Abstract: A curtain system is described which includes a curtain having a plurality of rod engaging members attached thereto, a plurality of rods each having a first end, and a curtain release mechanism attached to the rod at the first end thereof. The rod engaging members each includes a stem having a first end and a second end and a yoke extending from the first end of the stem. The curtain release mechanisms have a slot formed therein and extending therethrough and also include a user operable mechanism for retention of the yoke upon insertion into the slot. The user operable mechanism is further operable for substantially simultaneous release of the yokes and therefore the curtain from the curtain release mechanisms.

Abstract: A privacy curtain system is described that includes a curtain having a plurality of rod engaging members extending therefrom, a curtain gathering cord slidably engaged with the curtain, and a plurality of rods. Each rod has a lower hooking member configured to engage one of the rod engaging members. The curtain gathering cord is operable to cause the rod engaging members to release from a respective lower hooking member.

Abstract: A cargo net for vehicle enabling stored luggage to be prevented from being damaged by vibrations transmitted from a floor of a luggage compartment. A cargo net 1 comprises a first partition member 2 and a second partition member 3 having one end 3a thereof connected with one end of the first partition member 2, so that it is detachably attached to a luggage compartment 5 of a vehicle 4. The first and second partition members 2, 3 are formed into a pouched shape, each including an openable and closable portion 12 near the center of the luggage compartment 5. The cargo net 1 can hold the luggage 21 stored in the second partition member 3 without being contacted by the floor 5a of the luggage compartment 5, the stored luggage 21 can be prevented from being damaged by the vibration of the vehicle 4 from the floor 5a.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to methods for pretreatment of cellulosic biomass for bioconversion into ethanol and other biofuels and wood-based chemicals, recycling of newsprint and other paper products, microfibrillation of cellulose for use as an additive in the food and cosmetic industries, manufacturing improved hardboard, and producing and improved “super” pulp while reducing chemical usage and spent liquor generation. In particular, the instant invention employs supercritical, critical or near critical fluids with and without polar cosolvents [critical fluid, SuperFluids or SFS] for the pretreatment of cellulosic biomass.

Abstract: A thermomechanical pulping method including: refining pulp with a high consistency refining stage, and a medium consistency refining stage processing the refined pulp discharge from the high consistency refining stage. Chemical pretreatments for improving pulp quality development during medium consistency refining can be optionally added at the pressurized chip press, fiberizer pre-refining step, primary high consistency refining step, and/or the standpipe feeding the medium consistency refiner.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for treating a green liquor stream produced in a kraft pulp process to separate green liquor from dregs present in the stream by utilizing a filtration vessel that has a pressure differential between the green liquor inlet and outlet to drive the dregs from the green liquor. In addition, negative pressure is utilized in the filtration vessel to thereby drive water vapor from and consequently cool the filtered green liquor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wet-fast nonwoven, preferably a fiber paper, which comprises fibers from a cellulose-containing material and fibers from a thermoplastic material welded firmly together at their points of intersection. The fibers from the cellulose-containing material are preferably hemp fibers while the fibers from the thermoplastic material are preferably fibers from polypropylene, polyester or polyamide. The fibers are interlinked under the action of pressure and/or heat, especially using a pair of heated calender rolls. The nonwoven or the fiber paper is especially used to reinforce food casings based on regenerated cellulose, especially in artificial cellulose hydrate-based sausage skins.

Abstract: A method produces pressed products from fiber-containing raw materials such as wood, straw, peat or suchlike, which are also referred to as secondary raw materials. In order to produce well pressed products, fiber-containing raw materials are mixed with water, vapor and, if need be, further additives while heating the raw materials and additives, the mixture being held at high temperature for a lengthy period of time before pressing.

