Abstract: The present invention provides a signal converting apparatus with built-in self test, including a first signal converting circuit, a second signal converting circuit, a comparing apparatus, a control logic apparatus and a voltage divider. The first and the second signal converting circuit take a first and a second reference voltage and are respectively controlled by a first and second set of control signals from the control logic apparatus for the comparing apparatus to generate a comparing result.

Abstract: A technique for reducing errors in a PTIC (parallel, time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter) consisting of M ADCs involves sampling an input signal with the PTIC and performing M different DFTs, one for each ADC. Elements of the M DFTs are grouped together according to bin number. If all elements corresponding to the same bin number exceed a predetermined threshold, the elements are multiplied by correction matrices to yield corrected, DFT terms for a reconstructed power spectrum. If they do not exceed the threshold, DFT elements are processed to produce uncorrected DFT terms for the reconstructed power spectrum.

Abstract: An integration type A/D converter in which a dynamic range is enlarged while keeping a simple circuit configuration is provided. Offset potential of an integrator is to be variable. Specifically, offset potential in proportion to input potential is supplied to the integrator. Since an operation point of the integrator is changed in accordance with the input potential, a dynamic range can be enlarged. Further, reference potential input to the integrator in discharging is to be variable. Specifically, reference potential having a constant difference from the offset potential is input to the integrator. Accordingly, time necessary for discharging and the input potential are in proportion, so that a simple circuit configuration which is one feature of the integration type ADC can be maintained.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the conversion of analog signals into digital signals using second order or higher sigma-delta modulators in pipelined or cyclic architectures.

Abstract: A system comprising includes a clock generator module, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a correction module. The clock generator module receives a system clock and generates a digital clock that is derived from the system clock, wherein the digital clock has an average frequency. The clock generator module generates a deviation indication that indicates a deviation of the digital clock from an ideal clock of the average frequency. The ADC receives an analog signal, receives the digital clock, and generates a first stream of values by sampling the analog signal at intervals based on the digital clock. The correction module receives the first stream of values and generates a second stream of values that are corrected based on the deviation indication.

Abstract: A driving device for driving an image display system, which sequentially receives input image data corresponding to gradation of each pixel of a display image and outputs a driving voltage signal includes: an operation section for obtaining output image data of which a bit number is smaller than a bit number of the input image data based on input image data of a target pixel to be processed and input image data of a pixel in vicinity of the target pixel; a reference voltage generation section for generating a plurality of reference voltages of different levels; and a reference voltage selection section for selecting one of the plurality of reference voltages. The operation section is configured to obtain output image data of the target pixel so that a difference between the input image data and output image data of the target pixel and a difference between the input image data and output image data of the pixel in vicinity of the target pixel cancel out each other.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for providing electronic dispersion compensation. In one embodiment an apparatus may include an analog-to-digital converter and a plurality of adaptive filters arranged in parallel. The analog-to-digital converter may output blocks of samples, associated portions of which may be provided as inputs to the filters. Data combining circuitry may receive each of the associated outputs and provide a digital signal output. Of course, many alternatives, variations, and modifications are possible without departing from this embodiment.

Abstract: A first Delayed Flip Flop includes a first D input terminal, a first clock input terminal, a first output terminal outputting a signal inputted to the first D input terminal based on the clock signal, and a first inversion output terminal inverting and outputting the signal inputted to the first D input terminal and outputting the signal to the first D input terminal as a feedback. A second Delayed Flip Flop includes a second D input terminal receiving the output from the first output terminal of the first Delayed Flip Flop, a second clock input terminal, and a second output terminal outputting the signal inputted to the second D input terminal as a first output based on the clock signal. A third Delayed Flip Flop includes a third D input terminal receiving the output from the first inversion output terminal of the first Delayed Flip Flop, a third clock input terminal, and a third output terminal outputting the signal inputted to the third D input terminal as a second output based on the clock signal.

