Abstract: Improved methods for heating a subsurface formation using an electrical resistance heater are provided. Preferably, the subsurface formation is an organic-rich rock formation, including, for example, an oil shale formation. One embodiment of the method includes providing an electrically conductive first member in a wellbore located in a subsurface formation, and also providing an electrically conductive second member in the wellbore. The method also includes providing an electrically conductive granular material in the wellbore. The granular material is positioned so as to provide an electrical connection between the first member and the second member. An electrical current is established across the first member, the granular material and the second member so as to generate resistive heat within the granular material. The surrounding subsurface formation is thereby conductively heated so as to cause formation hydrocarbons in the formation to be heated, and in some cases, pyrolyzed to form hydrocarbon fluids.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a rheological property of a fluid with a particulate includes: (a) a receptacle having a cylindrical side wall enclosed by a bottom wall defining a cavity for receiving a fluid to be tested; (b) an axial support adapted to be positioned in the cavity of the receptacle, whereby relative rotational motion can be imparted to the receptacle and the axial support; (c) at least one inward projection extending inward from an inside surface of the receptacle; (d) at least one outward projection extending outward from the axial support; and (e) at least one projection for directing fluid flow that has at least one major surface angled or curved upward. A method of testing a rheological property of a fluid with a particulate includes: (a) placing a sample of the fluid and the particulate in the apparatus; (b) imparting relative rotational motion to the receptacle and the axial support; and (c) measuring the torque between the receptacle and the axial support.

Abstract: A method for measuring formation property includes obtaining a set of measurements indicative of wellbore pressures for a selected duration after a pressure perturbation is created in a wellbore; obtaining at least one additional set of measurements indicative of formation pressures for the selected duration after the pressure perturbation; and deriving the formation property based on the set of measurements indicative of the wellbore pressures and the at least one additional set of measurements indicative of formation pressures. A system for measuring formation property includes a first pressure sensor disposed proximate a wellbore for measuring pressures in the wellbore; a second pressure sensor disposed in a formation at a predetermined distance from the wellbore; and a flow rate measuring device.

Abstract: A method of treating particulate hard materials driven to the surface of a well in a returning well flow in connection with a producing well or well stimulation operations in the petroleum production industry, the method including fragmentation of the hard particles by means of a crushing device, whereupon the fragmented hard particles are turned into a slurry which is then re-injected into an injection well.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are free flowing coated particles and low temperature methods of making same. Each particle has a curable coating disposed upon a substrate. The substrate is a particulate substrate including an inorganic material, a particulate substrate including an organic material, a composite substantially homogeneous formed particle including a first portion of an at least partly cured binder and filler particles, or a hybrid particle having an inorganic particle as a core and a composite coating including at least partially cured resin and filler. The curable coating includes a continuous phase including resole resin and reactive powder particles embedded or adhered to the continuous phase. The reactive powder particles typically include resole resin, novolak resin, polyester, acrylic and/or urethane. A method including applying a coating including the continuous phase including resole resin and reactive or non-reactive powder particles embedded or adhered to the continuous phase.

Abstract: A blow out preventer for operating between a spear of a tubular gripping tool and a tubular gripped by the tool includes: an expandable seal carried on the spear and expandable to seal between the spear and the tubular's inner wall, the expandable seal being operable as a back up to a primary seal operable between the spear and the tubular's inner wall. A tubular gripping tool and a method may include the blow out preventer.

Abstract: A carrier for at least one shaped charge, the carrier being disposable in use within an oil, gas, water or steam well bore. The carrier comprises a housing at least partially formed from a composite material which is non-frangible in normal use. The composite material component of the housing is arranged substantially to contain debris created within the carrier as a result of firing of the at least one shaped charge. The housing may be entirely of composite material or may comprise in inner metallic housing and an outer overwrap of composite material.

