Abstract: A method, system and an apparatus to transport bidir PIM over a multiprotocol label switched network is provided. The method may comprise receiving a multicast packet at a network element, the multicast packet including an upstream label. The method may further comprise identifying, from the upstream label, a Multicast Distribution Tree (MDT) rooted a rendezvous point. The packet may be forwarded along the MDT towards the RP based on the upstream label. The MDT may be identified from a downstream label and the packet may be forwarded the along the MDT away from the RP based on the downstream label.

Abstract: A method and system for network based call-pickup is provided. In one embodiment a first user agent communicates in a communication session with a second user agent in a network telephony system. The second user agent may request that a third user agent replace the second user agent in the communication. The third user agent may be a park server, and when it replaces the second user agent, the communication session may thereby be parked at the park server. A fourth user agent may then request that the third user agent (e.g., park server) initiate a communication session between the first user agent and the fourth user agent. The third user agent may then instruct the first user agent to communicate with the fourth user agent. The parked communication session may thereby be picked up by the fourth user agent.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a router receives a call request for establishing a multimedia exchange between two remote endpoints. The router selects a processing entity to manage a subset of connections with the remote endpoints according to an endpoint identification such as a remote address included in the call request. A different processing entity manages the remaining connections with the remote endpoints. Accordingly, the load of managing signaling for establishing the multimedia exchange is balanced between a plurality of processing elements that appear externally as a single entity such that modification of remote endpoint behavior is not required.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing message is described. In one embodiment, an application programming interface is configured for receiving and sending messages. A multiplexer receives messages from different servers. A service name is coupled to each message with the corresponding destination service. A single shared channel is formed. The messages are processed over the single shared channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing message is described. In one embodiment, an application programming interface is configured for receiving and sending messages. The application programming interface provides for a flush protocol to force members of a group to send all of their pending messages prior to a predetermined event, and to perform a message exchange phase as part of the flush protocol to allow all members of the group to see a same set of messages in a same view prior to installing a new view.

Abstract: A node according to a packet relay method which enables a multicast transfer or broadcast transfer of a packet effectively is provided. When the node receives a packet set with a multicast address or broadcast address as a destination address from a source client, the packet is added with an MPLS label common to destination clients corresponding to the multicast address or all destination clients corresponding to the broadcast address. The packet added with the common MPLS label is transferred over a ring network. When receiving the packet from a ring network, the node removes a common MPLS label from the received packet to be transmitted to destination clients when it detects that the common MPLS label is added to the received packet.

Abstract: Procedures for agnostically redirecting WAN link communications for WAN link throughput optimization are described. In an example, a WAN communication, targeted to a remote resource, is redirected to a local port proxy. The local port proxy may enforce WAN link policy on the communication to optimize communication flows occurring over the physical WAN link thereby increasing the relative efficiency of the physical WAN link. A remote port proxy may be included for forwarding the communication to the target remote resource via a separate communication connection.

Abstract: There is provided a virtual network connection apparatus including a first storage unit that stores first correspondence information representing a correspondence relationship between a real address of an information processor in a site and a virtual address of the information processor in a virtual network, an address conversion unit that executes an address conversion for transmitted information between an information processor in the site and an information processor outside of the site by referring to the first correspondence information, a second storage unit that stores second correspondence information representing a correspondence relationship between a name of an information processor in the site and a real address of the information processor, a generation unit that generates third correspondence information representing a correspondence relationship between a name of an information processor in the site and a virtual address of the information processor based on the first and the second corresponde

Abstract: Disclosed are a unified method and apparatus to classify, route, and process injected data packets into a network so as to belong to a plurality of logical networks, each implementing a specific flow of data on top of a common physical network. The method allows to locally identify collectives of packets for local processing, such as the computation of the sum, difference, maximum, minimum, or other logical operations among the identified packet collective. Packets are injected together with a class-attribute and an opcode attribute. Network routers, employing the described method, use the packet attributes to look-up the class-specific route information from a local route table, which contains the local incoming and outgoing directions as part of the specifically implemented global data flow of the particular virtual network.

