Abstract: A wiring board has a circuit pattern that includes metal foil attached to an insulating layer, and a built-up circuit pattern disposed on top of the metal foil circuit pattern. The built-up circuit pattern is an increased thickness laminate of cold spray processed metal material. Even when a power semiconductor is mounted on the built-up circuit pattern, the heat that is generated by losses therein can be diffused by the built-up circuit pattern. The wiring board has excellent heat dissipation, can be manufactured by a small number of process steps, and is of low cost.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wiring, a display device, and a method of manufacturing the same. A first metal diffusion-preventing layer is formed on a substrate or on a circuit element formed on the substrate. Then, a metal wiring layer is selectively formed on the first metal diffusion-preventing layer by an electroless metal plating method or a metal electroplating method. Further, the undesired portion of the first metal diffusion-preventing layer is removed. Finally, a second metal diffusion-preventing layer is formed selectively by an electroless metal plating method in a manner to cover the metal wiring layer or both a seed layer and the metal wiring layer.

Abstract: A multilayer semiconductor device has plural semiconductor devices, each having a circuit board for a ball grid array and a semiconductor chip provided on the board. The semiconductor boards are bonded together by a reflow mounting process to use a solder ball for interlayer connection so as to form a multilayer structure. The plural semiconductor devices each have a projection for restricting inclination of the circuit board, and the projection is provided between neighboring two of the circuit boards.

Abstract: A shield structure having a plurality of hollow columnar base members arranged with intervals therebetween along the periphery of a section to be shielded on a surface of a circuit board, and a shield cover with a peripheral wall having insertion pieces arranged along the edge thereof at positions corresponding to the positions where the base members are arranged. Each base member has a cut in at least a top surface thereof. The cut forms an elastically deformable tongue portion having a free end at a position where the corresponding insertion piece of the shield cover is inserted. The tongue portion is elastically deformed toward the inner space of the base member by an insertion force applied when the corresponding insertion piece of the shield cover is inserted into the cut at the free end.

Abstract: A conductive film has transparency and a high level of electrical conductivity, which is used for an electromagnetic interference film hardly causing a moiré phenomenon, and the like. To achieve the above-mentioned aim, the following disclosure is disclosed. A conductive film in which a conductive portion of a random network structure is present on at least one surface of a base film, a line width of the conductive portion composing the network structure is 30 ?m or less, an area of portions where the conductive portion is not present is 50% or more with respect to an area of the conductive film, and an average of ratios of a major axis length to a minor axis length of an area surrounded by the network of the conductive portion, in which the base film is exposed, is larger than 1 and is equal to or less than 3.5.

Abstract: A case has a penetrating hole, which is provided with a breathable film. A protective structure comprises a protective ring and a protective cap, and is provided outside the case so as to cover the breathable film. A gap between the protective ring and the protective cap is an opening connecting the inside and outside of the protective structure. In a cross-sectional view, an outside upper edge of the opening (i.e. point B) is positioned on or inside a straight line connecting an outer edge of the breathable film (i.e. point C) and an inside lower edge of the opening (i.e. point A). The breathable film can be protected from an intentional load applied thereto.

Abstract: The invention relates to a check weigher comprising a machine body consisting of a front clamping plate and a rear hollow body which is fixedly or detachably connected to said clamping plate and is preferably used as a cabinet for receiving necessary electric and electronic components. The clamping plate is projected on all sides across the hollow body, thereby forming a fastening flange. The outer edge of said fastening flange is provided with a recessed and projected contour which is subdivided into any grid and enables to obtain a positive or non-positive secure connection of accessories with the machine body by means of two clamping plates having a corresponding contour and fixedly connected to a holding plate and additional clamping elements.

