Abstract: An air turbine starter for starting an engine includes a housing, and a flow path communicating a flow of gas therethrough; a turbine member; a clutch; and a decoupler device at least partially housed within the output member of the clutch. The decoupler device includes a first shaft portion coupled to and rotating with the output member and a second shaft portion coupled to and rotating with the engine. The first and second shaft portions are axially aligned and configured to engage each another for rotation in a first direction and to separate from each other in a second direction to decouple the output member of the clutch from the engine. The starter further includes a bearing between the inner surface of the output member and the second shaft portion for reducing friction between the second shaft portion and the inner surface of the output member when the first and second shaft portions are decoupled.

Abstract: An engine assembly includes a combustor having a combustion chamber in which an air and fuel mixture is combusted to produce combustion gases. The engine assembly further includes a transition scroll coupled to the combustor for receiving the combustion gases. The transition scroll includes an interior surface, an exterior surface, and effusion cooling holes for providing cooling air to the interior surface. The engine assembly further includes a turbine coupled to the transition scroll for receiving and extracting energy from the combustion gases.

Abstract: A pulse system for detaching ice includes a power supply for applying a high-power heating pulse to the interface between ice and an object such as a cold plate of an ice making system, an ice-container, a heat-exchanger, a refrigerator surface or an airplane wing. Pulse heating may be generated within a metal foil or resistive film disposed upon an object to be deiced, or a capillary tube proximate the object to be deiced. An interfacial layer of ice is melted and the ice is released from the object. A force, for example gravity, pressure of vaporization or mechanical scraping, removes the ice from the object.

Abstract: A refrigeration unit is provided without impairing freshness, as before thawing, after thawing frozen subjects, and, with providing excellent color of dark colored flesh of fish/meat, especially in the case of using perishable food, such as meat or fish, for subjects to be frozen. A core unit for a refrigerator, between a substantially-rectangular first plate member and a substantially-rectangular second plate member spaced apart and arranged in parallel toward each other, where an electric wave is propagated to the sides of the first plate member and the second plate member by an electric wave transmission antenna, and that can form a unidirectional and substantially-uniform static magnetic field in substantially-normal directions of a principal surface of the first plate member and a principal surface of the second plate member, is used.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a system is provided. The system includes a heat exchanger including a thermal exchange block having a top surface and a bottom surface. The system further includes a first thermoelectric cooler abutting the top surface of the thermal exchanger block and a first heat sink thermally coupled to the first thermoelectric cooler. The system also includes a second thermoelectric cooler abutting the bottom surface of the thermal exchanger block and a second heat sink thermally coupled to the second thermoelectric cooler.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing air-conditioning to a vehicle is disclosed. The apparatus includes a solar photovoltaic panel positioned in a window or windshield to provide direct current to power a thermoelectric assembly to pump excess heat out of the interior of the car. The car is air-conditioned in a parked state and pre-air-conditioned before use.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in connection with a vortex tube process. A pressurized medium flow is fed into a nozzle inlet. The medium flow expands while moving forward. The medium flow is twisted while entering a working tube. The twisted medium flow is divided into separate cold and hot flows. The cold flow is discharged from the vortex tube via a cold flow head after going through a hole in the center of a wall limiting a first end of the working tube. The hot flow is discharged from the vortex tube via a hot flow head after passing through the working tube having a flow valve at its second end. Parameters of thermodynamic processes in the vortex tube are controlled: by regulating the hot flow rate in the hot flow head by regulating the medium flow in the nozzle inlet, by regulating an efflux speed of the cold and/or hot flows in the vortex tube, and/or by intensification of heat transfer in the vortex tube by mechanical, chemical and/or electrical assemblies therein.

Abstract: When hydrogen is taken out, para-hydrogen having a low energy is converted into ortho-hydrogen having a high energy, and a cooling effect of endothermy of the para-ortho conversion is utilized for maintaining the temperature within a hydrogen storage device low. For accomplishing such a system, there is provided a hydrogen storage device for storing a liquid hydrogen, wherein a porous magnetic body serving as a para-ortho conversion catalyst is arranged in a hydrogen circulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and system for managing boil-off gas generated during ship-to-ship transfer of LNG at sea. The LNG is transferred from a storage tank onboard a delivery vessel to a storage tank onboard a receiving vessel. The process includes the steps of a) operating the receiving vessel storage tank at a pressure greater than the operating pressure of the delivery vessel storage tank; and, b) transferring a portion of the boil-off gas from the receiving vessel storage tank to the delivery vessel storage tank onboard.

