Abstract: A wireless communication device coupled to a wave antenna that provides greater increased durability and impedance matching. The wave antenna may be in the form of a polygonal, elliptical curve and/or coil shape. The wireless communication device is coupled to the wave antenna to provide wireless communication. The wireless communication device and wave antenna may be placed on objects, goods, or other articles of manufacture that are subject to forces such that the wave antenna may be stretched or compressed during the manufacture and/or use of such object, good or article of manufacture. The wave antenna, because of its curved structure, is capable of stretching and compressing more easily than other structures, reducing the wireless communication device's susceptibility to damage or breakage that might render the wireless communication device coupled to the wave antenna unable to properly communicate information wirelessly.

Abstract: A wideband antenna comprised of two or more conductive segments that are parasitically coupled.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation interface is provided that is suitable for use with radio wave frequencies. A surface is provided with a plurality of metallic conical bristles. A corresponding plurality of termination sections are provided so that each bristle is terminated with a termination section. The termination section may comprise an electrical resistance for capturing substantially all the electromagnetic wave energy received by each respective bristle to thereby prevent reflections from the surface of the interface. Each termination section may also comprise an analog to digital converter for converting the energy from each bristle to a digital word. The bristles may be mounted on a ground plane having a plurality of holes therethrough. A plurality of coaxial transmission lines may extend through the ground plane for interconnecting the plurality of bristles to the plurality of termination sections.

Abstract: A B-sandwich radome structure including a structural layer, an inside matching layer adjacent one side of the structural layer, and an outside matching layer adjacent an opposite side of the structural layer. Both matching layers are made of formable sheet material assembled with the structural layer during shaping of the radome and co-cured with the structural layer resulting in a rigid final form of the radome.

Abstract: A reconfigurable frequency selective surface (FSS) includes a plurality of conducting patches supported on the surface of a dielectric layer, with selectable electrical interconnections between the conducting patches so as to provide a desired characteristic. The reconfigurable FSS can be used in a reconfigurable artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). A reconfigurable AMC includes a dielectric layer, a conducting back-plane on one surface of the dielectric layer, and a reconfigurable FSS on the other surface of the dielectric layer. A reconfigurable AMC can be used as a dynamically reconfigurable ground plane for a low-profile antenna system.

Abstract: An integrated multi-beam antenna with a shared dielectric lens is disclosed. The antenna is formed by positioning the feed apertures of a plurality of waveguide feeds at positions located on the surface of the shared dielectric lens. The angular direction and shape of radiation beams produced by the waveguide feeds are determined by the physical and dielectric characteristics of the lens, the location of feed apertures of the waveguide feeds on the surface of the lens, and the frequency of electromagnetic energy propagating in the waveguide feeds. The principles of the invention are applied to realize an inexpensive, integrated multi-feed antenna adapted to provide desired angular areas of coverage for both a long range and short range radar in an automotive radar safety system.

Abstract: An image managing method of an image managing apparatus having an image memory which stores an image file provided with date and time information, and a display portion which displays a first display area and a second display area, includes, selecting a display mode as a system which displays in the second display area, displaying a plurality of unit periods which are used to select a period in the first display area, selecting at least one unit period from the plurality of unit periods, displaying a calendar of the selected unit period in the second display area when the display mode is a calendar display mode, extracting from the image memory an image file provided with date and time information included in the selected period when the display mode is an index display mode, and displaying an index image of the extracted image file in the second display area.

Abstract: A system consisting of a plurality of terminals storing image data and an image displaying device which are connected with each other through a network capable of two-way communication has the disadvantage of decreasing in throughput on account of slow image data transfer over the network. The image displaying device performs two-way communications with each of the terminals by a communication means at the display device side. Also, the image displaying device acquires image data from a relevant terminal while instructing other terminals to suspend transmission by the image data acquisition controlling means, thereby suspending transmission of image data. The image displaying device displays images by the image displaying means based on the thus acquired image data.

Abstract: In driving a Plasma Display Panel (PDP), when a driving operation moves from an address period to a sustain period, low-voltage driving switches of all of the scan ICs are turned on at the same time after the drain voltage and source voltage of each of them are made equal via a power recovery circuit under the condition that the outputs of the scan ICs are floating. Therefore, when the switches are turned on, no current flows therethrough, thereby making it possible to solve instability of a driving circuit and noise and EMI therein.

