Abstract: An optical pickup free from tracking error signal variation when playing back a double-layered disc, and coping with incompatible optical discs, such as BDs and HD DVDs, includes a laser light source, a first polarization rotation element for rotating a polarization direction of an optical beam from the source, an optical branching element disposed in a position after the polarization rotation element to reflect or transmit an optical beam according to polarization of the beam, first and second object lenses for focusing the reflected and transmitted optical beams onto first and second optical discs, respectively, a photodetector for sensing reflected light from the first and second optical discs, and a second polarization rotation element disposed after reflection or transmission of the reflected light from the first and second optical discs conducted by the branching element, to rotate a polarization direction of the reflected light.

Abstract: A disc device includes a lens that focuses a laser light on an optical disc surface, a focus drive unit that drives the lens in a focusing direction, a focus control unit that controls to focus the laser light on the optical disc surface, a focus displacement detecting unit that detects a displaced amount in the focusing direction, a differentiation unit that differentiates a focus displacement detected signal, and a unit that inverts a sign of a differentiated signal, thereby, the disc device is driven intermittently to restrain a motion of an objective lens in a focusing direction and avoid colliding the objective lens with the optical disc surface.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a focus position control method includes irradiating a beam to an optical disc via an objective lens, receiving reflected light and outputting a signal, generating a focus error signal, detecting an amplitude of a signal high-pass-filtering the signal, detecting an intensity of a signal low-pass-filtering the signal, supplying a driving voltage corresponding to the focus error signal to a drive coil configured to move the objective lens to an optical axis direction of the beam when the amplitude is larger than the first value, or when the amplitude is not larger than the first value and the intensity is smaller than the second value, and supplying a driving voltage having a constant voltage value to the drive coil when the amplitude is not larger than the first value and the intensity is not smaller than the second value.

Abstract: In an optical disc apparatus, a CPU controls a focus control circuit, and a focus offset for adjusting a height of an objective lens is set. A spindle motor control circuit, a laser driver circuit, and an RF amplifier are controlled. When an optical disc is rotated by using the set focus offset in a state where a tracking servo is not performed, an envelope of a full addition signal or a RF signal obtained from each focused focal point corresponding to the objective lens in a land and a groove is detected. An amplitude level of the envelope is measured, and a focus control circuit is controlled. By using the focus offset with which the amplitude level of the envelope of the full addition signal or the RF signal is minimized, a focus offset used when recording or reproduction of the optical disc is performed is determined.

Abstract: An objective lens actuator includes a lens holder for holding an objective lens, a holder support member for holding the lens holder movably along a direction of an optical axis of the objective lens and rotatably about a rotation axis that is parallel to the direction of the optical axis, and a base for holding the holder support member. A gap is provided between the holder support member and the base, the gap extending around a junction which connects the holder support member with the base, wherein a plurality of piezoelectric elements are inserted in the gap.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus, which discriminates types of optical discs having different thicknesses of transparent layers by using the same wavelength of laser light, includes an aberration correction unit for correcting spherical aberration, an objective lens for condensing the laser beam onto a recording surface of an optical disc, an actuator for moving the objective lens with respect to the optical disc, a signal detection unit for delivering a focus error signal or a sum light signal, a control unit for controlling the aberration correction unit, the actuator and the signal detection unit.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method used in an optical disk drive for destroying data of an optical disk. The optical disk is rotated clockwise and the optical head moves one track per revolution. Then, the optical head is controlled so that the spot size of the emitted laser beam projected on the optical disk is about one track pitch wide and the laser beam has a destroy power. Thereafter, the laser beam with the destroy power is adopted to write the optical disk from the inner diameter to the outer diameter.

Abstract: An optical pickup device includes a pickup base, an optical system, a light emitting element, and a heat transfer holder which transfers the heat of the light emitting element to the pickup base. The heat transfer holder includes a holder base and a holder main body overlapped to the holder base. The holder base is arranged around the light emitting element and has a first flat contact surface which comes into surface contact with an abutment surface of the pickup base, and a second spherical contact surface, which is positioned opposite to the first contact surface. The holder main body has a third spherical contact surface which comes into surface contact with the second contact surface of the holder base, and an engaging recess formed in the third contact surface and having an inner surface which contacts with the light emitting element.