Abstract: The continuous digester system has an inlet defined therein for the feed of a chips suspension and an outlet for the output of a cooked suspension of pulp. The suspension of chips is fed in to the inlet through a line at the beginning of the cook, where the chips suspension has a volume of starting cooking fluid that establishes a fluid/wood ratio that is greater than 3.5. A final cooking fluid is present during the cook for the major part of the cook and is withdrawn through a withdrawal strainer only during the final 15 minutes of the cook. The final cooking fluid ensures a fluid/wood ratio that is greater than 3.5 in association with the withdrawal. The withdrawn final cooking fluid during the final 15 minutes of the cook consists of spent black liquor that maintains a residual alkali level that lies under 15 g/l.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for manufacturing metal bars or ingots. The abstract of the disclosure is submitted herewith as required by 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b). As stated in 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b): A brief abstract of the technical disclosure in the specification must commence on a separate sheet, preferably following the claims, under the heading “Abstract of the Disclosure.” The purpose of the abstract is to enable the Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. The abstract shall not be used for interpreting the scope of the claims. Therefore, any statements made relating to the abstract are not intended to limit the claims in any manner and should not be interpreted as limiting the claims in any manner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for casting a composite ingot made of metals that are susceptible to surface oxide formation when molten. The method involves co-casting at least two metal layers from at least two molten metal pools formed within a direct chill casting apparatus. During the casting operation, movement of metal oxide formed on the upper surface of at least one of the pools towards an edge of the pool is restrained by an oxide skimmer positioned close to an edge of the pool above an external surface or metal-metal interface of the ingot. The apparatus provides a DC caster with at least one oxide skimmer that operates in this manner.

Abstract: A castable high temperature aluminum alloy is cast by controlled solidification that combines composition design and solidification rate control to synergistically enhance the performance and versatility of the castable aluminum alloy for a wide range of elevated temperature applications. In one example, the aluminum alloy contains by weight approximately 1.0-20.0% of rare earth elements that contribute to the elevated temperature strength by forming a dispersion of insoluble particles via a eutectic microstructure. The aluminum alloy also includes approximately 0.1 to 15% by weight of minor alloy elements. Controlled solidification improves microstructural uniformity and refinement and provides the optimum structure and properties for the specific casting condition. The molten aluminum alloy is poured into an investment casing shell and lowered into a quenchant at a controlled rate.

Abstract: An expendable salt core has the shape of a water jacket by, e.g., die casting using a salt of bromine and at least one of sodium and potassium, and a salt of carbonic acid and at least one of sodium and potassium. The expendable salt core is formed to contain at least one of potassium and sodium as a cation, and bromine and carbonic acid as anions. For example, the expendable salt core is formed by casting using a melt obtained by melting a salt mixture of sodium bromide and sodium carbonate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for continuously casting thin steel strip includes a pair of counter-rotatable casting rolls having a nip there between capable of delivering cast strip downwardly from the nip, a metal delivery system capable of forming a casting pool supported on casting surfaces of the casting rolls above the nip with side dams adjacent the ends of the nip to confine the casting pool, and a hot rolling mill having work rolls with work surfaces forming a gap between them through which hot strip delivered from the casting rolls is rolled, the work rolls having work surfaces relating to the desired strip profile across the work rolls. Misting jets may be in intervals along the path of the cast strip exiting from the hot rolling mill to form a cooling zone, the misting jets capable of directing toward surfaces of the cast strip a mixture of gas and water having a ratio of gas over water between 9 and 90 to cool the cast strip at more than 1.6° C. per liter of water used.

Abstract: A method of production of an ultralow carbon cast slab characterized by adding Ti to molten steel decarburized to a carbon concentration of 0.01 mass % or less, further adding at least one of Ce, La, and Nd, and using an immersion nozzle to inject the above molten steel from a tundish to a casting mold for continuous casting while maintaining a flow rate of Ar gas blown from any location in a range from a tundish upper nozzle to discharge ports of said immersion nozzle at 3 Nl (normal liter)/min or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooling and heating cabinet device of a rear seat side for a vehicle using a thermoelectric module that is mounted between rear seats of a vehicle, having cooling and heating functions and further having an arm-resting function irrespective of its activation as the cooling and heating device, and that makes the exhaust fan activated by the control of the controller of the air conditioning system, thereby achieving the air-refreshing function as well as the cooling or heating mode function of the cooling and heating cabinet.

Abstract: The thermal control device comprises at least one capillary pumped diphasic fluid loop, comprising, in a known manner, an evaporator extracting the heat from a so-called hot source and connected via a vapour pipe to a condenser in which the condensation of the fluid vapour releases thermal energy transmitted to a so-called cold source, the condenser being connected via a liquid pipe to the evaporator, and the device moreover comprises at least one thermal capacitor in permanent heat exchange relationship with liquid phase fluid in said at least one diphasic fluid loop. Use in particular with space vehicles such as satellites.

Abstract: A heat sink includes a first heat dispensing unit including multiple heat dispensing plates between which chips are clamped. A base board is connected on a top of the first heat dispensing unit and a second heat dispensing unit is fixed on a top of the base board. The base board is connected to the first heat dispensing unit by two clamping members. The second heat dispensing unit can be a fan, a water-cooling unit or an aluminum extruding member.