Abstract: A mechanical shunt for use in a socket of a string of lights resides in an otherwise typical lamp of a string of lights. The present shunt is a pair of cantilevered portions from the electrical terminals inside the socket of a lamp in a string of lights. The portions touch and conduct electrical current when no lamp holder is in the socket but are separated by a button on the bottom of the lamp holder when the lamp holder is not in the socket. The cantilevered portions are formed in such a way that they rub together when opening, closing or when the socket undergoes expansion and contraction with changing temperature in order to prevent the buildup of corrosion on the teeth on the end of the cantilevered portion that would preclude their ability to make good electrical contact when needed.

Abstract: A foot controller for a microsurgical system that includes a body, a switch disposed on the body, and a switch guard coupled to the body and disposed in a spaced relationship to an outer surface of the switch.

Abstract: A metallic panel assembly having a ripple luster includes an elastic layer, an adhesive layer, a metallic keypad panel, an electroplated layer and an ultraviolet curable resin layer. The elastic layer has a carrier. The carrier is provided thereon with a plurality of protrusions. The adhesive layer is provided on one side surface of the carrier. The metallic keypad panel is provided on one side surface of the adhesive layer and has a thin plate thereon. The plate is provided thereon with a first hollowed portion and a second hollowed portion. The first hollowed portion is set as a pressing region of a key, and the second hollowed portion is set as an icon on the surface of the pressing region. The electroplated layer is provided on one side surface of the metallic keypad panel and penetrates into the first hollowed portion and the second hollowed portion.

Abstract: An ionized plasma based radiant electromagnetic energy steering or diverting apparatus wherein controlled differences in plasma density and resulting plasma electron density achieve phase shift, reflection or refraction of the controlled radiant electromagnetic energy. Plasma density determination through use of selected plasma control electrode electrical potentials and hence by the waveforms applied to plasma-adjacent electrodes is employed. Plasma controlled radiant electromagnetic energy is thereby usable for inertia free steering of a radar beam or for other applications of radiant electromagnetic energy. Radiant electromagnetic energy control by way of pass-through refraction of the energy and reflection of the energy directly from the plasma and also by reflection involving a reflector element are included. Radio frequency and optical electromagnetic energy wavelengths for the radiant electromagnetic energy are included.

Abstract: An electrode assembly comprises a coil of electrode material surrounded by a shield having one or more outlets and a supply of shielding gas directed along an axis X-X of said coil before exiting from said shield.

Abstract: A powder metal cladding nozzle which is coaxially attached to a laser processing head that irradiates a process portion (W) with a laser beam (L) and that discharges powder metal (P) to a laser beam irradiation portion in the process portion (W). The powder metal cladding nozzle includes a body portion (2) that has a ring-shaped powder metal holding space (7) in which the powder metal (P) is held; and a nozzle portion (3) that is connected to the body portion (2) and that has plural discharge passages (18) which are communicated with the powder metal holding space (7) and which open at an outlet (19) for discharging the powder metal (P). The powder metal holding space (7) is formed in the body portion (2) and is divided into plural powder metal holding regions corresponding to plural supply passages (10) that open into the powder metal holding space (7) and that supply the powder metal (P) to the powder metal holding space (7).

Abstract: A laser beam machining method and a laser beam machining device capable of cutting a work without producing a fusing and a cracking out of a predetermined cutting line on the surface of the work, wherein a pulse laser beam is radiated on the predetermined cut line on the surface of the work under the conditions causing a multiple photon absorption and with a condensed point aligned to the inside of the work, and a modified area is formed inside the work along the predetermined determined cut line by moving the condensed point along the predetermined cut line, whereby the work can be cut with a rather small force by cracking the work along the predetermined cut line starting from the modified area and, because the pulse laser beam radiated is not almost absorbed onto the surface of the work, the surface is not fused even if the modified area is formed.

