Abstract: An optical beam diagnostic device includes one or more sets of coherent optical fiber bundles, wherein one end of the coherent optical fiber bundles is arranged to receive optical information from a dynamic moving or static optical beam or beams, and the other end of the coherent optical fiber bundles is arranged to transmit the optical information to a sensor array. Data from the sensor array can then be simultaneously acquired by an analysis system and analyzed to determine one or more characteristics of the optical beam.

Abstract: An optical fiber 1 comprising a glass portion 2 having a core 2a and a cladding 2b, and one or more covering layers 3 formed around the glass portion 2, in which an arrangement form of the covering layer 3 with respect to the glass portion 2 in cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction thereof is changed continuously in the longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: A microstructured optical fiber has a core region with a material having a refractive index nco and a microstructured region surrounding the core region with a background material having a refractive index nm which is lower than the refractive index nco. The microstructured region has a plurality of microstructures having a refractive index different from the refractive index nm, wherein the distance ?? between the centers of any couple of adjacent microstructures is at least equal to about ?p and not higher than about 1.5?p, wherein ?p is the spatial variation length of the electric field intensity in the microstructured region.

Abstract: The present invention has a core and at least one cladding, where, by changing the temperature of the cladding, the material dispersion characteristic of the cladding is changed and a refractive index is varied to make fundamental-mode cutoff tunable as well; and the difference between dispersion slopes of core and cladding is crucial to the sharpness of the fundamental-mode cutoff.

Abstract: A mode field diameter of an optical fiber at a wavelength of 1300 nm is equal to or larger than 5.4 ?m. A light of a wavelength of 1250 nm is propagated through the optical fiber in a single mode. A bending loss of the optical fiber with a bending radius of 1 mm at the wavelength of 1300 nm is equal to or lower than 1 dB/turn.

Abstract: A single-mode optical fiber has a prescribed mode field diameter (MFD1 (?m)) at a first wavelength ?1, in which a bending loss when measured at a second wavelength ?2 (?m) and wound with a bending radius r (mm) is Lb (dB) for one bending, a connector/splice loss with an optical fiber that has a prescribed mode field diameter MFD2 (?m) at the first wavelength ?1 is Ls (dB) for one connection/splice point at the second wavelength ?2 (?m), and an mode field diameter dependence of a total loss coefficient calculated by a formula (1) has a local minimal value in a range of MFD1±0.5 ?m, with the formula (1) being as follows: L=ws·Ls+wb·Lb,??(1) ws+wb=1,??(2) ws>0, wb>0??(3) where ws and wb in the formula (1) represent dimensionless weighting factors and are set within a range that satisfies the formulas (2) and (3).

Abstract: An optical fiber having a cladding region surrounding a core region having an elongate core hole, the inner or outer surface of the core hole having a surface roughness with a spatial period equal to or less than 5 ?m by a spectral power below 0.0017 nm2 ?m?1. A method of making an optical fiber including a cladding region having an arrangement of elongate cladding holes in a matrix material, surrounding an elongate core region having an elongate core hole, the method including the step of increasing the surface tension of the matrix material prior to or during the step of heating and drawing the fiber.

Abstract: A multi step index optical fiber includes at least two concentrically arranged core portions, each having constant refractive index. The refractive indices of the core portions decrease toward the outer periphery of the optical fiber. The refractive indices of the core portions are set such that differences ?N between refractive indices of adjacent core portions are uniform, and the distribution of the refractive indices approximates a G power distribution. Thereby, bandwidths on the order of several GHz/l00 m can be realized.

Abstract: A technician's tool for installing and repairing fiber optic cables includes a tubular housing having an open, substantially bell-shaped head portion at an upper end. Positioned within the housing, proximal the bell-shaped head portion, is a light source with a lens superimposed thereon. The lens is divided into a plurality of adjacent sectors whereby every other sector is transparent while each sector therebetween is discretely colored. Rotatably mounted over the lens is a receiver plate with a plurality of hollow receiver posts extending therefrom; each receiver post is adapted to connect to a fiber optic cable connector. By rotating the receiver plate, the technician can either project white light beams or discretely colored light beams through the receiver posts, depending upon the application.