Abstract: A transistor for detecting current generated by an output side transistor of a current mirror circuit of an organic EL panel drive circuit and a control circuit including a current driven input stage and an output stage for driving the input side transistor of the current mirror circuit are provided. The input stage of the control circuit receives the detected current and a certain reference current and the output stage of the control circuit generates a drive current, which corresponds to a difference between the detected current and the certain reference current and drives the input side transistor of the current mirror circuit. The control circuit controls the detected current in such a manner that it becomes equal to the reference current and the current distributed to terminal pins of an organic EL panel becomes the reference current or a current corresponding thereto.

Abstract: A pixel electrode and a display device capable of lowering power consumption with a uniformity of luminance retained, and realizing a display image having a high contrast and a high image quality, wherein a correction period for correcting a variation in properties of a drive transistor in a pixel during a frame, a write period for driving a first switch by a first control line and writing a data signal from a signal line to the node, and a drive period for storing the written data signal and driving an electro-optical element, are set, and the drive is controlled so that an interval having the correction period, the write period, and the drive period, and an interval having the write period and the drive period without the correction period exist.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of data lines disposed in a first direction on a substrate; a plurality of gate lines disposed in a second direction on the substrate, a plurality of pixels defined by intersections of the gate and data lines in a matrix; a plurality of control lines disposed parallel to the gate lines; a controlling unit supplying a control signal to the control lines; first switching elements disposed in the pixels and electrically connected to the data and gate lines; a plurality of latching units disposed in the pixels to latch image information supplied from the data lines through the first switching elements; and second switching elements provided in the pixels and electrically connected to the control lines and latching units, the second switching elements supplying the image information of the latching units to the pixels when the control lines supplies the control signal.

Abstract: The present invention applies illustratively to a liquid crystal display apparatus as well as to a PDA and a mobile phone each using that liquid crystal display apparatus. Typically, a gradation setting circuit 20B for the green color is disposed along one of two opposing sides of a display unit 14, and a gradation setting circuit 20A for the red and blue colors is positioned along the other side of the unit 14.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a dot inversion driving technique for that liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal display panel having liquid crystal cells defined by intersections of gate and data lines. Each liquid crystal cell includes a thin film transistor. Those thin film transistors are connected in a zigzag pattern to the gate lines. Pixel voltage signals are applied in a line inversion fashion to the liquid crystal cells such that the pixel voltage signal polarities (referenced to a common electrode) are inverted in every horizontal period. The common electrode can be an AC voltage that changes in each horizontal period.

Abstract: A vertical driving circuit 5 includes: a shift register 5R having a multistage-connected structure with one stage corresponding to two gate lines G, for transferring a start pulse 2VST inputted to a first stage SR1 thereof and sequentially outputting shift pulses R1 and R2 from respective stages; an intermediate gate circuit unit 5T disposed so as to correspond to each stage of the shift register, for processing a shift pulse of one stage and a shift pulse of a preceding stage and thereby generating temporally separate intermediate pulses A and B in respective stages; and an output gate circuit unit 5U for processing the intermediate pulses A and B and thereby sequentially outputting drive pulses P1 to P4 to four corresponding gate lines G to sequentially select pixels.

Abstract: A display capable of suppressing reduction of a scanning property is provided. This display comprises a shift register circuit formed by connecting a plurality of first circuit parts each including a first conductivity type first transistor connected to a first potential and turned on in response to a clock signal, a first conductivity type second transistor connected to a second potential and a first conductivity type third transistor, connected between the gate of the first transistor and the second potential, having two gate electrodes electrically connected with each other.

