Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, a novel method of purchasing commodities associated with a golf course at least includes: a) providing at least one kiosk under the dominion of a golf course operator; b) via the kiosk, providing to a prospective golfer, available tee times at the golf course; c) via the kiosk, allowing the prospective golfer to reserve one or more tee times; and d) at least partially via the kiosk, processing payment for the selected tee times. In another aspect of the invention, a novel method of purchasing commodities associate with a ski resort at least includes: a) providing at least one kiosk under the dominion of a ski resort operator; b) via the kiosk, providing to a prospective skier, ski lift information at the ski resort; c) via the kiosk, allowing the prospective skier to reserve one or more ski lift tickets; and d) at least partially via the kiosk, processing payment for the ski lift tickets.

Abstract: A method for real-time remote shopping using a real-time remote shopping system includes the steps of (a) obtaining the commodity information from a hand-held terminal and registering the information on a customer, (b) sending the shopping request information including the commodity information to a host server or a mobile terminal through the wired/wireless communication device, (c) receiving, at the mobile terminal, the shopping request information from the hand-held terminal or the host server, and sending the shopping data processed in real-time to the host server or the hand-held terminal, (d) receiving, at the hand-held terminal, the shopping data from the server or the hand-held terminal, and (e) sending, at the hand-held terminal, a shopping-ended signal to the host server or the hand-held terminal, and paying the price. The hand-held terminal includes a hand-held electronic device of the customer. The system and method can be applied to an internet shopping.

Abstract: A system that enables a wireless point-of-sale transaction. In one embodiment the system comprises an account module, an account selection module, a display, an input interface, and a wireless transmitter. The account module stores account information corresponding to a plurality of payment accounts. The account selection module selects a payment account from the plurality of payment accounts as a default payment account for a wireless point-of-sale transaction based on one or more predetermined criteria. The display displays the default payment account to a user. The input interface enables the user to accept the default payment account by the account selection module. The wireless transmitter that wirelessly transmits payment information to a point-of-sale device, wherein the payment information comprises account information associated with the default account when the default payment account is accepted via the input interface.

Abstract: An item-package assembly comprising an item bearing an electronically-readable unique item identifier, said unique item identifier including information pertaining to the item's manufacturer or purveyor, and uniquely identifying the item from other items in the same product class, and a package about said item, said package bearing an electronically-readable package identifier, said package identifier comprising information correlateable with said unique item identifier borne by said item.

Abstract: Credit card applications typically involve the help of a third party to input the necessary data required by a credit card issuing agency. Using the present invention, a customer at a fuel dispenser can complete a credit card application and have it approved or denied in a quick and easy transaction, without the need of assistance from a third party. All required data at the fuel dispenser is entered through a user interface which includes card swipe inputs and numeric inputs through a numeric key pad. The customer does not make any alphabetical inputs on a typical keyboard because fuel dispensers do not have keyboards.

Abstract: A method of identifying or authenticating a product by providing an analog identification indicium including a randomized pattern of identification features on a first part of the product wherein one or more attributes of the randomized pattern of identification features correspond to an item identifier. A digital identification record is provided on a second part of the product including an encoded digital version of the item identifier, the first and second parts being separable when the product is used. The randomized pattern of identification features of the analog identification indicium is read and decoded to generate an item identifier and the digital identification record is read and decoded to generate an item identifier. The product is deemed authentic if the item identifier from the analog identification indicium substantially matches the item identifier from the digital identification record.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automated condition evaluator that conducts an evaluation of an item placed into a sensor chamber to identify the item and determine characteristics about that item that can assist a party in making a decision about the item. More specifically, an item is placed into a sensor chamber and various sensors are actuated in an effort to identify the item. Extrinsic information may also be introduced into the identification process. Once the item is identified, a rigorous evaluation of the item is conducted to determine any flaws, characteristics, or changes from the standard are present in the item. The sensors evaluate the item in 3 dimensional space and the results are compared against expected results. Any variations are classified for evaluation. When the item being evaluated is a vehicle, the classifications of the differences include scratches, dents, holes and other problems that are characteristic of vehicle flaws.

