Abstract: A logic circuit that executes a prescribed arithmetic processing includes a decoder that converts one or more binary input data into a first plurality of bit data of a constant hamming weight regardless of a hamming weight of the input data, an interconnect network that is connected to the decoder, changes a bit pattern of the first plurality of bit data and generates a second plurality of bit data, according to receiving the first plurality of bit data converted according to the decoder, and substituting a bit position of the received first plurality of bit data for the purpose of the prescribed arithmetic operation, and an encoder connected to the interconnect network and converts the second plurality of bit data generated in the interconnect network into one or more binary output data.

Abstract: A method of generating codewords that conform to a run length limited (RLL) constraint represented by (d, k, a, b), where d is a minimum run length of a codeword, k is a maximum run length of the codeword, a is a length of source data, and b is a length of the codeword.

Abstract: In a data demodulating method and apparatus, and a code arranging method, a multiplexer multiplexes an input data stream divided by a predetermined length into a plurality of types of pseudo random data streams using multiplexed information of predetermined bits by applying a predetermined multiplexing method to each of the pseudo random data streams. An encoder RLL-modulates the plurality of types of pseudo random data streams to create a modulated code stream including a minimum of DC components. The multiplexer generates the random data streams by inconsecutively scrambling the input data stream using the multiplexed information. The encoder weak DC-free RLL-modulates each of the multiplexed data streams without using a DC control sub code conversion table to which additional bits are added and provides a code stream including a minimum of DC components among multiplexed, RLL-modulated code streams.

Abstract: An optical quantizing unit includes an optical divider dividing 1st optical pulses to be quantized and sending the divided 1st optical pulses into a plurality of paths; a plurality of optical filters passing with different transmittances the divided 1st optical pulses; and an optical threshold filter sequentially receiving the 1st optical pulses, and sending 2nd optical pulses when light intensities of the 1st optical pulses are above a preset threshold value.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converting circuit for power soft-switching, comprising: a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET); a digital-to-analog control circuit, for controlling the MOSFET to operate in either the cut-off region, the saturation region or the linear region; a digital control unit, using an output signal so as to control an input current into the MOSFET; and a DC-to-DC inverter, controlled by the MOSFET so as to invert external DC power into a certain level for electronic products.

Abstract: To achieve a synchronous output of analog signals generated in two or more digital-to-analog (DAC) converters, an adjustable, digital delay device, of which the delay time is adjustable dependent upon the cross-correlation determined between the analog output signals of the digital-to-analog converters, is provided upstream of at least one of the fifo memories provided for the signal transfer in order to delay the digital signal.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) adapted to (i) measure a voltage differential between a ground potential external to the IC and a ground potential internal to the IC and (ii) based on the measurement result(s), adjust a signal referenced to the internal ground potential to reduce signal error associated with the voltage differential. In one embodiment, the IC is adapted to monitor the voltage differential in real time and use the presently measured voltage differential to perform signal adjustment. In another embodiment, the IC has a plurality of registers, each register adapted to store a voltage-differential value corresponding to a particular configuration of the IC, which values are written into the registers during an initialization procedure. During normal operation, the IC controllably selects from the stored values one corresponding to the current IC configuration.

Abstract: A voltage conversion device has a non-linear gain, for converting analog voltage provided by an analog voltage source. The voltage conversion device comprises a gain decision module, a voltage selection module, and a voltage output module. The gain decision module comprises an analog to digital (A/D) converter and a gain selector. The A/D converter is used for converting analog voltage provided by the analog voltage source into digital signals. The gain selector is used for determining a gain. The voltage selection module is used for outputting a direct-current (DC) voltage. The voltage output module has a first input end coupled to the gain selector, an output end coupled to the gain selector, and a second input end coupled to the voltage selection module, for outputting an amplified result of the DC voltage outputted from the voltage selection module.

Abstract: In an AD converter a primary ?A-modulator digitizes the analog input signal. The quantization noise generated thereby is isolated in the analog domain and digitized in a secondary ?A-modulator. The quantization noise so digitized by the secondary ?A-modulator is subtracted from the quantization noise in the output of the primary ?A-modulator. Because the quantization noise generated by the primary ?A-modulator is subject to filtering (shaping) the quantization noise digitized in the secondary ?A-modulator should also be filtered. This is performed by similar filtering in the feedback path of the secondary ?A-modulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to an interleaved track and hold circuit for tracking and holding a value of a continuous input signal and to provide discrete values thereof, wherein the circuit comprises a first and a second stage. To avoid tones caused by differences in the non-ideal elements when switching through several parallel second stages the circuit according to the invention comprises a single first stage and at least two second stages.