Abstract: An active matrix display device includes: a display panel; a gate driver; and a data driver, wherein the gate driver includes a plurality of shift registers to output signals that are sequentially shifted, each of the shift registers including: a first control part for controlling a first node in response to a first clock signal; a second control part for controlling second and third nodes in response to the start signal and a second clock signal; and an output part to selectively output one of a third clock signal and a first supply voltage in response to voltages of the first, second, and third nodes, whereby second and third supply voltages, which are different from each other, are switched for application at the second and third nodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a dummy-loading device thereof are provided. The dummy-loading device is suitable for a liquid crystal display having a plurality of pixel bands. The liquid crystal display comprises an input signal line to receive image data, and a plurality of horizontal switches and a plurality of shift registers connected in series. The shift registers sequentially shift and output a video control signal for conducting the input signal lines and the pixel bands. A dummy-loading device is disposed in the liquid crystal display, comprising a dummy pixel band, a dummy shift register and a dummy horizontal switch on one side of the liquid crystal display, for providing the edge band compensation to resolve unbalanced imaging.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes (i) a temperature sensor provided in at least one of pixels in a displaying area of a display panel, (ii) a lead line buried in the display panel, for transmitting a detection signal from the temperature sensor to a vicinity of the display panel, (iii) a temperature measurement control section for measuring a pixel temperature based on the detection signal transmitted from the temperature sensor, (iv) a data signal line driving section for outputting the data signal to the data signal lines in accordance with the pixel temperature measured in the temperature measurement control section.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a haptic interface and a haptic system using the same, are provided.

Abstract: A system for a computing device of one embodiment of the invention is disclosed that includes an image-capturing mechanism and a controller. The image-capturing mechanism is capable of capturing images. Each image includes at least one corner of a display communicatively coupled to the computing device. The controller is to determine at least one of positioning and relative movement for a graphical-user interface element displayed on the display, based on the images captured by the image-capturing mechanism.

Abstract: A wireless mouse comprising an operating interface, a wireless communication module and a control unit is provided. The wireless communication module is for communicating with a receiver electrically coupled to a computer. When the operating interface is continuously pressed for a first particular period of time, the control unit controls the wireless mouse to enter a power-saving mode. When the operating interface is continuously pressed for a second particular period of time, the control unit recognizes the identity of the wireless mouse via the wireless communication module and the receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus including an image sensor is disclosed. The apparatus includes a polarization filter, an image sensor, and a processor connected to the image sensor. The polarization filter is adapted to filter out light polarized in a first direction from a first scene. The image sensor is adapted to capture the filtered light, and the image sensor includes support circuits to convert the captured filtered light to image data. The processor is adapted to process the image data to detect features of the first scene. The polarization filter filters out noise component of the image, thus increasing contrast. In another embodiment, a mosaic polarization filter is used to capture a scene in a first image including light from the scene having first polarity and to capture the scene in a second image including light from the scene having first polarity. The two images can be analyzed to determine various characteristics of the scene.

Abstract: A character input system using a keyboard having a plurality of keys, at least some of the keys each being assigned at least one Brahmi-derived (e.g., Hindi) script character. At least one key may be assigned a halant. The key assignments may be spatially grouped on the keyboard according to vowels, consonants and the phonetic characteristics of the characters. Hindi script communications may be inputted quickly and efficiently as a result of the arrangement of Hindi character keys and a simplified Hindi character set provided through use of the halant character.

Abstract: A new-type user interface for providing a hotkey is disclosed, which has high operability and which can also be used to provide the hotkey in a conventional manner. In information processing apparatus has a hierarchical structure including a keyboard as one of hardware parts in a bottom layer, a built-in controller as one of hardware parts in a layer higher than the keyboard, and an operating system and an application program as software part in a layer higher than the built-in controller, wherein the operating system and the application program are connected to the built-in controller via a bus. In this information processing apparatus, if an Fn key is pressed and released, information indicating that the Fn key has been pressed and released is supplied to a utility via an SPIC which is logically different from the keyboard controller. In response, a launcher including hotkey menu icons corresponding to additional keys is displayed on a display.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein describes a man-machine interface device for controlling access to electronic devices. The man-machine interface device comprises an electronic display unit including a transparent finger touch sensor region that is seated above the display apparatus, which is responsible for determining the presence and absence of a finger and for generating fingerprint images when a finger is detected. The man-machine interface device also includes a controller unit that is coupled to the display apparatus, the finger touch sensor region, and at least one electronic device. The method of the invention describes a process for authenticating individuals and verifying their security privileges to access sensitive data, based on a finger-touch selection of an icon presented on the display apparatus of the man-machine interface device.