Abstract: A card reader is provided with a card locking device preventing a card shaped medium from pulling out for illegal taking-out The card locking device includes a lock member which is turnably supported and provided with an engaging part so as to abut with the surface of the card shaped medium and a movable member which is connected to the lock member and is reciprocally movable in a direction to the card insertion port. The movable member turns the lock member around the support shaft pin such that the engaging part abuts with the card shaped medium to lock the card shaped medium. The engaging part may be constructed by a plurality of plate members whose thicknesses are different is laminated in a width direction of the card shaped medium.

Abstract: An optical text scanning device compatible with a small handheld computer such as a personal digital assistant (PDA). The scanning device allows for a clear view of the text that is scanned simultaneous to the scanning process so that the operator can continuously align the device to the text. The scanned images of the text are converted in real-time to standard byte or word characters for subsequent display on the computer's viewing screen. The operator can quickly verify the accuracy of the conversion by comparing the displayed character with the actual character of text on the surface that is being scanned. Scanned text characters are stored in standard digital text files for ease of manipulation.

Abstract: An apparatus for entering information into a battery test/charger that includes a bar code reader, a controller that is used to receive information from the bar code reader wherein the controller controls a battery tester/charger. In addition, a method for entering information into a battery tester/charger that includes reading a bar code and inputting information into a controller for the battery tester charger based on the bar code. An additional method of recording information about a battery that includes printing information on a bar code reflecting information about the battery and associating the bar code with the battery.

Abstract: An improved tracking label may comprise a destination ZIP field (130), content identifier number (CIN) description field (115), and a barcode field (150). In addition, the improved label comprises at least one of a printer line field (105), a postal destination name field (110),a mailer name field (120), a mailer identification (ID) field (125), a route field (135), a barcode numermic line field (140) and a mailer's area field (145).

Abstract: Described is a system and method for bar code detection. The method comprises generating a digitized bar pattern (DBP) including a series of elements corresponding to elements of a scanned bar code, and identifying a first set of margins around a first portion of the series of elements. When an attempt to decode the first portion is unsuccessful, the first portion is analyzed to determine a second set of margins around a second portion of the series of elements, the second set of margins being within the first set of margins, and the second portion is input to a decoding algorithm.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for reading a bar code symbol with an optical reader. The method includes the step of scanning the bar code symbol to obtain a plurality of scan lines. Each of the plurality of scan lines includes a linear array of N-pixel values. Adjacent pixels in the linear array of N-pixel values are separated by a sample separation distance. A reconstructed scan line is generated that interleaves the N-pixel values from selected scan lines of the plurality of scan lines. A reconstructed pixel sample separation distance of adjacent interleaved pixels is an integer fraction of the pixel sample separation distance.

Abstract: Scanner modules are provided for use with a docking station having a docking station interface adapted to receive an interface of an imaging device; the scanner module has an image-scanning unit adapted to form an image of a medium; a controller to controllably cause the image scanning unit to capture an image of the medium and to store the captured image as image data in a memory; and a scanner interface adapted so that it can be received by the docking station interface. The controller is connected to the scanner interface and adapted to send image data from the memory through the docking station interface in a manner that emulates the manner in which the imaging device sends image data through the docking station interface. Some embodiments of the scanner module can be manually or automatically moved to scan mediums.

Abstract: An IC card according to the present invention comprises, a built-in coprocessor for an auxiliary arithmetic in addition to a main arithmetic processing unit, an interval timer for outputting an interrupt request signal upon lapse of a set time shorter than the frame waiting time, and coprocessor control means for controlling the coprocessor operation by suspending supply of an operation clock to the coprocessor in accordance with the output of the interrupt request signal and resuming supply of the operation clock to the coprocessor in accordance with a predetermined response input from an external device. Upon receipt of a command from the external device, the contents of the command are determined, and the time shorter than the frame waiting time is set in the interval timer thereby to start the interval timer.

Abstract: The circuitry introduced in this invention selectively slows down the functioning of an electronic circuit by maintaining a particular state for a prolonged period of time. This circuitry is used not only to achieve the desired effect in maintaining security from electronic thieves trying to circumvent codes but also in other applications such as enabling a circuit to continue to function in the event of a brief loss of power. For example, in an RFID system, if a reader is frequency hopping, a tag loses power for as long as about 400 milliseconds when the reader changes to other frequencies. In a preferred embodiment, the disclosed circuitry is used in conjunction with a destruct sequence.