Abstract: A heat sink includes a first heat dispensing unit including multiple heat dispensing plates between which chips are clamped. A base board is connected on a top of the first heat dispensing unit and two engaging portions are connected to two ends of the base board. A second heat dispensing unit is fixed on a top of the base board. Two clamps connect the base board to the first heat dispensing unit. The second heat dispensing unit can be a fan, a water-cooling unit or an aluminum extruding member.

Abstract: A heat sink includes a first heat dispensing unit including multiple heat dispensing plates between which chips are clamped. A base board is connected on a top of the first heat dispensing unit and a second heat dispensing unit is fixed on a top of the base board. The base board is connected to the first heat dispensing unit by two clamping members. The clamping members each have a first portion fixed to the base board and a second board which is removably connected to the first portion. The second portion is connected to the first heat dispensing unit. The second heat dispensing unit can be a fan, a water-cooling unit or an aluminum extruding member.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a support plate made of an electrically non-conducting material. Electrical connection vias are formed outside a chip fixing region provided on the front face of the support plate. Electrical connection wires connect pads on a front of the chip to pads on the front of the support plate associated with the electrical connection vias. The front face of the support plate is further provided with at least one intermediate front layer made of a thermally conducting material extending at least partly below the chip. The rear face of the support plate is provided with at least one rear layer made of a thermally conducting material extending at least partly opposite the front layer. The front and rear layers are connected by vias made of a thermally conducting material that fills through-holes made through the plate.

Abstract: A heat radiating unit in the form of a heat sink includes a contact section arranged on a central portion of an end face of the heat sink for contacting with a heat source, and having more than one extension plate outward extended therefrom; a first heat-dissipating section composed of multiple curved radiation fins outward extended from two opposite sides of the contact section to provided increased heat radiating areas; and a second heat-dissipating section composed of multiple straight fins outward extended from another two opposite sides of the contact section and outer surfaces of the extension plates. The contact section conducts heat generated by the heat source to the first and second heat-dissipating sections, through which airflow produced by a cooling fan flows to carry the heat away from the heat sink in multiple directions to achieve enhanced heat-dissipating effect.

Abstract: A blowerless heat exchanger apparatus based on micro-jet entrainment is disclosed. The heat exchanger apparatus incorporates a number of fins regularly spaced apart from each other and parallel to each other, thus letting air currents flow in the space defined between them. A dense array of micro-jet nozzles can be fabricated on the fins surface pointing to the flow direction of the air movement in order to induce increase airflow. The air from an air compressor delivers sufficient airflow on the fins surface utilizing micro-jets entrainment. The micro-jet entrainment confirms strong turbulent around the micro-jets and suggests significant heat transfer enhancement. The turbulence from the micro-jets enhance the heat transfer coefficient, potentially by an order of magnitude, therefore allowing much larger fin spacing and leads to huge reduction of flow resistance and overall power consumption.

Abstract: A quick temperature-equalizing heat-dissipating device includes a hermetic container, a metallic sheet, and two metallic nets. The hermetic container contains a liquid working medium and has an internal top side and an internal bottom side. The metallic sheet is mounted inside the hermetic container, having a plurality of pores running therethrough and a plurality of support pieces protruding outward from its upper and lower surfaces respectively. The two metallic nets are supported by the support pieces to contact against the internal top and bottom sides of the hermetic container. Accordingly, the heat-dissipating device is based on the aforesaid heat-dissipating structure and the principle of working medium liquid phase transition to quickly equally dissipate the high heat flow density of an electronic component.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrical discharge surface treatment-purpose electrode that stabilizes properties and a film-forming rate of a coating made by surface treatment that uses the electrode showing a narrow distribution in physical properties such as a composition and resistance. A method of manufacturing an electrical discharge surface treatment-purpose electrode according to the present invention is identified as a method of manufacturing an electrical discharge surface treatment-purpose electrode formed of a green compact made of a metal powder subjected to compression molding, characterized in that the method includes the step of forming a nitride coating by nitriding a surface of the metal powder, and the step of forming a green compact by subjecting the metal powder having its surface nitrided to compression molding.