Abstract: A data processing system includes an application unit including a force pattern calculating section and a data processing section. The force pattern calculating section analyzes screen definition data for defining display screen data which is generated by the data processing section, determines a force pattern based upon the disposition of display elements, such as buttons and spaces, in a display screen and based upon force patterns corresponding to the types of the display elements recorded in an object attribute table, and stores the force pattern in a force pattern table. The force pattern is applied to a user based upon an input to the display screen. A commander driver determines a force corresponding to an input from a haptic commander, and controls the haptic commander such that the determined force is applied to the user.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display system displaying a picture on a screen by a video signal from a computer and serving as an input device of a computer coupled to the display system. The display system includes an input part through which a user inputs data, a signal processing part converting a signal inputted from the input part into a signal to be identified by the computer, a data interface between the computer and the display system, and a controlling part transmitting the signal inputted from the input part to the computer via the signal processing part and the data interface.

Abstract: The performance of electro-wetting displays can be improved by: (a) providing a concealment member (112) which conceals the moving fluid (108) when that fluid (108) is confined to a small area; (b) using the moving fluid to cover one or more sections of a filter or reflector having differently-colored sections; (c) moving the moving fluid between the rear surface and a side surface of a microcell; (d) using as a substrate for a moving fluid a substrate resistant to wetting by the fluid but pierced by multiple conductive vias capped with a material wetted by the fluid; and (e) coloring the moving fluid with pigments or nanoparticles.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display driving device of matrix structure type and its driving method are disclosed in the present invention. The driving device consists of a group of thin film transistors with matrix array, a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines. The object of increasing response speed can be accomplished by the different arrangement of gate lines and data lines and the different connection between each thin film transistor and the gate and data lines. The driving method for the said driving device includes: each pair of gate lines in the display panel are simultaneously and orderly turned on at different time of driving transistor, and the different driving voltages are orderly applied to the thin film transistors connected to the gate lines. The structure and method can suit for picture treating of various displays such as liquid crystal display, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display or plasma display panel (PDP).

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes an image display section in which a plurality of light emitting elements are arranged in a matrix at intersections of a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines. A control circuit selects one of modes as an operation mode in response to a mode switching signal, and outputs a data signal and a scan control signal based on an image signal to be displayed and the selected mode. A row driving section is connected to the plurality of scan lines to sequentially drive the plurality of scan lines based on the scan control signal in a unit determined based on the operation mode. A column driving section is connected to the plurality of data lines to sequentially drive the plurality of data lines based on the data signal. In this way, an image corresponding to the image signal is displayed on the image display section.

Abstract: A driving voltage control device includes: a first differential amplifier circuit for receiving a first input voltage and outputting a first output voltage; a second differential amplifier circuit for receiving a second input voltage and outputting a second output voltage; a control section for selecting one of a first mode and a second mode; and an output section for supplying the first output voltage output from the first differential amplifier circuit to an output node when the first mode is selected by the control section and supplying the second output voltage output from the second differential amplifier circuit to the output node when the second mode is selected by the control section. When the first mode is selected, the control section increases a driving power of the first differential amplifier circuit.

Abstract: The invention discloses a control circuit and method thereof, which enable a display device to have low power consumption. The display device is able to switch between a normal mode and a standby mode, and reduce the power consumption of the display device under the standby mode. A synchro signal detection circuit, an infrared receiver, and a power switch are used to determine when to output a triggering signal. If an MCU inputs a triggering signal, a switch circuit will provide electricity for a peripheral circuit, then the display device switches to the normal mode; otherwise, the switch circuit will stop providing electricity for the peripheral circuit, and the display device switches to the standby mode.

Abstract: A display capable of correctly displaying images with brightness in response to a video signal is provided. This display comprises a pixel including a p-type first field-effect transistor subjected to application of a first bias voltage in the period of an operation of holding a pixel potential and a pixel electrode. The display applies a second bias voltage larger than the first bias voltage to the p-type first field-effect transistor in a prescribed period other than the period for the operation of holding the pixel potential.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for transforming an irregular, unorganized cloud of data points (100) into a volumetric data or “voxel” set (120). Point cloud (100) is represented in a 3D Cartesian coordinate system having an x-axis, a y-axis and a z-axis. Voxel set (120) is represented in an alternate 3D Cartesian coordinate system having an x?-axis, a y?-axis, and a z?-axis. Each point P(x, y, z) in the point cloud (100) and its associated set of attributes, such as intensity or color, normals, density and/or layer data, are mapped to a voxel V(x?, y?, z?) in the voxel set (120). Given that the point cloud has a high magnitude of points, multiple points from the point cloud may be mapped to a single voxel. When two or more points are mapped to the same voxel, the disparate attribute sets of the mapped points are combined so that each voxel in the voxel set is associated with only one set of attributes.