Abstract: Identification documents have a three dimensional or moving image effect to enable human verification of their authenticity. These effects are created by printing image layers of invisible inks, such as UV or IR fluorescing inks, each depicting an object in varying position or perspective in an area on the document. When the area is strobed sequentially in different bands corresponding to the different layers, the layers become visible sequentially or simultaneously, creating a moving and/or three dimensional effect.

Abstract: The claimed subject matter relates to an architecture for interacting with a multiple criteria buying and/or selling system to conduct business electronically. In particular, the architecture can include a dynamic discount card that includes an information access component for receiving information. In addition, the dynamic discount card can include a presentation component for displaying information to a user via the dynamic discount card.

Abstract: A method of copying virtual firmware smart card code from a first secured memory in a system and loading the virtual firmware smart card code into a second secured memory in the system so that the code may be run on a microprocessor to provide smart card services to the system.

Abstract: An RFID tag that includes a base, an antenna for communication wired to the base, a circuit chip electrically connected to the antenna for radio communication via the antenna, a first reinforcing member and a second reinforcing member. The first reinforcing member covers and fills the whole of the circuit chip and part of the antenna. The second reinforcing member is positioned underside of the first reinforcing member across the base and has an edge that is displaced from the edge of the first reinforcing member at least in the point where the edge of the first reinforcing member meets the antenna.

Abstract: An apparatus for electronically determining whether a tax or duty has been paid for the contents of that container. A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is placed on the container which includes information indicative of whether the tax has been paid. The RFID tag includes a substrate, a radio frequency transceiver circuit mounted upon the substrate and connected to an antenna having a fixed length that is also mounted upon the substrate, and, preferably, a protrusion affixed to or a slot in the substrate. Preferably, the RFID tag is placed within the container's cap, such that, when mounted on the container, the cap mates with a ratchet wheel connected to the container that engages the protrusion or slot such that removing the cap from the container will cause the substrate to fracture and thereby cause the RFID tag to become permanently disabled.

Abstract: Enclosed re-programmable non-volatile memory cards include at least two sets of electrical contacts to which the internal memory is connected. The two sets of contacts have different patterns, preferably in accordance with two different contact standards such as a memory card standard and that of the Universal Serial Bus (USB). One memory card standard that can be followed is that of the Secure Digital (SD) card. The cards can thus be used with different hosts that are compatible with one set of contacts but not the other. A sleeve that is moveable by hand may be included to expose the set of contacts being used.

Abstract: A method of embedding an optical signature in a document and document produced therefrom. The optical signature is an optical pattern preferably being a series of discrete marks that can be aligned in a grid that generates a known value, and the same value can be generated from examination of a document by aligning at least an X-Y coordinate grid over the embedded optical pattern. The document can be validated, authenticated, or the determination of a valid copy of an original document with the embedded optical signature made through comparison of the known value and the value generated from the optical pattern on the document. The optical pattern can also be generated from other identification codes on the document.

Abstract: An electronic stripe card senses when it is being swiped passed a read head, and drives a conductive path to mimic a magnetic card track. Multiple conductive paths may be driven in an interleaved fashion one after another. The card may include multiple swipe sensors to detect when to start and stop driving the conductive paths. The conductive paths may include traces on a top metal layer and bottom metal layer without magnetic material therebetween.

Abstract: A thermostat capable of receiving signals transmitted by a utility provider communicating a usage rate schedule or a request for a load curtailment period, and controlling one or more systems based on the information communicated by the utility. The thermostat changes the set point for each system to the stored predetermined control set point corresponding to the current usage rate schedule period or the curtailment mode period when requested. The thermostat is further capable of discontinuing operation of one or more systems for a minimum predetermined time period during following a request for a load curtailment period.

Abstract: Techniques for controlling air conditioning and transfer air in an occupied space are described. The example of a commercial restaurant is provided. Features of model based control and integration of load predictors is also described.

