Abstract: Devices, systems and methods of using an ergonomic fore grip/gun handle with a concealable and collapsible bipod. One version can have a tubular recess consisting of a first cylindrical cutout housing the bipod legs when concealed and a sliding piston that deploys the legs and a second cylindrical cutout housing a release mechanism and a void space for other accessories. The release mechanism has a compression spring positioned between the piston assembly and the bottom of the first cylindrical cutout and the compression spring. The legs are connected to the bottom of the piston assembly via a hinge and spring that when released from confinement within the fore grip, causes the legs to expand outward until fully deployed. Telescoping legs allow adjustment of leg length for use on uneven terrain. The grip portion has an outer surface with a flat surface on sides of the grip to provide a more stable grip, assist in orienting the mounted weapon and support pressure pads for lights.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tape measure apparatus including an adapter having a first portion, which is sized and shaped so as to be attached to a butt end of a fishing pole, and a second portion, which is attached to the first portion. The tape measure apparatus is provided with a tape measure device sized and shaped such that the tape measure device can be removably attached to the adapter. In this manner, conventional fishing poles can be retrofitted with the tape measure device.

Abstract: A unitary, rotational, and collapsible luring dredge capable is rapid and convenient assembly for use and collapse for storage is provided, as are methods and kits for use.

Abstract: A bait hook for constructing a stinger rig includes a hook proximal end including a primary leader engaging first ring eye; a hook shank including a shank connecting segment extending distally from the first ring eye and a shank hook segment arching laterally from the shank connecting segment, and a hook distal end; and a second ring eye extending from the hook shank for engaging a trailer leader for connecting the bait hook to a trailer bait hook.

Abstract: A trap is provided particularly for yellowjacket wasps. The trap includes an outer enclosure with a funnel therein dividing the enclosure into a first chamber and a second chamber. A tip of the funnel has an opening which allows yellowjackets to pass from the first chamber to a second chamber, where the yellowjackets become trapped. The enclosure includes legs which allow the trap to rest upon an underlying surface. Entry holes extend into the first chamber. These entry holes are at least partially visible from a side of the trap. A top cap preferably forms a portion of the second chamber and can be removably replaced so that trapped yellowjackets can be dumped and the trap reused. An attractant is provided within a cartridge which is removably attached through a port in the enclosure, so that the cartridge can be replaced when original attractant is depleted.

Abstract: A hydroponic conduit can be converted to drainage conduit by providing an attachment on which a plant container can be supported. The attachment comprises a circular plate on which the plant containers sits, drainage means (ribs, grooves etc.) and a central aperture in the circular plate to allow water to drain from the circular plate, and a short collar or spout on the bottom of the circular plate which passes into an opening in the hydroponic conduit to allow water to drain into the conduit. A second support means can be provided which is attached to the hydroponic conduit and which provides additional support to the attachment.

Abstract: A security shutter system for providing security against forced entry through a window. The security shutter system includes a securing frame being coupled to a wall of the structure around the window. A shutter frame is pivotally coupled to the securing frame and is selectively pivoted over the securing frame and secured to the securing frame over the window. The shutter frame is designed for inhibiting access into the structure through the window when the shutter frame is positioned over the window. A plurality of slat members are pivotally coupled to the shutter frame. Each of the slat members is selectively pivoted between a vertical orientation and a horizontal orientation. Each of the slat members controls light passage and visibility through the window.

Abstract: A latching system for a double-hung window including upper latches and anti-bow latches where the upper latches and the anti-bow latches are operated by a common activating mechanism for ease of use of the window. A single activating mechanism may be utilized for latches on both sides of a window, or separate activating mechanisms may be used for each side of the window.

Abstract: A sound absorbing panel comprising a generally rectangular mat of sound absorbing material, a plastic non woven covering at the frontal mat surface facing towards the sound insulated space and a sheet metal plate covering at the rear. The sheet metal plate covering extends outwardly perimetrically around the mat and forms uniformly sized flange extensions bent inwardly by 180° to form lip portions and corresponding recessions between the flange extensions and associated lip portions. Four Z section edge members are employed, one for each of the four lateral sides of the mat, each Z section edge member comprising a base portion abutting the lateral side of the mat and two spaced apart flange portions projecting in opposite directions from the base portion, one of these flange portions entering within the abovementioned recessions of the sheet metal plate covering wherein it is being pressed to form a compact frame structure perimetrically around the sound absorbing panel.