Abstract: A heat radiating fin includes a flat body, two flange portions formed at two opposite edges of the flat body, and two inward bent locking ends formed at two lateral ends of each of the flange portions to space from the flat body by a distance. When two or more of the heat radiating fins are stacked to form a thermal module, the locking ends of a second heat radiating fin extend beyond the first heat radiating fin via the spaces between the locking ends and the flat body of the first heat radiating fin to upward abut against the flat body of the first heat radiating fin, so that the first heat radiating fin is firmly held to the second heat radiating fin.

Abstract: A plate fin heat transfer device utilizes titanium plate members and aluminum dividers. The solid bar may be titanium, aluminum or an alloy of either. The titanium plate members may have a thermal conductivity of approximately 50 or 100 BTU/Hr/ft/F/in and dramatically reduce matrix conduction of heat within the plate members. The plate members may be as thin as approximately 0.002 inches while providing the necessary strength to avoid leakage during or after the manufacturing process. The advantageous thinness satisfies weight and volume parameters critical to an aircraft.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a heat exchanger turbulizer apparatus including a member having a longitudinal axis, a lateral width and a plurality of strips including first strips and second strips, each strip extending widthwise and being corrugated longitudinally so as to form a plurality of laterally spaced-apart sections connected to one another by bridges projecting from the sections in a common direction, the bridges of the first and second strips extending in the same direction and the corrugations of the second strips being offset laterally from the corrugations of the first strips. The method comprises: crimping longitudinally-corrugated strip material between first and second forming dies to form said apparatus, said dies being adapted such that substantially all lateral movement of strip material in crimping results from strip material being drawn laterally by material that has been displaced in a direction parallel to the direction of die movement.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus of a high-load bottom-up-type condensing gas boiler is disclosed. In the gas boiler system having a ventilator attached to a lower part of a combustion chamber, the heat exchange apparatus structured in such a manner that a Venturi path for achieving a high-pressure and high-velocity flow of exhaust gas is mounted in an exhaust duct formed between a sensible heat exchanger in which first heat exchange is performed and a latent heat exchanger to which firstly heat-exchanged exhaust gas is flown, so that the sensible heat exchanger and the latent heat exchanger are perfectly independent from the exhaust gas after combustion.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a thermally-conductive fluid barrier having first and second surfaces, at least one first type of foam element placed in thermally-conductive contact with the first surface of the thermally-conductive fluid barrier and having a first coefficient of thermal expansion and at least one second type of foam element placed in thermally-conductive contact with the second surface of the thermally-conductive fluid barrier and having a second coefficient of thermal expansion. The first coefficient of thermal expansion of the first type of foam element and the second coefficient of thermal expansion of the second type of foam element are substantially different.

Abstract: A heat-dissipating device without any injection pipe, which includes an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate. The upper cover plate is combined with the lower cover plate, wherein a crevice and an internal space are formed between the upper and lower cover plates. The crevice is sealed by where the upper and lower cover plates are close to the crevice by high-temperature autogenous welding to become a flat sealed surface flush with the surfaces of the upper and lower cover plates. Accordingly, the heat-dissipating device is provided with enhanced reliability and heat-dissipating efficiency. A method of making the heat-dissipating device includes the steps of putting the upper and lower cover plates together by welding; injecting a liquid working medium through the crevice into the internal space; and sealing the crevice by high-speed welding under a vacuum environment.

Abstract: A system for controlling the temperature of a passenger cabin has a tube for receiving a heat transfer fluid from an engine and a number of heating coils being thermally connected to the tube. The system also has a number of thermo-electric heat pumps connected to the tube. The heat transfer fluid is modulated for controlling the temperature of the passenger cabin at a number of different points of the passenger cabin.

Abstract: A casing exit joint with an easily milled and low density barrier. A casing exit joint for use in drilling a lateral wellbore outwardly from a parent wellbore includes a generally tubular window structure having a window formed through a sidewall of the structure. An outer sleeve is disposed external to the window structure, so that the sleeve overlies the window. A hardenable substance supports the sleeve against deflection toward the window. A method of drilling a lateral wellbore extending outwardly from a parent wellbore includes the steps of: providing a casing exit joint including a hardenable substance positioned in a sidewall of the casing exit joint; then installing the casing exit joint in the parent wellbore; and then cutting through the hardenable substance in order to provide access for drilling the lateral wellbore.