Abstract: Hybrid systems for managing wires and optical fibers include a first rack having trays for managing optical fibers, and a second rack proximate to the first rack. Modules are mounted to the second rack for managing wires. At least one of the racks is movable at least partially away from the other rack to provide access to both sides of each of the first and second racks.

Abstract: A lighting device comprises a light guide plate having a light incident surface and a light exit surface, at least one point light source for emitting light that is incident on the light incident surface of the light guide plate and is guided by the light guide plate to the light exit surface of the light guide plate, and micro-structures disposed on a surface of the light guide plate that is opposite to the light exit surface thereof for scattering light from the point light source that is incident on the light incident surface. A longitudinal direction of each of the micro-structures is substantially aligned with a direction in which the light from the point light source is incident on each of the micro-structures. Each of the micro-structures has an inclined surface for reflecting the incident light toward the light exit surface of the light guide plate.

Abstract: Various embodiments comprise light recycling films comprising an array of parallel ridges and grooves that form prisms that selectively reflect or transmit light. In some embodiments, the light recycling film may be used in displays that include spatial light modulators comprising a plurality of pixels. The light recycling film can limit the field-of-view of the display and enhance the luminance within that field-of-view. Various embodiments comprising multiple arrays of ridges and/or grooves can enhance uniformity of illumination of the pixels in the spatial light modulator and reduce Moiré effects.

Abstract: In an optical microscope, a pair of convergence/collimation lenses (5, 6) are arranged in the common optical axis of a light beam directed toward a sample (15) being observed through an objective lens (14) and a light beam radiated or reflected from the sample to pass through the objective lens respectively. A means (7) varying the phase of the transmitting light beam is varied within a specified range is provided between these lenses so that the sample is irradiated while being focused at a depth corresponding to the phase at the wave front of the light beam entering the objective lens.

Abstract: The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a die for molding an optical element. The manufacturing method comprising: forming the first film layer of an amorphous alloy having a super-cooling liquid phase onto a master transfer surface of a master die for molding a molding transfer surface of the die; heating the first film layer more than a glass transition point of the amorphous alloy having the super-cooling liquid phase while a surface of the first film layer and a transferred surface of a base material of the die being faced and pressed; and peeling the first film layer from the master die and transferring the first film layer onto the base material of the die to form the molding transfer surface of the die.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multi-channel stream recording/reproducing method and apparatus. The present multi-channel stream reproducing method checks whether or not reproduced multi-channel stream belongs to same broadcast (RF) channel, and deletes PSI (Program Specific Information) packets included in channel stream excluding one channel stream if it belongs to same RF channel, and makes new PSI packets with reference to PSI packets included in reproduced multi-channel stream to replace them, if not. Furthermore, the present method compensates appropriately PCRs (Program Clock References) included in channel stream excluding one channel stream in case of the latter. The present method enables a digital TV set to present multi-channel stream simultaneously in PIP (Picture-In-Picture) or multi-screen mode with no error in channel selection and presentation (or decoding) time.

Abstract: Systems and method for processing v-chip data for an MPEG-2 decoder with personal video recording functionality are provided. In one example, a system that processes V-Chip data with personal video recording functionality may include a data transport engine and a video decoder. The video decoder may be coupled to the data transport engine and may be adapted to parse out V-Chip data.

Abstract: Administration of storage space requirements on personal video recorders (“PVRs”), including recording a show having a storage space requirement, and incrementing the show's storage space requirement. Embodiments include tracking a recording period for the show and actual storage space used during the recording period; comparing the storage space used with an amount of storage space projected to be used during the tracked recording period; and incrementing the show's storage space requirement if the storage space used is greater than the storage space projected to be used. Embodiments include incrementing the show's storage space requirement in accordance with a predetermined overallocation rate. Embodiments include incrementing a show's storage space requirement in dependence upon genre.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a file-time-code (FTC) sort unit and a logical block number (LBN) scheduling unit. The FTC unit sorts data items recorded on an optical disk based on the playback times of the pieces of data. The LBN scheduling unit sorts the data items recorded by the FTC sort unit based on the recording positions of the data items on the optical disk. The LBN scheduling unit also uses the sorting result as the result of scheduling the order of reading the data items from the optical disk.