Abstract: A wall and buttress construction for swimming pools in which deck support extensions can be secured to the top of the buttresses. The wall includes a plurality of panels having end flanges at the sides of the panels, and a double slotted peg is provided. One of the slots is shorter to receive a wedge when a peg is placed through two abutting panel end flanges, and the other slot being longer to accommodate a wedge when the peg is being used to join a brace as well as two abutting end flanges. The end flanges have elongated openings therethrough for receiving the pegs that are oriented diagonally, rather than either vertically or horizontally. The elongated openings, pegs and wedges are easily visible/accessible for inserting pegs as a result of the diagonal orientation.

Abstract: An endpiece and method for siding a wall to simulate wood log construction are described. A generally cylindrical core (101) of the endpiece (100) has a curved surface (103), and a flat surface (105). A decorative skin (111) attached to the curved surface (103) has a cross-sectional arc that is greater than one hundred and eighty degrees. When an endpiece (100) is installed on a plank (200), a spline (117) that attaches along a lateral edge (109) of the endpiece interlocks with a bottom spline (215) of a plank (200). Also, a first offset (113) of the decorative skin (111) engages an upper lateral edge (207) of the plank (200). An end cap (301) attaches to a surface formed by an endpiece surface (305) and a plank surface (307).

Abstract: The log hanger assembly includes a first saddle support, a second saddle support and a saddle member that is pivotally attached to both saddle support. The first and second saddle support include arcuate base plates that are arcs about a log axis with an arc radius that is substantially equal to the log radius of the log to which the base plate and extends outward from the convex side of each base plate. The saddle member is pivotally attached to the posts of the saddle. The saddle member extends 180 degrees around a rafter or moist and has a saddle member axis that is substantially perpendicular to an axis of a log to which the saddle supports are attached.

Abstract: A modular building comprising: a foundation floor having secured therein a plurality of anchor elements; a plurality of wall-retaining track elements adapted to engage wall panels of the building, the track elements being securable to the foundation floor so as to define the position of at least the load bearing walls of the building; wall panels locatable with respect to the track elements, each panel including at least one channel or duct formed therein parallel to a longitudinal axis thereof and at least one channel or duct formed therein disposed perpendicularly to and laterally of the longitudinal axis; and a plurality of securing members adapted to pass through and locatable within said channels or ducts, the securing members being anchored at each end thereof so as to maintain the panels in fixed relationship to one another.

Abstract: Structures are described that create spaces while installing anchor sheet and attachment piece subfloors, but which allow for the expansion and contraction of anchor sheets after installation. The structures may be used on either the attachment pieces, anchor sheets or both. In one embodiment, the structure is a deformable margin; in another embodiment, the structure is a pull-away strip.

Abstract: A cabinet dryer door includes a truss attached to the door to establish seal compression for adequate sealing of the door against the drying cabinet. The inner door has spacers molded into the inner door. The truss cooperates with the spacers to bias the door against the seal. The drying cabinet may utilize a pair of doors with at least one having a truss that establishes a seal compression in both of the doors. The truss is joined to the inner door by a screw located in the center of the truss. The method has the step securing a truss member to the door and curving the door to create a biasing force.

Abstract: A device and method for assembling a food service set comprising at least one napkin wrapped around one or more utensils and secured by an adhesive band. The device includes a magazine subsystem including one or more magazines for containing and dispensing the at least one napkin, the one or more utensils, and the adhesive band. The device further includes an integrator subsystem configured to integrate the at least one napkin, the one or more utensils, and the adhesive band together. A processor subsystem is configured to roll the at least one napkin around the one or more utensils and to secure the adhesive band around the at least one napkin. A receiver subsystem is configured for receiving the service set. A sterilization system is provided to sterilize the utensils prior to, or after, being assembled into a service pack.