Abstract: Methods for ultrashort pulse laser processing of optically transparent materials. A method for scribing transparent materials uses ultrashort laser pulses to create multiple scribe features with a single pass of the laser beam across the material, with at least one of the scribe features being formed below the surface of the material. This enables clean breaking of transparent materials at a higher speed than conventional techniques. Slightly modifying the ultrashort pulse laser processing conditions produces sub-surface marks. When properly arranged, these marks are clearly visible with side-illumination and not clearly visible without side-illumination. In addition, a method for welding transparent materials uses ultrashort laser pulses to create a bond through localized heating. The ultrashort pulse duration causes nonlinear absorption of the laser radiation, and the high repetition rate of the laser causes pulse-to-pulse accumulation of heat within the materials.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a manufacturing method, excellent in wire drawability, of a seamed flux-cored welding wire having both favorable feedability and low hydrogen content characteristic. The method for manufacturing a seamed flux-cored wire, comprises the steps of: drawing a tube-like formed wire including a flux filled therein using a lubricant; removing the lubricant from the drawn wire by a physical means; and coating a lubricant (coating an oil) for wire feeding on the wire surface. The respective steps are carried out in an in-line manner. In the wire drawing step, a wire drawing lubricant containing a sulfur-bearing high-pressure lubricant is used, and the overall wire drawing from the tube-like formed wire to a roughly product-diameter wire is carried out by means of a roller die.

Abstract: A soldering iron including: a soldering tip that melts solder at a distal end; an iron body to which the soldering tip is fixed; at least one male connecting end provided at a base end of the soldering tip; at least one female connecting end built into the distal end of the iron body and into which the male connecting end is fittingly inserted; and a grip having heat insulating properties provided around the outer periphery of the soldering tip to cover the base end region of the soldering tip.

Abstract: A gas igniter comprising an heating element and a mounting bushing. The heating element includes an elongated high resistance cylindrical nose coil and two rear terminal elements electrically insulated from each other, and an input lead connected to each of the elements. The bushing is formed from a generally rigid electrically insulating material for mounting the heating element onto an external support structure. A passage in the bushing receives the heating element with a gap between the heating element and the passage, an adhesive mass in the gap secures the heating element into the bushing and a sheet metal mounting bracket is integrally formed with the insulating material of the bushing.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an improved rotisserie oven, having the following features: a removable side mounted control box; single wall oven cabinet construction; single wall oven cabinet construction with tabs protruding from the lower side edges of the oven cabinet which mount feet to support the cabinet; a rigid heat coil structurally connected to the removable control box; a heat coil, supported by a bracket within the oven cabinet which both allows the heat coil to be slid in and out of the oven cabinet and allows for expansion of the heat coil when the coil is energized; a light bulb integrated with the removable control box so that the bulb's globe protrudes into the interior of the oven cabinet when the control box is mounted on the oven cabinet; a drive mechanism integrated into the removable control box which allows the control box to be easily removed from the oven cabinet; a drip pan located below the spit, which has its liquid catching reservoir recessed in from the pan's perimeter

Abstract: A thermoplastic material processing method and system including an integrated melting, pressurizing and dispensing unit and a regulated feed supply system to improve overall performance by only heating the amount of material needed and minimizing the time it is at raised temperatures. The system includes a compact heat exchanger consisting of a plurality of thin heater plates arranged primarily parallel and spaced closely together to form small spaces therebetween. This puts all thermoplastic material in close proximity with the heated surfaces thus improving the overall melting process. The heat exchanger can include heater plates arranged in a radial or fan orientation and a grid of thin heated fins set within a heated enclosure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rapid temperature changes of thin samples is disclosed. The apparatus comprises of a thin-film resistive element embedded in a membrane, a narrow gap between the membrane and a heat sink, and a control circuit. The resistive element acts both as a heater and as a temperature sensor to reduce time constant of the control circuit. The gap between the membrane and the heat sink is filled with gas (e.g., N2 or He) acting as cooling medium with low thermal inertia. The temperature controller has a microsecond time constant, which allows adjusting rapidly the power applied to the membrane, depending on heat released/absorbed by a sample during an isotherm or during a given rate of temperature changes. The membrane has low thermal inertia and, coupled with high-speed temperature controller, allows controlled cooling and heating rates up to 100 000 K s?1 and higher. The method can be a core of any setup where controlled fast temperature-time profile of thin or small sample is desirable.