Abstract: A recording medium for storing virtual deletion information, and recording and/or reproducing method and apparatus therefor are provided. The recording medium includes a first region having a plurality of still pictures, and a second region having first virtual deletion information for the still pictures, and still picture group information for separating the still pictures in the first region into a predetermined maximum number of groups in order to manage the still pictures at a group level, wherein the first virtual deletion information is within the still picture group information, and if the first virtual deletion information is set to a virtual delete state, the corresponding still picture is not to be reproduced. Accordingly, file extent information can be prevented from excessively increasing by maximally preventing a recording area from being scattered, when some of a data file are deleted by a user's request.

Abstract: A signal receiving unit receives a signal including video data. A video data memory sequentially stores the video data. A timing decision unit decides a timing to generate a video summary by referring to the signal, and provides a generation request of the video summary at the timing. A summary method indication unit indicates a generation method of the video summary. A video summary generation unit generates the video summary from the video data by using the generation method in response to the generation request. A video summary play unit plays the video summary.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus of recording a directly-received digital television broadcast signal. This method demodulates a received high definition digital television broadcast signal, extracts transport stream belonging to a chosen channel among the demodulated data stream, analyzes data of the transport stream, extracts and creates data stream- and/or recording-related information, and writes the data stream- and/or recording-related information and the extracted transport stream to a recording medium in a format suitable to the extracted and created information. According to the present method and apparatus, it is possible to record a high definition digital television broadcast signal without any intermediary set top box to a high-density recording medium in the appropriate recording format as well as to conduct a trick play for recorded television broadcast signal smoothly with such recorded format and the data stream- and/or recording-related information.

Abstract: A recording apparatus which records a plurality of information data pieces in a built-in recording medium is provided with a display which displays a selection screen for selecting additional information pieces for managing a plurality of information data pieces recorded in the recording medium in a corresponding manner with the plurality of information data pieces, and a controller which records an additional information piece selected from the selection screen displayed in the display into the recording medium to correspond to the corresponding information data piece.

Abstract: The image pickup apparatus has a camera which encodes object image data, further comprises a recording unit 101 for recording image data, a connector 200 for connecting the camera with an expansion card 111 including a signal processor 701 for processing image data stored in the recording unit 101, and a memory and bus controller 102 for controlling image data, and the signal processor 701 controls so that program data transmitted from the camera 100 is written in a flash ROM 703 via an expansion bus interface 201.

Abstract: An AV Clip generated by multiplexing video and graphics streams is recorded on a BD-ROM. The graphics stream includes a plurality of DSs (Display Sets) which are each used for graphics display. The DS includes graphics data and a control segment that includes time stamps (DTS and PTS) for designating an active period of the control segment in the DS on a reproduction time axis of the video stream. When the active period of the control segment in the DS overlaps with an active period of a control segment in an immediately preceding DS, the time stamps designate the active period of the control segment in the DS to start at or after a time at which, during the active period of the control segment in the immediately preceding DS, transfer of graphics generated by decoding graphics data in the immediately preceding DS to an Object Buffer is completed.

Abstract: In order to present a video-recording system capable of managing a video material and meta data related to the video material in an integrated manner by directly linking the meta data to the video material, the video-recording system is provided with a meta data addition apparatus for adding the meta data to every frame of a video signal generated by an imaging apparatus as a video signal representing the video material and a VTR for recording the video signal including the additional meta data onto a recording medium. In such a configuration, concurrently with a shooting operation carried out by using the imaging apparatus, meta data related to a video signal generated in the shooting operation can be sequentially added to every frame of the video signal and, then, the video signal including the additional meta data can be sequentially recorded onto the recording medium.

Abstract: An apparatus for storing an MPEG-2 transport data stream with a conventional digital video (DV) recorder. The MPEG-2 transport stream data is inserted into a data block of a digital video (DV) frame. The DV frame is stored on the storage medium of the DV recorder. For playback, the stored DV frame can transferred to a receiver where the MPEG data is extracted, decoded and presented.

