Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the reprocessing or production of a sputter target or an X-ray anode wherein a gas flow forms a gas/powder mixture with a powder of a material chosen from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, zirconium, mixtures of two or more thereof and alloys thereof with at least two thereof or with other metals, the powder has a particle size of 0.5 to 150 ?m, wherein a supersonic speed is imparted to the gas flow and the jet of supersonic speed is directed on to the surface of the object to be reprocessed or produced.

Abstract: A treated refractory material includes a sintered porous refractory material having one or more protective materials disposed within pores of the refractory material, wherein the protective material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, silica, rare earth oxides, rare earth zirconates, titanium oxide, mullite, zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate, yttrium oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide, and blends thereof. Methods of preparing the treated refractory material are also provided. The treated refractory material provides protection from the penetration of slag and extends the service life of the refractory.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing the nanostructured powder by a wire explosion in liquid and a device for manufacturing the same. To be more specific, the object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the nanostructured powder by a wire explosion in liquid and a device for manufacturing the same, in which, a metal wire (18) is vaporized in liquid (14) by generating an electrical explosion using the same principle al in gas, with the characteristic of pulsed power, even though the liquid (14) with a low conductivity is used, and the nanostructured powder of a metal wire (18) is produced in the space made by the volume expansion of vaporized vapour, all of which was performed with an understanding that electrical explosion is not so different in principle weather in gas or in liquid.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to separate excess coppers leached out in a lead-free solder bath and recover tin with high efficiency. An element X for forming a (CuX)6Sn5 compound between copper and tin in molten lead-free solders is added to separate out a (CuX)6Sn5 compound. Tin is recovered by binding the (CuX)6Sn5 compound by passing thereof through a multi-perforated plate, further generating swirling currents to precipitate and separate the bound (CuX)6Sn5 compounds and removing thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a process for recovering copper and other metal values from metal-containing materials using controlled, super-fine grinding and medium temperature pressure leaching. Processes embodying aspects of the present invention may be beneficial for recovering a variety of metals such as copper, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, rhenium, zinc, uranium, and platinum group metals, from metal-bearing materials, and find particular utility in connection with the extraction of copper from copper sulfide ores and concentrates.

Abstract: A screw fastening device allows efficient mounting and advancing of screws carried on a screw strip along a guide chute to prevent the screws from impacting a target object and damaging the target object and to precisely move the screw strip forward to precisely set the screws at a desired positioning point in a completely fixed condition and also allows for correcting the orientation of the sharp tip of the screw with a guiding and holding device and stably holding a body of the screw to prevent improper orientation of the screw and incorrect screwing thereby effectively and precisely screw the screw to a target object.

Abstract: A device for removing fuel injector sleeves is disclosed. The device allows for the removal of a fuel injector sleeve without dismantling the cab, engine, or head. The device comprises a housing, a threaded rod that engages a threaded aperture defined by a proximal end of the housing and passes through the housing, a fuel injector sleeve remover coupled to a distal end of the threaded rod, and a nut defining a threaded aperture that engages the threaded rod. By twisting the nut about the threaded rod, the fuel injector sleeve remover and fuel injector sleeve is drawn up through a distal end of the housing and into the housing.

Abstract: An improved die insert for gripping oil field tubular members in tubular handling systems such as power tongs, slips, safety clamps and the like. The die insert has a gripping surface which comprises a backing surface adapted to contact the tubular member. The backing surface may be smooth or it may have a series of teeth formed thereon. The backing surface further has a granulated particle coating applied thereto which forms the gripping surface of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, the gripping surface will include a refractory metal carbide selected from the group consisting of the carbides of silicon, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, titanium, zirconium, and boron.

Abstract: A hand tool includes a socket which is connected to a head of the hand tool and the socket includes first and second recesses in tow ends thereof and a passage is defined in communication between the first and second recesses. A push rod includes a head and a shank which extends through the first recess, the passage and is inserted in the second recess in which a bit is inserted. A spring is mounted to the shank and biased between the head and an inner end of the first recess. The screw bit can be quickly pushed out from the second recess of the socket by pushing the push rod toward the screw bit.