Abstract: A redundant control circuit comprises a pair of heater circuits for heating a hot melt adhesive hose assembly to a predetermined temperature level, and a pair of temperature sensors which are used to sense the temperature of the hot melt adhesive hose assembly and to control energization of the heater circuits in order to maintain the desired temperature level. A first one of the heater circuits would initially be electrically connected to the hot melt adhesive hose assembly electrical circuitry, and in a similar manner, a first one of the temperature sensors would likewise be electrically connected to the hot melt adhesive hose assembly electrical circuitry.

Abstract: A heat trace assembly for heating a conduit is provided that comprises at least one preformed heat trace section adapted to be placed around at least a portion of the conduit and a connector secured to the heat trace section. The connector is adapted for coupling the heat trace section to an adjacent heat trace section, and the heat trace section and the connector have mating mechanical features to allow the heat trace section to be quickly connected to and disconnected from the conduit. Additionally, a heat trace junction is provided that preferably defines a cross configuration and comprises a plurality of arms extending from a central portion of the heat trace junction. The plurality of arms are deformable to conform to a junction within a conduit system. Thermal insulation jacket configurations are also provided in accordance with several embodiments of the present invention.

Abstract: A heating body is provided. The heating body includes a tube, a heating member disposed in the tube, and a supporting unit disposed along a length of the tube to maintain a predetermined space between the tube and the heating member.

Abstract: A touch key detects that an object touches the touch key. The touch key includes an electrode arranged to be touched with the object, an oscillator for outputting a high-frequency voltage and applies the high-frequency voltage to the electrode, a rectifier for rectifying and smoothing the high-frequency voltage output from the oscillator as to output a direct-current (DC) voltage, a reference voltage generator for generating a reference voltage, a subtracter for subtracting the reference voltage from the DC voltage output from the rectifier, a judging unit for detecting a voltage difference between the voltage output from the subtracter before and after changing and for determining that the object touches the electrode when the voltage difference exceeds a predetermined value. This touch key detects that an object touches the electrode with high sensitivity, and enhances the reliability of the judging unit.

Abstract: A method of temperature and/or composition measurement of an at least partially aqueous target (6) using a system (1) including; a transmitter and receiver mechanism (2) including one or more transmitting (3) and receiving antenna(e) (4); signal processor (5), capable of calculating the attenuation of the transmitted signal; the method including the steps of; irradiating a target (6) with a plurality of electromagnetic radiation signals including a first signal with a frequency in the microwave/UHF spectrum, and a second signal with a frequency in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum; receiving an attenuated signal transmitted though the target (6); calculating the attenuation of the transmitted signal with the signal processor (5).

Abstract: A sensor assembly including a detector; a first arrangement for enhancing the resolution of the detector; and a second arrangement for increasing the field-of-view of the detector. In a specific implementation, the detector is a focal plane array of detectors, the first arrangement is a Hadamard mask and the second arrangement is a telescope array with a field-bias element operationally coupled thereto. The field bias optical element is implemented with a prism and grating such as a grism. An arrangement is included for actuating the mask to selectively enable a desired level of resolution and another arrangement is included for actuating the field bias element to select a desired field of view. An arrangement for effecting image motion compensation is included along with an imager, an image processor and a data processor. The telescope array may include refractive elements, reflective elements, and/or catadioptric elements. Likewise, the imager may be refractive, reflective and/or catadioptric.

Abstract: The invention relates to an autofocus system for an optical instrument (1) that images a specimen (11), having an irradiation optical system (7) for generating an irradiation beam path that generates an autofocus pattern on the specimen (11), the irradiation beam path being directed onto the specimen by means of a deflection element (10), and having an autofocus analysis unit (19) to which is conveyed, by means of a deflection element (15), a detector beam path that encompasses radiation, reflected from the specimen (11), of the irradiation beam path, a micromirror array (20) having individually controllable and adjustable micromirrors being provided in combined fashion as a deflection element (10) for the irradiation beam path and as a deflection element (15) for the detector beam path.