Abstract: An electrical submersible well pump assembly having a progressing cavity pump, a pump motor, a flex shaft connecting the pump motor to the pump, and a gas/liquid separator on the inlet to the pump. An inner and outer housing circumscribe a portion of the flex shaft, each having fluid inlets. The fluid inlets on the outer housing are above the inner housing inlets and an annulus is formed between the inner and outer housing. Wellbore fluid enters the assembly through the outer housing inlets, flows downward through the annulus, and into the inner housing inlets. Gas separates from the liquid as the fluid flows downward from the outer housing inlets to the inner housing inlets.

Abstract: A technique improves the operational characteristics of a well device while the device is used in a wellbore environment. The well device benefits from a unique material, in the form of a negative stiffness material or a negative Poisson's ratio material, positioned to improve the operational characteristics of the well device. The material can be located to reduce vibration and/or other detrimental effects that can interfere with operation of the well device.

Abstract: Proppants having added functional properties are provided, as are methods that use the proppants to track and trace the characteristics of a fracture in a geologic formation. Information obtained by the methods can be used to design a fracturing job, to increase conductivity in the fracture, and to enhance oil and gas recovery from the geologic formation. The functionalized proppants can be detected by a variety of methods utilizing, for example, an airborne magnetometer survey, ground penetrating radar, a high resolution accelerometer, a geophone, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultra-sound, impedance measurements, piezoelectric activity, radioactivity, and the like. Methods of mapping a subterranean formation are also provided and use the functionalized proppants to detect characteristics of the formation.

Abstract: A bottom hole assembly in a casing-while-drilling operation is retrieved by reducing the density of the fluid in the casing string above the bottom hole assembly, creating an upward force on the bottom hole assembly. As the bottom hole assembly moves upward in the casing string, fluid is pumped into the upper end of the annulus and displaced fluid flows out of the upper end of the casing string. The flow rate of the fluid flowing into the upper end of the annulus and the flow rate of the displaced fluid flowing out of the casing string are monitored and compared.

Abstract: Methods of producing a sour hydrocarbon gas via production tubing intersecting a reservoir, are described, one method including contacting an underground reservoir with an aqueous composition optionally comprising an additive, the reservoir comprising hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds; displacing the composition into the reservoir by forcing a fluid (which may be a non-hydrocarbon gas, or inert gas, or nitrogen, or argon, or mixture thereof), into the reservoir, or into the production tubing; and producing at least some of the hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds from the reservoir through the production tubing, the composition wetting the production tubing and preventing substantial deposition of elemental sulfur thereon.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that uses (a) source-receiver reciprocity and (b) a method such as ISR DMO (U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0098529) that allows reconstruction of densely sampled gathers at arbitrary surface locations, to efficiently predict multiple reflections, either surface related or interbed multiples, in seismic data. For each reconstructed gather and each output (field) trace, two traces are extracted corresponding to the field source and receiver positions of the output trace, then they are convolved and the convolution result is added (summed) to that obtained by applying this procedure to previously reconstructed gathers. The efficiency results from the fact that the convolutions are performed by looping over all traces for each “bounce” point, with the outer loop being over bounce points. Once all the reconstructed gathers are processed, multiple predictions are obtained for the whole survey by conventional means.

Abstract: A formation fluid evaluation system (800) interconnected within a tubular string (818) for operation in a wellbore (802) having multiple zones (806, 808, 810). The evaluation system (800) includes a set of straddle packers (820, 822) that is operable to sequentially isolate the multiple zones (806, 808, 810). A test valve (824) is disposed between the straddle packers (820, 822). A fluid unloading assembly (828) is positioned uphole of the straddle packers (820, 822). The fluid unloading assembly (828) is operable to draw fluid (834) from the isolated zone (808) into the tubular string (818) through the test valve (824) in response to the circulation of a drive fluid down the tubular string (818). A formation evaluation instrument (836) is disposed within the tubular string (818) and determines a characteristic of the fluid (834) received from the isolated zone (808).

Abstract: A method to enhance oil recovery from a subterranean reservoir, the reservoir being accessible via a production well. The method includes injecting a surfactant solution that includes surfactants into the production well. The surfactant solution selected to increase an oil-to-water ratio of oil recovery from a porous matrix portion of the reservoir. The method also includes injecting a well-servicing volumetric solution into the production well to perform a second well treatment process. The second well treatment process is selected from the group consisting of a scale inhibition squeeze process, a well acidizing process, a chemical process to reduce water production rate, an acid fracturing process, and a hydraulic fracturing process. In the method, the surfactant solution and the second well treatment solution are injected into the production well within less than about six months of one another.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the release or recovery of subterranean hydrocarbon deposits and, more specifically, to a system for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), by utilizing stabilized enzymatic fluid and cyclic injection of steam or heated fluid into subterranean formations.