Abstract: In the state in which a FPC terminal conductor precoated with a solder bump is opposed to a suspension terminal conductor having an Au plating layer, heating and melting is carried out while the suspension terminal conductor is pressed against the solder bump by a heater chip, thereby joining the FPC terminal conductor with the suspension terminal conductor by solder without using flux. In the suspension terminal conductor, a notch, a slit, or the like is formed as a solder joint observation window through which the solder joint state by the solder bump can be visually checked from outside via an insulating layer.

Abstract: An information storage medium according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a management area in which management information to manage content is recorded and a content area in which content managed on the basis of the management information is recorded. The content area includes an object area in which a plurality of objects are recorded, and a time map area in which a time map for reproducing these objects in a specified period on a timeline is recorded. The management area includes a play list area in which a play list for controlling the reproduction of a menu and a title each composed of the objects on the basis of the time map is recorded.

Abstract: In an optical disk according to one embodiment of this invention, the actual shortest mark length recorded on the optical disk is set equal to or smaller than Ln0T×0.6 when the shortest mark length calculated based on a reference clock is Ln0T. The optical disk generates a playback signal suitably used for a playback apparatus that plays back information by use of a PRML method, for example.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a main-information area in which a metal reflection film is formed on a substrate where a row of pits is formed as main data, and a sub-information area in which is recorded medium identification information, which is used to identify the optical recording medium individually, by removing the metal reflection film partially and forming a plurality of reflection-film removed areas. Information is reproduced by irradiating the metal reflection film with a beam of light. In the sub-information area, a row of pits or a guide groove is formed on the substrate, and a track pitch of the row of pits or the guide groove is at least 0.24 ?m wide and at most 0.45 ?m wide.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide patterned media in which the center and the direction of the disk can be detected. According to one embodiment, patterned media has a bit pattern including convex portions of a magnetic material on one surface or both surfaces of a nonmagnetic substrate having a central hole. A diffraction grating pattern is formed as an alignment pattern in the inner circumference (or outer circumference) of the patterned media. The diffraction grating pattern is a pattern having a repetitive configuration, and includes a pattern with a repetitive pitch different from that in other portions, or a portion having no pattern, at least one region on a circumference. The diffraction grating pattern is irradiated with detection light and diffracted light is detected, thereby a center and a direction of the disk can be detected.

Abstract: A packet detecting circuit detects a packet inputting time via calculating a delay correlation function and an autocorrelation function. In order to prevent a DC offset from affecting the calculation of the delay correlation function and the autocorrelation function, when the packet detecting circuit calculates the delay correlation function and the autocorrelation function, the packet detecting circuit will calculate and remove the error of the delay correlation function and the autocorrelation function produced by a DC offset. Then the packet detecting circuit calculates a packet triggering value according to the delay correlation function and the autocorrelation function for detecting the packet inputting time more precisely.

Abstract: A method for transmission, by dividing a transmission resource in a time domain subframe into a plurality of equal duration resource elements in a time and frequency domain, segregating the plurality of resource elements into a plurality of resource regions, modulating information to be transmitted to generate a sequence of modulation symbols at a transmitter, mapping the sequence of modulation symbols into the plurality of resource elements in the plurality of resource regions, and transmitting the modulation symbols via a plurality of antennas using the respective corresponding resource elements to a receiver. The mapping of the modulation symbols in at least one resource region is independent of a certain control channel information that is carried in said time domain subframe, and the mapping of the modulation symbols in at least another resource region is dependent upon said certain control channel information that is carried in said subframe.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus and receiving apparatus of a multi-carrier system using multiple antennas is proposed. An LCF encoder of the transmitting apparatus performs a liner precoding to input signals to be transmitted to a receiving apparatus using a liner complex matrix considering the number of multiple antennas and the number of subcarriers, and a subcarrier allocator respectively allocates a subcarrier to the signals liner-precoded by the LCF encoder. A transmitter respectively transmits the signals having a subcarrier allocated by the subcarrier allocator through the multiple antennas externally. A subcarrier de-allocator of a receiving apparatus extracts a liner-precoded signal by de-allocating a subcarrier allocated to the received signal. An LCF decoder outputs a bit reliability of the received signal to the liner-precoded signal extracted from the subcarrier de-allocator considering the number m of multiple antennas and the number n of subcarriers.