Abstract: A system for handling out-of-order frames may include one or more processors that enable receiving of an out-of-order frame via a network subsystem. The one or more processors may enable placing data of the out-of-order frame in a host memory, and managing information relating to one or more holes resulting from the out-of-order frame in a receive window. The one or more processors may enable setting a programmable limit with respect to a number of holes allowed in the receive window. The out-of-order frame is received via a TCP offload engine (TOE) of the network subsystem or a TCP-enabled Ethernet controller (TEEC) of the network subsystem. The network subsystem may not store the out-of-order frame on an onboard memory, and may not store one or more missing frames relating to the out-of-order frame. The network subsystem may include a network interface card (NIC).

Abstract: Even when session control traffic such as SIP traffic to be unitarily subjected to QoS management by a manager of a session control network such as an SIP network, and loopback traffic to be freely subjected to QoS management by users coexist, QoS processing can be appropriately performed. The edge router checks a routing table and the address information of an SIP message to derive an SIP stream direction. The edge router timely selects a table that can be set by only SIP network managers, and a table that can be set by user network managers as well, determines QoS setting information by collating other SIP/SDP message information, and sets it in a QoS function unit.

Abstract: A relay apparatus includes a MAC (Media Access Control) address learning table for recording transfer destinations for frames. The relay apparatus is connected to other relay apparatuses to compose a network of a ring redundancy method. The relay apparatus includes a port move detecting circuit for detecting a port move which occurs in a case where a frame arrives from other than a path learned in the MAC address leaning table on a path changing on ring redundancy.

Abstract: A pipeline configuration is described for use in network traffic management for the hardware scheduling of events arranged in a hierarchical linkage. The configuration reduces costs by minimizing the use of external SRAM memory devices. This results in some external memory devices being shared by different types of control blocks, such as flow queue control blocks, frame control blocks and hierarchy control blocks. Both SRAM and DRAM memory devices are used, depending on the content of the control block (Read-Modify-Write or ‘read’ only) at enqueue and dequeue, or Read-Modify-Write solely at dequeue. The scheduler utilizes time-based calendars and weighted fair queueing calendars in the egress calendar design. Control blocks that are accessed infrequently are stored in DRAM memory while those accessed frequently are stored in SRAM.

Abstract: A VLAN is implemented with a logical hub and spoke topology that obviates local switching. Member devices are connected to a hub device such as a router via intermediate devices such as Layer 2 switches that support individual IP subnets within the VLAN. The Layer 2 switch does not allow bridging, so there is no IP subnet broadcast domain. Further, the Layer 2 switch implements only a single logical broadcast uplink port which is connected to the router. The Layer 2 switch also implements only point-to-point downlink ports, i.e., to individual member devices. Consequently, all traffic is forced to flow through the router, e.g., broadcast traffic, multicast traffic and traffic of unknown destination received by the Layer 2 switch from a member device is only flooded to the router, and the router performs intra-subnet routing in addition to routing between subnets and between VLANs.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring network connectivity is disclosed. A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a network device having a controller element to route packets to one or more locations of a virtual private network utilizing Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) functionality, and route a connectivity message to a connectivity server in response to receiving a query for connectivity information. The query can be grouped with at least one other query for at least one among a border network device of a service provider and a customer network device of the virtual private network. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods wireless communication terminals are disclosed that operate an ad-hoc wireless local area network. A network identifier and an application key are maintained within a first wireless communication terminal. The application key is defined for at least one application program hosted on the first wireless communication terminal. An ad-hoc wireless local area network is established between the first wireless communication terminal and a second wireless communication terminal using the network identifier and the application key.

Abstract: A method for network communication and an apparatus for discovery of a maximum transmission unit (MTU) size in a path between two nodes of a network are disclosed. A plurality of test packets of varying transmission unit (TU) size may be sent from the first host to the second host. A “do not fragment” (DF) flag for the test packets is not set. It is determined whether one or more of the test packets were received by the second host. An estimated path MTU for a network path between the first and second hosts size may then be calculated based on one or more patterns of receipt of the test packets by the second host. Once the estimated Path MTU size has been determined, message packets of a size less than or equal to the Path MTU size may be sent over the network path.