Abstract: A process and plant for the vaporization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) consist in obtaining electric energy during the vaporization operation by means of thermal exchange by transformation means of an energy source for obtaining electric power.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a quick freezing apparatus and method making it possible to prevent a subtle reaction between an object-to-be-preserved and a gas inside its freezing store to prevent deformation and deterioration of the object-to-be-preserved as much as possible and freeze-preserve the object maintaining its freshness and quality at a high standard for a long term, and thereby applicable to a long-term preservation of a living tissue. [Configuration] A quick freezing apparatus includes a freezing store 11 including a door for bringing in or taking out an object-to-be-frozen 3, a freezer 17 capable of lowering a temperature inside the freezing store to a temperature equal to or less than approximately ?30 degrees C., a pressure regulator 60 capable of adjusting a gas pressure inside the freezing store, and a ventilator 31 for sending cold air at a wind velocity of 1 to 5 m/sec toward the object-to-be-frozen placed inside the freezing store.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermochemical device and to a method for producing refrigeration at very low temperature. The device produces refrigeration at a temperature Tf<?20° C., from an available heat source at a temperature Th of 60-80° C. and a heat sink at the ambient temperature To of 10° C.-25° C. It comprises two coupled dipoles, operating in phase. One of the dipoles may be regenerated from a heat source at the temperature Th and a heat sink at To, and produce refrigeration at the temperature Tf with a heat sink at a temperature below the ambient temperature To. The other dipole may be regenerated from a heat source at the temperature Th and a heat sink at the temperature To.

Abstract: A process for cooling a storage container, in particular a mobile storage container for a cryogenic medium, is described. According to the invention, the following process steps and features are provided: a) Direct or indirect connection of the storage container (S) that is to be cooled to a refrigeration circuit (2-8, V, T, a, a?), b) Whereby a cold medium, which is identical to or different from the medium that is to be stored in the storage container that is to be cooled, circulates in the refrigeration circuit, c) Whereby the cold medium is compressed (V), cooled (E), and expanded (T) to produce cold, and d) At least a partial stream of the cold medium (5, 7) is used for the cooling of the storage container (S) that is to be cooled.

Abstract: A cooling system for cooling a room containing a plurality of computer devices is provided. The cooling system has a number of cooling supplies and at least one temperature sensor. Using the at least one temperature sensor and altering the cooling supplied to the room by the cooling supplies, the affect of each cooling supply on the temperature of the room can be approximated and used for the operation of the cooling system.

Abstract: To provide a heat pump water heater outdoor unit and heat pump water heater capable of preventing reduction in heating/hot water supply ability even at a low ambient temperature.

Abstract: An air conditioning system operates on a supercritical cycle for a vehicle and includes a circuit through which a refrigerant flows, which circuit includes an evaporator where the refrigerant collects heat from the ventilation air to be conditioned, a compressor, a cooler where the refrigerant releases heat into the outside air, an expander, and an arrangement for humidifying the outside air that contacts the cooler. The system has no internal heat exchanger.

Abstract: Disclosed is an indoor unit of an air conditioner, in which discharge units respectively provided on upper and lower portions of the indoor unit have an improved discharge structure such that the discharge units are interchangeable, to increase cooling efficiency regardless of installation position of the indoor unit. The indoor unit includes a cabinet; a first discharge unit being detachably provided on the cabinet and configured to discharge air in a forward direction; and a second discharge unit separated from the first discharge unit, being detachably provided on the cabinet and configured to discharge air in the oblique direction, the first discharge unit and the second discharge unit being interchangeable according to a height of a position at which the cabinet is installed. The indoor unit of the air conditioner sets the optimum direction of discharged air, thus increasing the cooling efficiency of an indoor space.

Abstract: A cooling tower comprises a body provided with air-intake windows located above a catch basin, and a water distributor, which has a sprinkler, and an irrigators. Ring tubular units are connected to each other to form a ring-type evaporator fed from a pipeline, which is used for water supply from a water source independent of the water distributor, and are vertically arranged in the apertures of the air-intake windows. Equally spaced atomizing sprayers are mounted on each of the tubular units along the circumference of the unit. The invention makes it possible to enhance the operational performance of the cooling tower in a hot environment by improving operating service and maintenance conditions.