Abstract: An on die thermal sensor (ODTS) in a memory device includes: a band gap unit for detecting a temperature of the memory device to output a first voltage corresponding to the temperature; and an analog-to-digital converting unit for outputting a digital code having temperature information based on the first voltage, the digital code having varied resolution according to temperature ranges.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter with calibration is provided. The converter includes at least one conversion unit. The conversion unit includes a comparator, a control unit, a count unit, and a calibration unit. The comparator compares the voltage of the first input terminal with the voltage of the second input terminal and outputs a comparison result. The control unit outputs a control signal according to a comparison result of the comparator and a selecting signal. The count unit performs a count operation according to the control signal and outputs a count result. The calibration unit provides a reference voltage to the second input terminal of the comparator, and adjusts the level of the reference voltage according to the count result of the count unit. Thus, reference voltage is included inside each conversion unit and conventional resistor ladder producing reference voltage can be removed.

Abstract: A universal remote control device effects a same function on a plurality of different remotely controlled devices. The device has a housing, an actuator within the housing, a database of encoded signals for effecting the same function on the plurality of different remotely controlled devices; and a signal emitter configured to emit the encoded signals so as to effect the same function for each of the plurality of different devices in response to actuation of the actuator with no more than ½ second between each encoded signal.

Abstract: A method for coding an output signal of a sensor of an apparatus for determining a rotation angle of a shaft, in particular of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, the shaft being joined to a sensor wheel having teeth and tooth gaps having an asymmetrical pitch, and the sensor wheel having associated with it at least one differential sensor encompassing two sensor elements, the differential sensor generating an output signal that is a difference of signals of the two sensor elements, the output signal being a square-wave signal that can assume a first value or a second value. The rotation direction of the shaft, as well as a pitch ratio of a tooth sweeping past the sensor with respect to an adjacent tooth gap, are ascertained from the signals of the two sensor elements, and the rotation direction as well as the pitch are coded as a pulse width coded output signal.

Abstract: A method according to the present invention includes transmitting a Mode S interrogation and receiving a response from an aircraft that has received the Mode S interrogation. A range to the aircraft is determined based on a time period between transmitting the Mode S interrogation and receiving the response. The method further includes receiving information from one or more data sources and determining at least one of a bearing to the aircraft and a position of the aircraft using the determined range and the information from the one or more data sources. Information can be received from any number (or type) of data sources, such as ADS-B-equipped aircraft.

Abstract: An airport surface detector and control system to detect aircraft, vehicles, and other objects moving on concerned pathways of the airport, including at least a Central Processing Unit and Central Surveillance/Control Unit. The system comprises at least a laser-scanning head at the entry of the pathways, and able to cooperate to identify the moving object on its pathway, integrated by a plurality of ground laser-detector units distributed along the pathway and placed one in front of the other. Each ground detector unit contains at least a laser emitter or a laser receiver and one laser ray is emitted from each head against the other head, in a parallel close way, in order to be able to detect interruption of one and/or the other laser-ray.

Abstract: A radar device has a light projecting circuit for projecting light to an object. Reflected light from the object is received by a first light receiving circuit and a second light receiving circuit and converted into signals. The first and second light receiving circuits each have an activity range in which the outputted signal is proportional to the logarithm of the quantity of received light. The activity range of the first light receiving circuit is lower than the activity range of the second light receiving circuit.

Abstract: A radar device includes a light projecting part for projecting light to an object, first and second light receiving elements each for outputting a signal according to the quantity of received light flux, and an optical system having a first optical path and a second optical path for guiding reflected light from the object respectively to the first light receiving element and to the second light receiving element. The optical system guides more light flux to the first optical path than to the second optical path corresponding to an incident light flux to the radar device.

Abstract: A combination laser system and global navigation satellite system has a laser detector positioned in a known and fixed relationship with the nominal phase center of an included global navigation satellite antenna. The outputs of the laser system and the global navigation satellite system are used together to determine position.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp 1 including a lamp unit 13 provided inside a lamp chamber 7 so that the optical axis direction of lamp unit 13 is adjustable with the use of a tilting movement adjustment mechanism 15. The lamp chamber 7 is formed by a lamp body 3 and a transparent front cover 5 attached to the front opening of the lamp body 3, while the lamp unit 13 is formed by a reflector 9 and a light source 11. A millimeter wave radar device 25 is installed in the vehicular lamp, and it is composed of a controlling unit 25B and an antenna unit 25A that are provided separately from each other so that the controlling unit is attached to the lamp body and the antenna unit is attached to the lamp unit.