Abstract: An apparatus and associated methodology for processing at least one data packet received by a receiving entity from a machine after transmission via at least one data transmission network. Identification data is obtained of a device involved in the transmission of said data packet. A decoding function associated with said device is identified using the identification data. The decoding function is an inverse function of an encoding function applied by the device to a packet before transmission. The received packet is decoded through the application of the decoding function.

Abstract: A gateway device includes a SIP server and a media converter. The SIP server uses media communication control data output from communication terminal devices (CTDs) to discriminate the communication media standards adopted by the CTDs, based on a call control, to call-control the CTDs. The media converter uses the communication media standards discriminated and acquired to convert media data, delivered from the CTDs, involved in communication, to a signal of a relevant communication media standard. The SIP server causes the communication media standard and information used for communication to be stored in an information memory. The media converter includes input/output interfaces, a controller, a media converter circuit and a data switcher. The interfaces verify whether or not the received data is media data, the media converter circuit converts the communication media standard of received media data received from the source CTD to a communication media standard of the destination CTD.

Abstract: A method for verifying full mesh status in a network is disclosed. The network includes endpoint entities in full mesh configuration. The method includes a step of maintaining a first value in the endpoint entities. The first value is related to counting of network endpoint entities. Another step in the method is maintaining a second value in the endpoint entities. The second value is related to counting non-operational transmission paths before a point in time. An additional step in the method is discovering an additional value related to counting non-operational transmission paths after the point in time. Yet another step in the method is comparing the additional value with the first value and the second value.

Abstract: There are disclosed apparatus and methods for scheduling packet transmission. At least one scheduled traffic queue holds a plurality of scheduled packets, each scheduled packet having an associated scheduled transmit time. At least one unscheduled traffic queue holds plurality of unscheduled packets. A packet selector causes transmission of scheduled packets from the scheduled traffic queue at the associated scheduled transmit time, while causing transmission of unscheduled packets from the unscheduled traffic queue during the time intervals between transmissions of scheduled packets.

Abstract: Apparatus for communicating global link control words (LCW) between chips. A queue stores LCWs and has an input for receiving an LCW from a previous chip, and an output for outputting a stored LCW to a subsequent chip. A management circuit compares an incoming LCW with a previously stored LCW, and a combiner circuit combines the incoming LCW with a previously stored LCW and stores the combined LCW in the queue when the management circuit determines that the incoming LCW can be combined with the previously stored LCW.

Abstract: A communication method and device operates in a network in which a multiplicity of communication devices communicate over a shared communication channel. The communication device includes a transmitter that transmits to a second communication device over the shared communication channel a first packet P1, employing a starting tone map TMS that includes a starting transmission scheme for a set of carriers of said channel, a receiver that receives over the shared channel a partial tone map PTM1 from the second communication device, and a tone map generator that generates an updated tone map TM1 based on the starting tone map TMS modified in accordance with the partial tone map PTM1. The transmitter transmits over the shared channel a second packet P2 to the second communication device, employing the updated tone map TM1. The partial tone map may be received as part of an acknowledgment packet from the second communication device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises serializer/deserializer (SERDES) circuits. Each SERDES circuit is configured to transmit data on a respective lane to which the SERDES circuit is are coupled during use. The apparatus further comprises a transmit pipe coupled to the SERDES circuits. The transmit pipe comprises stages, and each stage is configured to process a maximum bandwidth unit (a maximum width of a port that is configurable on the lanes and smaller than a largest packet transmitted on the ports). In another embodiment, the apparatus comprises a transmit command queue; a transmit scheduler coupled to the transmit command queue; and a storage device coupled to the transmit scheduler that stores a scheduling calendar. The transmit scheduler is configured to schedule maximum bandwidth units for transmission on ports configured over the lanes on which packets are transmitted. The maximum bandwidth unit is smaller than a packet and is a maximum width of a port that is configurable on the lanes.

Abstract: A ruggedized analog front-end for interconnecting a network communicative device to a two-conductor based network operable in a train-like or other harsh environment. The front-end has a coupling circuit having first and second coupling channels providing isolation, impedance matching and energy transfer between a common mode filter circuit connectable to the two-conductor based network, and an amplifier and an attenuator respectively connectable to output and input of the network communicative device. The front-end has a power supply circuit for operative power supply of electronic components of the analog front-end.