Abstract: A welihead assembly to seal to a production casing including one or more pressure-containing wellhead body members defining a vertical bore, with the lowermost of the wellhead body members sealing to the production casing. A fracturing isolation tool is sealed in the vertical bore of the wellhead body members above the production casing, and forms a pressure barrier profile in its internal bore. A removable protector sleeve is located at least partially within the fracturing isolation tool to seal, protect, isolate and cover the pressure barrier profile against a fracturing pressure and a fracturing fluid. After fracturing the protector sleeve is removed and a pressure barrier is sealed in the pressure barrier profile of the fracturing isolation tool. The invention also extends to the method of isolating the wellhead body members and to the fracturing isolation tool assembly which includes the fracturing isolation tool and the protector sleeve.

Abstract: Electronic control system for a submarine actuator, said actuator comprising a container body, from which a drive shaft projects that is suitable for inserting in a seat of said submarine device. The system comprises an electronic control board for at least one electric motor arranged inside said container body suitable for moving said drive shaft.

Abstract: A system and method is described for well intervention in subsea installed oil and gas wells, comprising a surface vessel (10), or rig, with equipment (22) for handling and controlling a connection string (20) for downhole tools, and also a system (26) for the supply and return of drilling fluid, from where the connection string (20) for the downhole tool runs down in an actual drilling hole (36) of a well on the subsea, where a X-mas tree (12) with associated blowout preventer (16) is arranged on the well, and where a return line (24) for drilling fluid runs up to said system (26) on the surface vessel or the rig. The connecting string (20) for downhole tools runs into the well through open sea without a riser or landing string being fitted, and a removable intervention valve (14) is arranged in the drilling hole (36), where the intervention valve is arranged to function as a testable, temporary barrier.

Abstract: During the completion of a subsea horizontal tree, a tubing hanger and internal tree cap are run together with the same running tool and running string. The running tool has a linking assembly that connects the tree cap to the tubing hanger during running, retrieval, or workover, so that the tree cap supports the weight of the tubing hanger and string of tubing. The linking assembly can be retrieved with the running tool or retrieved on wireline through the running string.

Abstract: A multiple stage tool for use with plunger lift is disclosed. The disclosed device can be removably positioned at a desired position in a well's tubing, thus providing an upper limit for the travel distance of a first plunger. Subsequent well tubing partitions can be established with the introduction of subsequent plungers followed by the disclosed device.

Abstract: A safety valve (100) replaces an existing safety valve (102) in order to isolate a production zone from a tubing string when closed. Preferably the safety valve (100) includes a flow interruption device (106) displaced by an operating conduit extending from a surface location to the safety valve (100) through the inside of the production tubing. A by-pass conduit (150) allows communication from a surface location to the production zone through the safety valve (100) without affecting the operation of the safety valve (100).

Abstract: A wellhead sealing apparatus and a method of preventing leakage from a wellhead while providing electrical conductors to the well are provided. The apparatus includes a housing that can be mounted to a wellhead and one or more electrical conductors which pass through the housing and are sealed to prevent leakage of fluids, for example, natural gas or methane, from the well head. One aspect of the invention includes a coupling assembly having a male or a female connector mounted in the housing and which is sealed with a hardenable fluid, for example, an adhesive, to minimize or prevent leakage from the housing. Aspects of the invention can be used to seal the electrical connections to wellheads containing harmful gases, such as methane or natural, gas, to minimize or prevent leakage of the gas.

Abstract: A liner hanger has a housing with a pocket disposed on an inner wall surface and a slip slidingly engaged within the pocket. The liner hanger housing is secured in the string of casing. A setting mechanism connected to the slips is also located in the pocket. An actuator is mounted on the liner. As the liner is moved through the casing coupler, the actuator actuates the setting mechanism, causing the slips to move axially downward. As the setting mechanism moves downward, the slips move radially inward and grip the liner.