Abstract: Provided is a radar device includes a transmitting unit, a receiving unit for receiving the electromagnetic wave reflected by a target object of the transmission electromagnetic wave, a target object measuring unit for measuring at least a distance between the radar device and the target object on the basis of the transmission and reception electromagnetic waves, a transmission output control unit (S1, S2) for stopping or reducing a transmission output of the transmitting unit under a predetermined condition, a transmission output control function abnormality determining unit (S3 to S6) for determining that the transmission output control unit is abnormal upon receiving the reception electromagnetic wave having an intensity exceeding a predetermined threshold value even at the time of one of stop and reduction of the transmission output, and an abnormality determination time processing unit (S7) for stopping a power supply of the radar device when an abnormality is determined.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a DVOR apparatus includes a main device outputting a radio frequency (RF) signal, a distributor distributing the RF signal output from a main device into a plurality of systems, and sideband antennas radiating the RF signal, wherein, the main device includes a RF signal output unit outputting the RF signal, a measuring unit measuring power levels of reflected waves, a determining unit determining presence or absence of faulty power levels from the measurement results, a generating unit generating selection signals to control selections of outputs of the RF signal for the distributor, a comparison unit comparing the selection signals with the determining results, and a specifying unit specifying faulty sideband antennas and a faulty transmission path of the RF signal among the main device and the distributor from the comparison results.

Abstract: A system, according to various aspects of the present invention, provides a presentation to a hazard display. The system includes a memory having surveillance data and a processor. The processor updates an image in accordance with the surveillance data to provide an updated image. The processor also prepares a presentation in accordance with the updated image. The processor further provides the presentation to a hazard display. At least one of updating, preparing, and providing utilize a first scan mode for a hazardous region of the presentation and a second scan mode for a nonhazardous region of the presentation.

Abstract: A method for creating minimal data representing a source image is presented. The source image is divided into a grid of cells. A color is selected for each cell corner based on sampling an area defined by the cell corner. An indication of the selected color is stored in an array dependent on the co-ordinates of the cell corner in the source image.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for acquisition of GPS signals and a GPS receiver with sample time error and frequency offset compensation are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed. In some embodiments, GPS signals are resampled at a plurality of sample rates for each of a plurality of predetermined frequency offsets to compensate for sample time error and frequency offset of a crystal oscillator. The resampled GPS signals may be cross correlated for each of the predetermined frequency offsets. In some embodiments, the sample time error and the frequency offset of the crystal oscillator may substantially exceed a time and frequency drift of reference clocks on GPS satellites.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for determining a position of a mobile satellite positioning system (SPS) receiver which is coupled to a communication receiver or transceiver. In one exemplary method, a change in a communication signal received by the communication receiver is determined. A parameter, based on the change, is determined, and SPS signals from SPS satellites are processed according to the parameter. According to further details of this method, the change involves the fluctuation of the level of the communication signal and the parameter is a motion information which specifies a frequency range for searching for SPS signals in the process of acquiring the SPS signals from SPS satellites. In an alternative embodiment the change in the communication signal is a change in the transmitted signal in response to power control commands. Apparatuses, such as a mobile communication system which includes an SPS receiver and a communication receiver, are also described.

Abstract: A positioning apparatus is disclosed, which comprises: a position detection module, including an inertial sensor, a magnetometer, and a global positioning device, being used for detection a movement of an object and thus generating a positioning signal accordingly; wherein the positioning signal is transmitted to a control unit and then to a signal processing device where it is being processed and converted into an angular/displacement signal to be transmitted to a monitoring device by way of a signal transmission device for enabling the monitoring device to track the movement of the object. In a preferred embodiment, both of the monitoring device and the signal transmission device are respectively being configured with a displaying unit for displaying the movement of the object. In addition, the positioning apparatus further comprises an identity module, for providing a unique identification code to the object to be used for identifying the same.

