Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a pneumatic tire in which, while using a cord material of a secondary belt layer having larger thermal shrinkage rate than that of the primary belt layer to effectively suppress the radial expansion of a tire and advantageously improve cutting-resistance of a tread as in the conventional tire, deterioration of durability of belts including the primary belt and the secondary belt can be effectively prevented without increasing the tire weight, the pneumatic tire having: a pair of bead cores; a carcass troidally extending between the bead cores; a primary belt including a plurality of primary belt layers disposed on the outer peripheral side of the carcass in the crown region thereof; and a secondary belt including at least one secondary belt layer disposed on the outer peripheral side of the primary belt, each primary belt layer being formed by aromatic polyamide cords having a spirally wound structure, the secondary belt layer being formed by a ribbon-sha

Abstract: A tire includes a carcass structure of a substantially toroidal shape, having opposite lateral edges associated with respective right-hand and left-hand bead structures, the bead structures including at least one bead core and at least one bead fiber; a belt structure applied to a radially external position with respect to the carcass structure, a tread band radially superimposed on the belt structure; a pair of sidewalls applied laterally on opposite sides with respect to the carcass structure; wherein the at least one bead core includes at least one first elongated element including at least one composite material including a plurality of elongated fibers embedded in a polymeric material, the composite material having a flexural modulus, measured according to Standard ASTM D790-03, at 23° C., not lower than or equal to 10 GPa, preferably 20 GPa to 200 GPa and at least one second elongated element including at least one metal wire.

Abstract: Heat-activable adhesive tape particularly for producing and further processing electronic components and conductor tracks, with an adhesive composed at least of a) a polyamide having terminal amino and/or acid groups, b) an epoxy resin, c) if desired, a plasticizer, the polyamide reacting with the epoxy resin at temperatures of at least 150° C., and the ratio in weight fractions of a) to b) lying between 50:50 to 99:1.

Abstract: An adhesive tape attaching method for attaching an adhesive tape to the back side of a wafer, the wafer having a device area where a plurality of devices are formed on the front side of the wafer and a peripheral marginal area surrounding the device area, wherein the back side of the wafer is formed with a circular recess corresponding to the device area and an annular reinforcing portion surrounding the circular recess so as to correspond to the peripheral marginal area.

Abstract: A memory module assembly includes two-plate heat sink attached to one or more of the integrated circuits (e.g., memory devices) of a memory module PCBA by adhesive. The adhesive is either heat-activated or heat-cured. The adhesive is applied to either the memory devices or the heat-sink plates, and then compressed between the heat-sink plates and memory module using a fixture. The fixture is then passed through an oven to activate/cure the adhesive. The two heat sink plates are then secured by a clip to form a rigid frame.

Abstract: A reinforced lacrosse head having improved strength can include the following frame elements: a pair of opposing sidewalls each having a top end and a bottom end, a scoop extending between the sidewalls, a base extending between the bottom ends of the sidewalls, and a throat extending from the base for attachment to a lacrosse handle. The head can include at least one reinforcement member that is located at least partially in a frame element. The frame element can be constructed from two or more parts that are sonic welded or hot plate welded together around at least a portion of the reinforcement member. Methods of sonic welding or hot plate welding components of a reinforced frame element also are provided.

Abstract: An adhesive sheet is prepared by coextruding a thermoplastic adhesive material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane and a polymeric material such as a polyolefin that forms a polymeric expendable layer. A process for making a multi-layer impact resistant glass composite made up of alternating glass and plastic layers involves interposing the adhesive sheet between the glass layer and the plastic layer, removing at least one polymeric expendable layer from the adhesive sheet, and pressing the layers together to adhere the glass layer to the plastic layer. In alternate embodiments, the adhesive sheet may be provided as a co-extruded A-B composite sheet or as an A-B-A 3-layer composite sheet.

Abstract: A transfer ring especially suitable for use in the manufacture of vehicle tires including a skeletal cylindrical cage which houses an oscillatable circular drive member therewithin. The drive member includes a plurality of cam followers disposed about the outer perimeter thereof and which operatively engage respective camming grooves defined in each of a plurality of hinged driven links which are individually hingedly mounted internally of the cage about the outer perimeter of the cage. Each driven link includes an inboard end hinged within the cage and an outboard end having an articulating shoe mounted thereon. The shoes on the several driven links are interconnected to provide like simultaneous substantially equal articulative and rotational movement of the shoes radially inwardly or radially outwardly of the cage upon rotational movement of the drive member and resultant rotational movement of the hinged driven links effected through the cam followers and camming grooves of the driven links.

Abstract: Provided is a bisplit mold for tire forming capable of avoiding the pinching of the unvulcanized tire at the mold clamping. Also provided is a process for manufacturing a tire by use of the bisplit mold. The bisplit mold includes: a plurality of segments provided to each of the paired containers, and formed by being divided in the tire circumferential direction and; opening-closing means provided to the respective containers, cause the superior and the inferior segments to come close to and separate away from each other, the segments being attached to the pair of containers with vertically bisplit center plates placed between the pair of containers; a superior side plate and an inferior side plate provided respectively to the pair of containers; and vertically bisplit mold pieces provided to the inner sides of the segments.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a tire component member, which method allows rubber strip pieces to be sequentially attached without forming a gap therebetween.