Abstract: In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a system and method for forming an annular isolator between production tubing and a borehole wall is provided. A section of expandable tubing is installed in a borehole, and a sleeve disposed around a surface of the tubing cooperates with the tubing to form a fluid chamber. The sleeve includes a first portion that is predisposed to expand outwardly under fluid pressure from the fluid chamber, and a second portion that is configured such that, when expanded due to fluid pressure, the second portion stores energy that is biased to sustain the fluid pressure within the chamber, in response to a change in fluid volume. The tubing may be expanded using a tool disposed within the tubing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of elongating a setting time of a bridge plug or packer. The method includes, positioning the bridge plug or packer in a desired position within a wellbore, partially setting the bridge plug or packer with a first hydraulic pressure, controlling remotely a rate of application of a second hydraulic pressure, and completing the setting of the bridge plug or packer with the second hydraulic pressure, the second hydraulic pressure being greater than the first hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: A packing element includes a mandrel, at least one seal member having a Chevron shape and composed of a metal material, and an energizer in operable communication with the at least one seal member and a method for packing a tubular.

Abstract: The invention relates to a horseshoe which is compliant with the natural expansion and relative movement of the hoof of the horse during the hoof's impact with the ground surface. The horseshoe 200 according to the invention is made of a solid homogenous metal. The horseshoe comprises a toe section 210, two side sections 215 and two heel sections 220. At least one bending articulation region 216 is provided in each side section 215, said articulation regions realized by a local structural weakening of the horseshoe 200. According to one embodiment of the invention the horseshoe is provided with a ridge 225. The ridge has a first shape (a) in the toe section and a second shape (b) in the side sections wherein the second shape have a smaller cross sectional area than the first shape, the transitions forming the structural weakening.

Abstract: A mounting coupling for a fire sprinkler support system includes an adjustable opening for receiving a sprinkler reducer coupling that allows insertion of the sprinkler coupling into the mounting coupling with a sprinkler head assembled thereto. The mounting coupling can be securely engaged to the reducer coupling and fixed to a support bar of the sprinkler support system using a single fastener thereby providing improved installation and functionality.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for the rapid combustion of the fire load within reach of a fire and of the hot gases and smoke produced by the fire. The invention involves installing an external sheet and an internal sheet of reinforced concrete along the perimeter of, or at points along, the partitions, walls or facing of a building. The sheets are separated by an air chamber acting as a chimney. According to the invention, a chimney is connected to the chamber and to an inlet. The chimney also includes an outlet which is connected to the shaft or central duct thereof. The invention also includes an independent air chamber which is disposed in the external sheet external to the façade.

Abstract: A front suspension for a yard tool mounted on a bracket to a boom, the bracket having to support a drive shaft, a cutting disk, a shield and one or more front suspensions to dampen power transfer, the front suspension having a frame preferably connected to a wheel at a distal end and coupled to the bracket at a proximal end, the front suspension operated in parallel single orthogonal fold frameworks with height and width adjustments substantially below the yard tool center of mass, the front suspension having to support the yard tool in equilibrium in all operative and inoperative positions to save power, to guide the cutting disk with a longer and straighter cut, to dampen the cutting disk resistance adjacent to hard surfaces, and to fold away for the shield and cutting disk to perform soft yard grounds work.

Abstract: A sway block for a three-point hitch of an agricultural implement has a frame for supporting a tow hook; and the frame in turn has two substantially parallel right-angle plates. A respective pair of levers is hinged to each right-angle plate by pins; and each pair of levers is associated with a respective lock member operated from above by an operator using an actuating mechanism. The sway block performs the dual function of preventing sway and supporting a tow member.

Abstract: In lieu of rigid bars, a tillage reel utilizes a number of elongated flexible elements such as lengths of link chain that are spaced circumferentially around the reel and extend axially thereof. The flexible elements bow outwardly by centrifugal force as the reel rolls along the ground during tillage operations to impact and fracture clods encountered at the lower front extremity of the reel. When the reel is used in connection with strip till operations, the flexible elements bow upwardly and inwardly along the lower periphery of the reel as they engage and conform to the transverse cross-section of the strip till berm, thereby avoiding destruction of the berm notwithstanding the clod-pulverizing action provided by the flexible elements.