Abstract: A camera includes a dial body provided on a camera body to be manually rotatable; and a manual operation device, provided on the camera body separately from the dial body, for rotating the dial body.

Abstract: The signal relay apparatus has a plurality of photoelectric converters which convert an optical signal input from an electronic equipment (A-C) into an electric signal and outputs the same to the photoelectric converter (21-24), and which converts an electric signal input from another photoelectric converter and outputs the same to the corresponding electronic equipment; a plurality of switch circuits (31-34) which are provided at input and output ends of the electric signal of the photoelectric converter (21-23) and which are opened and closed to bypass the electric signal; and a power source supply section (41-43) which supplies a power source to the electronic equipment connected to the photoelectric converter.

Abstract: The method for operating an optical transponder, which performs maintenance of a signal in the optical transponder having a digital wrapper in an optical transmission system including multiple layers, includes (a) calling a processor for processing an interrupt when the interrupt is generated from the digital wrapper according to monitoring of a received signal; (b) the called processor detecting what defect is generated in the received signal and detecting whether or not the received signal requires maintenance; (c) performing defect processing in the case that a defect is detected at (b) or is cancelled; and (d) controlling the digital wrapper according to the defect and maintenance processing result.

Abstract: An optical shell node is provided with an ability to perform time switching on signals received from subtending edge nodes and channel switching on signals received from other shell nodes and destined for the subtending edge nodes. The signals received from the subtending edge nodes may be aggregated into signals that are channel switched by optical core nodes or by other shell nodes toward destination edge nodes. A resultant network formed of these shell nodes along with channel-switching core nodes and subtending-upon-shell-node edge nodes is capable of expansion beyond a continental scale, can support large numbers of edge nodes and has a higher bit rate capacity than known optical network structures.

Abstract: A modular cross connect system for optical telecommunication networks has the optical unit divided in at least two main bodies with one section for connection comprising the collimators and a main commutation section with MEMS devices. The first section is a fixed part while the second section is a readily removable section. The two sections face each other through a window and, in the first section, optics are provided for steering all or part of the optical signals from and to the main MEMS unit to a MEMS standby or protection plane to allow replacement of the main MEMS unit without interrupting service.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for utilizing tunable differential group delay with at least a component of a fiber optic transmission system includes providing a tunable differential group delay system that is optically connected to a component of the fiber optic transmission system. The tunable differential group delay system is then controlled to insert differential group delay into the component of the fiber optic transmission system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) that integrates broadcast and communication data, and transmit using WDM. An optical line terminal (OLT), connected to a broadcasting network and an Internet protocol (IP)-network, receives a digital broadcast signal from the broadcasting network and a first communication signal from the IP network, and transmits them as a single (broadcast/communication) integrated optical signal after photoelectric conversion, and further transfers a second communication signal from a service user to the IP network. An OLT/ONU on the user side transfers integrated optical signal from OLT to the user, and transfers channel-information data of a digital broadcast desired by the user and user data including the second communication signal from the user to the OLT. A first WDM demultiplexer WDM-demultiplexes the single signal and transfers it to the OLT/ONU. A first WDM multiplexer WDM-multiplexes the user data and transfers it to the OLT.

Abstract: A hub for use in a passive optical network (PON) includes a transmission fiber on which an information-bearing optical signal is received, a double-cladded, rare-earth doped fiber located along the transmission fiber for imparting gain to the information-bearing optical signal, and a combiner having an output coupled to the transmission fiber and a plurality of inputs. The output is coupled to the transmission fiber such that optical energy at pump energy wavelengths but not signal wavelengths are communicated therebetween. At least one pump source is optically coupled to one of the inputs of the combiner for providing optical pump energy to the double-cladded, rare-earth doped fiber. An optical splitter is also provided. The optical splitter has an input coupled to the transmission fiber for receiving an amplified, information-bearing optical signal and a plurality of outputs for directing portions of the amplified, information-bearing optical signal to remote nodes in the PON.