Abstract: Electronic circuit for the analog-to-digital conversion of the alternative current (AC) component of an analog input signal. The electronic circuit has a coupling device with an input and an outputcoupling device delivers at its output an analog AC signal when the analog input signal is applied to the input. An analog-to-digital converter converts the analog AC signal into a digital output signal. A feedback loop has a digital-to-analog converter for converting the digital output into an analog feedback signal, the feedback loop being coupled to the coupling device, and the feedback loop has a first feedback path comprising a switched capacitor.

Abstract: An analog to digital converter comprising a reference signal generator, a comparator, and a counter wherein the reference signal generator is operable to generate a reference for converting an analog signal into a digital signal. The reference signal generator is also operable to generate a plurality of the reference signals based on the change in a voltage. The comparator is operable to compare the analog signal with the reference signal generated by the reference signal generator. The counter is operable to count, in parallel with a comparison performed by the comparator, a predetermined count clock and to hold a count value at the time of completion of the comparison.

Abstract: A multi-channel sample and hold circuit includes an operational amplifier, plural electric charge setting channels. Each of the electric charge setting channels includes an input terminal, an electric charge setting capacitor, an electric charge setting switch connected between the input terminal and the electric charge setting capacitor, a channel separating switch connected between the electric charge setting capacitor and the input terminal of the operational amplifier and a holding switch and a control circuit for selecting one of the electric charge setting channels to hold a signal that is inputted to the input terminal thereof.

Abstract: A system and method to detect changes in composite structures using RF signal pattern data interpretation. An RF signal is transmitted from a composite material manufactured structure and a plurality of sensors are employed to measure the RF signal. The measured RF signal is compared to a stored baseline RF signal for the particular structure. Deviations in the measured RF pattern for the structure, or for a structurally-similar composite structure, are automatically analyzed to detect non-visually-detectable defects or other changes in the composite structure. A baseline RF signature is developed for a structure by transmitting a reference RF signal from the composite structure. RF signals are detected by a variety of methods, and the detected signals are compiled and translated into reference and/or test RF signal patterns for the structure.

Abstract: A radar for detecting a target wherein a standard deviation of the amplitude of a beat signal from a transmission signal and a reception signal is determined for a predetermined period. A threshold is determined by adding a predetermined value to the standard deviation or by multiplying the standard deviation by a predetermined coefficient. The presence or absence of interference on the beat signal is detected according to the presence or the absence of an amplitude greater than the threshold. For example, an amplitude exceeding the standard deviation×2 is considered a spike noise (SPN), i.e., as “presence of interference”. The threshold used for detecting peaks appearing on a frequency spectrum is then increased. This allows detection of the presence or the absence of a spike noise superposed on the beat signal to be performed more certainly, thereby enabling processing according to the presence or the absence of interference.

Abstract: A system for tracking an object in space for position, comprises a transponder device connectable to the object. The transponder device has one or several transponder aerial(s) and a transponder circuit connected to the transponder aerial for receiving an RF signal through the transponder aerial. The transponder device adds a known delay to the RF signal thereby producing an RF response for transmitting through the transponder aerial. A transmitter is connected to a first aerial for transmitting the RF signal through a first aerial. A receiver is connected to the first, a second and third aerials for receiving the RF response of the transponder device therethrough. A position calculator is associated to the transmitter and the receiver for calculating a position of the object as a function of the known delay and the time period between the emission of the RF signal and the reception of the RF response from the first, second and third aerials. A method is also provided.

Abstract: A method for optimising at least one property of a satellite system. The satellite system comprises a satellite provided with a transmitter for transmitting an satellite signal which represents data. The satellite is further provided with a satellite receiver for receiving said satellite signal. The method comprises receiving at said satellite receiver the satellite signal; determining from the satellite signal said data; checking the data for data errors; and changing said at least one property of the satellite system if a result of said checking satisfies a predetermined criterion.

Abstract: To determine the position of a mobile device located within a coverage area of a base station, the time of arrival (TOA) of the CDMA signal received by the mobile device from the base station is reduced in proportion to the received power of the CDMA signal. The mobile device uses the reduced TOA of the CDMA signals together with the received GPS signals to detect its position. Alternatively, the mobile device transmits the TOA and power measurements of the received CDMA signals to a position determination entity (PDE). The PDE biases the TOA to estimate the position of the mobile device and transmits assistance data to the mobile device, thereby enabling the mobile device to receive GPS signals. The received GPS signals alone, or in combination with the biased TOA are then used to recompute the position of the mobile device.