Abstract: A medicine envelope feeder capable of feeding a sufficient quantity of medicine envelopes while preventing injection medicine containers from leaking out of the medicine envelopes even if the shape of a bucket is of a general type. One face of the medicine envelope (3) is supported by a support member (5), excluding a tolerance for bending starting from an upper end opening part. The other face of the medicine envelope (3) is guided by a guide part (26) of a vertically movable holding member (6), and the medicine envelope (3) is folded along the support member (5) and pressed by lowering a vertically movable pressing part (27) along the guide part (26). Since the coefficient of friction of the pressing part (27) is larger than that of the support member 5, only the medicine envelope (3) can be raised while being held between the guide part (26) and the pressing part (27) when the holding member (6) is raised.

Abstract: A packaging device is provided which prevents trays accommodating packaged items from being broken due to the tension in a film acting from above. The sealing base and the sealer perform a box motion by the combination of the back and forth movement of the general frame, and the upward and downward movement of the sealing base and the sealer, and the film is welded onto the flange of the tray while in movement. In this case, by setting the upper limit of the sealing base to the lower surface of the flange of the tray, it is possible for the deck plate to receive the tension of the film acting on the tray through the packaged item.

Abstract: A multiflow gassing system for providing controlled environment gas to a lid and container, the system including a lid carrier; and a gas rail assembly adjacent the lid carrier, the gas rail assembly having a top portion including a top portion gas outlet, an end portion including a end portion gas outlet, and a plate adjacent the end portion. The top portion gas outlet is oriented to direct the controlled environment gas into the lid and the end portion gas outlet is oriented to direct the controlled environment gas into a lid-container engagement region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filling apparatus having a filling device for filling packages with a hot filling, a sealing device for sealing the package, wherein the package has a package seal for opening the package and a swivelling arrangement for swivelling the package so that the package seal contacts the hot filling. Furthermore the invention relates to a filling method in which a hot filling is filled into a package that is sealed thereafter, wherein the package has a package seal and the package is swivelled so that the package seal contacts the hot filling.

Abstract: Shown and described are a device and a method for securing closure films to pouring elements arranged on composite packages with a cyclic or phased conveying device for conveying the closure films, with a feed device, with a welding device, and with a transport device for transporting the composite packages. In order to allow closure films to be secured reliably and rapidly to pouring elements on the composite packages during the manufacturing process, the welding device is arranged above the transport device, the feed device exhibits at least one clamping device for taking up the closure films and is arranged so as to be movable between a take-up position and a welding position, and the take-up position is turned towards the phased conveying device and the welding position is turned towards the transport device.

Abstract: Computer assisted systems, methods and mediums for filling one or more orders. One embodiment of the present invention is a system that includes an order consolidation station configured to receive at least one bottle containing pills individually counted and/or at least one package containing pharmaceutical products without having been designated for any of the orders when the package was created and/or at least one literature pack optionally including patient specific information. The order consolidation station is further configured to combine automatically the received bottle and/or package and/or literature pack into a container to be sent to a recipient including, for example, mail order pharmacies, wholesalers and/or central fill dealers for subsequent distribution or sale including retailer distribution or sale. The bottle is specifically designated for the order, and the order generally includes at least one prescription for the package.

Abstract: A welding head for a strap binding machine includes a strap guide element that can be moved into and out of a strap guide path, a welding device that can be moved into and out of the strap guide path and that is for fusing strap segments of overlapping strap ends that are to be welded, and a pressing device for pressing the fused strap segments against a pressure part, the strap guide element and the welding device being pivotably borne and both being directly or indirectly motion-coupled to the longitudinally movable pressing device such that they can be moved into and out of the strap guide path depending on the movement of the pressing device.

Abstract: A cutting platform for use with an agricultural harvesting machine includes a plurality of platform sections, with each platform section including a leading edge. At least one platform section includes a cutterbar assembly movable in a localized manner in upwards and downwards directions, an endless belt, and a plurality of belt guides positioned partially above the endless belt adjacent the leading edge. The belt guides are movable relative to each other.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing nuts and fruits, and more specifically, to a mobile apparatus that picks-up fruits and nuts, and similar products from the ground and conditions them, in bulk. The mobile apparatus conditions the fruits and nuts by removing debris with a combination of a belted conveyor and a high volume fan. The plenum of the apparatus is sized to achieve a constant velocity of air throughout the portions of the plenum in contact with the product, providing a constant suction to prevent the entrainment of product into the dust collection system. The processing apparatus can be utilized in a conditioner that picks-up and processes the product and then returns the cleaned and conditioned product to the floor of the orchard or grove. The processing apparatus can also be utilized in a harvester that picks-up and processes the product and then stores the product temporarily in a bin.