Abstract: A device for turning a carcass band is used for a method of producing a green tire which enable to securely wrap and hold end portions of a carcass band, which is to be wrapped around a bead ring, as desired without a need for restraining the end portions on the bead ring by means of an auxiliary restraining member or the like. In this device, anvil rings having diameters smaller than that of the rigid core are arranged adjacent to respective side portion of a rigid core having an outer contour corresponding to an inner contour of a product tire. The anvil rings are fixed on a rotational driving shaft of the rigid core, and are provided with two annular grooves on their circumferences. Rotation disks for pressing a carcass band into the annular grooves of the anvil rings are arranged so as to approach to and recede from the anvil ring.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a green tire capable of preventing the variation of carcass-cord paths between bead cores and disturbances of the carcass cord arrangement are disclosed. An assembly of a bead core and a bead apex rubber is set on the radially outside of a cylindrical carcass assembly, and they are locked with a bead lock ring expanded, while maintain the cylindrical shape. Then, applying tension to the carcass cords between the expanded bead lock rings, the bead apex rubber is folded down towards the tire equator. Further, the edges portions of the carcass are turned up around the bead cores locked.

Abstract: A method of room-temperature bonding a plurality of substrates via an intermediate member, includes: forming the intermediate member on a surface to be bonded of the substrate by physically sputtering a plurality of targets; and activating the surface to be bonded by an ion beam. In this case, it is preferable that the target composed of a plurality of types of materials is physically sputtered. Since the materials of the intermediate member are sputtered from the plurality of targets arranged in various directions from the surface to be bonded of the substrate, the intermediate member can be uniformly formed on the surface to be bonded. Further, since the intermediate member is composed of the plurality of types of materials, the room-temperature bonding of substrates difficult to bond together when an intermediate member is composed of a single type of material can be performed without heating and excessively pressing the substrates during bonding.

Abstract: A cladding layer 7 is formed on a base body made of a material for an optical waveguide, and a groove is formed in the base body and the cladding layer 7. The base body and the cladding layer are joined to a supporting substrate with the cladding layer 7 positioned on the said of the supporting substrate 1. The base body is machined and thinned to form a thin plate 30 so that the groove penetrates through the thin plate 30. An end face 14A on the groove 12 side of the optical waveguide 13A is contacted with a light absorbing material or light reflecting material 9 to form a reflecting mirror.

Abstract: The present invention provides thickened fabrics and reinforcements for use as a spacer or reinforcement for a matrix system. The fabric includes in a first embodiment a woven fabric comprising weft and warp yarns containing glass fibers. A portion of the weft yarns are undulated into a sinusoidal path forming a generally “C” shaped bridge between adjacent warp yarns which results in an increased thickness for the fabric. The fabric is coated with a polymeric resin or bonding agent, for substantially binding the weft yarns in the undulated condition. This invention also includes methods for making such fabric by increasing the thickness of a woven or non-woven material by such methods as applying tension to warp yarns having opposite twists during weaving operations, or using unbalanced yarns, for example.

Abstract: Catheters for uniform delivery of medication within an anatomical region. A catheter includes an elongated tube with a plurality of exit holes along an infusion section of the catheter, and an elongated flexible porous member residing within the tube and forming an annular space between the tube and the member. A catheter includes a tube having a plurality of exit holes in a side wall of the tube. The exit holes may combine to form a flow-restricting orifice of the catheter. A catheter includes an elongated tubular member made of a porous membrane. The porous membrane is configured so that a fluid introduced into an open end of the tubular member will flow through side walls of the tubular member at a substantially uniform rate along a length of the tubular member. A catheter includes an elongated “weeping” tubular coil spring attached to an end of, or enclosed within, a tube.

Abstract: A tool set comprising: a moulding tool comprising a moulding surface and a mandrel recess in the moulding surface; a first mandrel configured to fit into the mandrel recess and form a first component; and a second mandrel configured to fit into the mandrel recess and form a second component which has a different shape or size to the first component. A method of manufacturing a part, the method comprising: arranging a set of components on one or more inner mould line tools; forming a layer around the inner mould line tool(s); fitting a pair of outer mould line tools on opposite sides of the inner mould line tool(s); moulding the part by compressing the layer and the components between the inner and outer mould line tools; and removing the inner mould line tool(s) from the part.