Abstract: A beam control system and method. The system includes an illuminator for providing a first beam of electromagnetic energy at a first wavelength; a source for providing a second beam of electromagnetic energy at a second wavelength; and an arrangement for compensating wavefront errors in the second beam using a bias representative of a comparison between the first wavelength and the second wavelength. In the illustrative embodiment, the arrangement includes a processor which corrects wavefront errors using a bias representative of a difference between said first wavelength and said second wavelength. In the disclosed application, a target wavefront sensor is included and the laser is a high-energy laser beam. The wavefront errors include a chromatic aberration and the errors are compensated using a deformable mirror and a correction algorithm executed by an adaptive optics processor. In one alternative embodiment, the errors are compensated using an optical aberration corrector.

Abstract: A system and/or a method for reads, measures and/or controls intensity of light emitted from a light-emitting diode (LED). The system and/or the method have a light intensity detector adjacent to the LED for reading and/or measuring the intensity of light emitted from the LED. The system and/or the method have a control circuit that may be electrically connected to both the detector and/or the LED for measuring and/or for controlling an intensity of light emitted from the LED. A housing surrounds the light detector and/or the LED. The housing has a pathway that allows only light emitted from the LED to reach the light detector. The LED has a finish and/or a coating that eliminates and/or retards absorption of light by internal components of the LED. The finish and/or the coating eliminates and/or retards reflection of the light by the LED.

Abstract: Frequency characteristics of an optical low-pass filter (2) are set in such a way that a first false color passing rate indicative of the rate of frequency components passing through a frequency component region not lower than the Nyquist frequency fa for the lowest sampling frequency fs among the sampling frequencies in the longitudinal, the lateral, and the oblique directions for each color in an image sensor (5), i.e. a frequency component region lower than one half of the Nyquist frequency fs of the sampling frequency fs of the image sensor (5), is not higher than a specified value. An output image signal is created from a pixel signal created by the image sensor (5) so that N pixel signals (N is real number of 2 or above) created by the image sensor (5) correspond to one output image signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor image sensor module and a method for manufacturing thereof as well as a camera and a method for manufacturing thereof are provided in which a semiconductor image sensor chip and an image signal processing chip are connected with a minimum parasitic resistance and parasitic capacity and efficient heat dissipation of the image signal processing chip and shielding of light are simultaneously obtained.

Abstract: An image sensor 1 has a substrate 2 and primary light-receiving pixels 4 arrayed in the direction of the surface of the substrate, and the primary light-receiving pixels are formed by laminating plural secondary light-receiving pixels 10, 20 and 30 which sense lights in different wavelength ranges, respectively, via at least sealing insulation layers 18 and 28 between adjacent secondary light-receiving pixels in the thickness direction. Each secondary light-receiving pixel includes a photoelectric conversion portion 14, 24, or 34 for photoelectrically converting the lights and a signal output portion 12, 22 or 32 for outputting signals from a thin film transistor 40 according to charges generated by the photoelectric conversion portion, and the active layer 48 of the thin film transistor is formed from an oxide semiconductor or organic semiconductor.

Abstract: A image sensor has a plurality of microlens disposed across an image area in which centrally disposed red pixels are provided with smaller microlenses and peripherally disposed red pixels are provided with larger microlenses. The size differential, which amounts to a small percentage to compensate for a refractivity differential per wavelength of incident light across the image area, prevents the generation of a reddish effect in an output image. The image sensor includes a color filter array having separate color filters including a long-wavelength filter, and a plurality of microlenses respectively formed on the separate color filters, wherein the microlenses corresponding to the long-wavelength filter have relative sizes differing according to disposition with respect to the color filter array.

Abstract: A machine for inspecting a rotating glass container for defects wherein the image evaluated for defects is a critical addition of a plurality of additions each defined by a plurality of time spaced images.

Abstract: A magazine for printing and converting heads for printing machines, comprising at least one containment body which is adapted to be arranged in close proximity to a printing machine and is adapted to accommodate a plurality of printing and converting heads, a carriage being provided for conveying the printing and converting heads from the at least one containment body to the printing machine and from the printing machine to the at least one containment body.