Abstract: An information processing method and information processing apparatus facilitate selection of components which form a geometric model. Of a plurality of components which form a three-dimensional geometric mode, components which satisfy predetermined geometrical search criteria are searched for. The obtained components are set in a rendering mode different from that of other components. Therefore, even an occluded-component, which cannot be directly seen from outside a three-dimensional model, can be visually recognized and selected.

Abstract: Vertices defining a graphics primitive may be processed in homogeneous space and projected into normalized device coordinate space by dividing each coordinate of a vertex by w. When the w coordinate for a vertex is equal to zero, the projected coordinates are set equal to the homogeneous coordinate values. During a viewport transform operation, only the viewport scale is applied rather than applying the viewport scale and viewport bias to produce the vertex in device coordinate space (screen space). Furthermore, when an edge slope is computed for a vertex with a w coordinate equal to zero, the slope is set equal to the vertex in device coordinate space rather than the difference of the two vertices defining the edge. Therefore, a vertex at infinity is correctly positioned avoiding the introduction of visual artifacts.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus for generating a three-dimensional image obtained by projecting a three-dimensional space onto a plane and determining a depth of a vertex of a polygon from a viewpoint in the three-dimensional space, the polygon forming a surface of a solid object from which the three-dimensional image is generated, and moving the position of the vertices by the amount of movement determined in accordance with the determined depth.

Abstract: Apparatus includes unit storing CG data containing data about coordinate transformation, camera, geometry, light source, and texture, unit transforming coordinate system of CG data into camera-coordinate system, unit calculating intersections of object and ray vectors passing through sampled points, unit calculating 3D motion vectors, unit calculating color values at intersections, unit assigning object IDs of intersections at 3D coordinates to intersections, unit projecting intersections and 3D motion vectors onto plane, and calculating 2D coordinates at intersections and 2D motion vectors at intersections, unit storing 2D coordinates, 2D motion vectors, color values, and object IDs together as low-resolution video data, unit calculating intermediate-resolution video data by superimposing low-resolution video data of current frame onto low-resolution video data of frames temporally different from current frame, unit calculating high-resolution video data by filtering intermediate-resolution video data, unit

Abstract: A method of presenting a selected portion of graphical images within a wireless terminal that includes receiving an original graphical image, having a source resolution, to be presented on a display screen. The native pixel resolution of the display screen may differ from that of the original graphical image. A complex decimation pattern when applied to the selected portion of the image allows the selected portion of the original graphical image to be resized from the source resolution to a decimated resolution operable to be displayed within the native resolution of the display screen. Decimated pixels need not be further processed to reduce the processing requirements imposed on the system processor. Operations normally associated with the decimated portions of the image may be offloaded from the processing module to improve system efficiency.

Abstract: Methods, computer program products, and systems adapted to aid in data analysis by graphically displaying current situation on the background of historical data density, Historical data density is represented by one or more contour plots. An indicator of how a current data point compares to the historical data may be placed on one or more of the data density graphs. In some examples, data falling outside a threshold contour of historical data density may represent a new or an abnormal situation, and such data and/or a contour plot having such data may be highlighted in a graphical display.

Abstract: A graph creation unit of a chart display device desplays a plurality of charts (graphs), which is created by applying one graph-model form to a plurality of categories in a category list file, onto one graph destination sheet, by aligning and arranging the charts in the one graph destination sheet. The graph creation unit makes an economic statistics data control unit obtain a predetermined numerical values corresponding to the chart displayed on the graph destination sheet from an accumulated database or an economic statistics database server, and displays the obtained numerical values on the graph destination sheet in the form of individual chart.