Abstract: A thumb socket for a multi-faceted coaxial cable nut includes a multi-faceted body. An exterior wall of the body defines a plurality of extended points in spaced radial relation, so as to form finger holds therebetween. An inner wall of the body defines a central cavity having a shape complimentary to at least a portion of an exterior of the coaxial cable nut. A notch is formed in the body having a diameter less than a diameter of the coaxial cable nut so as to forcibly receive the coaxial cable nut within the central cavity of the body to permit manual torque via the finger holds of the body to loosen or tighten the coaxial cable nut.

Abstract: A hand tool includes a handle and a function head is connected to an end of the handle. A recessed area is defined in a side of the handle and a display screen and operation buttons are received in the recessed area. A cover is engaged with the recessed area so as to removably cover the display screen and/or the operation buttons.

Abstract: A hand tool includes a handle and a function head is connected to an end of the handle. A recessed area is defined in a side of the handle and a display screen and operation buttons are received in the recessed area. A cover is engaged with the recessed area so as to removably cover the display screen and/or the operation buttons.

Abstract: A wrench with the property of applying two opposing forces to a pair of spiral washers. The basic design for the wrench can be used to tighten or loosen the pair of spiral washers in a controlled, repeatable manner.

Abstract: This invention is to propose an improved structure of pliers that can clip objects of various shapes easily and tightly. It comprises: a recessed main body that mounts, in one side, with a fixed pliers jaw and a movable pliers jaw, and collaborates with an adjusting screw in the other side. The movable pliers jaw is also, in another end, mounted with a pressing lever that also mounts with an elbow device and a releasing lever. Further, a spring is set between the main body and movable pliers jaw. The improved feature of this invention is that both the fixed and movable pliers jaws have toothed faces in their front ends that can engage firmly with each other, and form a proper-sized room to clip working objects of various shapes firmly and tightly, and also, the toothed faces of both jaws can used to clip string-shaped objects to perform tasks as necessary.

Abstract: A hand tool includes a socket which is connected to a head of the hand tool and the socket includes first and second recesses in tow ends thereof and a passage is defined in communication between the first and second recesses. A push rod includes a head and a shank which extends through the first recess, the passage and is inserted in the second recess in which a bit is inserted. A spring is mounted to the shank and biased between the head and an inner end of the first recess. The screw bit can be quickly pushed out from the second recess of the socket by pushing the push rod toward the screw bit.

Abstract: The tool for removing a tire valve stem cap is an elongated tool that allows a user to easily reach the valve stem of dual tires. The tool includes an elongated handle portion having opposed front and rear ends, and a head portion joined to the front end of the handle portion. The head portion has a recess centrally formed in a front face thereof and a resilient annular gripping member disposed in the recess. The annular gripping member has a central bore formed therethrough, with the central bore being dimensioned and configured for frictionally engaging the tire valve stem cap for removal and insertion thereof.

Abstract: A screw positioning sleeve assembly comprises an inner sleeve slideably received in an outer sleeve, so that the inner sleeve can be engaged with an ordinary tool rod or a screwdriver to screw or unscrew a screw. When screwing or unscrewing, a magnet in the outer sleeve can attract the screw. During the screwing and unscrewing process, the positioning sleeve can move towards the screw to make the magnet keep attracting the screw, thus preventing the screw from screwing or unscrewing falling off. It is noted that the rod body of the tool rod or the screwdriver can connect with the screw positioning sleeve assembly without any additional preformed structure. Therefore, the scope of applicability of the screw positioning sleeve assembly is enlarged considerably.

Abstract: A hand tool for use by a person, such as a firefighter, is disclosed. The hand tool of the present invention comprises a unitary sheet member having a substantially flat top side and bottom side, each mutually connected by at least one peripheral edge. The sheet member comprises a handle portion having a finger grip section and a rear section. The finger grip section is adapted for gripping by the person's fingers, and the rear section is adapted for gripping by the person's palm. The finger grip section includes a first finger guard at least partially therearound for protecting at least two of the person's fingers, depending upon how the person holds the tool. A hook portion has a hook fixed at a hook base proximate to a top section of a neck. The neck is fixed at a bottom section thereof to a top section of the handle portion. A tip of the hook may be formed into a regular screwdriver. Further, pivot notches may be formed in the peripheral edge proximate the tip of the hook.