Abstract: A fin-tube heat exchanger 1 includes a plurality of fins 3 arrayed spaced apart from and parallel to each other so as to form gaps for allowing a first fluid to flow therethrough, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes 2 penetrating the plurality of fins 3 and for allowing a second fluid to flow therethrough. The plurality of heat transfer tubes 2 includes first heat transfer tubes 2A and second heat transfer tubes 2B arranged in a predetermined row direction that intersects the flow direction of the first fluid. The fins 3 have protrusions 5 each disposed between a first heat transfer tube 2A and a second heat transfer tube 2B, for guiding the first fluid toward the first heat transfer tube 2A side and the second heat transfer tube 2B side. The equivalent diameter of the protrusion 5, as viewed in the axis direction of the heat transfer tubes 2, is equal to or greater than the outer diameter of the heat transfer tubes 2.

Abstract: The cooling device (1) of the present invention comprises a cooling cabin (2) wherein items to be cooled are stored, one or more doors (3), preventing heat transfer between the cooling cabin (2) and the exterior environment when closed, providing access for the user to the cooling cabin (2) when opened, a compressor (7) providing the refrigerant to be sucked and pumped, a condenser (8) condensing the refrigerant leaving the compressor as superheated vapor to first liquid vapor phase then to entirely liquid phase, a water reservoir (5) disposed on the door (3) or the cabin (2) wherein water is stored, and a water dispenser (4) providing the water in the water reservoir (5) to be delivered outside of the cooling device (1) when desired.

Abstract: A vegetable bin (4) or a refrigerator comprises a floor, enclosing side walls and a substantially open top. The vegetable bin is placed within a refrigerated space beneath a lower shelf (6) to be cooled. The vegetable bin is furt provided with a lid (5) to cover said open top, and said lid is suspended underneath the lower shelf directly above t vegetable bin. In one condition the lid substantially seals the vegetable bin to help keep the vegetables fresh. In another condition the lid is lifted up a small amount at a rear portion of the lid, by operating control means (11), in order to allow the air within the vegetable container to exchange with the air of the refrigerated space. The air pathway is opened between the lid and the upper perimeter of the vegetable bin and is preferably located toward th rear of the refrigerated space proximate a circulating fan (8).

Abstract: A refrigerator with a body and a door attached to the body wherein the body and the door delimit a thermally-insulated interior space, the refrigerator including a pressure-compensating valve for controlling an inflow of air from the outside of the refrigerator into the interior space and an outflow of air to the outside of the refrigerator out of the interior space to the outside of the refrigerator, wherein the pressure-compensating valve is disposed in thermal contact with a heat source and for heating the pressure-compensating valve to a temperature greater than the freezing point of water.

Abstract: This unit (37) comprises an evaporator (45) of liquid refrigerating fluid and an absorber (47) of gaseous refrigerating fluid linked to the evaporator (45). The apparatus (37) includes a migrating chamber (121) for gaseous refrigerant fluid delimited by an evaporation surface (73A) located on the absorber (47) facing the evaporation surface (73A), and through a connecting floor (57) linking these surfaces (73A, 109A). The evaporator (45) comprises a refrigerant fluid collector (65) linked to the evaporation surface (73A) to collect the refrigerant fluid downstream from this surface. The evaporator (45) comprises partitions (67) set out in the chamber (121) and delimiting, on the evaporation surface (73A) at least one area (103) covered by partitions (67) and at least one uncovered evaporation area (105). For application in motor vehicle air conditioning.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compressing a natural gas stream is disclosed. The natural gas stream to be compressed is liquefied and then compressed by means of at least one cryogenic pump. Liquefaction of the natural gas stream to be compressed preferably takes place using the energy from a low-temperature process, specifically in the exchange of heat countercurrent to at least one medium to be heated, preferably countercurrent to a cryogenic medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquefied natural gas composition. The composition contains methane, ethane and propane and butane. The composition contains a substantial amount of butane while being substantially free of hydrocarbon molecules larger than butane.

Abstract: A tubular protector prevents the tearing and elongation of body piercing holes by heavy jewelry and decorative items which mount using small gauge wire or other sharp mountings. Several configurations of the protector are described as well as installation tools and methods.