Abstract: Between a characteristic a of a process chamber 21a having a large pressure loss and a characteristic b of a process chamber 21b having a small pressure loss, threshold value A (flow rate value Q3, pressure value P3) is set on the characteristic a. The threshold value A is set on a controller 9. When a rotation speed of a pump 3 is increased by an electric motor 8, the flow rate of a fluid flowing through pipelines 1, 2 and a flow path of a process chamber 21 increases. At the time, the flow rate of the fluid is measured by a flowmeter 4 and a pressure of the fluid is measured by a pressure switch 5. If the pressure reaches the pressure value P3 when the flow rate of the fluid reaches the flow rate value Q3, the pressure switch 5 operates. At the time, the controller 9 judges that the process chamber 21a having a large pressure loss is connected to the pipelines 1, 2.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sprayer having a center boom and pivotal wing booms. The wing booms can be pivoted from an extended spray position to an elevated transport position by lifting and lowering each wing boom about a longitudinal lift pivot axis. In addition, each wing boom can bi-directionally breakaway relative to the center boom by virtue of a breakaway pivot arranged between the lift pivot axis and the innermost end of the wing boom. The breakaway pivot has at least one pair of nested cams that are biased into their nested condition by at least one spring. The center boom carries a pair of support cradles that direct or cam one wing boom forwardly and the other wing boom rearwardly as the wing booms are lifted into the transport position such that the wing booms form an X-shape relative to one another. The support cradles are partially flexible to allow the wing booms to release from the cradles if they strike an obstruction.

Abstract: A water-saving type shower head operable to reduce flow volume while maintaining a high discharge pressure. A diameter-reduced water passage 19 of a flow control member 20 disposed in a head portion 22 of a shower head body 12 has a first and a second water passage portions 40 and 41 provided on an entry side and an exit side thereof, respectively. The first water passage portion 40 has a small diameter, and the second water passage portion 41 has an inside diameter which is 1.5 to 3 times that of the first water passage portion 40. On an upstream side of the first water passage portion 40, a tapered diameter-reduced portion 43 reduced in diameter in a flow direction is formed, and on a downstream side of the second water passage portion 41, a diameter-increased portion 45 increased in diameter in the flow direction is formed.

Abstract: A device for dispensing coating material includes a handle and a barrel coupled to the handle and extending therefrom toward a forward end from which coating material is dispensed. A first component is provided on the dispensing device. Multiple second components each include a portion which is complementary to the first component. At least one of the multiple second components comprises a tool for use in conjunction with the operation of the dispensing device.

Abstract: A fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine includes a housing and at least one valve element which cooperates with a valve seat on an injection end of the housing. A plurality of fuel outlet conduits in the housing are associated with the valve element. In the region of the beginning of the fuel outlet conduits a flow chamber is present which is formed by at least one annular groove that is concentric with the longitudinal axis of the valve element.

Abstract: An apparatus for comminuting material includes two disks arranged coaxially to one another inside a housing that encloses a comminuting room. At least part of the opposing surfaces of the disks are provided with interacting comminuting tools thus forming a comminuting zone, whereby at least one of the disks rotates around a mutual axis to generate a relative movement of the disks. At the same time, the material, which is a mixture of gaseous and solid materials is axially fed by one of the disks into the comminuting room and is radially conveyed to the comminuting zone. Thereby, cooling gas is additionally channeled into the comminuting room. The comminuting room is partitioned into one chamber through which the mixture of gaseous and solid materials flows, and at least one additional chamber dedicated to the cooling gas.

Abstract: A pulverization/classification apparatus includes a plurality of air nozzles, a milling chamber as a space for pulverizing particles by compressed air jetted by the air nozzles, and a rotor installed at an upper part of the milling chamber that classifies powder materials flowing into the rotor from the milling chamber with centrifuging into fine particles and coarse particles. The rotor includes plural blade members, and a width of the blade members within the rotor are set to be 1/50- 2/25 of the rotor's diameter.

Abstract: A pill crusher having a rack and pinion advancing a platen. Pill crushers are used to crush pills into powder for various medicinal reasons, such as ease of mixing or dosing. A rack on a slide way is linearly advanced by rotational movement of a pinion on a handle. The slide way is attached to a platen that advances towards an anvil. A pill in a pouch placed adjacent the anvil is crushed by the advancing platen. In one embodiment, a shaped anvil insert surface is mated to a complementary shaped platen surface and aids in crushing the pill. The present invention provides an efficient and sturdy pill crusher for commercial as well as personal use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the alignment and location of a sample (7), such as pills or tablets, for carrying out a further method step, such as a hardness test, with the aid of two opposing jaws (2, 3, 21), which may be moved relative to each other, the movable compression jaw (2) of which displaces the sample (7) along a guide track on to the fixed counter-jaw (3, 21), in order to begin the further method step with the sample (7). The forward movement of the movable compressing jaw (2), along with the sample (7) towards the fixed counter-jaw (3, 21) is continuously interrupted, the compressing jaw (2) being drawn backwards and driven forwards, such that the sample oscillates about the rest position thereof and then the compressing jaw (2) continues the movement towards the counter-jaw (3, 21) until the sample (7) reaches said counter-jaw (21).