Abstract: A single-wire interface communication system is capable of providing both electrical communication of signals and power between devices coupled to the system. Coupled to the single-wire interface is at least one target device which contains a PMOS transistor, a charge storage device, an inverter controlling the PMOS transistor, and a target device function. The charge storage device provides power to the target device function and to the inverter. The PMOS transistor receives power from the single-wire interface at a power-supply voltage level and charges the charge storage device to the same level. Non-communication periods produce a charging period sufficient for the charge storage device to attain the power-supply voltage level.

Abstract: A system for mobile device poll creation and conductance disclosed. A poll is created using poll creation software on a mobile device, personal computer or a web-based application. A polling server then validates the poll and publishes the poll to one or more mobile devices. The users of the one or mobile devices may then respond to the poll via their mobile device, a personal computer, or a web-based application. The results are sent to the polling server and are processed. The results of the poll are then published to the poll creator and the poll participants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a HARQ method using incremental redundancy and providing synchronous retransmissions. Further, the invention relates to a receiving entity and a transmitting entity employing the HARQ method and to a mobile communication system. To optimize conventional HARQ retransmission protocols, the invention introduces a ternary feedback which allows requesting a self-decodable version of a data packet under certain conditions. Further, the ternary feedback is provided in a backward compatible manner using a combination of conventional HARQ feedback signaling and scheduling related control signaling.

Abstract: A system and method for configuring media services is disclosed. A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a portal having a controller element to detect an installation of an Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) media receiver in an IPTV media system and adapt at least a portion of the portal according to the installation. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: An intra-body communication network scheduler and method of operation thereof are provided. At a scheduler, network entities of an intra-body communication network are registered, which have raised interrupts to obtain the right to communicate data over the intra-body communication network. The network entities are queued at the scheduler in accordance with priorities of the network entities. The scheduler allocates the right to communicate data over the intra-body communication network during a next scheduling period to the next network entity in the queue.

Abstract: A flexible transmission resource reservation scheme and data transmission scheme is provided for a wireless network. A source node transmits a data transfer reservation request for a transmission resource to at least one neighboring node including at least one target node of the wireless network. The source node may have data to be transmitted or may anticipate data reception from at least one of the target nodes. Then, the source node receives from the at least one neighboring node an acknowledgment to reserve the requested transmission resource for data transfer between the source node and the at least one target node. Thereafter, data is transferred between the source node and the at least one target node within the reserved transmission resource.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems directed to improving the efficiency of bandwidth allocation schemes by adapting to slow-start mechanisms associated with network communications protocols, such as the TCP/IP protocol suite. In one implementation, the present invention scales down the initial target rate assigned to a data flow to a fraction of an initial estimate of the effective rate capacity of the communications path between two hosts. As packets are received, the target rate is gradually increased, eventually up to the detected rate capacity of the communications path. Implementations of the present invention improve the efficiency of bandwidth allocation by reducing the over-allocation of bandwidth to data flows during the slow-start phase, leaving more bandwidth available to other data flows.

Abstract: Network devices, systems, and methods are provided for packet processing. One method includes receiving a checking functionality rule set as an input to a distribution algorithm. The method includes bifurcating and providing configuration instructions, as an output from the distribution algorithm, to a first logic plane associated with a first logical entity and a second logic plane associated with a second logical entity. A collaboration algorithm is used to provide processing coordination between the first logical entity and the second logical entity.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a signal of a medium access control sublayer in a mobile communication system which has mobile and base stations for providing a bearer service. A bearer service profile type is decided according to a bearer service combination type of the bearer service for the provision of the bearer service. A transport format indicator is set according to the decided bearer service profile type, and a transport format combination indicator is appended to a dedicated physical control channel. The most efficient data is transmitted on the basis of a service type and a measured radio environment result. Therefore, a data frame format most suitable to a channel environment can be produced, thereby providing the best service.

