Abstract: The present invention is a solar powered light assembly mounted at distal end of a flexible neck support, where a proximal end is fixed to a top of an exterior panel housing of an exterior panel that supports the neck support and light in a position which can be easily manipulated by a user. Presented at an underside of the exterior panel is a first flat magnet generally co-extensive with the entire underside of the exterior panel. An interior panel comprises a second flat magnet with approximately the peripheral shape as that of the first flat magnet. A secure fixation of the exterior panel on an outside surface of a mailbox, regardless of the location on said outside surface, can be achieved by the invention assembly by placing an upper surface of the interior panel adjacent to a portion of the relatively thin wall of the mailbox where the underside of the exterior panel has been located.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light (1) comprising means (3a) for retaining and electrically connecting at least one elongate light source (2) and a light-influencing element (10) which is located next to the light source (2) and is composed of several individual elements (15). Said elements (15) that form the light-influencing element (10) can be swiveled or rotated independently of each other about an axis that extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the light source (2).

Abstract: A light includes a light-producing inner tube, and an outer tube positioned around the light-producing inner tube; the light-producing inner tube has electrical terminals at two ends thereof, which sticks out of the outer tube; the outer tube has a light reflecting film on an outer side of a first portion thereof; an inner side of the first portion of the outer tube is processed so as to have a rough and lumpy surface, which can cause light produce by the light-producing inner tube to travel in all directions; the outer tube has a fluorescent layer on each of inner and outer sides of a second portion thereof, which make the second portion of the outer tube more pervious to light.

Abstract: A luminaire contains a main light source the light of which is emitted by the luminaire, and an additional light source the light of which is mixed with the light of the main light source before the emission thereof. In accordance with the invention a part of the light issued by the additional light source is, with respect to the light emitted by the main light source, issued by the luminaire housing directed to the side or to the rear side.

Abstract: A lighting assembly having a plurality of light sources and a lens matrix having a plurality of lenses. The lens matrix may be positioned relative to the light sources so that each light source resides in a first orientation within one of the lenses and emits a light distribution. Relative translation between the light sources and the lens matrix alters the orientation of the light sources within the lenses, creating a different light distribution. A light source's orientation may change within the same lens, or the light source may translate to a different lens to alter the distribution of its emitted light.

Abstract: An LED apparatus of the type having a mounting board, an LED package thereon with a primary lens, and a secondary lens member over the primary lens and establishing a light path therebetween, includes a resilient member against the secondary lens member in position other than in the light path, the resilient member yieldingly constraining the secondary lens member and accommodating secondary lens member movement caused by primary lens thermal expansion during operation.

Abstract: In an embodiment of an LED light fixture, the fixture includes a housing defining a chamber and an LED module that is outside the chamber and adjacent to the housing. The LED module includes a mounting board with a plurality of LED packages mounted thereon and a cover over the mounting board. The cover and the mounting board together form a module interior and the cover is configured to expose the LED packages. The improvement in this light fixture includes a rigid wireway between the LED module and the housing and defining a passageway between the module interior and the chamber.

Abstract: An LED apparatus including (a) a mounting board, (b) a plurality of LED packages thereon, (c) a lens member over each LED package, and (d) a safety barrier positioned over the mounting board, the barrier having sufficient thickness for enclosure of electrical elements on the mounting board and including a plurality of openings each sized to permit light from an LED package to pass therethrough and through a light-transmission portion of the lens member over such LED package to prevent finger-contact of electrical elements on the mounting board when the light-transmission portion is not present.

Abstract: A display device comprising a body member having a side member which, in plan view, conforms to a first profile; characterised by a first transparent member (15) located within, and by, the body member (12) the first transparent member (15) having a boundary (16) conforming to and lying within the first profile, a second transparent member (17) located within, and by, the body member (12) the second transparent member (17) having a boundary (18) conforming to and lying within the first profile and being spaced from the first transparent member (15) so as to provide a first plenum chamber (19) bounded by the first and second transparent body members (15, 17) and the body member (12); a carrier (20) having a plurality of sources of light (L1 to L5, LL1 to LL6 . . .