Abstract: A cutting machine for organic plant materials has a frame in which a cutterhead of a drum having sets of cutting knives (16, 18) symmetrically arranged on its perimeter surface is mounted. At least two separate knife extension arrangement (10, 10a) are arranged opposite to each other within the drum and actuated separately by being connected to the corresponding cutting knives (16, 18) through a motor (1, 1a) whose speed is controlled by an external signal independent of speed of the cutterhead drum.

Abstract: A fishing reel has a body, a spool, a handle and a warning device. The body has a spool axle rotatably mounted in the body. The spool is rotatably and coaxially mounted around the spool axle of the body. The handle is rotatably mounted on the body and is connected to the spool. The warning device is mounted between the spool and the spool axle and has at least one illuminating element, an annular coil and an annular permanent magnet. Each illuminating element is mounted through the spool. The annular coil is coaxially mounted in the spool and is electrically connected to each illuminating element. The annular permanent magnet is coaxially mounted around the spool axle, corresponds to the coil and is separated from the coil by a gap.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, a method, and an article of manufacture to provide for the detection and compensation of tape breakage in a tape drive. The invention operates by simultaneously monitoring the tape reel rotation direction and the ratio of rotation between the tape reels. If the rotation direction is not the same for both reels, then tape breakage is indicated and reel rotation ceases. Tape breakage is also detected if the tape reel angular rotation ratio between the supply and take up reels is not within a specified tape reel ratio range. The tape reel angular rotation ratio is detected by simultaneously measuring the angular rotation of each tape reel in a specified time period and then calculating the ratio. The present invention detects the tape reel angular rotation ratio and if tape reel angular rotation ratio is outside of the specified tape reel ratio range, tape breakage is indicated and reel rotation ceases.

Abstract: A tape cartridge capable of preventing emission of vibrating sounds and occurrence of abrasion at a usage time when a reel hub unit rotates at a high rotating speed. The tape cartridge has a single reel hub unit rotatably accommodated in a case and having its periphery wound with a tape-shaped recording medium, a brake lock member including an engaging portion for engaging a reel hub unit to restrict rotation of the reel hub unit when in non-use, and a flat surface bearing portion provided substantially at a central part of the brake lock member, wherein the central axis of said flat surface bearing portion of the brake lock member is parallel with and offset from the rotating central axis around which said brake release member rotates together with said reel hub unit.

Abstract: A contact structure in a cable winding reel is disclosed which maintains rotary contact between two cables connected, at one-side ends thereof, to electric/electronic appliances, namely, one cable which is wound on a rotating body, and the other cable which is maintained in a fixed state without being wound, thereby enabling transmission of electricity and signals between the cables. A cable winding reel is also disclosed, wherein the contact structure is implemented in a well-known cable winding reel structure.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a cable reel, which comprises a casing, a movable latch member pivotally coupled into the casing, a protrusion disposed at one end of the latch member, a turntable disposed under the latch member and pivotally coupled into the casing, a volute spring disposed on a turntable, a cable disposed in the in the turntable, and an adapter can be connected to one end or both ends of the cable. Further, the turntable has a groove, and an inclined guide groove and an arc indented groove are disposed proximate to the groove such that the protrusion on the latch member in conjunction with the inclined guide groove and the arc indented groove can fix the cable at the currently located position and will not retract the cable into the cable reel when the cable is pulled. On the other hand, the cable is pulled gently again if it is necessary to rewind the cable.

Abstract: In relation to cables, a cable apparatus, which enhances downsizing by housing a cable when not in use and operability at the time of housing and pulling-out operations, is provided. The cable apparatus for use in connecting electronic apparatuses comprises a chassis housing a cable with connector units connected to the electronic apparatuses; a winding mechanism winding and housing the cable within the chassis; and an operation unit applying a turning force to the winding mechanism and allowing the winding mechanism to wind the cable, wherein the operation unit is pulled up from the chassis to allow the winding mechanism to wind the cable when operated and is pulled down toward the chassis when not operated.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a reel, which consists of a metal strip with loops, in particular a clip reel for packaging equipment. The reel must have at least three coils with its free end extending into the direction of unwinding. The reel also features a retaining device, which secures a releasable connection between the free end and another metal strip coil or—if available—a spool, thus preventing that the reel unwinds. The invention-based embodiment proposes a shape-mated connection.