Abstract: A jewellery element, in particular a precious stone ring, comprises a magnetic device to cause the jewellery element setting to float with respect to the jewellery element base.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the process used in the heat treatment of glass measures the quality of the glass following the heat treatment process. Inputs to the control system for the heat treatment process derive from the automated inspection of glass following heat treatment. Outputs from the control system for the heat treatment process may adjust one or more parameters in the heat treatment process including a furnace or heating setting, a transport setting, and a quench or cooling setting.

Abstract: A device for gravity bending of at least one glass sheet supported by at least one support forming part of a bending assembly, plural supports supporting the sheet during bending. The device includes a drive system for changing the shape of the support, the drive system controlling the rate of the change. A method of bending glass sheets utilizes the device.

Abstract: In order to permit more effective cooling in comparison to the prior art, in particular in its floor area, of a hollow glass article (1) standing upright on the base (2) of a setting plate (4) provided with transcurrent orifices (9, 9?, 9?) forming a cavity (8) between a base (2) and the facing surface of the setting plate (4) of the standing surface (2?), it is proposed to utilize a part of the orifices (9) situated inside the standing surface (2?) for the supply of cooling air into the cavity (8), and to utilize the remaining orifices (9?) inside the standing surface (2?) only for the extraction of cooling air from the cavity (8).

Abstract: Systems and methods of collapsing the air lines in the air line-containing region of a nanostructure optical fiber are disclosed. One method includes initiating irradiation of a portion of the nanostructure optical fiber from essentially opposite directions with at least first and second laser beams having substantially equal power and essentially the same mid-infrared wavelength. The method includes continuing the irradiation for an irradiation time t1 so as to bring the optical fiber portion to a softening temperature TS at which the air lines in the optical fiber portion collapse into the adjacent cladding. Exemplary optical systems for carrying out the air- line-collapsing methods of the present invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a drum type washing machine and a control program therefore. The washing machine includes a control mechanism to control a motor. The control mechanism includes a torque control unit to perform torque addition processes of adding pulse type torque during only a period for which a drum makes one rotation in a uniform torque control state in which torque of the motor is uniformly controlled at least two times and to perform the second torque addition process after n+0.5 rotations of the drum (n is an integer not less than 1) on the basis of the first torque addition process, and a weight calculation unit to calculate an average value of rotational accelerations of the motor at the respective torque addition processes and to calculate a weight of laundry received in the drum based on the average value.

Abstract: Drum type washing machine including a tub of plastic for holding washing water, the tub having a wall for mounting a driving unit thereto, a drum mounted on an inside of the tub, a shaft passed through the tub and coupled to the drum mounted inside of the tub, for transmission of driving force from a motor to the drum, at least one bearing for supporting the shaft, a bearing housing insert molded in the plastic tub for supporting the bearing, a stator to form the motor with a rotor, the rotor around the stator, and a tub supporter of metal between the wall of the tub and the stator, wherein the stator includes an annular helical type core having multiple layers formed by winding a steel plate having Ts and a base portion in a helix starting from a bottom layer to a top layer, an insulator insert molded with the helical type core to cover an outside surface of the helical type core for electrical insulation of the helical type core, and three fastening portions formed as a unit with the insulator projected fro

Abstract: [PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED] It is intended to provide a washing apparatus for reliably cleaning water-soluble contaminations such as sweat without damaging fabrics. [SOLUTION] This washing apparatus has a frame body 18 to be filled with a cleaning liquid. The frame body 18 is rotated within a casing by a drive motor 23. The frame body 18 has an inner periphery having a wavy patterned surface. An inner diameter D of the frame body 18 is set to more than or equal to 600 mm and less than or equal to 850 mm. The frame body 18 is rotated so that a peripheral speed of the inner periphery 39 is more than or equal to 28 m/min and less than or equal to 57 m/min. A height h of the wave form is set to more than or equal to 2.0% and less than or equal to 9.0% of the inner diameter D, and a pitch p of the wave form is set to more than or equal to 2.0% and less than or equal to 9.0% of a peripheral length L of an imaginary circle having a diameter of the inner diameter D.

Abstract: A laundry treating device is disclosed, which includes a cabinet that defines an exterior appearance of the device, a tub installed in the cabinet, a lower water holding part recessed in a lower portion of the tub to form a predetermined space, and a water drain hose connected with a side surface of the lower water holding part. The laundry treating device is capable of providing a sufficient water drain height, with improved inner space utilization.