Abstract: A disc tiller soil working machine includes a chassis equipped with tillage implements having at least one front train and one rear train consisting of non-driven rotating discs, each disc or train of discs being independently coupled via a safety device to a support such as a beam shared by the assembly of discs of the train of discs. Each safety device permits the withdrawal of the disc or group of discs. Each disc of a train of discs is, when coupled to its support, rotationally driven about an axis that, together with the longitudinal axis of the support, forms an angle ? ranging from 3° to 40°. Each support is mounted on the chassis while being able to pivot about a vertical axis in a manner that permits the opening angle of the assembly of discs of the train of discs to be adjusted within a predetermined angular range.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for moving a scraping device are provided. The scraping device has a frame, a blade attached to the bottom of the frame, a tongue attached to a front end of the frame and a beam attached to a back end of the frame. Tires are connected to the beam. The scraping device has a front lift mechanism at the front end of the frame and/or a rear lift mechanism at the back end of the frame. The front lift mechanism has a front cylinder connected to the tongue and the front end of the frame. The rear lift mechanism has a rear cylinder attached to the back end of the frame. Movement of the front cylinder and the rear cylinder results in raising and/or lowering of the corresponding ends of the frame of the scraping device. Raising and/or lowering of the front end and/or the back end of the frame adjusts the angle of the frame relative to the ground, adjusts the angle of the blade relative to the ground and/or adjusts the ground clearance of the scraping device.

Abstract: A fastening tool with a clutch for shutting off transmission of torque, capable of self-diagnosing fastening torque of a screw or the like at low cost without using expensive means such as a torque sensor etc. A fastening tool (10) has a motor (13), a main shaft (20) engaging with a screw or the like, and a clutch (14) interposed between the motor (13) and the main shaft (20). The clutch (14) transmits torque from the motor (13) to the main shaft (20) when a load acting on the main shaft (20) is less than a predetermined value, and shuts off torque transmission from the motor (13) to the main shaft (20) when a load acting on the main shaft (20) is equal to or greater than the predetermined value. The fastening tool (10) further has a control unit (60) for controlling the motor (13).

Abstract: A portable cord-less hand-held device provides both a rotary movement and a vibration both together or each individually to a variety of heads. Each alternately removably attached to the handle of the device for performing a variety of functions requiring rotation or rotation and vibration simultaneously.

Abstract: The improved airflow control structure for pneumatic tools has an air inlet to receive external air, a cylinder located in a pneumatic tool and an air intake passage located between them. A valve bushing is provided to connect to the air intake passage and respectively connect a first air intake flow path and a second air intake flow path. The valve bushing holds a control bar which can alter the air intake flow path of the pneumatic tool to control the rotation of pneumatic tool in a positive direction or a reverse direction. As the valve bushing and the cylinder are integrally formed in one piece, the pneumatic tool can be adopted in a plastic housing. Through the control bar users can operate the pneumatic tool single-handed as convenient as to start, stop or regulate the pneumatic tool in positive or reverse rotations while using the same hand to hold it.

Abstract: Floating pistons are implemented in hydraulic rock drilling hammer, or hydraulic hammer breaker, or fluid DTH hammer. The chambers confined by the impact piston and the body case are connected via ports and the floating pistons. The pistons balance the pressure difference when pressure pulsation happens in the chambers during the reciprocating movement of impact piston. It dampens the pulsation, prevents cavitations and assists the forwarding and returning movement of impact piston. The device will also be potential to increase the efficiency and impact power of hammers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system (1) for conducting lightning currents and/or fault currents away from a roof area (2) and/or façade area of a building (3) to the ground (4). According to the invention, the system is equipped with at least one strip (5), which is laid in the roof area (2) and/or façade area of the building (3) and at least one potential compensation system for the building (3). The strip (5) comprises at least one electrically conductive layer for shielding electromagnetic radiation and the strip (5) is connected to the potential compensation system in such a way that lightning currents and/or fault currents can be conducted away via the strip (5) and the building potential to the ground (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a clamping device for clamping fittings in electric board channels, comprising a rod element which can be engaged in a cavity formed in electric component channels and coupled, through an end piece, to a fitting supporting body, the supporting body being adapted to be locked on the channels by causing the supporting body to turn about an axis substantially perpendicular to the rod element.