Abstract: An image sensor package (110) includes a base board (111), a supporter (113), an image sensor (112), a plurality of wires (114), a main adhesive (115) and a cover board (116). The supporter includes a through hole and a plurality of top pads (113c) formed around the through hole, and the supporter is mounted on the base board and electrically connected to the base board. The image sensor is mounted on the base board and received in the through hole, and the image sensor includes a sensing portion (112b) and a plurality of contacts (112a). The wires electrically connect the top pads to the contacts. The main adhesive is applied on the image sensor and surrounds the sensing portion. The cover board supported on the main adhesive, and the cover board and the main adhesive cooperatively enclose the sensing portion of the image sensor.

Abstract: The invention describes a system and method to separate ions (and charged particles) suspended in gas based on their ion electrical mobility. Most common ion mobility analyzers involve two parallel plate (or concentric cylinder) elements (electrodes) between which is imposed an electrical field perpendicular to a sheath gas flow field between the cylinders. Separation occurs because high mobility ions tend to follow the electrical field while low mobility ions tend to follow the flow field. This invention describes various configurations of electrical elements and sheath gas flow fields for ion mobility separation devices with unique performance characteristics. These characteristics include devices in which: the ion inlet and outlet are on the same element; the inlet and outlet are at the same voltage; the outlet is upstream from the inlet; the outlet is on the axis; the inlet is on the axis; and the ions are focused on the outlet.

Abstract: When a liquid mixture of two samples such as biological samples labeled with stable isotopes is subjected to a relative quantitative analysis using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system, various constituents are simultaneously ionized. Accordingly, sufficient time required for second mass spectrometry is not ensured, whereby some ions remain unanalyzed after measurement. To address this problem, after second mass spectrometry, amino acid sequencing is performed using the analysis data of the second mass spectrometry, which enables determination on the presence/absence of a specific amino acid labeled with a stable isotope. When the specific amino acid is present, the m/z value of an isotopically-labeled-paired ion in an MS spectrum is calculated, and non-target information for use in second mass spectrometry is created using the calculated m/z information.

Abstract: A defect review method and device of the invention solves the previous problem of a long inspection time that is caused by the increase of a process-margin-narrow pattern as a result of the size reduction of a semiconductor device. With the method and device of the invention, an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) image is derived by capturing an image of a process-margin-narrow pattern portion extracted based on lithography simulation with image-capturing conditions of a relatively low resolution. The resulting SEM image is compared with CAD (Computer Aided Design) data for extraction of any abnormal section. An image of the area extracted as being abnormal is captured again, and the resulting high-resolution SEM image is compared again with the CAD data for defect classification based on the feature amount of the image, e.g., shape deformation.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method of scanning a substrate, and a method and an apparatus for analyzing crystal characteristics are disclosed. A sequential scan on the scan areas using a first electron beam and a second electron beam are repeatedly performed. The electrons accumulated in the scan areas by the first electron beam are removed from the scan areas by the second electron beam. When a size of the scan area is substantially the same as a spot size of the first electron beam, adjacent scan areas partially overlap each other. When each of the scan areas is larger than a spot size of the first electron beam, the adjacent scan areas do not overlap each other. Images of the scan areas are generated using back-scattered electrons emitted from each of the scan areas by irradiating the first electron beam to analyze crystal characteristics of circuit patterns on the substrate.

Abstract: A focused ion beam apparatus includes a sample base for mounting a sample, a three axis stage capable of moving the sample base in three directions: along two axes on a horizontal face and a vertical axis, and a first focused ion beam barrel and a second focused ion beam barrel for irradiating the sample with focused ion beams, the first focused ion beam barrel and the second focused ion beam barrel being arranged such that directions of the focused ion beams are substantially opposed to each other in a plane view thereof and are inclined in substantial line symmetry with regard to the vertical axis in a side view thereof.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to prevent foreign bodies attracted by a magnetic field of an objective lens or an electric field of an electrode plate and adhered to a surface of the objective lens or electrode plate from dropping onto the surface of a sample and adhering there during observation of the sample. To achieve the above object, an electron microscope in which, when a sample to be measured is moved away from below an objective lens, an exciting current to the objective lens of a scanning electron microscope is turned off or excitation thereof is made weaker than before the sample to be measured being moved away, or an applied voltage to an acceleration cylinder for accelerating an electron beam is turned off or made lower than before the sample to be measured being moved away is proposed.