Abstract: A locking arrangement for the latching of a door to a counterpart has an upper part and a lower part. The upper part has at least one base section, a first side section which is angled with respect to the base section, a cover section which is angled with respect to the first side section, and a securing section which is angled with respect to the cover section and has a securing opening. The lower part has at least one base section and a securing section which is angled with respect to the base section of the lower part and has a securing opening. A holding means for the holding of a hoop lock is provided at the upper part or at the lower part. The upper part and the lower part can be positioned in a position of use relative to one another such that the securing opening of the upper part and the securing opening of the lower part are arranged in alignment to be able to secure the two securing sections to one another by means of a lock hoop.

Abstract: A land vehicle includes a wheeled axle that is operable to be selectively self-steering. The axle includes a ground wheel that is operable to be selectively locked into a straight-ahead position so that self-steering is restricted. The land vehicle also includes a wheel lockout indicator system that is operable to sense when the ground wheel is locked in the straight-ahead position and can alert an operator by confirming that the ground wheel has been locked in the straight-ahead position.

Abstract: A steering lock device and method of manufacturing the steering lock device, which is interoperated with an electronic authentication system via minimal structural changes, whose productivity is improved since coupling/decoupling is simple, and whose security against motor vehicle theft is improved, is provided. In the steering lock device, an actuator is coupled with a cam protrusion being coupled with a lock pin, and thereby moves the lock pin. The actuator is operated by an electronic authentication device being carried by a driver, moves the lock pin when receiving a driving signal, and selectively fixes a steering column. Due to the steering lock device and the method of manufacturing the steering device, productivity is improved since coupling/decoupling is simple, and security against motor vehicle theft is improved.

Abstract: A latch assembly includes a chassis, a latch bolt moveably mounted on the chassis and having a closed position for retaining a striker and an open position for releasing the striker, a pawl having an engaged position at which the pawl is engaged with the latch bolt to hold the latch bolt in the closed position and a disengaged position at which the pawl is disengaged from the latch bolt, thereby allowing the latch bolt to move to the open position, an eccentric arrangement defining an eccentric axis and a pawl axis remote from the eccentric axis. The eccentric arrangement is rotatable about the eccentric axis, and the pawl is rotatable about the pawl axis. When the pawl moves from the engaged position to the disengaged position, the eccentric arrangement rotates in one of a clockwise and a counter-clockwise direction about the eccentric axis.

Abstract: A security sealing system providing tamper detection. Including a self locking flexible material strip bearing indicia and an electronic system. The electronic system includes at least a transponder, having two separated subunits. The transponder is accessible when intact by a wireless reader means, indicating the intactness of said transponder and reading the transponder's memory.

Abstract: A lock includes a shell, an annular holding member, and a bead holder; the shell has three gaps around its lock hole; the annular member is held in the shell, and has a central shaft, three gaps, and several holes each holding a pine therein; the bead holder is positioned around one end of the shaft in the shell, and has cavities around its middle hole; long beads are held in the cavities respectively, and biased towards the holes of the annular holding member with springs to engage the annular member; a key is used with the lock, which key has three outer bar portions; when the key is inserted in the lock hole, and pressed inwards, it will force the pins to push the beads, and its bar portions will be received in the gaps of the annular member; thus, the annular member can be turned with the key.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system and method for composting large amounts waste material comprising a predominant amount of compostable organic material, such as Source Separated Organic (SSO) material. The method comprises mixing the waste material with a bulking agent such as tree bark, removing larger inorganic material then compositing the remainder using compositing bacteria and forced air to promote composting. During its initial composting stages when the majority of noxious gasses, fumes and odours are generated the composting is carried out in an enclosed area and the gases removed and treated using a bio-filter. Once the compostable organic material has been adequately decomposed the bulking agent is removed along with any residual inorganic material and the composting process completed. In particular embodiment the bulking agent is recycled. There is also disclosed a method and device for mixing the waste material with the bulking agent.