Abstract: A GPS position-measuring device includes a altitude-information memory for storing altitude information of a moving object, a combination determining unit for determining GPS-satellite combinations from GPS satellites that can be tracked, a position measuring unit for measuring a GPS based or GPS derived three-dimensional position of the moving object for each GPS-satellite combination, and a difference extracting unit for determining a difference in altitude between GPS derived altitude information contained in the measured GPS related three-dimensional position and the altitude information supplied from the altitude-information memory.

Abstract: An array antenna system is provided. The array antenna system includes a plurality of antenna elements which are arranged at intervals in rows and in columns; and a control means which selectively operates at least two antenna elements of the plurality of the antenna elements according to a direction of received radio signals.

Abstract: The invention, in its various aspects and embodiments, comprises a variety methods and apparatuses. The methods variously determine the delay (or phase shift) in each element of a phased array to simultaneously form, steer and/or combine a set of beam shapes. The apparatuses include apparatuses that implement the methods as well as apparatuses that employ such methods. The invention also includes a beam controlled by such methods.

Abstract: A radar apparatus is provided which includes a plurality of antennas arranged at unequally spaced intervals in a single row, the plurality of antennas configured to transmit a radio wave as transmitting antennas during continued multiple periods, and receive a reflected radio wave as receiving antennas during the continued multiple periods. A plurality of transceivers are included for transmitting a radio wave from the transmitting antennas and receiving received signals from the receiving antennas, said received signals representing the reflected wave received at the receiving antennas. A signal processing unit is included for selecting a transceiver which transmits a radio wave during each of the continue multiple periods, selecting transceivers which receive the received signals from the receiving antennas during each of the continued multiple periods, and perform digital beam forming with a first receiving signal channel group and a second receiving signal channel group.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for generating beamformed multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The method comprises receiving by a base station (BS) a first plurality of receiving signals transmitted from a first antenna on a mobile station (MS), receiving by the BS a second plurality of receiving signals transmitted from a second antenna on the MS, nulling out a first predetermined percentage of the second plurality of receiving signals to generate a third plurality of receiving signals, calculating a first beamforming weighting vector corresponding to the first antenna on the MS using the first and third pluralities of receiving signals and creating a first beamformed MIMO channel from the BS to the first antenna on the MS using the first beamforming weighting vector.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method utilizing correlation interferometer direction finding for determining the azimuth and elevation to an aircraft at long range and flying at low altitudes above water with a transmitting radar while resolving multipath signals. The signals from the radar are received both directly and reflected from the surface of the water using horizontally polarized and vertically polarized antenna arrays, are digitized and are stored in separate covariant matrices. Eigenvalues for the eigenvectors of the matrices processed on signal samples recorded on horizontally polarized X arrays are compared to the eigenvalues for the eigenvectors of the covariance matrices processed on signal samples recorded on vertically polarized X arrays. Incident field polarization is associated with the antenna array measurements that yield the strongest eigenvalue. The eigenvector and eigenvalues for the strongest signal are selected and used for subsequent signal processing.

Abstract: Iterative geolocation of a stationary RF emitter through the use of TDOA may include the use of a single portable geolocation (e.g., TDOA) sensor, a pair of portable geolocation sensors and three of more portable geolocation sensors. Adding portable geolocation sensors to the iterative process reduces the constraints on the signals to be located as well as providing a reduction in the number of iterations required to obtain improved location accuracy.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for locating a terminal in a broadband wireless communication system are provided. The apparatus for locating the terminal includes a candidate region determiner, a virtual location determiner, and a final location determiner. The candidate region determiner determines a candidate region of the terminal by using tag signal arrival time information of the terminal provided from a plurality of readers. The virtual location determiner determines a virtual location of the terminal in the candidate region in consideration of a propagation delay of the tag signal. The final location determiner predicts a tag signal arrival time from the virtual location and determines the virtual location as the final location if a difference between the predicted tag signal arrival time and a measured tag signal arrival time is less than or equal to a threshold value. The apparatus and method provide a less expensive and less complex locating system.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of electromagnetic detection systems operating in bistatic mode, in particular to UHF/VHF bistatic radars. The method according to the invention consists in the simultaneous use of signals transmitted by one or more transmitting sources on separate frequency channels. The method includes a step of multichannel reception and separating channels. Additionally, the method includes a step of analysis of the signals received channel by channel, wherein the analysis is performed by correlation of the signals received with copies of the time and frequency shifted reference signals. The reference signals are constituted by the signals received from transmitting sources by direct transmission with a step of integration of the signals analysed, channel by channel, and a step of detection.