Abstract: A vehicular communication device switches over a communication method between the OFDM method and the SS method. A PLC master set includes a LAN communication unit for performing data communications with control units such as an engine control ECU via an in-vehicle LAN. In the PLC master set, a microcomputer acquires the operating states of parts of the vehicle from various control units through the LAN communication unit, and uses the acquired operating states and control information stored previously to enable data communications without being affected by noises occurring in the parts of the vehicle by notifying a PLC slave set of a communication method in the PLC communication unit and a communication method with a sub-carrier set prohibited from use being set when a communication method is the OFDM method.

Abstract: In an OFDM communications system receiver, channel estimates are processed to remove or reduce noise, exploiting the orthogonality of pilot patterns. The de-noised channel estimates are then used to compute inter-cell interference. The noise effects of orthogonal pilot patterns are selectively removed from channel samples in estimating inter-cell interference, depending on whether data subcarriers are subject to the same interference as pilot subcarriers, and whether data subcarriers are subject to interference from sectors with pilot patterns orthogonal to those in the transmitting sector. A further calculation removes noise from cells not identified by an orthogonal pilot sequence, which may be particularly applicable when large variations exist in the frequency domain of the propagation channel across a pilot pattern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transmitting/receiving apparatuses of a wideband radio channel measuring device using a multi-carrier. The wideband radio channel measuring device using the multi-carrier may measure radio channel characteristics at a frequency domain. Since the radio channel is measured at the frequency domain by the wideband radio channel measuring device using the multi-carrier, the channel characteristics may be simultaneously measured while maintaining a maximum Doppler measurement frequency at a predetermined level regardless of increase of the number of transmitting and receiving antennas, in an MIMO configuration.

Abstract: In particular embodiments, receiving a first connectivity fault notification, establishing a predetermined time period when the first connectivity fault notification is received, receiving one or more additional connectivity fault notifications during the predetermined time period, performing a root cause analysis for the connectivity fault notification based on the received first connectivity fault notification, and resolving the first and the one or more additional connectivity fault notifications based on the root cause analysis are provided.

Abstract: A method of workload scheduling in a distributed compute environment includes assigning a subscriber of a network service to a first compute node instance (“CNI”) of a plurality of CNIs within a network node interposed between the subscriber and a provider of the network service. The subscriber traffic associated with the subscriber is processed at the first CNI. Subscriber specific data is generated at the first CNI related to the subscriber traffic. The subscriber specific data is then backed up to a second CNI of the network node that is designated as a standby CNI that will process the subscriber traffic if the first CNI fails.

Abstract: To provide a technology capable of improving fault-tolerance by redundancy-structuring each of ring nodes building up a ring network with an active termination block and a non-active termination block and, if a fault occurs in the active termination block, continuing an operation by switchover to the non-active termination block. A ring node is configured such that data from a terminal side is forwarded to an active termination block and to a non-active termination block, source information of the data is determined and registered in a database, the data is transmitted to the ring from a ring-side interface, the data received from the ring is forwarded to the active termination block and to the non-active termination block, destination information of the data is determined by referring to the database and forwarded to a terminal-side interface, and the terminal-side interface selects the data from the active termination block and forwards the selected data to the terminal side.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless data system which has a transmitter including a transmission buffer. The transmitter is configured to transmit a plurality of packets of encoded data, wherein a level of the transmission buffer is encoded in one of the packets of encoded data. The system further has a wireless receiver for receiving the plurality of packets. The receiver has at least one receiving component that receives the plurality of packets to generate a plurality of decoded signals, wherein the at least one receiving component is configured to receive one of the packets of encoded data from the transmitter to determine the level of transmission buffer. The receiving component is further configured to store the plurality of packets received in a receive buffer, to determine the level of the receive buffer, and to calculate an aggregate buffer level from the transmission buffer and the receive buffer.