Abstract: Location cache memory architectures that only require 32 Kbits or less per frame to store erasure information with simple address mapping to the main MPE-FEC RAM for easy column-wise and row-wise access. Alternative architectures are designed to greatly reduce the size and logic complexity of the MPE-FEC erasure cache memory. Two architectures reduce the erasure cache size down to 32 Kbits and 28 Kbits, correspondingly, without introducing additional erasure locations, while another architecture further reduces the required memory size down to 16K, 8K, 4K, or 2K bits with a slight increase in the total erasure locations. All architectures group the data in MPE-FEC frame memory into blocks of 2M consecutive bytes and use one or a few bits to store the erasure status in each block, thereby, greatly reducing the required cache memory size.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing message is described. In one embodiment, a channel layer is configured to form a channel with a corresponding process. The channel is associated with a group. A plurality of sockets is formed in a transport layer of a group communication protocol. Traffic of messages to and from the processes is distributed across the plurality of sockets in the transport layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses one or more network components within a telecommunication network wherein said network is a serial bitstream network and the network components are comprising one or more inverse multiplexers, wherein said multiplexer(s) is/are TDM bonding multiplexers and said multiplexer(s) utilize(s) spare bits and/or FAS bits in a protocol for control of specific functions of the inverse multiplexer(s). The invention further includes a method for inverse multiplexing of one or more serial bitstreams within a telecommunication network wherein said method uses spare bit and/or frame alignment signals from a protocol to: measure differential delay between transmission lines at the receiving end, and/or secure timeslot integrity by compensation for individual link delay, and/or secure correct transmitter and receiver timeslot sequence by link identification, and/or monitor channel availability by block error checking.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for communication fabric bandwidth management are disclosed. An example method includes receiving data at a first network entity, where the data being received from a second network entity. The example method further includes, at the first network entity, queuing the received data in a data queue associated with the second network entity. The example method still further includes determining that an amount of queued data in the data queue associated with the second network entity exceeds a first threshold. In response to the first threshold being exceeded, a first control message is communicated from the first network entity to the second network entity. In the example method, in response to the first control message, a data rate at which the second network entity sends data to the first network entity is reduced.

Abstract: A timing bridge device is used to gain boundary and transparent clock functionality using conventional network components on those network links that require good timing distribution. This timing path is invisible to the network component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for synchronizing the transmission and the reception of a media stream over a network, such as the Internet, comprising of a receiver clock having an adjustable reset value, where the adjustable reset value may be a function of the reference time for a receiver clock and the reference time for a sender clock.

Abstract: A method for decommutating a variable-synchronization pattern uses a fixed-synchronization decommutator. The method comprises generating N copies of the data stream, receiving one of the N copies of the data stream at a respective one of N fixed decommutator subsystems, receiving synchronized segments of the data stream from each of the N fixed decommutator subsystems at a logical multiplexer, and periodically outputting from the logical multiplexer at least (1/N)th of the synchronized segments of the data stream received from each of the N fixed decommutator subsystems. Each of the N fixed decommutator subsystems is synchronized to a respective synchronization pattern. At least (1/N)th synchronized segments that are sent from each fixed decommutator system are synchronized to the respective synchronization pattern. During each period, the N multiplexed synchronized segments output from the logical multiplexer form a variable synchronized frame of the data stream.

Abstract: A device and a method for creating a spatial dose distribution in a medium volume (22) are described. A laser system produces laser pulses (12) with a pulse length shorter than 200 fs (femtoseconds) and is capable to be focused to peak intensities greater than 10?18 W/cm?2 (watts per centimeter squared). An electron source (18) is capable of releasing a high-energy electron pulse (20), in particular the electrons having an energy greater than 100 MeV, upon irradiation with said laser pulses (12) propagating into the medium volume (22). The light paths (52, 56,58) of at least some of the laser pulses (12) are adjustable in such a way that high-energy electron pulses (20) are emitted from the irradiated at least one electron source on different trajectories (20,28,60,62) through the medium volume (22) thereby depositing their dose in the medium volume (22) according to a provided pattern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an external-cavity tuneable laser including a gain medium (2) and a tuneable mirror (8), wherein at least the tuneable mirror is in thermal contact, with a thermally conductive platform (10). The tuneable mirror lays substantially horizontally on the thermally conductive platform significantly thereby improving the thermal contact of the tuneable mirror with the platform. The laser beam from the gain medium is directed onto the tuneable mirror, which is mounted substantially horizontally with respect to the thermally conductive platform, by means of a deflector (6) that deflects the beam or a large part of it towards one of the principal surfaces of the tuneable mirror. The resulting laser cavity is therefore a folded cavity. The thermally conductive platform is preferably thermally coupled to a TEC (11) that provides thermal control for the platform.