Abstract: A hand tool includes a handle and a function head is connected to an end of the handle. A recessed area is defined in a side of the handle and a display screen and operation buttons are received in the recessed area. A cover is engaged with the recessed area so as to removably cover the display screen and/or the operation buttons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an underfloor wheelset lathe for machining the profile of wheels (8, 9) of wheelsets for railway vehicles, in which the wheelsets are rotatably mounted in axle bearing housing outside the wheels (8, 9), with a machine bed (10), two supports mounted on the machine bed that can be moved in the X and Z-axis direction of the underfloor wheelset lathe and are provided for holding tools for the machining, entry track rails (5, 6) that can be removed during machining for positioning the wheels (8, 9) over the tools, clamping elements for gripping the axle bearing housings, roller pairs for each wheel (8, 9) for lifting, driving and lowering the wheelset before, during and after machining. The underfloor wheelset lathe is intended for installation in an inspection shaft (1) for rail vehicles. It has a machine bed (10) with a vertical height (11) that is less than the depth (2) of the inspection shaft (1).

Abstract: The present invention provides a self feeding drill press lathe attachment designed for rotating a workpiece along a horizontal axis to remove material from the workpiece to form it into a desired shape. The drill press lathe attachment comprises a base and a power transfer box along with components commonly found on a lathe, but without a motor. The drill press lathe attachment, or “motorless” lathe, may be mounted directly to the bed of an existing drill press thereby providing an alternative means of achieving turning operations without needing a traditional motor driven lathe.

Abstract: The invention provides for the replacement of the cutting plate (15) and the press die (16) to be carried out automatically, specifically with the aid of a positioning device for positioning the stack of printed sheets (11) to be trimmed under the press die (16). In this way, the automatic conversion of the automatic three-knife trimmer for a format change is possible without a significant change to the automatic three-knife trimmer. Only the control system of the positioning device has to be changed and expanded. The positioning device (21) automatically ensures that the new press die (16) and the new cutting plate (15) are positioned exactly. In particular, the positioning of the die plate (19) under the format plate (18) can be carried out automatically by means of the positioning device with the required high accuracy, to be specific with higher accuracy than would be possible manually.

Abstract: An exemplary punch die (200) for making a high quality cut surface (301) on a metal workpiece (31) includes an upper die (21) and a lower die (22). A burnish occupies 90% of the whole cut surface. A cutting clearance between the upper die and the lower die is 0.5% T or less, T is thickness of the metal workpiece. A method for making a high quality cut surface on a metal workpiece includes: providing a lower die, and mounting a metal workpiece on the lower die; providing an upper die, and a cutting clearance between the upper die and lower die is 0.5% T or less, T is thickness of the metal workpiece; and forming a cut surface on the metal workpiece by the upper die and the lower die, and the burnish occupies 90% of the entire cut surface.

Abstract: A sheet material cutting machine includes a bristle bed with generally vertically extending bristles having free ends defining a support surface for supporting sheet material to be cut and a carriage movable over the bristle bed and carrying at least one cutting tool to selectively cut the sheet material. A vacuum cleaning system provides vacuum at the carriage to remove cutting debris as the cutting tool is cutting the sheet material. Illustrated embodiments include providing the vacuum through a passage in the cutting tool and providing the vacuum through a cavity in a presser foot.