Abstract: Systems for detecting Nagling on a TCP network connection are disclosed. Embodiments may generally include a system with a Nagle detection threshold determiner for determining a Nagle detection threshold based on the network connection. The system may also generally include a Nagle detection module in communication with the Nagle detection threshold determiner for observing a small segment at a second time following an acknowledgement indicative of a Nagling condition at a first time, wherein the Nagle detection module also may detect a Nagling condition if the difference between the second time and the first time is less than or equal to the Nagle detection threshold. The system may be a receiver computer or a network computer. The system may also generate and transmit a notification of the Nagling condition, increment a Nagle monitor counter, or save an indication of the Nagling condition in a log.

Abstract: In a bandwidth policing apparatus which accommodates a large number of user groups, bandwidth policing for each user group is performed at high speed. When there is any extra bandwidth in bandwidth for a user group, the contracted committed information rate for each user is guaranteed invariably while using this effectively. The bandwidth policing apparatus accumulates packets of a plurality of user groups under bandwidth policing in the same packet accumulate FIFO. Also, for a packet which does not exceed the contracted bandwidth for each user, the contracted bandwidth for each user is guaranteed by deciding that the packet does not exceed the contracted bandwidth for each user group.

Abstract: Message exchanges may be executed between a middleware component and at least one intermittently-available node, during connected phases of the intermittently available node with the middleware component. Transmission parameters associated with the message exchanges may be monitored, and a current request message to be sent to the intermittently-available node may be determined, the current request message being associated with a time-to-live. An expected message exchange time of the current request message and a resulting response message received from the node in response thereto may be determined, relative to the connected phases and based on at least some of the transmission parameters. Based on the expected message exchange time, it may be predicted whether the current request message and the resulting response message will be successfully exchanged with the intermittently-available node, prior to an expiration of the time-to-live of the current request message.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamically distributing traffic over links grouped together in a data transmission channel are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving data at the network device, distributing the data over a first array, mapping the first array to a second array having entries corresponding to the links, and measuring data traffic. The mapping between the first array and the second array is updated based on traffic measurements to balance traffic load over the links.

Abstract: Methods, Systems, and Apparatus of Providing QoS and Scalability in the Deployment of Real-Time Traffic Services in Packet-based Networks are disclosed. The aim of the invention is to provide QoS for both realtime and non-real-time traffic streams. The invention presents an architectural framework coupled with the functional apparatus necessary to deploy services like Voice over IP (VOIP) in a scalable way in spite of network limitations such as shortage in IPV4 addresses, NAT traversal, and the processor-intensive requirements of RTP termination. Methods to solve these problems associated with large-scale VoIP deployment by distributing application gateways are presented. More importantly, the approach serves to provide consistent broadband performance over access technologies which are prone to capacity degradation due to unregulated admission of real-time traffic streams like VoIP and IP Television. The paper gives emphasis on broadband wireless because of its shared access mechanism.

Abstract: Systems and methods for filtering in bandwidth sharing ad hoc networks. A method includes maintaining at least one filtering parameter associated with formation of a bandwidth sharing ad hoc network. The method further includes preventing data transfer across the bandwidth sharing ad hoc network when a parameter of a request to establish the bandwidth sharing ad hoc network corresponds to the at least one filtering parameter.