Abstract: A method and a system in which selected wavelengths of a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signal are modulated with multicast data for multicasting data services on an optical network. The WDM signal is received from a hub node of the optical network, such as a unidirectional ring network or a bi-directional ring network. A four-port wavelength crossbar switch (4WCS) selectably switches selected wavelengths from the optical network to a modulator loop. The modulator loop includes a multicast modulator that modulates the selected plurality of wavelengths with the multicast data. Each modulated wavelength is then switched back to the optical network by the 4WCS switch, and sent to a plurality of subscriber nodes of the optical network. This architecture allows a facility provider to be physically separated from a content provider, and affords the flexibility of selectively delivering multicast content to individual subscribers.

Abstract: A high-speed WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) system for extending a service area includes an optical fiber serving as a medium for transmitting data; a plurality of pico-nets each including a plurality of devices and a PNC (Pico-Net Coordinator) device for managing the devices; a plurality of two-way signal converters corresponding to the pico-nets, each of the signal converters adapted for converting an optical signal received from the optical fiber into an electrical signal to transmit the electrical signal to the pico-nets, and for converting an electrical signal received from each of the pico-nets into an optical signal to transmit the optical signal to the optical fiber. A plurality of connectors are attached to the optical fiber and the signal converters for transmitting signals input from the optical fiber and the signal converters bidirectionally.

Abstract: Apparatus, and a corresponding method, for spatially isolating a transmit beam and a receive beam, which, in satellite communication systems, are inherently separated by a look ahead angle. A receive beam separation mirror is positioned in the receive beam path but out of the transmit beam path, and the receive beam is reflected along a path separated from the transmit beam path. The mirror may be annular, allowing the transmit beam to be directed through the center of the mirror. In applications where a desired isolation angle is different from the look ahead angle, or where there is no look ahead angle, the receive beam separation mirror is used in conjunction with a dichroic beam splitter and at least one receive beam steering mirror, to achieve the desired angular separation.

Abstract: An optical transmission device for providing stable communication with a partner device by reducing errors in optical axis misalignment. Such errors are caused by uneven distribution of the light intensity in a received light beam resulting from atmospheric microscopic fluctuations. A cross pattern filter having at least two cross patterns is used at a partner transmission device side with respect to an incident direction detecting means, and arranged so that a cross pattern generated on the position detecting photodetector by the cross pattern filter and parting lines for dividing a position detecting photodetector do not overlap with each other, but intersect with each other.

Abstract: A single-to-multi mode converter and an optical code division multiple access system using the same. The mode converter includes first, second, and third optical waveguides. The first optical waveguide is formed of a single-mode optical fiber and outputs a single-mode optical signal. The second optical waveguide converts the single-mode optical signal output from the first optical waveguide to a multi-mode optical signal and allows the optical power of the single-mode optical signal to be coupled to each mode of the multi-mode optical signal. The third optical waveguide is formed of a multi-mode optical fiber and transmits the multi-mode optical signal output from the second optical waveguide.

Abstract: A dispersion compensating device having a VIPA plate which is an optical component, a lens, and a mirror includes high reflectivity side monitor means for monitoring the light that is input into the VIPA plate and emitted from the first reflecting surface. By this, the passage characteristics of the dispersion compensating device (VIPA) can be equalized to the input light wavelength (output wavelength of light transmitter) in a highly stable manner while restraining the loss of main signal light to the minimum.

Abstract: A system includes multiple agents coupled to an optical bus for transmission of high speed signals and to an electrical bus for transmission of low speed signals. The agents can be memory modules, such as DIMMs. An optical connector housing for coupling the agent to the optical bus can include a reflective device such a mirror, a semi reflective mirror, a pellicle beamsplitter, or the like. The low speed signals can be, for example, power, ground, and supervisory signals. The high speed signals can be, for example, data, address, control, and clock signals.

Abstract: Apparatus for creating a communication signal, comprising a modulator adapted to: modulate a first and a second beam of continuous wave electromagnetic radiation with a source signal, assemble modulated portions of the first and second beams into a first electromagnetic radiation signal of interposed regular and alternate data bit sequences comprising asserted non return to zero coded data bits, each of the data bit sequences being interposed by unasserted data bits, in which mutually adjacent asserted data bits are conjoined, and assemble modulated portions of the first and second beams into a second electromagnetic radiation signal of interposed regular and alternate data bar bit sequences comprising asserted non return to zero coded data bar bits representing the unasserted data bits, each of the data bar bit sequences being interposed by unasserted data bar bits representing the asserted data bits, in which mutually adjacent asserted data bar bits are conjoined.