Abstract: The present invention provides an analysis data management system with which users can efficiently check a number of analysis results obtained through a batch analysis or some other process. The system creates a list of waveform images each showing a chromatogram or spectrum representing each of the analysis results. This list facilitates the visual checking of whether there is any abnormal waveform. After checking each checkbox corresponding to each waveform image showing an abnormal waveform, the user performs a predetermined operation, in response to which the system creates a list of analysis setting data corresponding to the checked waveform images. After changing the setting data on the list according to necessity, the user commands the system to carry out the batch process again.

Abstract: Shape animation is described. In one aspect, examples that pertain to a shape or motion that is to be animated are provided. The examples are placed within a multi-dimensional abstract space. Each dimension of the abstract space is defined by at least one of an adjective and an adverb. A point within the multi-dimensional abstract space is selected. The selected point does not coincide with a point that is associated with any of the examples. The selected point corresponds to a shape or motion within the abstract space. A single weight value for each of the examples is computed. The single weight values for each of the examples are combined in a manner that defines an interpolated shape or motion that is a blended combination of each of the examples of the set of examples.

Abstract: A computer system includes an integrated graphics subsystem and a graphics connector for attaching either an auxiliary graphics subsystem or a loopback card. A first bus connection communicates data from the computer system to the integrated graphics subsystem. With a loopback card in place, data travels from the integrated graphics subsystem back to the computer system via a second bus connection. When the auxiliary graphics subsystem is attached, the integrated graphics subsystem operates in a data forwarding mode. Data is communicated to the integrated graphics subsystem via the first bus connection. The integrated graphics subsystem then forwards data to the auxiliary graphics subsystem. A portion of the second bus connection communicates data from the auxiliary graphics subsystem back to the computer system. The auxiliary graphics subsystem communicates display information back to the integrated graphics subsystem, where it is used to control a display device.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for forming an event picture in a mobile communication terminal. According to the invention, when there occurs any event such as call reception, alarm or message reception under state that a service picture is displayed on a screen of the terminal, the current service picture is backed up, a command input through the buttons provided to the terminal is interrupted and the event picture is overlapped over the current service picture, thereby allowing a user to perceive the corresponding event. Accordingly, the terminal user can correctly perceive the event occurred during the service. In addition, when the event occurs, the command input through the buttons is interrupted, so that it is possible to prevent an unintended event processing or erroneous operation due to an erroneous button manipulation.

Abstract: A method of storing an array of digital data into a memory. The memory includes a plurality of memory pages, and each memory page has a first memory section and a second memory section. The method includes a first step of dividing the array of digital data into a plurality of block units, while each of the block units has a plurality of odd rows and a plurality of even rows, and each of the odd rows and the even rows has at least one byte. The method further includes a second step of storing subsequent odd rows of at least one of the block units into consecutive storage locations in the first memory section, and storing subsequent even rows of at least one of the block units into consecutive storage locations in the second memory section. In this way, the memory bandwidth can be used more efficiently.

Abstract: A tiled graphics memory permits graphics data to be stored in different tile formats. One application is selecting a tile format optimized for the data generated for particular graphical surfaces in different rendering modes. Consequently, the tile format can be selected to optimize memory access efficiency and/or packing efficiency. In one embodiment a first tile format stores pixel data in a format storing two different types of pixel data whereas a second tile format stores one type of pixel data. In one implementation, a z-only tile format is provided to store only z data but no stencil data. At least one other tile format is provided to store both z data and stencil data. In one implementation, z data and stencil data are stored in different portions of a tile to facilitate separate memory accesses of z and stencil data.

Abstract: An adaptive pixel-based blending method and system of a video processing system including steps of acquiring a first pixel value in accordance with a first index value, acquiring a first blending factor in accordance with the parts of the first pixel value, calculating a second blending factor in accordance with the first blending factor, and generating a overlapped and blended image in accordance with the blending factors and the pixel values of the source images. Thus, multiple source images can be overlapped and blended in a flexible way.

Abstract: A super dithering method of color video quantization maintains the perceived video quality on a display with less bit depth of color than the input video. Super dithering relies on both the spatial and temporal properties of human visual system, wherein spatial dithering is applied to account for human eye's low pass spatial property, while temporal dithering is applied to achieve the quantization level of the spatial dithering.