Abstract: The present invention provides a high power LED electro-optic assembly (40) including conductive heat sink (18) and an LED (14) mounted at one end of the heat sink. The LED (14) is in electrical engagement with the heat sink (18). The assembly (40) also includes a reflector (2) mounted at the other end of the heat sink. An insulating bond material (19) is provided between the reflector and the sink. The assembly (40) further includes a conductive bonding pin (15) extending through the reflector (12) and is in conductive engagement therewith and an electrical engagement (16) which electrically engages the pin (15) to the LED (14). Finally, an electric sleeve assembly (30) where the sleeve (32) is coated with an electrical insulating coating (34) is applied to the LED electro-optic assembly.

Abstract: A fountain lighting system including a light engine head containing an LED light engine and a control housing containing control gear electronics includes a fixture support providing thermal separation between the light engine head and the control housing. The fixture support includes a lid with a bar extending from the edge thereof. The lid closes the control housing while the bar mounts the light engine head. An anchoring mount is also on the bar. The lid includes receptacles for receiving power, control and light engine cables with wicking barriers separating the various components provided in the lid itself. Temperature sensors in the light engine head and in the control housing send data communication to the control gear electronics to limit power to avoid thermal loading. The control gear electronics modulates the power to prevent apparent cycling. A pool lighting system provides similar features in a niche. A gap open to the niche thermally separates the light engine head from the control housing.

Abstract: A lighting fixture (20-23) mechanically encloses a LED module (30), which includes at least one LED (40) and can further include a LED driver (50) in electrical communication with the LED(s) (40) to operably provide a LED drive signal to the at least one LED (40), a thermal management system (60) in thermal communication with the LED(s) (40) and the lighting fixture (20-23) to facilitate a heat transfer from the LED(s) (40) to the lighting fixture (20-23), and/or a beam shaper (70) in optical communication with the LED(s) (40) to modify an illumination profile of a radiation beam emitted by the LED(s) (40).

Abstract: A light device comprising a side emitting light source (1) having a predetermined spatial intensity distribution, at least one optical element (2) and a base (3) as a heat sink, on which the light source (1) is supported, whereby the light device is formed in such a way that different optical elements (2) are mountable on the base (3) in order to achieve individual characteristics of light (6) leaving the light device.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system for lighting target areas with bollard or pagoda style or type lights in a controlled and efficient manner. The apparatus includes a housing with a light source, optic system, and a control circuit. The light source and optic system are configured to produce a highly controlled output beam pattern and shield from normal viewing angles direct sight of the source. This enables control of glare and spill light which can improve effectiveness, efficiency, and energy usage.

Abstract: The electric lamp/reflector unit has a molded reflector body (1) comprising a hollow neck-shaped portion (5). An electric lamp (10) having a lamp vessel (1), enclosing a space (12) in which an electric element (13) is arranged, and provided with a first (14) and a second, opposed end portion (15) is fixed at its first end portion (14) within the neck-shaped portion (5). At least one outer current conductor (16, 17) extends from the electric element (13) to the outer surface (23) of the lamp/reflector unit via a punched duct (25) in the reflector portion (2) of the molded reflector body (1). Said duct essentially extends in a direction transverse to the outer surface of the reflector body.

Abstract: A wide area lighting fixture includes a relatively large visor extending from a bowl shaped fixture reflector. The distal portion of the visor extends relatively far outwardly and downwardly and around the fixture opening. In operating position, the visor blocks most or all off field direct view of the light source in the fixture. Optionally a light absorbing surface or insert can be placed at the very bottom of the bowl shaped reflector to absorb or otherwise stop light that otherwise might go off-field to further control spill light, glare, and sky glow or uplight.

Abstract: A light emitting diode includes a base board, at least one light emitting diodes fitted on an upper side of the base board, and a light shade made of either of glass and quartz, which is secured over said at least one light emitting diodes on the base board; the light shade has a fluorescent powder layer on a top thereof for changing color of light; the light shade has a reflecting layer on lateral wall portions thereof for reflecting light produced by the light emitting diodes such that light gathers at the top of the light shade to be brighter; furthermore, in manufacturing, the lateral wall portions of the light shade are soaked in and etched with hydrofluoric acid so as to have irregular depressions and lumps on the surfaces to enhance reflectivity of the reflecting layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an illumination device including a cylindrical light source and a curved mirror for reflecting light radiated from the cylindrical light source, wherein the curved mirror has a light reflection surface which has a shape of a portion of an elliptic curve having a first focal point and a second focal point on a reference axis of the curved surface, in a cross-sectional surface perpendicular to the axial direction of the light source, and the cylindrical light source is disposed on the reference axis at a position between the first focal point and the second focal point, a light irradiation apparatus including the illumination device, and a method for producing a photoreaction product sheet using the irradiation apparatus.