Abstract: A method of estimating distance with reference to a target location and radius is disclosed. The method includes transforming the target location and radius into a degree offset threshold for avoiding unnecessary distance calculation, receiving a set of global positioning coordinates that define a location of a portable global positioning system (GPS) device, and comparing the set of global positioning coordinates to the degree offset threshold. In response to the set of global positioning coordinates meeting the degree offset threshold, the method further includes calculating a preliminary distance between the global positioning coordinates and the target location.

Abstract: A GPS receiver (10) is disclosed comprising a GPS antenna and a GPS RF front-end including an analogue to digital converter for sampling received GPS signals and a processor for outputting a stream of the GPS signal samples and inserting repeated instances of timing data indicating the timing of the sampling of the GPS signals in the stream in place of some of the GPS signal samples. Also disclosed is a corresponding method of providing a position fix and a computer program, computer-readable storage medium and apparatus for the same.

Abstract: An AltBoc receiver accumulates power measurements over code chip ranges that are associated with time slots that span the code chips. The receiver combines a received signal with code and carrier phase offsets that correspond to the time slots to produce the power measurements, with the code phase offsets determined from compressed signals representing one or a combination of the codes in the AltBoc signal. The receiver recovers navigation data from the data channels of the received signal and combines the recovered data with the corresponding locally generated PRN codes to produce a locally generated 4 code signal that is then used track the full 8PSK AltBoc received signal. The receiver rotates and shifts the phase of the received signal in order to line up the subcarrier splitting code zero crossings. The pulse shape of this rotated and shifted signal is measured. The resulting sharp edges of the recovered subcarrier are used to control the code phase of the receiver.

Abstract: Various example embodiments are disclosed including methods, a system, a transmitter apparatus, a receiver apparatus, and computer program products which may provide advanced feedback signaling in a multi-antenna transmission system. In an example embodiment, a codebook may include an indexed set of beamforming elements, and may further include a first subset of elements for phase-only antenna control, and at least one of a second subset of elements for antenna subset selection, and a third subset of elements for single antenna selection.

Abstract: A MIMO antenna (20) disposed on a substrate (10) including a first surface (102) and a second surface (104). The MIMO antenna includes a first antenna (20a) and a second antenna (20b) each including a radiating body (22a), a feeding portion (26a) electrically connected to the radiating body, and a metallic ground plane (24a). The radiating body includes a first radiating portion (222a), a second radiating portion (226a), and a gap (28a) formed between the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion. The radiating body and the feeding portion of the first antenna and the ground plane of the second antenna are laid on the first surface of the substrate, and the radiating body and the feeding portion of the second antenna and the ground plane of the first antenna are laid on the second surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An antenna disposed on a circuit board includes a first surface, a second surface, a feeding part, a body portion, a first accessory portion, a second accessory portion, and a ground plane. The feeding part includes a first feeding segment disposed on the first surface and a second feeding segment disposed on the second surface. The body portion includes a first radiation part, a second radiation part, a third radiation part, and a fourth radiation part. The first accessory portion, the second accessory portion, the first radiation part, and the second radiation part are all disposed on the first surface. The third radiation part and the fourth radiation part are disposed on the second surface. The ground plane includes a pair of first ground parts disposed on the first surface and a second ground part disposed on the second surface.

Abstract: An antenna (10) is provided. The antenna (10) with coupling feeding, printed on a substrate (30) for transceiving electromagnetic signals. The antenna includes a radiator (12), a feeding portion (14), and a grounded portion (16). The radiator is for the transceiving electromagnetic signals. The feeding portion defines a gap with the radiator for coupling feeding the electromagnetic signals to the radiator via the gap. The grounded portion is disposed adjacent to the feeding portion.

Abstract: In a disk monopole antenna structure, a semicircular region is provided, as well as an oppositely disposed, second frame-type region, which faces away from the semicircular region and forms a cut-out in the antenna structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antenna comprising at least two arrays comprising respective pluralities of radiating elements in alignment, disposed in parallel planes, and metal screens interposed between the arrays, the antenna being characterized in that each metal screen comprises a bottom portion facing non-radiating portions of the radiating elements and comprising respective plane sheets disposed in planes parallel to the planes of the arrays, and top portions facing the radiating portions of the radiating elements and comprising panels, each forming an angle with the planes of the bottom portions. Preferably, each panel is oriented in alternation in one direction and in another direction on either side of the plane of the bottom portion. Advantageously, each panel comprises two wings connected to a central zone attached to the bottom portion of the screen.