Abstract: The present invention is a crosslinked automotive wire comprising a metal conductor, a flame retardant insulation layer surrounding the metal conductor, and optionally, a wire jacket surrounding the insulation layer. The automotive wire passes the specifications of one or more several automotive cable testing protocols: (a) SAE J-1128, (b) ISO-6722, (c) LV 112, (d) Chrysler MS-8288, and (e) Renault 36-36-05-009/-L. In particular, the flame retardant insulation layer is prepared from a crosslinkable thermoplastic polymer and a metal carbonate. The flame retardant composition for making the insulation layer demonstrates economic and processing improvements over conventional solutions. The present invention is also a method for preparing a low tension primary automotive wire and the automotive wire made therefrom.

Abstract: A printed micro coaxial cable has a first metal shield layer, a first insulative layer formed on the first metal shield layer, and a conductive layer printed on the first insulative layer. The conductive layer includes a plurality of conductive transmitters spaced from each other. Two conductive transmitters are defined as a transmission pair. A second insulative layer is formed on the conductive layer. A second metal shield layer is formed on the second insulative layer. The printed micro coaxial cable of the present invention is manufactured by means of printing, simplifying manufacture process and reducing cost.

Abstract: A conductive filler comprising a conductive felt and a non-conductive resin for use in a Roebel bar or winding and the manufacture of the conductive filler and Roebel bar or winding.

Abstract: A transmission cable and method for manufacturing same are provided. A plurality of signal lines are formed on one side of an insulating layer and ground lines are formed between the signal lines. The ground lines are electrically connected with a shield layer formed on a back surface of the insulating layer through metal bumps formed and embedded in the insulating layer. Insulating layers and shield layers may be formed on opposite sides sandwiching the signal lines and the ground lines. In this case, the ground lines are electrically connected with the shield layers, respectively, through metal bumps on both sides thereof. Consequently, a highly reliable transmission cable capable of high rate transfer and large capacity transfer can be provided.

Abstract: An electrode pattern for wire-bonding includes: a wire-bonding reference pattern indicating a reference position for determination of a wire-bonding position; and a wire-bonding recognition pattern. The distance between the reference position and a wire-bonding metal portion bonded to the electrode pattern and the distance between the wire-bonding recognition pattern and the wire-bonding metal portion satisfy predetermined relationships.

Abstract: A twisted pair symmetric bus bar structure for electric power distribution includes a first conductor; a second conductor; an insulator; wherein the first conductor and the second conductor form an interwoven alternating interlocking pattern; wherein the first and second conductors are formed from a series of Z-shaped sections; wherein the insulator is H-shaped and has a series of slots for receiving the first and second conductors; and wherein the insulator is sandwiched between the first and second conductor.

Abstract: A grommet 1 has a central shaft 2 through which a wire harness 5 is inserted. A circular connection portion 31 is provided continuously to the periphery of the central shaft 2. A convex cross-sectionally V-shaped ring-like lip 32 is extensibly provided to the circular connection portion 31 in the direction of the center of the central shaft. A flange portion 33 is provided continuously to the lip portion 32. When the grommet 1 is assembled to a body panel 10, the lip 32 of the grommet 1 is extended in the direction of the center of the central shaft 2 of the grommet 1, thereby reducing the diameter of the lip 32. Then, the lip 32 is inserted into the through hole 12 of the body panel 10. Thus, a low insertion force is sufficient when the grommet is inserted thereinto. Consequently, the assemblability of the grommet 1 is enhanced.

Abstract: A printed circuit board and a design method thereof are disclosed. The design method includes: wiring signal lines on an area basis at inner layers adjacent to outer surface layers; arranging the outer surface layers with no wiring or few wirings and interconnecting the outer surface layers by way of through vias, so that the outer surface layers function as a primary ground; and setting parameters of a line width and a layer height to control a target impedance value. The printed circuit board includes outer surface layers and two inner layers therebetween. The inner layers adjacent to the outer surface layers are used for arranging signal lines on an area basis; and the outer surface layers are arranged with no wiring or few wirings and are interconnected as a primary ground through vias. The invention also discloses a mainboard of a terminal product using the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A method and structure are provided for implementing flexible circuits of various electronic packages and circuit applications. A meshed reference plane includes a variable mesh pitch arranged for control of mechanical flexibility. A dielectric core separates a signal layer from the variable pitch meshed reference plane. An electrically conductive coating covers the surface of the variable pitch meshed reference plane yielding substantially constant signal impedance for the signal layer.