Abstract: A system used to rotatably support a roll of absorbent material within a dispenser. The system includes a plug pre-packaged only in one end of a core of a roll of absorbent material to be dispensed from the dispenser. The other end of the core is insertable into a boss extending from a wall of the dispenser. The plug mates with a hub member having a complimentary shape to that of the plug. The hub member is rotatably supported within an arm connected to a wall of the dispenser.

Abstract: A flange design providing improved strength, fracture resistance, and the like using corrugations extending substantially radially from an arbor aperture toward a rim portion. A spool or reel may include a tubular member to receive a stranded material wrapped therearound. A first flange comprising a core portion and an outer portion may secure to one end of the first flange engaging the tubular member. A second flange may secure to the other end of the tubular member. The core portion of a flange may comprise an arbor wall defining the perimeter of an arbor aperture. The arbor wall may be directly contacted and supported by a plurality of corrugations extending radially therefrom. The outer portion of a flange may contact the core portion and extending radially away therefrom to an outer edge to restrain the stranded material in an axial direction.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an aircraft having a plurality of lifting and thrust rotors, with an electric motor and an inverter for each motor. In order to provide an aircraft having a greater payload, connecting bars are provided between the motors. In that respect the invention is based on the realization that, if such connecting bars are arranged in the manner of a latticework, they can provide a light but nonetheless stable structure for the aircraft, and that structure can carry correspondingly greater loads.

Abstract: An aircraft including a ducted fan and an engine for driving the ducted fan includes a plurality of vanes movably mounted to the aircraft at a substantially rectangular exhaust end of the aircraft. Each of the plurality of vanes is substantially rectangular or square. The plurality of vanes are configured to alter an exit area of the exhaust end. The aircraft includes a sensor circuit for detecting a RPM of the engine and for outputting a RPM signal. The aircraft includes a control circuit coupled to the sensor circuit and the plurality of vanes. The control circuit is configured to actuate the plurality of vanes to alter the exit area of the exhaust end to vary a pressure load on the ducted fan to control the RPM of the engine in response to the RPM signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating aircraft power systems are disclosed. A power system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes an aircraft auxiliary power unit and a controller coupled to the aircraft auxiliary power unit, with the controller being configured to automatically stop the auxiliary power unit while the auxiliary power unit is functioning normally. The controller can also be configured to automatically start the auxiliary power unit in-flight when power supplied or expected to be supplied to a subsystem of the aircraft has a non-zero value at or below a threshold value. The controller may also be configured to start the auxiliary power unit when a load or expected load on the subsystem meets or exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: A passive cooling system for an auxiliary power unit (APU) installation on an aircraft is provided. The system is for an auxiliary power unit having at least a compressor portion of a gas turbine engine and an oil cooler contained separately within a nacelle. The system includes the auxiliary power unit housed within the nacelle of the aircraft, an engine exhaust opening defined in the aft portion of the nacelle and communicating with the gas turbine engine, at least a first air inlet duct communicating with a second opening defined in said nacelle and with said compressor portion and the oil cooler is located within a second duct communicating with an opening other than the engine exhaust opening of said nacelle and with the engine exhaust opening. Exterior cooling air and engine exhaust ejected through said engine exhaust opening entrain cooling air through said second duct to said oil cooler, and thus provide engine oil cooling. An exhaust eductor is also provided.

Abstract: In order to achieve greater operational efficiency a propulsive arrangement is provided in which a relatively large number of small propulsive assemblies 9; 31, 32, 33 are provided in aircraft structures in particular the wing 7; 30. The assemblies 9; 31, 32, 33 comprise a flow path within which a compressor 39, 43, 47 is positioned to propel an air flow for propulsion. The compressors 39, 43, 47 are powered by electricity from an electricity generator 8 and possibly supplemented by solar cells or fuel cells or wing tip turbine generators 11. The assemblies 9, 31, 32, 33 are small to allow easy removal for maintenance and repair.