Abstract: A rotor spinning machine of the type comprising a plurality of working stations and a bobbin supplying device extending along the machine, wherein at least two service units supplying the working stations with bobbins are supplied by the supply device and wherein the rotor spinning machine comprises a control device for controlling the service units. The control device is configured in such a way that it suppresses a subsequent bobbin request from the second service unit in the event of an existing bobbin request from the first service unit positioned downstream in relation to the transporting direction of the supply device, until the initially existing bobbin request has been fulfilled.

Abstract: A turbojet has a low-pressure compressor and two fans at the front of an intermediate casing which fans are driven by two independent shafts. The compressor is disposed under the rear fan and has a downstream ring of rotor blades connecting the rear fan to the drive shaft of the rear fan, an upstream rotor blade ring that is connected to the drive shaft of the front fan and at least one ring of stator blades that is disposed between the rings of rotor blades and inside an outer stator that is supported by a second intermediate casing. Bearings are interposed respectively between the two intermediate casings and the two shafts.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control system for an internal combustion engine having a catalyst provided in an exhaust system of the engine for purifying exhaust gases and a first oxygen concentration sensor disposed upstream of the catalyst is disclosed. The air-fuel ratio control system controls an air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine. A degree of response deterioration of the first oxygen concentration sensor is detected. A response delay of the first oxygen concentration sensor is compensated according to the detected degree of deterioration to calculate a compensated sensor output. The air-fuel ratio is controlled so that a detected air-fuel ratio calculated from the compensated sensor output coincides with a target air-fuel ratio. A frequency characteristic of the compensation is adjusted according to the detected degree of deterioration.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including the step of performing an operation for rapid catalyst warm-up, under the conditions that an engine is started and rapid catalyst warm-up is necessary, by setting the ratio of fuel injection by an in-cylinder injector to be equal to or higher than that of an intake manifold injector and retarding the ignition timing to a large degree, and the step of performing normal operation under the condition that the catalyst is warmed up to be activated.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling exhaust gas temperature at a diesel particulate filter during regeneration. The temperature rise is controlled at a rate that will prevent harm to the filter caused by high temperatures and rapid increases.

Abstract: A fuel reformer is configured in an exhaust line upstream of a LNT. To desulfate the LNT, over a first period, fuel is provided to the exhaust to make the exhaust rich. While producing reformate, the reformer is allowed to heat to a relatively large extent, typically at least about 75° C. Before the reformer overheats, the provision of fuel is reduced and typically stopped entirely for a second period, over which the reformer cools. The heating and cooling periods are repeated to complete the desulfation process. The reduced efficiency of operating the reformer over an extended temperature range is more than compensated for by the benefits of extending the rich pulse.

Abstract: An improved exhaust system for a diesel engine and an improved overhead exhaust manifold segment therefore wherein the improvement comprises a plurality of catalytic converter elements removably positionable in the overhead exhaust manifold over the outlet ends of a series of exhaust port legs extending upwardly to the bottom of the overhead exhaust manifold from the cylinder exhaust ports.

Abstract: A flow path splitter duct is provided. The flow path splitter duct includes a main hub, a first outlet hub and a second outlet hub. The main hub has a plurality of inlet ports each being separated by at least one wall. The first outlet hub has a plurality of first duct outlet ports, each of the first duct outlet ports are in fluid communication with only one of the corresponding plurality of inlet ports. The second outlet hub has a plurality of second duct outlet ports, each of the second duct outlet ports are in fluid communication with only one of the corresponding plurality of inlet ports, wherein engine exhaust gas that enters one of the plurality of inlet ports is simultaneously diverted to only one of the first duct outlet ports and to only one of the second duct outlet ports. A vertical takeoff and landing aircraft is also provided that includes the flow path splitter duct. A method of using the same is also provided.