Abstract: The invention concerns a light guide element whose cross-sectional surface widens continuously at least in areas from a light inlet surface to a light outlet surface, as well as a light unit with at least one LED as light source and with a light guide element. For this purpose the light guide element includes at least one area with a curved directrix, in which the curvature of the directrix in this area is constant or which the curvature of the directrix in this area diminishes with increasing cross section of the light guide element. With the present invention the light guide element and a light unit are developed, which permits a soft transition of illumination intensity in a sharply delimited light-dark boundary of the illuminated area on the other edges.

Abstract: A light shade of a light emitting component includes a body, which is solid and pervious-to-light body, and made of glass/quartz, and has a straight bottom surface, and a spherical upper surface; the body of the light shade has undergone a surface-dimming process to have a lumpy surface, which has depressions and lumps all over, so as to substantially improve in its refracting capability; thus, light-emitting efficiency and brightness of the light emitting component are obviously enhanced.

Abstract: A light source having a die carrier, a lead frame, and an insulating body is disclosed. The die carrier includes a die mounting section connected to a heat transfer section. The die mounting section includes a die mounting area having a lead pad opening contained within the die mounting area. The lead frame includes a lead pad. An electrically insulating material fills the voids between the die carrier and the lead frame to maintain the lead frame and die carrier such that a surface of the heat transfer section is exposed on a surface of the body, the lead pad is positioned in the lead pad opening, and the die carrier is electrically isolated from the lead frame. A plurality of dies are attached to the die mounting area and connected to the lead pad.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly for mounting an LED module to a surrounding main heat sink member is disclosed. The heat sink assembly has a first plate with inner and outer faces and a peripheral edge. The assembly further includes a second plate that is movable with respect to the first plate and has inner and outer faces and an inwardly-tapered peripheral camming surface. Also included in the assembly is an expandable ring sandwiched between the first and second plates. The ring has an inward peripheral edge that engages the camming surface and an outward heat-transfer surface. The ring is expandable beyond the peripheries of the first and second plates. The heat sink assembly also has a sandwiching-device that adjustably interconnects the first and second plates such that sandwiching of the ring facilitates heat-transfer engagement of the heat-transfer surface with the main heat sink member.

Abstract: A lighting system freely moving along a track having trolley bars. The track-movable lighting system includes the track (10) fixedly installed on a ceiling of a structure; a plurality of transport units (20) installed on the track (10) so that the transport units (20) can move along the track (10) by means of motors (23); lighting devices (30) respectively installed on the transport units (20) so that the lighting devices (30) can move together with the movement of the transport units (20); and control devices for respectively controlling the movement of the corresponding transport units (20) and the operation of the corresponding lighting devices (30).

Abstract: A bulb retainer device for use with bulbs such as halogen burner bulbs on vehicles subject to vibration and oscillation. The bulb has a flat burner glass press area and a receptacle is used for mounting the bulb in position to function as a light. A one piece metal sheet bulb retainer is mounted on the receptacle. The retainer has a circular drawn cup in its surface for slidably mounting the retainer on the receptacle. The retainer further has a plurality of arcuate fingers in the cup and sized to engage the bulb flat burner glass press area to restrain movement thereof. The preferred number of fingers is four and the retainer is fixedly mounted on the retainer after assembly.

Abstract: A device for replacing a lamp of a light source of a motor vehicle lighting and/or signalling system, comprising a reflecting element, the light source, with a lamp support, secured to the lamp to be replaced, the lamp support providing the holding, in an operating configuration, of the lamp within the reflector, an outer lens for allowing the light rays produced by the light source to pass in the form of a light beam along an optical axis, a housing holding the outer lens and the reflecting element, the lamp support being disposed opposite an opening provided in the housing of the device, and being accessible from the outside of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A lamp for a vehicle, includes a first reflector which forms a reflecting plane inclining to an optical axis disposed at a position opposed to a light source; a second reflector which is arranged at a light source side and reflects light reflected by the first reflector; and an outer lens which transmits light reflected by the second reflector, the first reflector being extended lengthwise, and being formed integrally with the second reflector, a slit being provided at a position of the second reflector opposed to the first reflector, and the light of the light source being emitted through the slit.