Abstract: A robotic bending apparatus for bending archwires and other types of elongate, bendable medical devices into a desired configuration includes a first gripping tool and a moveable gripping tool. The first gripping tool can be either fixed with respect to a base or table for the robot or positioned at the end of robot am. The moveable gripping tool is mounted to the end of a moveable robot arm having a proximal portion also mounted to the base. The robot preferably comprises a six axis bending robot, in which the distal end of the moveable arm can move relative to the fixed gripping tool about three translational axes and three rotational axes. The gripping tools preferably incorporate force sensors which are used to determine overbends needed to get the desired final shape of the archwire. The robot may also include a resistive heating system in which current flows through the wire while the wire is held in a bent condition to heat the wire and thereby retain the bent shape of the wire.

Abstract: The dimensions of the fitting part of an actuator are to be dramatically reduced while enabling control items such as a driving motor and a position sensor of standard designs to be fitted around outside the actuator. To achieve this purpose, the actuator is provided with a trunnion type universal joint including: a fitting shaft, holding members and a rotary block having a nut arranged in it; a ball screw that is screwed into the nut of the universal joint and, being operationally linked to a driving power source, can move the nut back and forth; and a ball screw guide that is provided on the universal joint and guides the back-and-forth moving direction of the ball screw.

Abstract: In a rolling stand (1), especially a plate rolling stand, with a right housing column (2), a left housing column (3), an upper column crosshead (4) that connects them, at least one pair of work rolls and one pair of backup rolls and associated chocks, a balancing device with brackets (5, 6) and a piston rod (7) that extends upward through the column crosshead (4) beyond the upper surface (8) of the column crosshead (4), the piston rod (7) has a yoke (10) at its outer end (9), which yoke (10) is oriented in the rolling direction and engages the brackets (5, 6) of the balancing device, and a rotating sleeve (11), which encloses the piston rod (7), is arranged between the upper edge (12) of the balancing cylinder (22) and the lower edge (13) of the yoke (10), is supported on the column crosshead (4), and has at least one open slot (14) into which the yoke (10) can drop.

Abstract: A high-strength hot bend pipe which has a balance between an excellent strength of at least X70 grade and toughness and which has excellent tensile properties and a weld metal with excellent low temperature toughness is manufactured. A UOE steel pipe having a base metal with a composition of C: 0.03-0.12%, Si: 0.05-0.50%, Mn: 1.4-2.2%, S: at most 0.01%, Al: at most 0.06%, N: at most 0.008%, and a remainder of Fe and impurities, with the carbon equivalent (Ceq) being at most 0.36% and the weld cracking parameter (Pcm) being at most 0.22%, and having a weld metal with a weld cracking parameter (Pcm) of at most 0.28%, a B content of at most 5 ppm, and an O content of at most 280 ppm is heated to a temperature range of 900-1100° C. and subjected to bending, and then is immediately cooled to a temperature range of 300° C. or lower at a cooling rate of at least 3° C./sec, and then is tempered in a temperature range of 300-500° C.

Abstract: A battering apparatus including a battering element, an air source, a sensing device, a triggering mechanism, and a battering element release mechanism. Engagement of the sensing device activates the triggering mechanism which in turn activated the battering element release mechanism. The battering element is then released, and driven by air from the air source, moved to its extended position, causing the battering head of the battering element to engage an item to be broken.

Abstract: The forming tool is provided for sheet-metal components and embodied in particular as a forming gripper. The forming tool can be positioned and handled in an automated manner by an industrial robot system. The forming tool has a component-probing system, which contains a probing element that is displaceable upon contact with the component. The displacement of the probing element can be ascertained by a measuring system. Furthermore, a suitable method for positioning the forming tool is provided.

Abstract: A pressure transmitting device inspection system for a plant includes a gauge calibration terminal used for inspection of a pressure transmitting device of a plant, a determining unit which automatically downloads a gauge specification of the pressure transmitting device, monitors an applied pressure, automatically collects inspection data and automatically determines an inspection result, a remote server for gauge calibration which generates a result sheet based on the determination result, and a control unit for centrally controlling the gauge specification, the inspection result and an inspection history.

Abstract: A sensor diagnostic system comprises first, second, and third dosing agent sensors and a control module. The first, second, and third dosing agent sensors indicate whether a dosing agent is present at first, second, and third volumetric levels of a dosing agent tank, respectively. The second volumetric level is greater than the first volumetric level and the third volumetric level is greater than the second volumetric level. The control module selectively diagnoses a sensor fault in at least one of the first, second, and third dosing agent sensors based on the indications of the first, second, and third dosing agent sensors.