Abstract: A tunable laser source has a first laser source to generate a low power continuous wave laser light having a wavelength ?1. A second laser source generates a low power continuous wave laser light having a wavelength ?2. A pump laser source generates a high power pulsed laser light having a wavelength ?0. A first optical parametric amplifier (OPA) receives the laser light having a wavelength ?1 and the laser light having a wavelength ?0 and generates a high power pulsed laser light having a wavelength ?1. A second optical parametric amplifier (OPA) receives the laser light having a wavelength ?2 and the laser light having a wavelength ?0 to and generates a high power pulsed laser light having a wavelength ?2. A difference frequency generator (DFG), receives the high power pulsed laser light having a wavelength ?1 and the high power pulsed laser light having a wavelength ?2 and provides a high power pulsed laser light having a wavelength ?3 wherein ?3=?1*?2/(?2??1).

Abstract: For optical data storage applications, for example, for holographic storage applications, a radiation beam (12) with a flat intensity profile is needed. The radiation source device (1) of the invention comprises a beam shaper element (5) and a collimating element (7) between a semiconductor laser (3) and an output coupler (9) and provides such a radiation beam (12) with an increased efficiency. An external resonator is thereby provided. Further, a relatively fast tuning of the wavelength of the output radiation beam (12) can be provided.

Abstract: A method of modulation terahertz radiation comprising: (A) generating Terahertz radiation by pumping nonequilibrium electrons into a Magnon Gain Medium (MGM), wherein propagation of nonequilibrium electrons in the MGM causes generation of nonequilibrium magnons, and wherein interaction between the nonequilibrium magnons causes generation of the Terahertz radiation; and (B) frequency modulating THz radiation generated in the MGM by applying longitudinal AC magnetic field, or by applying AC electrical field bias.

Abstract: Highly compact quantum well based laser systems with external cavity configurations are tightly integrated in a very small mounting system having high thermal and vibrational stability. The mounting systems may include adjustability and alignment features specifically designed to account for the particular nature of the micro components used. The laser systems may provide for wavelength selection, including dynamic wavelength selection. The laser systems may also provide special output couplers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite laser element that solves the problems encountered with a conventional laser medium composed of an Nd:YAG single crystal or polycrystal, and exhibits excellent performance as a laser medium. The invention relates to a laser element in which two or more crystal materials are joined, wherein (1) at least one of the crystal materials is a transparent crystal material capable of laser oscillation, including a laser active element in a matrix crystal, and (2) the transparent crystal material capable of laser oscillation and/or a second crystal body joined thereto is a polycrystal.

Abstract: A substrate for optical semiconductors of the present invention comprises an insulating ceramic substrate, a metal layer provided on the insulating ceramic substrate, a solder layer provided on the metal layer and composed of Sn only or 50 wt % or more of Sn and the balance substantially of Au, and a protective layer provided on the solder layer and composed of Au or Ag having a thickness of 0.01 ?m or more and 1 ?m or less. The substrate for optical semiconductors as described above makes it possible to reduce stress placed on the optical semiconductor, to suppress development of crystal defects, and to prolong its life when joining the optical semiconductor easily developing crystal defects by slight stress or when in use thereafter.

Abstract: In a nitride semiconductor laser chip so structured as to suppress development of a step on nitride semiconductor layers, the substrate has the (1-100) plane as the principal plane, the resonator facet is perpendicular to the principal plane, and, in the cleavage surface forming the resonator facet, at least by one side of a stripe-shaped waveguide, an etched-in portion is formed as an etched-in region open toward the surface of the nitride semiconductor layers.