Abstract: A method to provision routes in a network having a plurality of nodes includes receiving a designation of a primary source node, determining possible destination nodes from the designated source node and outputting information indicating the possible destination nodes. The method further includes receiving a designation of a destination node from among the possible destination nodes and updating information regarding optical characteristics based on a route from the source node to the designated destination node and outputting information related to the updated optical characteristics.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed, which controls congestion to efficiently transmit data through a network of grid node network in a grid computing environment where a large amount of data is processed.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for reducing latency in coordinated networks. The apparatus and methods relate to a protocol that may be referred to as the Persistent Reservation Request (“p-RR”), which may be viewed as a type of RR (reservation request). p-RR's may reduce latency, on average, to one MAP cycle or less. A p-RR may be used to facilitate Ethernet audiovisual bridging. Apparatus and methods of the invention may be used in connection with coaxial cable based networks that serve as a backbone for a managed network, which may interface with a package switched network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless data system which has a transmitter including a transmission buffer. The transmitter is configured to transmit a plurality of packets of encoded data, wherein a level of the transmission buffer is encoded in one of the packets of encoded data. The system further has a wireless receiver for receiving the plurality of packets. The receiver has at least one receiving component that receives the plurality of packets to generate a plurality of decoded signals, wherein the at least one receiving component is configured to receive one of the packets of encoded data from the transmitter to determine the level of transmission buffer. The receiving component is further configured to store the plurality of packets received in a receive buffer, to determine the level of the receive buffer, and to calculate an aggregate buffer level from the transmission buffer and the receive buffer.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are described in which a flow of packets is distributed in several separate flows over several links (12) forming a logically aggregated link (11). The flow outgoing from each physical link is sent to its own policer (18) which applies to said flow a traffic policing algorithm with the policers being interconnected to exchange algorithm control parameter modification information to fit them in among the various policers while allowing for the control parameters of the others so that a distributed policer (15) is realized.

Abstract: The classification system of a network device includes a cache in which a mapping between predefined characteristics of TCP/IP packets and associated actions are stored in response to the first “Frequent Flyer” packet in of a session. Selected characteristics from subsequent received packets of that session are correlated with the predefined characteristics and the stored actions are applied to the received packets if the selected characteristics and the predefined characteristics match, thus reducing the processing required for subsequent packets. The packets selected for caching may be data packets. For mismatched characteristics, the full packet search of the classification system is used to determine the action to apply to the received packet.

Abstract: The invention provides a leaky-bucket method for delivering packets from a first node (A) to a second node (B) in a packet switched network, comprising the steps of: receiving at the first node (A) of at least one transmission comprising buffered packets, and at least one transmission comprising real-time packets; transmitting the received packets to the second node (B) and increase a bucket counter for the bucket, which bucket has a leak rate that is equal to or larger than the byte transmitting ratio of the real-time packets.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a node comprises a plurality of interface circuits coupled to a node controller. Each of the plurality of interface circuits is configured to couple to a respective link of a plurality of links. The node controller is configured to select a first link from two or more of the plurality of links to transmit a first packet, wherein the first link is selected responsive to a relative amount of traffic transmitted via each of the two or more of the plurality of links.

Abstract: A packet filter function in a wireless communication network monitors congestion and communicates a congestion indication to one or more vocoders. In one embodiment, the congestion indication comprises a vocoder source rate calculated by the packet filter function in response to the congestion. The reduced vocoder source rate frees system resources that can be allocated to new users to alleviate the congestion. The vocoder source rate may be communicated to the vocoder(s) in a variety of ways.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a network switch includes first logic for receiving a flow, including identifying a reaction point as the source of the data frames included in the flow. The network switch further includes second logic for detecting congestion at the network switch and associating the congestion with the flow and the reaction point, third logic for generating congestion notification information in response to congestion, and fourth logic for receiving control information, including identifying the reaction point as the source of the control information. The network switch further includes fifth logic for addressing the congestion notification information and the control information to the reaction point, wherein the data rate of the flow is based on the congestion notification information and the control information. The content of the data frames included in the flow is independent of the congestion notification information and the control information in a first mode of the network switch.

Abstract: A method for selection of the association access point for a station in an infrastructure mesh network based on received signal strength and one or more “association bias” weights received from neighboring access points. Each weight corresponds to a packet length category. In one embodiment, stations measure received signal strength for received signals and decode the association bias information field(s) and corresponding packet length category thresholds that are received in management frames such as beacons. Stations use this information to select an access point for association that will minimize the overall mesh resource utilization for the traffic (i.e. packet lengths) being transmitted. The method includes three elements: network assistance, access point actions, and station actions.