Abstract: A method and system for extensible positioning that uses a primary reference node at a known first position and a secondary reference node at a second position, where a range is measured between the secondary reference node and the primary reference node. The second position is determined based upon the first position and the measured range. A second range is measured between the secondary reference node and a non-fixed node. A third position corresponding to the non-fixed node is determined based upon the second position and the second range.

Abstract: Electronic devices and methods for their formation are described. One device relates to an electronic assembly including a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The electronic assembly also includes at least one RF front-end module coupled to the first surface of the substrate, and a ground plane layer positioned on the second surface of the substrate. The electronic assembly also includes an insulating layer on the ground plane layer, with the ground plane layer positioned between the second surface and the insulating layer. In addition, the electronic assembly also includes an antenna layer on the insulating layer, with the insulating layer positioned between the antenna layer and the ground plane layer.

Abstract: An antenna structure (200) includes a counterpoise ground plane (202) with a pair of opposing inverted-F elements (204, 206). Each of the F elements has a closed end (208, 210) that is impedance-coupled to the ground plane. A conductive cross member (216) coupled the closed ends together, and a feed point (218) is located on the cross member.

Abstract: A mobile terminal that may reduce a specific absorption rate (SAR) includes a case, a circuit board in the case, a ground in the circuit board, an antenna pattern, and a ground pattern spaced apart from the antenna pattern and made of a material that absorbs electromagnetic waves. The ground pattern is connected to the ground of the circuit board or an auxiliary ground.

Abstract: An microstrip antenna is provided. A microstrip antenna includes a first substrate with a first surface and a second surface paralleled to each other, a metal ground plane with an aperture deposed on the first surface and exposed parts of the first substrate via the aperture and a metal feed line deposed on the second surface, the metal feed line has at least two intersections with the aperture on a horizontal projection plane, in order to feed a signal received or transmitted by the microstrip antenna.

Abstract: A printed antenna (10) disposed on a substrate (90) includes a feeding portion (12), an antenna body (16), a first grounded portion (20), a second grounded portion (30), and a matching portion (14). The feeding portion feeds electromagnetic signals. The antenna body electronically connected to the feeding portion transmits and receives electromagnetic signals, and includes a first radiation portion (162), a pair of second radiation portions (164), and a pair of third radiation portions (166). The first radiation portion, the second radiation portions, and the third radiation portions co-form, a “D” shape with an indentation in a straight side of the “D” shape which extends into a middle of the “D” shape. The first grounded portion and the second grounded portion are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the feeding portion. The matching portion is disposed on one side of the feeding portion, and located adjacent to the first grounded portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wireless transmit/receive unit, comprising a feeding connecting line, a first radiating line, a second radiating line, a third radiating line and a fourth radiating line, wherein the third radiating line is longer than the first radiating line and the first radiating line is longer than the second radiating line that provides different current paths for getting a broader bandwidth. The first, second and third radiating lines are connected parallel for enhancing an antenna pattern being perpendicular thereto, and form a series capacity between the first and the third radiating lines. The fourth radiating line vertically connects between the third radiating line and a grounding line for forming a grounding capacity. The printed antenna can be reduced in size by the effect of the two capacities. The wireless transmit/receive unit can provide a better isolation with others by the direction enforced pattern and the reduced size.