Abstract: Different techniques for generating spectrally efficient carrier-suppressed modulated optical signals, also known as “phase-shaped binary transmission” (PSBT) signals, employ electrical components that generate only 2-level or binary signals, in contrast to techniques that require 3-level electrical drivers. The PSBT modulators can be used with return-to-zero (RZ) modulators for generating RZ-PSBT signals, which have the characteristic of even greater spectral efficiency than NRZ PSBT signals. The technique is generalized to RZ signals with an arbitrary phase difference between pulses. These signals can be generated by shifting the central (carrier) frequency of an RZ modulated optical signal, which can be done using a certain phase modulation or using spectral filtering with a passband offset from the center (carrier) frequency of the modulated optical signal, and the signals can also be generated by phase modulation at a frequency lower than the signaling rate of the modulated signal.

Abstract: A wavelength stabilizing filter has a wavelength transmission characteristic curve that has its peak in a wavelength located between a first continuous set band and a second continuous set band longer in wavelength than the first set band, and that linearly drops from the peak toward the shorter wavelength side than the first set band and also toward the longer wavelength side longer than the second set band. A control unit generates a control signal needed to enable an optical tunable filter to extract signal light with a predetermined wavelength from an inputted WDM signal, based on light transmitted through the wavelength stabilizing filter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to provide bandwidth control in a high speed line driver circuit is described.

Abstract: An optical receiver includes a light-receiving part and a control part. The light-receiving part includes an APD, a PIN-PD, and a branching optical device. First signal light is incident on the light-receiving part and is divided into second signal light and third signal light which are incident on the APD and the PIN-PD, respectively, by the branching optical device. Due to this structure, the third signal light is incident on the PIN-PD without the quantity thereof being varied depending on the polarization state of the first signal light. The control part generates a supply voltage at which a desired avalanche multiplication factor is obtained in the APD on the basis of the output current from the PIN-PD. According to the above-described structure, the avalanche multiplication factor of the APD is accurately controlled on the basis of the output current of the PIN-PD.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a visible image forming device for forming a visible image on a recording material in a visible image forming area, a supplying device provided with a containing portion for containing the recording material therein, and for supplying the recording material from the containing portion to the visible image forming area, a conveying device for conveying the recording material from the visible image forming area to the containing portion, and an executing device for executing a mode in which the supplying device supplies the recording material having the visible image formed thereon to the visible image forming area, the visible image forming device forms a visible image so as to superimpose it on the visible image formed on the recording material, and the conveying device conveys the recording material having the visible images formed thereon in superimposing relationship with each other to the containing portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotary unit having a plurality of development devices provided around a rotary shaft, the development device having a constituent unit, wherein: a plurality of the development devices sequentially move to a development position, where the development devices oppose an image carrier by rotation of the rotary unit, and a development device located at the development position develops an electrostatic latent image on the image carrier; each of the plurality of development devices has a state detection unit that detects at least one of a state of the development device and a state of a constituent unit of the development device; and the state detection unit of each of the development devices performs state detection when the development device having the state detection unit is located at the development position.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a transparent or semitransparent window is formed in a developing device or a process cartridge to allow one to see the inside of the developing device via the window from the outside. The window may preferably be formed in the top wall of the developing unit or that of the process cartridge.

Abstract: A fixing device for fixing an image formed on a recording material includes a fixing member and a pressing member which are rotatable to pass the recording material having an image through their nip part, a heating part that heats the fixing member, a storage unit that is charged by an external power source to supply power to the heating part, and a control unit that controls the external power source and the storage unit to supply power to the heating part without rotating the fixing member and pressing member at a time of warming-up the fixing member by the heating part in a first case. The control unit further controls the external power source to supply power to the heating part and controls the storage unit so as not to supply power to the heating part while rotating the fixing member and the pressing member in a second case.