Abstract: A vehicular light assembly, comprising: a housing and a lens cover, wherein at least one of the housing and lens cover includes at least one previously damaged sub-component which has been repaired utilizing a mold from a vehicular light assembly and/or assembly sub-component void of damage relative to the repaired sub-component.

Abstract: An optical module for an elliptical motor vehicle lighting device, the optical module comprising in particular a reflector, a light source emitting light rays, and a projection lens, the reflector having a reflecting internal face for reflecting towards the projection lens at least some of the light rays emitted by the light source. The internal face of the reflector is formed by the joining of at least a first portion of a first ellipsoid shape and a second portion of a second ellipsoid shape, the first ellipsoid shape having a first principal focus and a second principal focus, the second ellipsoid shape having a first principal focus and a second principal focus, the second principal focus of the first ellipsoid shape being merged with the first principal focus of the second ellipsoid shape.

Abstract: An electrically illuminated artificial plant display may include a plurality of individual plant sprays, each spray including optical fibers and branch members bearing light emitting diodes, the optical fibers and branch members terminating at a plug that includes a readily replaceable colored lens to filter light which is transmitted to the fiber optic members and electrical contacts for transmitting power to the diodes disposed on the branch members. The plug may be insertable into a base unit that includes a plurality of receptacles, each receptacle adapted to receive a single plug. The receptacles may each include both electrical contacts and a light emitting diode such that the lens in the plug is positioned between the base unit's light emitting diode and the ends of the fiber optic cables when the plug is in an installed position.

Abstract: A light source apparatus including a light emitting module and a reflection microstructure layer is provided. The light emitting module emits a light. The reflection microstructure layer is disposed at the base of the light source apparatus and reflects an incident light emitted by the light emitting module in substantially a same direction.

Abstract: A light guide panel is disclosed. The panel comprises a plate for dispersing light and at least one light-emitting diode (LED) coupled to the plate for providing the dispersed light. When the panel is coupled to a keyboard, the at least one LED is under a portion of the keyboard such that when the at least one LED is illuminated, the light from the LED does not distract a user. Accordingly, by strategically placing LEDs within the panel and providing the LEDs under appropriate portions of the keyboard, the device utilizing the keyboard can be smaller than when a conventional light guide panel is utilized. In addition, a further improvement in illumination is provided when a mechanism is provided which reflects light escaping from the edges of the panel back into the panel.

Abstract: An LED light source device and an illumination device using the same, including vehicle lighting devices, can have a light weight and thin profile and can form a desired light distribution pattern while employing a simple configuration. The light source device can include a plate shaped light guide member made of a material that is transparent in a visible range. The light guide member can have a front surface serving as a light emitting surface and having a plate shape, and a rear surface having a luminance control element for controlling a luminance distribution on the light emitting surface. A point or linear light source facing towards an end surface of the light guide member can be provided.

Abstract: A protecting sheet 112 having a transparent rubber-like resin 113 formed on a transparent board 114 is interposed between a light emitting plane 123 of a light guiding plate 111 and a surface, at which prisms 116 are formed, of a prism sheet 115 in such a manner that the transparent rubber-like resin 113 is brought into contact with vertexes of the prisms 116. The transparent rubber-like resin 113 holds the prism sheet without any deformation without any application of external force, thus preventing any occurrence of an optical close contact between the prism sheet 115 and the protecting sheet 112. In contrast, the transparent rubber-like resin 113 is deformed with the application of the external force, thus preventing any breakage of the prism 116.

Abstract: A device (1) for supplying electric current to the fuel pump (2) of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine (3) comprises a DC/DC converter (13) which increases voltage to a predetermined value in the event of a voltage drop of a direct current source (7). This ensures an adequate voltage supply of the fuel pump (2) even at low voltages of the direct voltage source. When the voltage (15) of the direct voltage source (7) is sufficient, the DC/DC converter (13) is bridged, so that the fuel pump (2) is directly supplied with fuel from the direct voltage source (7). The DC/DC converter is also bridged when the device is faulty.