Abstract: The present invention describes a tunable micro-antenna of reduced electrical dimensions. This antenna consists of the agglutination of several substrate layers (11), identical or distinct, with electrical, thermal and mechanical properties compatible with the manufacturing processes of integrated circuits. These layers are interleaved with metallic sheets (12) that are interconnected by metallized walls or vias, in such a way that they form a radiating structure (15) and a ground plane (14). The radiating structure includes slots in one or more levels, therefore allowing a greater reduction of the antennas' electrical length. These slots may include switches, used to render the antenna tunable.

Abstract: A wireless communications antenna system (100) includes a main circuit element (102) having a feed device (104) with an active port (108) and a grounding port (110), where the grounding port is coupled to a grounding device (106) of the main circuit element, a generally planar antenna element (112) having a feeding portion (114) coupled to the active port of the feed device, where the antenna element is electrically ungrounded, and a generally planar secondary circuit element (116) having a grounding portion (118) coupled to the grounding device. The secondary circuit element is positioned in proximity to the antenna element and the antenna element and the secondary circuit element are generally parallel and separated by a gap (X). Further, at least a portion of the secondary circuit element at least partially overlaps the antenna element.

Abstract: A wall element for emitting high-frequency radiation for an aircraft comprises an antenna device. The antenna device is adapted for emitting high frequency radiation. Furthermore, the antenna device is integrated in the wall element.

Abstract: Antenna constructions for electronic devices and methods of manufacturing such antenna constructions. The electronic device comprises a transponder and an antenna electrically coupled with the transponder. The antenna has a core of a first material and a coating of a second material on the core. The second material has a higher electrical conductivity than the first material and/or a lower permeability than the first material. The coating on the core also has a predetermined thickness. The electronic devices may be used in tires.

Abstract: A defogger is disposed in or on a rear window glass sheet. The rear window glass sheet has an H-oriented antenna conductor for frequency band H higher than frequency band L, an L-oriented antenna conductor for frequency band L, and a feeding point disposed in a blank space thereof above the defogger therein or thereon, the feeding point being connected to the H-oriented antenna conductor and the L-oriented antenna conductor, the H-oriented antenna conductor comprising H-oriented antenna elements, the L-oriented antenna conductor comprising L-oriented antenna elements and a directivity-adjusting antenna element, the directivity-adjusting antenna element being connected to the L-oriented antenna elements, a first H-oriented antenna element and a first L-oriented antenna element being capacitively coupled, and a second H-oriented antenna element and a second L-oriented antenna element being capacitively coupled.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna includes a non-conductive pane, a ground plane disposed on the non-conductive pane, and a radiating strip for operating in a plurality of frequency bands. The radiating strip includes an elongated portion and a meander line portion extending away from an end of the elongated portion. The radiating strip also includes a pair of tuning stubs extending from the elongated portion.

Abstract: An antenna includes a non-conductive pane, a ground plane disposed on the non-conductive pane, and a radiating strip disposed on the non-conductive pane for operating in a plurality of frequency bands. The radiating strip defines a plurality of loops. A portion of a periphery of one of the loops coincides with at least a portion of a periphery of another of the loops. The radiating strip also includes at least one branch extending away from the periphery of one of the loops to allow tuning and shifting of the resonant frequencies of the antenna.

Abstract: The effective bandwidth of a dynamically adjustable antenna with a narrow natural bandwidth delineated by a first frequency change can be moved from the natural bandwidth to another narrow bandwidth of interest within a wide band spectrum using a tuning circuit. The tuning circuit controllably changes an effective impedance of the antenna to tune the antenna to the bandwidth of interest. During operation, the signal strength of a received signal within the bandwidth of interest is measured, and the resulting signal strength measurements are used by a processor to adjust the tuning circuit, thereby tuning the antenna to a desired center frequency within the bandwidth of interest.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controllably moving a plurality of antennae in a wireless communications system. The method comprises activating a first and second actuator associated with a first and second one of the plurality of antennae to move the first and second antennae to a desired position. The power delivered to the first and second actuators is measured, and at least one parameter of at least one of the first and second actuators is reduced in response to the measured power being greater than a setpoint.