Abstract: A transmitting and receiving system including an antenna element having first and second current paths, and a meander feed line connected to said first and second current paths, the meander feed line including a radiating portion parallel to the first current path, wherein a current in the radiating portion is in a direction opposite of a current in the first current path, and wherein a current in the second current path is in a direction the same as the current in said radiating portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-frequency antenna and an electronic device having the same. The multi-frequency antenna comprises a radiating element, a grounding element and a connecting element. The radiating element comprises a high-frequency radiating unit and a low-frequency radiating unit, wherein the low-frequency radiating unit is constructed by bending a horizontal plane where the high-frequency radiating unit is located in an upward manner by a certain height to form a three-dimensional structure; and the connecting element is used to connect the radiating element and the grounding element.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a supporter forming two different continuous first and second surfaces, and a monopole antenna assembled on the supporter and comprising a radiating element comprising a first radiating portion, a second radiating portion respectively worked at different frequency bands, and a grounding element separated from the radiating element; wherein the first radiating portion, the radiating portion and the grounding element connecting together across the first and second surfaces to form a solid antenna.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a housing and a common antenna carried by the housing and having a plurality of spaced apart signal feed points thereon. The device may further include a plurality of wireless radio frequency (RF) transceivers carried by the housing and coupled to respective ones of the signal feed points of the common antenna. Each wireless RF transceiver may also have a respective different operating frequency associated therewith. Furthermore, the device may also include a controller selectively operating at least some of the wireless RF transceivers to advantageously use the common antenna at a same time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna arrangement for a portable radio communication device, such as a mobile phone, including RF circuitry and a portable radio communication device comprising such an antenna arrangement. The antenna arrangement is characterized in that a first connection portion (17; 25) of an antenna element (10) extends in a first direction in a plane defined by the substantially planar antenna element (10) and a second connection portion (18; 26) of the antenna element (10) extends in a second direction opposite said first direction, such that the sum of said extensions is constant.

Abstract: A stylus can be used to operate a mobile communication device and can be used as an external antenna. The stylus can be packed in a containing socket for ease of use. The stylus can also be linked to a signal linking pad to enhance signal receiving ability.

Abstract: A broadband antenna comprises a radiating element, a grounding element, a connecting element and a parasitic element. The connecting element comprises a first end and a second end. The first end of the connecting element is electrically connected to the radiating element, and the second end is electrically connected to the grounding element. The broadband antenna has a three dimensional structure which can reduce the entire volume. The radiating element extends extra radiation area; therefore, the broadband antenna has larger frequency bandwidth and better radiation characteristic.

Abstract: A method for early detection of faulty antenna arrays comprising the step of treating said detection as a special case of target recognition; wherein targets of interest are all previous examples of defective antenna arrays.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for determining the far-field radiation pattern of an antenna within a composite radiator. The method involves performing a near-field scan at an angular sample spacing corresponding to a minimum sphere centered at the crossing of two rotational axes encompassing the composite radiator, computing coefficients based on the near-field scan, adding a phase adjustment to the far field based on a translation from the scan origin to a point within the antenna, re-computing the coefficients, and truncating the re-computed coefficients, thereby retaining a number of coefficients corresponding to the diameter of a minimum sphere encompassing the antenna only. In doing so, the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna may be determined from the truncated set of coefficients with interference effects of the composite radiator substantially mitigated.

Abstract: A plurality of antenna clusters form an antenna array used in microwave imaging. Each antenna cluster has at least two antenna elements and an active device. The active device controls the two antenna elements to direct microwave radiation to and from an object to capture a microwave image of the object.

Abstract: A fractal slot antenna developed for wideband communications with a reflector that increases the gain and preserves the wideband capability of the antenna. This is a typical microstrip slot antenna that is consisted from microstrip feed and radiating slot made in conductive ground. The slot shape is modified in meanings of fractal geometry. The antenna main advantage is the relatively large bandwidth and moderate efficiency. In a typical microstrip antenna the presence of reflector decreases the antenna bandwidth. Authors of this patent has discovered that applying fractalization rules in several orders to the radiating slot of the microstrip slot antennas improves their properties and particularly gain, efficiency and bandwidth in the presence of reflector. This rule will help the creation of so called “ultra wide band” antennas—with operational bandwidth more than 1-10 GHz.

Abstract: A low-profile antenna system includes a main reflector (102) formed as a shaped main reflector surface that is approximately, but not precisely, parabolic. The main reflector (102) has a main reflector edge configuration (103) that is asymmetric. A feed system (104) for the main reflector includes a subreflector (106) formed as a shaped subreflector surface that is approximately, but not precisely, elliptical. The subreflector has a subreflector edge configuration (107) that is also asymmetric. An RF feed horn (108) associated with the feed system 104 has an aperture profile which also has an asymmetric shape.