Abstract: There are provided an inductive load current control circuit for detecting and controlling a current flowing to an inductive load with high accuracy, and a power supply. The inductive load current control circuit includes first and second switch elements connected in series between an input voltage and a ground potential, an inductive load connected to a connection point between the first and second switch elements, a third switch element having one terminal connected to the connection point between the first and second switch elements, a current comparator connected to another terminal of the third switch element to compare an output current of the third switch element with a reference current, decide and output a magnitude relation, and a switch element control circuit that controls transition from a state in which the second switch element is turned on to a state in which the first switch element is turned on according to an output of the current comparator.

Abstract: A dual output programmable power supply is disclosed. The dual output programmable power supply includes an AC input train including an active power factor correction circuit, a half-bridge square wave driver coupled to the AC input train through a boot strap circuit, and a pair of primary side transistors coupled to a transformer, the primary side transistors being driven by the half-bridge square wave driver. Four transistors in a bridge configuration are coupled to a transformer secondary side and to a DC input, the four transistors being driven as a bridge of active synchronous rectifiers by a full-bridge gate driver in an AC mode of operation, and the four transistors being driven as a full-bridge square wave converter by the full-bridge gate driver in a DC mode of operation. A pair of DC/DC converters is coupled to an output of the four transistors in the bridge configuration, each DC/DC converter providing a regulated output.

Abstract: A power control system includes a switching power converter and a controller, and the controller responds to a time-varying voltage source signal by generating a switch control signal having a period that varies in accordance with at least one of the following: (i) the period of the switch control signal trends inversely to estimated power delivered to a load coupled to the switching power converter, (ii) the period of the switch control signal trends inversely to instantaneous voltage levels of the voltage source signal, and (iii) the period of the switch control signal trends directly with a line voltage level of the time-varying voltage source signal. In at least one embodiment, the controller achieves an efficient correlation between the switching period with associated switching losses and the instantaneous power transferred to the switching power converter while providing power factor correction (PFC).

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor device of which a manufacturing process is simplified and which has a boosting circuit in which the area of a capacitor element is reduced. The present invention includes a plurality of rectifying elements which is connected in series and has a rectifying function from a first input terminal portion to an output terminal portion; a first wiring and a second wiring, which are connected to a second input terminal portion, into which a signal and a signal obtained by inverting the signal are respectively input; and a boosting circuit including a plurality of capacitor elements each having a first electrode, an insulating film, and a second electrode and storing a boosted potential. The plurality of capacitor elements includes a capacitor element in which the first electrode and the second electrode are formed using conductive films, and a capacitor element in which at least the second electrode is formed using a semiconductor film.

Abstract: A power supply device includes a first switching element, a second switching element, a transformer having a primary coil, a low-pass filter including an input port connected to the secondary coil, an output terminal connected to an output port of the low-pass filter, a detector for outputting a voltage that follows a voltage at the output terminal, a reference signal generator for generating a reference voltage, a comparator unit for outputting a signal based on a result of comparison between the voltage supplied from the detector and the reference voltage, and an operation pause circuit controlling the first and second switching elements. The operation pause circuit is operable to drive the first and second switching elements according to the signal output from the comparator unit, and to cause the first and second switching elements not to conduct regardless of the signal output from the comparator unit.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a synchronous rectification control circuit, comprising at least one switch unit, a pulse width control unit, a transformer, a first rectification unit, a second rectification unit, a plurality of driving units, a logic operation unit and a signal transmission unit. The logic operation unit is used for receiving a working cycle signal generated by the pulse width control unit. When the working cycle signal is changed, the signal transmission unit transmits a switching signal for changing the working conditions of the first and second rectification units at a secondary side of the transformer, so as to switch the first and second rectification units before the switch unit operates and prevent possible short circuits or overlaps.

Abstract: The inverter device contains three sets of series circuit formed by connecting two switching elements (2) in series between a positive terminal and a negative terminal of DC power supply (1). Connecting points of the two switching elements are connected to motor (11). DC voltage of DC power supply (1) is switched by PWM 3-phase modulation so that a sinusoidal wave-shaped AC current is fed to the motor. Upper-arm switching elements connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply increase or decrease an ON period equally in all phases for a carrier cycle in the PWM 3-phase modulation so as to provide two conducting period in the carrier cycle.