Abstract: The invention relates to determination of a link cost employable in route determination and data forwarding in a multihop communication network (1). This link cost is adapted to the particular characteristics of wireless contention-based networks (1), in which both network nodes (10, 20) involved in node-to-node data forwarding block neighbor nodes (30, 40, 50) that have to defer medium access during the data forwarding. The link cost is determined based on the estimated total number of nodes (30, 40, 50) that are blocked if data is forwarded on a wireless link (12) from a node (10) to another node (20). The link cost may also be based on a per bit normalized expected transmit duration for the data forwarding in combination with said estimated number of nodes. Usage of the link cost in route determination minimizes the number of truly blocked nodes in the network (1) and increased the network capacity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for using a distributed multi-path QoS-aware routing scheme that considers basic MANET characteristics to meet transport service requirements of real-time applications and makes use of multiple discovered paths to calculate a next-hop decision. The QoS Routing scheme superimposes distributed neighborhood congestion, neighborhood density, and link stability and delay information over the multiple discovered paths when the next-hop decision is calculated.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are described for communicating among stations in a network. A station in the network can determine costs between that station and a headend through a number of other stations and selecting a low cost path from among the possible paths. Cost data from the determination can be transmitted from the station to other stations in the network for use in selecting low cost paths at those stations.

Abstract: A device for recording the content of live communications sessions allocates each session with a unique identifier which is also communicated to a server, exchange, switch or endpoint having control of that session.

Abstract: The method augments the time-slotted protocols with additional features that allow arming functions to be implemented as an inherent part of the protocol.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a communication terminal including: an interrupt factor detecting unit configured to detect an interrupt factor causing data transmission interrupt if data transmission is performed with an external terminal; and a transmission unit configured to transmit a response added with an error code corresponding to the interrupt factor to the external terminal in response to a request transmitted from the external terminal if the interrupt factor detecting unit detects the interrupt factor during data transmission between the external terminal serving as a client and the communication terminal serving as a server.

Abstract: There is known a method for identifying faults in a distributed system, in which multiple nodes mutually monitor one another and identify faults using two different fault identification conditions and majority voting in order to share information and achieve high reliability fault identification. However, in such configuration, abnormality occurrences are counted irrespective of the abnormality types, and as a result the application cannot grasp accurate and detailed fault situations, and therefore cannot handle faults depending on the fault type. There is provided a distributed system having a plurality of nodes connected via a network.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that detects a non-compliant router that incorrectly responds to all address-resolution-protocol (ARP) requests, including ARP requests and ARP probes for link-local IP addresses. This is accomplished by sending an ARP request asking for an Ethernet address associated with a link-local IP address, wherein the link-local IP address is a reserved link-local IP address, which should not be assigned to any device. If a response is received to the ARP request, the system determines that the response was sent by a non-compliant router that incorrectly responds to all ARP requests, including ARP requests for link-local IP addresses.

Abstract: Information transfer capability discovery apparatus and techniques are disclosed. A received tracing message for tracing a communication path in a communication system is processed in some embodiments by generating and sending a response to the received tracing message. The tracing message response includes an indication of an information transfer capability of a communication link that comprises the communication path being traced by the tracing message. A further tracing message based on the received tracing message may also be forwarded in the communication system. The further tracing message may be associated with a different domain than the received tracing message in a communication system that includes multiple domains such as maintenance domains. In a multi-domain system, indications of information transfer capability could be included in further tracing messages instead of in responses.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of determining configurations for handling communication path management traffic are disclosed. Respective communication path management traffic handling configurations of communication system elements that terminate a communication link, which is a portion of a communication path, are determined. If the respective communication path management traffic handling configurations indicate that the communication system elements have been configured to pass communication path management traffic associated with the communication path toward endpoints of the communication path, then communication path management traffic for managing the communication path is exchanged through the communication link. Indications of a communication path management traffic handling configuration may be exchanged between the communication system elements during establishment of the communication link.