Abstract: A method of recovering oil from an oil sands reservoir comprises first applying cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) to a series of generally horizontally extending wells in the reservoir; then applying steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) to at least one vertically-spaced well pair in which one well in each well pair is part of the series of wells to which CSS was applied, while producing oil from at least one single well in the series of wells. In this case, each single well is adjacent to and offset from at least one of the well pairs. The method can then further comprise applying a SAGD blowdown to an injector well of each well pair and producing oil from a producer well of each well pair and from the single well to economic limit.

Abstract: A non-aqueous, non-flammable Group IVB metal alkoxide crosslinker composition includes a non-aqueous, non-flammable Group IVB metal alkoxide, wherein the metal is chemically bonded to a glycol containing 4 or more carbons, to an alkoxy group containing 6 or more carbons, or a mixture of both. A fracturing fluid employed in the hydraulic fracturing of subterranean formations is formulated through mixture of the non-aqueous, non-flammable Group IVB metal alkoxide crosslinker composition with a polymer solution.

Abstract: A system and method for cutting windows for lateral wellbore drilling. A method of cutting a window through a sidewall structure for drilling a lateral wellbore through the window includes the steps of: providing an internal profile in the sidewall structure; then installing the sidewall structure in a parent wellbore; and then cutting the window through the sidewall structure, the cutting step including engaging a cutting tool with the internal profile. The cutting step may include resisting lateral displacement of the cutting tool due to engagement between the cutting tool and the internal profile.

Abstract: A synthetic glass family in the quaternary phase field of CaO—SiO2-Al2O3-MgO (CSAM) with hydraulic and pozzolanic properties for use in differing applications in the gas and oil well cementing area. A method of making a mud-to-cement (MTC) slurry and a method for treating oil and gas wells with the MTC slurry containing a homogenous amorphous synthetic glass made from a mixture of inorganic materials selected from the group consisting of CSAM, wherein the cementing glasses with the mixture of inorganic materials are in a 100% amorphous phase with a degree of crystallization of zero.

Abstract: A flexible cement stable at high temperatures contains an extender that is a finely ground polyetheretherketone. The cement retains its flexibility for long times at high temperatures, for example those used for steam assisted gravity drainage of heavy oil formations, for example from about 480 to about 644° F. (249 to 340° C.). Compressive strength, tensile strength, permeability and porosity are all stable and suitable for high temperature down-hole oilfield use.

Abstract: An adapter for connecting a casing annulus remediation system to a well having a wellhead with standard lateral ports. The adapter has a body with first and second ends. The first end of the adapter body has a substantially planar surface adapted to cover the lateral ports and be in abutting contact with the wellhead when the two are connected to one another. The second end of the adapter body has a planar surface positioned at an angle greater than 0 degrees and up to 90 degrees to the planar surface of the first end. The second end of the adapter is adapted to be connected to a casing annulus remediation system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for multi-lateral wellbore construction and stimulation from cased parent wellbores. Methods and apparatus are provided to facilitate the creation of casing exit openings in the casing of parent wellbores. Methods and systems are provided for azimuthally and longitudinally aligning drilling assemblies through openings in a parent wellbore casing are provided to allow for drilling multiple lateral wellbores extending outwardly from a parent wellbore. A method of stimulating one or more subterranean zones intersected by multiple lateral wellbores extending outwardly from one or more patent wellbores includes the steps of: simultaneously injecting a stimulation fluid into the lateral wellbores; and stimulating the zones intersected by the lateral wellbores in response to the stimulation fluid injecting step.

Abstract: A scale removal tool with adjustably positionable fluid dispensing arms. The scale removal tool may be configured for delivery to within a hydrocarbon well via coiled tubing. Thus, fluid may be driven through the coiled tubing and through the tool at the fluid dispensing arms. The fluid may thereby be jetted at high pressure toward scale at the wall of the well in order to achieve its removal. In the case of a well having scale of varying thicknesses, the fluid dispensing arms may be dynamically positioned and repositioned while downhole in the well, depending on scale thickness. In this manner, the tool need not be removed from the well in order to reposition the fluid dispensing arms for optimum scale removal at each section of the well. As such, considerable time and expense of a scale removal application may be saved.