Abstract: The hydraulic system for a work vehicle includes a main hydraulic pump, a main supply circuit through which pressurized oil from the main hydraulic pump flows, a sub hydraulic pump, and a sub supply circuit through which pressurized oil from the sub hydraulic pump flows. The main supply circuit supplies pressurized oil to a hydraulic travel motor that drives a travel device and a service actuator that is disposed in an attachment with which the work vehicle is detachably furnished. The sub supply circuit merges with the main supply circuit and supplies pressurized oil to the service actuator. The hydraulic system for a work vehicle further includes a flow amount adjustment valve that adjusts the flow amount of the pressurized oil from the sub supply circuit that merges with the main supply circuit.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for a work machine is disclosed. The hydraulic control system has a first pump, a second pump, an operator control device, and a controller. The first and second pumps are configured to pressurize a fluid. The operator control device is movable through a range of motion from a neutral position to a maximum position to generate a corresponding control signal. The controller is in communication with the first pump, the second pump, and the operator control device. The controller is configured to receive the control signal, affect operation of the first pump in response to the control signal as the operator control device is moved throughout the range of motion, and affect operation of the second pump in response to the control signal only as the operator control device is moved through a portion of the range of motion.

Abstract: A hydraulic motor assembly having a hydraulic motor mounted in a motor housing and an axle mounted in a separate axle housing. A ring gear and a port block are mounted between the motor housing and the axle housing. A swash plate is mounted in the motor housing and is engaged to the hydraulic motor to control the hydraulic output thereof, and the swash plate is movable between at least a first position and a second position.

Abstract: A hydraulic apparatus such as a bleeder screw comprises an inner end, an outer end, and a main body extending between the inner end and the outer end. The main body includes a first section having a threaded outer peripheral surface a second section disposed between the first section and the inner end. The second section has a smaller diameter than the threaded outer peripheral surface of the first section, and an axial length of the threaded outer peripheral surface is less than an axial length of the second section. An internal fluid passage opens through an outer peripheral surface of the second section at a location between the inner end and the threaded outer peripheral surface, and the internal fluid passage opens through the main body at a location between the threaded outer peripheral surface and the outer end.

Abstract: In a compressor in the induction tract of an internal combustion engine with a compressor by which combustion air can be compressed to an increased boost pressure and which includes a compressor wheel rotatably mounted in a compressor housing with a main inlet duct in the flow path to the compressor wheel, and an auxiliary inlet duct joining the main inlet duct in the area of the compressor wheel, an adjustable swirl device is provided in the auxiliary intake duct, which comprises two separate, interacting swirl structures with a plurality of guide vanes distributed over the periphery and arranged so that the flow cross-section between the guide vanes of the two swirl structures can be changed by an adjusting motion of at least one swirl structure, the vane height of the guide vanes of the smaller swirl structure being 5% to 35% of the vane height of the guide vanes of the larger swirl structure.

Abstract: A rotary combustion engine (12) with a self-cooling system comprises a heat exchanging interface for discharging excess heat from the rotary combustion engine (12), and a direct drive fan (44) integrated on the rotary engine output shaft (26) for providing a flow of forced air over the heat exchanging interface.

Abstract: A method for operating a gas turbine engine includes channeling compressed air from the gas turbine engine to a noise suppression system, and selectively operating the noise suppression system such that air discharged from the noise suppression system generates a plurality of flow control mechanisms in the gas turbine exhaust flowpath.

Abstract: A gas-air premixing burner for gas turbines includes an air swirler and an annular burner tube surrounding a bluff centerbody. The bluff body serves to stabilize the flame by defining a recirculating vortex. Cooling air is directed to impinge against the bluff face of the centerbody and the spent impingement cooling air flows in a reverse direction towards the air swirler within the centerbody and is discharged through holes at the outer diameter of the centerbody, where it mixes with the fuel/air mixture prior to reaching the flame zone.

Abstract: An annular combustion chamber for a turbomachine comprises inner and outer annular walls united by a transverse wall, the inner and outer walls are extended at their downstream ends by inner and outer fastener flanges for fastening respectively to inner and outer shells of a turbomachine casing in order to hold the combustion chamber in position, the inner flange being provided with a plurality of holes for feeding cooling air to a high pressure turbine of the turbomachine, the air feed holes through the inner flange being distributed circumferentially over at least two rows disposed in a staggered configuration.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a variable cooling capacity cryocooler for a superconducting magnetic resonance imaging device having a liquid cryogen pressure vessel to provide cryogenic temperatures to a magnet assembly, a vacuum vessel surrounding the pressure vessel and a radiation shield spaced from the cryogen pressure vessel, and a pressure sensor positioned inside the cryogen pressure vessel pressure boundary for sensing pressure variations. A controller for varying the heat removal rate of the cryocooler based on the pressure variations in the cryogen pressure vessel and where the cooling capacity of the cryocooler is adjusted by modifying the speed of the electric power drive (DC or AC motors) or by changing the mechanical transmission ratio between the constant speed electric power drive and the cryocooler displacer/piston to adjust the cooler oscillating frequency of the gas flow.