Abstract: A memory cell for use in a content-addressable memory comprises a first latch and a second latch. The first latch is operative to store a first bit associated with a first stored word, while the second latch is operative to store a second bit associated with a second stored word. The first and second latches collectively comprise a plurality of latch transistors. Each of the latch transistors comprises a respective channel. The channels of the latch transistors are oriented in substantially the same direction, resulting in a very compact memory cell implementation.

Abstract: A low power content addressable memory (CAM) device. The CAM device receives an N-bit comparand value and, in response, activates less than N compare lines within the CAM device to compare each of the N bits of the comparand value with contents of CAM cells coupled to the N compare lines.

Abstract: Some embodiments include vertical stacks of memory units, with individual memory units each having a memory element, a wordline, a bitline and at least one diode. The memory units may correspond to cross-point memory, and the diodes may correspond to band-gap engineered diodes containing two or more dielectric layers sandwiched between metal layers. Tunneling properties of the dielectric materials and carrier injection properties of the metals may be tailored to engineer desired properties into the diodes. The diodes may be placed between the bitlines and the memory elements, or may be placed between the wordlines and memory elements. Some embodiments include methods of forming cross-point memory arrays. The memory arrays may contain vertical stacks of memory unit cells, with individual unit cells containing cross-point memory and at least one diode.

Abstract: A memory includes a first-type memory; and a second-type memory, formed on the first-type memory, wherein the first-type memory is a nonvolatile memory with a stack of conductor/storage/conductor, and the second-type memory is a nonvolatile memory, a flash memory or another memory with a stack of conductor/storage/conductor. In addition, the nonvolatile memory can include a storage element for each memory cell, including a bottom electrode layer; a memory material layer, disposed over the bottom electrode layer, wherein the memory material has at least two physical states under different electric operation condition; and a top electrode layer, disposed over the memory material layer.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes multiple first bit lines extending in a first direction, multiple word lines formed on the first bit lines and extending in a second direction different from the first direction, and multiple second bit lines, formed on the word lines and extending in the first direction. The nonvoliative memory device also includes multiple twin memory cells, each of which includes a first memory cell coupled between a first bit line and a word line and a second memory cell coupled between the word line and a second bit line. The first and second memory cells store different data.

Abstract: A design structure embodied in a machine readable medium used in a design process includes a static random access memory (SRAM) device having a pair of cross-coupled, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverters configured as a storage cell for a bit of data, a first pair of transfer gates configured to couple complementary internal nodes of the storage cell to a corresponding pair of bitlines during a read operation of the device; and a second pair of transfer gates configured to couple the storage cell nodes to the pair of bitlines during a write operation of the device, wherein impedance between the bitlines and the storage cell nodes during the write operation is less than that for the read operation, wherein impedance between the bitlines and the storage cell nodes during the write operation is less than that for the read operation.

Abstract: A memory device and method for manufacturing the memory device are provided. The memory device including a first electrode, a first ferroelectric polymer layer over the first electrode, a second electrode over the first ferroelectric polymer layer, a second ferroelectric polymer layer over the second electrode, a third electrode over the second ferroelectric polymer layer, and a protective layer between the first and second ferroelectric polymer layers. The first, second and third electrodes and the first and second ferroelectric polymer layers define first and second ferroelectric capacitor structures, the second electrode being common to the first and second ferroelectric capacitor structures.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic memory cell is disclosed. The cell includes a bit (10), made of a ferromagnetic material, having a remnant polarity. The cell also includes a read drive line (20) coupled to a first portion of the bit (10), to feed a current into the bit (10). A sense conductor (30) is coupled to a second portion of the bit (10), to receive the current from the bit (10). The current conducted through the bit (10) is responsive to the polarity of the bit (10). A method is also disclosed for determining the magnetic polarity of a ferromagnetic bit (10). In this method, a bit (10) is provided that is made of ferromagnetic material and has a remnant polarity. An input current (50) is fed into the bit (10) through a read drive line (20) coupled to a first portion of the bit (10). An output current (60) is received from the bit (10) through a sense conductor (30) coupled to a second portion of the bit (10). The current conducted through the bit (10) is responsive to the polarity of the bit (10).

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a memory device includes a plurality of resistivity changing memory cells including a current path input terminal and a current path output terminal, respectively, and a plurality of select devices. Each current path output terminal is connected to at least one different current path output terminal via at least one select device.