Abstract: An apparatus for extricating and transferring wires cut into lengths from a loose, random wire bundle into a single layer of parallel wires, the apparatus comprising a fanning device for fanning out the wire bundle (B) into a plurality of random wire layers at least one extraction device for extracting a partial bundle (T, T?) of wires (D) from the fanned-out wire layers (F) a wire guide conduit inclined relative to the horizontal and a portioning device for extracting an intermediate bundle (Z) from the partial bundle, transferring the intermediate bundle into an operative range of combing-out devices, and forming a bundle (K) to be combed out wherein each combing-out device has a plurality of continuously drivable combing-out wheels having a rotation direction and being distributed over the length of the wires (D) to be processed, and provided with teeth for combing out the wires (D), and wherein the rotation direction of the combing-out wheels is oriented counter to the inclination of the wire guide condui

Abstract: A miter saw assembly includes a base and a turntable rotatable in relation to the base. The miter saw further includes a cutting assembly having a saw blade configured to cut a work piece positioned on the turntable. In addition, the miter saw includes a dust conduit positioned to receive saw dust generated by a cutting operation of the cutting assembly on the work piece. The miter saw also includes a support assembly coupled to the turntable and configured to support the cutting assembly, the support assembly including (i) a carriage mechanism configured to enable linear movement of the cutting assembly in relation to the turntable, and (ii) a pivot mechanism configured to enable pivotal movement of the cutting assembly in relation to the turntable. The saw blade possesses (i) a first lateral face that defines a first plane, and (ii) a second lateral face that defines a second plane. A zone is defined between the first plane and the second plane.

Abstract: A tool slices or cuts baked goods or soft solid or cheesy foods into sized segments. The tool has a cutting frame and a supporting base. The frame has an open geometric cross-section structure that has multiple slicing filaments extending across an area circumscribed by the frame. At least some of the multiple slicing filaments overlap to segment the item to be cut into distinct pieces. The supporting base has a series of depressions therein that correspond to a configuration of the slicing filaments. When the cutting frame is overlaid on the supporting base, at least a portion of the filaments resides in the depressions of the supporting frame and below a supporting surface of the supporting frame to assure that individual filaments can pass completely through the items to be cut.

Abstract: A post treatment process of a seamed belt for providing a smooth surface and substantially eliminating protrusions by using a planing blade, and a seamed belt that has undergone the post treatment.

Abstract: In a device for assembling components subjected to strong accelerations or decelerations for machines using adiabatic energy change, assemblies of components include spring pins providing absorption of mechanical vibrations due to pounding effects. The device is applicable for mounting punches.

Abstract: An attachment for a reciprocating tool that enables quicker and simpler exchanging of tool bits. The attachment may have a screw that grips onto, or passes through a hole in, a tool bit, thereby fixedly holding the tool bit to the attachment. Alternatively, the attachment may have a spring-loaded, pivoting arm that grips onto, or passes through a hole in, a tool bit. In such an embodiment, a see-saw shaped lever may be pressed to decompress the spring and thereby release the tool bit. The attachment also is capable of providing a standard tool bit connection, so as to receive and secure ordinary tool bits.

Abstract: A stringed musical instrument includes a string which, when vibrated, produces sound. Both ends of the vibrating portion of the string touch glass.

Abstract: Musical instrument cover with a first fabric surface, a second fabric surface and an insulating material. The first and second fabric surfaces encapsulate the insulating material forming an insulating blanket. The insulating blanket is sewn into a conical shaped enclosure having a first larger end and a second smaller end. The first end is open to allow the instrument to be inserted or removed when desired. The second end being opposite the first end and closed, resulting in a conical enclosure being large enough that it can completely encapsulate the top and sides of a musical instrument. A preferred embodiment includes a first loop of material that is sewn onto the conical shaped enclosure to help hold the enclosure in a rolled storage position and a second loop to hang the rolled enclosure on a music stand.

Abstract: An improved construction of a drumshell in accordance with the present invention comprises a drumshell 30, ring block 32 and muffling block 33. The invention is to provide an improved construction of a drumshell with specific and unique sound characteristics for playing variety of music.