Abstract: A humidity controller apparatus comprises: a first heat exchange chamber (69) for accommodating a first heat exchanger (3), an adsorbent material being supported on a surface of said first heat exchanger (3); and a second heat exchange chamber (73), formed adjacently to said first heat exchange chamber (69), for accommodating a second heat exchanger (5), an adsorbent material being supported on a surface of said second heat exchanger (5). A first air inflow passage (63) and a first air outflow passage (65) are formed along one end surface in a thickness direction in which respective one surfaces of said two heat exchange chambers (69, 73) continue and which are arranged in a superimposed manner in the thickness direction of both said heat exchange chambers (69, 73).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling a running time of an absorption refrigerating system of an absorption refrigerator, which absorption refrigerator comprises two differently tempered refrigerator compartments. The method comprises the steps of: monitoring the temperature in a first compartment; activating the refrigerating system when the temperature sensed in the first compartment exceeds a predetermined value; de-activating the refrigerating system when a cut-out temperature is reached; monitoring the time period during which the absorption refrigerating system is turned off; and supplying heat to the first refrigerator compartment, when the time period exceeds a predetermined time period. The invention also relates to a microcontroller, computer program product and to an absorption refrigerator comprising means for performing the inventive method.

Abstract: A heat pump employing CO2 as refrigerant and utilizing heat source of natural water, e.g. well water, ground water, river water or sea water, effectively is applied to an air conditioning system in order to enhance heating/hot water supplying capacity and refrigeration capacity without requiring a large scale appurtenant facilities.

Abstract: An apparatus for diagnosing a cooling system includes a first sensor for sensing a first operating parameter, a second sensor for sensing a motor operating parameter, a controller in communication with the sensors for receiving a signal from each of the sensors, and a computer in communication with the controller. The computer includes a memory storing normal operating parameters for a plurality of cooling systems, and is operable to compare the first and motor operating parameters with the normal parameters of one of the plurality of cooling systems to diagnose the cooling system.

Abstract: A ground-based system and method of supplying electrical power and temperature-controlled air to an aircraft environmental control system during ground support operations uses a throttle valve to control the flow of compressed air flowing through a heat exchanger. An air conditioner module mounted on a wheeled cart removes heat from the compressed air that is supplied to it from an auxiliary power unit (APU), and supplies cooled compressed air at a desired temperature. The temperature of the cooled compressed air is controlled by selectively positioning a throttle valve, which regulates compressed air flow from the compressed air source. The throttle valve position is controlled in response to one or more ambient meteorological conditions and/or the amount of electrical power being supplied from the system.

Abstract: A compressor for a turbo chiller that can stably and efficiently operate in various operating states is provided. An aerodynamic feature map showing a rotating stall line at which rotating stall occurs is provided on a map represented by a flow parameter reflecting the volume flow based on the output thermal capacity of the chiller and by a pressure parameter reflecting the head based on the evaporator pressure and the condenser pressure. A minimum rotation speed obtaining unit obtains a minimum rotation speed from the pressure parameter and the rotating stall line on the aerodynamic feature map in the current operating state, and a rotation speed greater than or equal to the minimum rotation speed thus obtained is designated to the inverter.

Abstract: A system includes a compressor, processing circuitry, a first sensor detecting high-side data indicative of an operating condition of a high-pressure side of the refrigeration circuit, and a second sensor detecting low-side data indicative of an operating condition of a low-pressure side of the refrigeration circuit. The processing circuitry receives the high-side data and the low-side data from the first and second sensors and processes at least one of the high-side data and low-side data to select an operating mode for the compressor. The operating modes include a normal mode, a reduced-capacity mode, and a shutdown mode.