Abstract: A small infrared sensor has a wide infrared light-receiving area (viewing angle), high electromagnetic shielding characteristics, and excellent electromagnetic-wave resistance characteristics. In the infrared sensor, supporting portions are disposed at four corners of a substantially rectangular opening in a package. The supporting portions support an optical filter, disposed so as to cover the opening, at positions that are lower than an upper end of an inner peripheral wall defining the opening. While the optical filter is supported by the supporting portions as a result of inserting a portion of a surface side of the optical filter facing the supporting portions into the opening, the optical filter is secured to the package. The optical filter and the package are joined and secured, and electrically connected to each other through a conductive adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for measuring the presence and/or the concentration of an analyte by means of a gas sensor arrangement and to a corresponding gas sensor arrangement. The gas sensor arrangement comprises a radiation-emitting radiation source, a gas measuring chamber, which may be filled with a test gas containing at least one analyte to be measured, and at least one radiation-detecting detector device which generates an output signal as a function of the presence and/or the concentration of the analyte. In order to be able to reduce the harmful effects of condensation water, which condenses in the gas measuring chamber, the gas measuring chamber according to the invention is heated before the measurement process, such that the wall of the gas measuring chamber assumes a temperature which lies above the dew point of the test gas.

Abstract: A detector calibration reference is disposed along a path of travel for radiation that extends from a radiation source to a radiation detector. The detector calibration reference has mutually exclusive first and second portions that are offset in a direction transverse to the path of travel, the first portion being substantially opaque to radiation from the source, and the second portion being substantially transmissive to radiation from the source. The detector calibration reference is moved relative to the path of travel in a manner so that the first and second portions become successively aligned with the path of travel.

Abstract: Infrared radiation detection systems and methods of making the same are provided. In one embodiment, the radiation detection system comprises: a housing having an open end exposed to a radiation emitting object; a detector positioned in the housing, the detector comprising a radiation sensing material for detecting infrared radiation, the radiation sensing material having a portion removed by etching or coated by a mask such that only a region of the radiation sensing material is capable of detecting the infrared radiation; and a lens positioned in the housing for transmitting infrared radiation from the object to the detector.

Abstract: A method of reconstructing time-of-flight (TOF) images includes obtaining a profile of a subject to be imaged in an examination region (14) of an imaging system (10), Events associated with radiation emitted from the subject are detected and converted to electronic data. Electronic data attributable to radiation events located outside the profile are removed and images are reconstructed from the remaining electronic data.

Abstract: A nuclear medial diagnosis apparatus is used for performing diagnosis by administering a medicine marked with a radioactive isotope into an examinee and by using an image obtained by detecting gamma rays emitted from a particular organ or tumor where the medicine is accumulated. An image (an image created by an image creation unit) is created by a signal (a signal as an output from a radiation detector) corresponding to the energy of the gamma ray detected by a radiation detector. The image includes a contamination component attributed to gamma scattering in the radiation detector. An image correction operation unit performs a convolution operation to obtain a contamination image. The contamination image is subtracted by a corrected image creation unit. Thus, it is possible to prevent image degradation by the gamma ray scattering in the radiation detector.

Abstract: An X-ray detector is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the X-ray detector includes a detector housing including a plurality of detector modules that extend into an interior space of the detector housing, the detector housing being designed to feed a coolant into the interior space. In order to cool the detector modules, in at least one embodiment the latter are respectively arranged on a hollow module carrier forming a cooling channel, it being possible for coolant to flow through the cooling channel during operation.