Abstract: A sound data processing apparatus includes a central processing unit for controlling predetermined processing in the apparatus, a rewritable RAM, a decoder performing the decoding processing for sound data, and an interface unit for being fitted with an external memory. The sound data processing apparatus reads a driver from the external memory mounted in the interface unit and stores the read driver into the RAM, and reads the sound data from the external memory with the driver and processes the read sound data. As a result, the wastefully using of the memory capacity of the memory mounted in the sound data processing apparatus is reduced.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument, which can easily select waveform data assigned to each key or each key range of a keyboard, is provided. When assignment of waveform data to a key range including one or more keys of a keyboard is edited, the assignment state of the waveform data is displayed, and a mode setting operation of an operating unit is allowed in response to display of the assignment state of the waveform data. Waveform selection mode is set in response to operation of the operating unit by the user. When a key of the keyboard is operated in waveform selection mode, waveform data assigned to the operated key is selected, and an assignment state of the selected waveform data is allowed to be editable.

Abstract: A method for keying human voice audio frequency includes the steps of setting the human factor of the singer; recording the singing of the singer; calculating the audio frequency by an audio frequency counter; recording the maximum ground frequency by the recorder; estimating a maximum fundamental audio frequency thereof by the diapason estimator; and converting the maximum fundamental audio frequency into musical terminology, the best audio frequency of the singer being determined. The method for keying human voice audio frequency is very easy and fast.

Abstract: A system for the high speed digital transmission of musical commands includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter includes a MIDI input that provides key-on commands. A bitstream formatter in the transmitter maps the key-on commands to a plurality of mapped key-on commands. The transmitter also includes a synchronizing stage, a line coder, and an output driver that prepare and subsequently output the mapped key-on commands to a transmission medium. The receiver includes a signal receiver and a line decoder for receiving and decoding the commands from the transmission medium. The receiver also includes a synchronizing stage. A serial-to-parallel converter in the receiver responds to the mapped key-on commands by activating associated outputs. A driver produces an electrical output.

Abstract: An automated computing system and method for determining fingering of musical instruments from digitized scored music or tablature. The computerized automated finger finder system and method analyzes a musical composition and determines hand and/or fingering positional information such that the musical composition can be efficiently played on a musical instrument of choice with minimal hand movement. The method and computing system also provide alternate or secondary fingering choices such that the musician can play with a different tonal stylization or with greater or lesser ease depending on his skill level.

Abstract: A lightweight rammer system and method for engaging an artillery projectile or propellant charge, wherein the rammer system comprises an internal combustion generator comprising a first firing mechanism; an actuator driven by the firing mechanism, wherein the actuator comprises a propellant combustible into a pressurized fluid; and a pressure accumulator connected to the actuator, wherein the pressure accumulator controllably releases the pressurized fluid; a ramming component connected to the internal combustion generator and powered by the pressurized fluid; and means for regenerating pressure in the pressure accumulator actuated by recoil motion of the ramming component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive, especially for rotary, pivotal or linear drive units, comprising a working piston (16), housed in a cylinder (12) of a housing (14), impinged by fluidic pressure media and displaced in the axial direction. The invention is characterized in that mechanical coupling elements (22, 24) are disposed on the working piston and can be coupled with a motor (30) in such a manner that the motor slows down and/or drives the working piston in the axial direction. The invention also relates to rotary, pivotal or linear drive units comprising said drive and to a method for operating a drive or a rotary, pivotal or linear drive unit.

Abstract: This invention relates to a brake booster (201) having an axis (X), comprising an enclosure divided into a front chamber (210) and a rear chamber (208) by a skirt (209) fastened to a piston (205) mounted so that it can slide in the axial direction (X), the booster comprising a nonreturn valve (225) to evacuate air from the front chamber when the pressure prevailing exceeds a certain reference value. According to this invention, this booster is characterized in that this nonreturn valve (225) is internal to the booster (201).

Abstract: An actuator system including a receiving body defining a mounting bore, a inlet fluid channel, an outlet fluid channel and a connecting channel between the inlet fluid channel and the outlet fluid channel, a valve seat disposed within the connecting channel, and an actuator assembly connected to the receiving body, the actuator assembly including a sealing tip extending into the mounting bore, the sealing tip being adapted to sealingly engage the valve seat.