Abstract: There is provided an antenna arrangement for use in an ultra-wideband network, the antenna arrangement comprising a plurality of active elements for emitting radio signals; and a reflecting structure disposed between at least two of the active elements for reflecting radio signals, the reflecting structure comprising an outer reflecting surface for reflecting radio signals in a first frequency range within a frequency band and an inner reflecting surface for reflecting radio signals having a second frequency range within the frequency band. In an alternative embodiment, the antenna arrangement comprises an active element for emitting radio signals, and a reflecting structure.

Abstract: Grating lobe free scanning in a phased array with sparse element spacing is obtained by restricting the maximum scan angle for elements in the array, and cladding the array. Array elements may be integrated into the cladding.

Abstract: Grating lobe free scanning in a phased array with sparse element spacing is obtained by restricting the maximum scan angle for elements in the array, and arranging the elements in a convex form. One convex form is a paraboloid, which may be continuous, or piecewise in nature, tiled with flat segments.

Abstract: A system for reducing unwanted signals comprises a ground plane, a first active component disposed so as to cause signals in the ground plane, a second active component disposed so as to cause signals in the ground plane, wherein the ground plane provides a path for the signals from the first active component to affect the second active component and for the signals from the second active component to affect the first active component, and a filter element configured as a pattern in the ground plane receiving and attenuating the signals from each of the first and second active components.

Abstract: Planer inverted-F antennas are easily assembled into one device without diversity. The device diminishes interferences and polarization of the antenna to obtain high gain.

Abstract: An active antenna capable of transmitting and receiving a wireless signal of a low frequency band and a mobile communication terminal having the active antenna, are provided. The active antenna includes an antenna element which transmits and receives a wireless signal, a filter which filters the wireless signal being received at the antenna element such that a wireless signal belonging to a frequency band lower than the operating frequency of the antenna element is passed, and an amplifier which amplifies the wireless signal being passed through the filter. As a result, the size of the antenna can be greatly reduced, by the use of an active antenna which receives wireless signals of low frequency bands. Additionally, a more compact mobile communication terminal can be provided, because wireless signal of both high frequency bands and low frequency bands can be transmitted and received at one antenna.

Abstract: A coupling structure for coupling a device operable at a radio frequency with a body is formed of a polymeric material loaded with a conductive filler. A portion of the surface of the body defines a coupling area of a predetermined shape that receives a conductive pad having a shape and area corresponding to the predetermined shape and coupling area. The conductive pad is positioned on the surface of the body in non-penetrating contact with the body such that, in use, the pad and the body have an impedance, substantially capacitively reactive in nature, defined therebetween that is less than the impedance of the body at the operating frequency, thereby facilitating the transfer of electromagnetic energy at the operating radio frequency between the body and the pad.

Abstract: A wireless network card antenna position structure is disposed between an antenna and a wireless network card body to adjust and fix a rotational angle between the antenna and the wireless network card body. The wireless network card antenna position structure includes a sunk position piece and a salient position piece. The sunk position piece includes several sunk points and the salient position piece includes at least a salient point. The salient point would couple with at least one of the sunk points to fix the rotational angle of the antenna when the rotational angle of the antenna is adjusted.

Abstract: An antenna including a common ground plane, a first set of n approximately resonant elements with a length l2 and a second set of n approximately resonant elements with a length l1. The first set of n approximately resonant elements are wound to form a first helix with an initial diameter d2 and a height h2. The second set of n approximately resonant elements are wound in the opposite direction to the first set of n approximately resonant elements to form a second helix. The second helix is centrally disposed within the first helix, and has an initial diameter d1 and a height h1 where d1 is less than d2 and h1 is greater than h2.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described of an antenna including a common ground plane, a first set of N approximately resonant elements with a length I2 and a second set of M approximately resonant elements with a length I1. The first set of N approximately resonant elements are wound to form a first helix with an initial diameter d2 and a height h2. The second set of M approximately resonant elements are wound in the opposite direction to the first set of N approximately resonant elements to form a second helix. The second helix is centrally disposed within the first helix, and d1 is less than d2 and h1 is greater than h2.

Abstract: A dielectric resonator radiator comprising first and second portions, each portion being conical or monotonically varying in shape having a larger basal surface and a smaller basal surface and defining a longitudinal axis, the first and second portions being arranged with their longitudinal axes collinear and their larger basal surfaces parallel and adjacent to each other and separated by a gap.