Abstract: A flip-chip substrate is disclosed, which comprises a core substrate including an aluminum oxide substrate and a first circuit layer, wherein the aluminum oxide substrate has a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of conductive through holes, the conductive through holes connect the top surface and the bottom surface the first circuit layer disposed on the top surface and the bottom surface and electrically connects to the conductive through holes; and a built-up structure disposed on the top surface and the bottom surface and electrically connecting to the first circuit layer. Moreover, the conductive through holes are formed by forming plural through holes through electrolyzing, and then forming a first seed layer and a first metal layer inside the through holes. Therefore, the problem of substrate warpage can be prevented, and the wiring density of the flip-chip substrate can be improved.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin composition contains a polyimide resin component (A) containing at least one polyimide resin, an amine component (B) containing at least one amine, an epoxy resin component (C) containing at least one epoxy resin, and an imidazole component (D) containing at least one imidazole.

Abstract: An electronic device including electronic circuit structures formed with an electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) with low and stable contact resistance including at least one melt-processable reactive resin, at least one reactive diluent, at least one rheological additive, at least one curing agent, at least one organic acid catalyst, and copper particles. The ECA is useful for filling vias, and bonding together components of electronic circuit structures.

Abstract: The objective of present invention is to provide an electroplating solution capable of forming the upper face of a via-hole and the upper face of a conductor circuit in the same layer in approximately the same plane at the time of manufacturing a multilayer printed circuit board. The electroplating solution of the present invention is characterized by containing 50 to 300 g/L of copper sulfate, 30 to 200 g/L of sulfuric acid, 25 to 90 mg/L of chlorine ion, and 1 to 1000 mg/L of an additive comprising at least a levelling agent and a brightener.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an interconnection structure which is formed by a method comprising providing a first conductive substrate, a second conductive substrate, and an insulating substrate; respectively forming a first circuit and a second circuit on the first conductive substrate and the second conductive substrate; forming a conductive bump on the second circuit; and connecting the insulating substrate with the first circuit and the second circuit by pressing the first conductive substrate, the insulating substrate and the second conductive substrate, wherein the conductive bump penetrates the insulating substrate to contact the first circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus fixing power cable to insulator, which clamps the head of an insulator to fix power cable to the insulator head, easily and firmly.

Abstract: A flangeless mounting system, suitable for in-wall speakers and other components, includes a panel that is finished to provide at least a superficially continuous junction between the edges of the panel and the surrounding wall, ceiling, or other structure. A rim advantageously extends outwardly from a first surface of the panel by a small distance, which in currently preferred embodiments is about 1/16th inch to ?th inch. A collar is preferably installed about the inner edge of the opening, and a receiver is attached to the collar or directly to the panel. Magnetic, threaded, detent, and frictional means are contemplated for maintaining the component in position relative to the receiver.

Abstract: A dual-clamp device attaches a pair of metal clad cables to a junction box. The clamp device is integrally formed defining a pair of side-by-side cable receiving members separated by a central web. Each cable receiving member is generally in the form of an elongate split cylinder permitting radial resilient movement. Forward fingers on each cable insertion end of the cable receiving member provides for engagement with the wall in the junction box upon insertion. The cable receiving member supports the wall of the junction box between the forward fingers and a spring tab on the central web.

Abstract: A flexible wiring cable includes a first wiring assembly connected to a load, a second wiring assembly connected to the first wiring assembly and extending toward an external signal source, and a circuit element mounted on the first wiring assembly to drive the load. The second wiring assembly is connected to the first wiring assembly at a position between the mounted circuit element and a connection point with the load. Thus, the heat of the circuit element is also transferred to the second wiring assembly, so that the effect of the heat on the load is reduced.