Abstract: An antagonistic fluid control system, wherein the system may comprise multiple antagonistic pressure control valves operable with a single actuator, or multiple pressure control valves operable with respective antagonistic actuators. The pressure control valves are configured to provide functional and efficiency advantages, and operate together to provide several operating or valving states. A first valving state comprises an active valving state configured to actively control the movement of the load. A second valving state comprises an inactive actuation state, wherein either the return and pressure ports of one pressure control valve are closed, or only the return ports of one pressure control valve are opened, to allow the other pressure control valve to operate in an active valving state. A third valving state comprises a passive valving state, wherein the pressure control valves are operated in a slosh mode configured to allow the load to freely move or dangle.

Abstract: A fluid control or actuation system providing selective recruiting of actuators antagonistic to one another to provide variable output power, such as that used to drive a load. The actuators are intended to comprise different sizes, and to be operable with one or more pressure control valves capable of providing displacement of a non-recruited actuator without requiring active input to cause such displacement. Being able to selectively recruit different sized actuators to drive the load, and being able to displace non-recruited without active input, effectively incorporates a gearing function into the fluid control system.

Abstract: The piston seal member is formed of a crosslinked rubber composition, the rubber composition including 100 parts by weight of an ethylene-propylene rubber, 20 to 60 parts by weight of a first carbon black, 50 to 100 parts by weight of a second carbon black, and 5 to 20 parts by weight of carbon nanofiber having an average diameter of 0.5 to 500 nm, the total amount of the first carbon black and the second carbon black being 70 to 160 parts by weight. The first carbon black has an average particle diameter of 35 to 100 nm and a DBP absorption of 50 to 200 ml/100 g. The second carbon black has an average particle diameter that is greater than the average particle diameter of the first carbon black and ranges from 60 to 500 nm and a DBP absorption of 5 to 50 ml/100 g.

Abstract: The method for salon air purifying comprises the following steps: (a) categorizing contaminants generated in the salon; (b) selecting air purifiers such that each air purifier is most effective in capturing a specific category of contaminants; (c) detecting which category of contaminants is being generated; (d) activating the air purifier that would most effectively capture the specific contaminants being generated and deactivate other air purifier(s) if not needed. Applying the aforementioned method, the apparatus for salon air purification comprises: (a) detectors to detect which category of contaminants are being generated, (b) two different air purifiers: one for capturing chemical fumes and the other for capturing filing dust and (c) a controller to receive the detectors' data, to activate air purifier only when airborne contaminants are present and to select which air purifier to activate based on the detectors' data.

Abstract: A biofilter for use in treating contaminated gasses is provided with a container having a layer of particulate rubber, which serves as a filter media. One preferred source of the rubber particulate is recycled tires. Smaller containers may be provided with apertures in their bottom walls and a cover for the top of the container, so that the containers can be incorporated within municipal sewage systems as manhole covers. Another embodiment floats the layer of rubber particulate on a layer of water or sludge. Various systems are provided for the delivery of gaseous, liquid or solid waste to the container. The rubber particulate provides a platform for the growth and maintenance of a microbial ecosystem that substantially treats the contaminated gases emanating from the waste.

Abstract: Processes for dehydrating an organic/water solution by pervaporation or vapor separation using fluorinated membranes. The processes are particularly useful for treating mixtures containing light organic components, such as ethanol, isopropanol or acetic acid.

Abstract: SAPO-34 membranes and methods for their preparation and use are described. The SAPO-34 membranes are prepared by contacting at least one surface of a porous membrane support with a synthesis gel comprising a first and a second templating agent. SAPO-34 crystals having a narrow size distribution were applied to the surface of the support prior to synthesis. A layer of SAPO-34 crystals is formed on at least one surface of the support. SAPO-34 membranes of the invention can have improved selectivity for certain gas mixtures, including mixtures of carbon dioxide and methane.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention there is provided a gas scrubbing system for removing contaminants from a flow of fluid, comprising a container having an interior volume, an inlet for receiving the flow of fluid and an outlet for dispensing the stream of fluid, a treatment liquid, a porous medium positioned in the interior volume, between the inlet and outlet, said porous medium providing a high surface area to facilitate chemical interactions between the fluid flow and the treatment liquid and means to apply the treatment liquid onto the porous medium. A contact cell aspect of the porous medium and a method aspect are also provided.