Abstract: A method for forming an embossed holographic pattern comprises the following steps: A. recording the required pattern onto a photo-sensitive plate by means of laser holography to produce an optical mask plate for the holographic pattern; B. duplicating the laser holographic information on the optical mask plate onto a metal plate, to produce a metal plate for the holographic pattern; C. transferring the laser holographic pattern on the metal plate onto an information layer on a water soluble film, to form an embossed holographic water transfer printing film; D. carrying out a cubic water transfer printing on the surface of a base material by using the embossed holographic water transfer printing film, to form the holographic pattern on the surface of the base material. With the method for forming the embossed holographic pattern according to the present invention, a holographic pattern can be formed on the surface of work-piece having a complex shape.

Abstract: A method for making a hollow heater is provided. The method includes providing a hollow supporter and, the hollow supporter defines a hollow space. A carbon nanotube structure is made and then fixed on a surface of the hollow supporter. A first electrode and a second electrode is provided and electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure.

Abstract: To provide a method for temporarily fixing an optical member suitable for processing of optical members, and an adhesive composition useful for such a method. An adhesive composition comprising (A) a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate, (B) a monofunctional (meth)acrylate and (C) a photopolymerization initiator, wherein the glass transition temperature of a cured resin obtained from the adhesive composition is from ?50° C. to 40° C. A method for temporary fixing a member, which comprises bonding and temporarily fixing the member by means of the above adhesive composition, processing the temporarily fixed member, and immersing the processed is member in warm water of at most 90° C., thereby to remove a cured resin of the adhesive composition from the member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a privacy securing film, and more particularly, to a privacy securing film having a louver film, wherein the louver film is manufactured through a process including the steps of i) alternately laminating and thermo-compressing transparent film layers and opaque adhesive ink layers, and ii) cutting the thermo-compressed, laminated film perpendicularly to or at a certain angle with respect to the surface thereof such that the thickness of the louver film is in a range of 2 to 30 times the thickness of the transparent film, and a hard coat layer is provided on at least one outermost face of the privacy securing film. The privacy securing film of the present invention has a simplified structure, can be fabricated through a simple manufacturing process, can significantly reduce the creation of a ghost image, and has excellent radio-shielding effects, as compared with conventional ones.

Abstract: A carton is constructed from a multi-ply blank including an exterior blank and an interior blank. Adhesive is applied to the exterior blank using an applicator capable of transverse movement and/or rotation.

Abstract: A film forming method in which a crystalline film having PZT (111) as a principal component thereof is laminated on a foundation film having a (111) oriented noble metal as a principal component thereof, the method including the steps of: forming an oxide film whose interplanar spacing is closer to the PZT (111) than to the noble metal, on a surface of the foundation film; and forming the crystalline film on the surface of the foundation film by an MOCVD method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing plastic packaging in tubular form, which process comprises a wrapping step during which a laminate (11) is wrapped, an abutting step during which the edges (8, 9) of the laminate (11) are butted together and a fastening step during which said edges (8, 9) of the laminate (11) are welded together, characterized in that a bead (12) of plastic in the molten state is extruded and deposited on the internal face of the packaging so as to cover at least the weld zone (10) defined between the edges. The energy needed to produce the weld (10) comes from the plastic bead (12). The invention also relates to packaging obtained from the aforementioned process and to a device for implementing said process.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for manufacturing a multi-layer substrate. The method includes: rolling out a base substrate that is rolled up into a substrate supply roll and delivering the base substrate to a compression roller system; compressing and laminating a laminating material on the base substrate in a vacuum state using the compression roller system; and cooling the base substrate on which the laminating material is laminated.

Abstract: An improved skin substitute production method is presented that minimizes destruction of the nylon weave netting that comprises the skin substitute at the pore holes of the skin substitute membrane, The skin substitute is comprised of non-biological materials produced with a series of regularly-spaced pores and a nylon weave netting. The top component is a thin (approximately 0.001? thick) silicone elastomer in which pore holes have been vacuum-pulled; physically attached to the silicone elastomer is a fine knitted nylon fabric (12/1, 15/1 denier).

Abstract: The invention includes a support frame for producing a dental workpiece. The frame has a Z axis and comprising wall sections defining a hole that extends along the Z axis through the frame. At least one of the wall sections comprises an adhesive-directing surface extending along the Z axis in a non-parallel relationship. Such a configuration provides optimized methods for affixing a blank to the support frame and optimized properties of the blank after fixation to the support frame.

Abstract: A combined metal layer and a protective film are arranged on one surface side of an insulating layer, and a combined metal layer and a protective film are arranged on the other surface side of the insulating layer. These layers are overlapped one another to be passed between a pair of laminating rollers. In this case, a temperature with which the combined metal layers are heated by the laminating rollers is adjusted to not less than 300° C. and not more than 360° C. A time period during which the combined metal layers are heated by the laminating rollers is adjusted to not less than 0.1 second and not more than 0.8 second.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for bonding a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and a gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a fuel cell stack, which facilitates stacking of an electrode catalyst layer of the MEA and the GDL and, at the same time, facilitates the keeping of the stacked layers for mass production of the fuel cell stack. For this purpose, the present invention provides a method for bonding a membrane electrode assembly and a gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell stack, the method including: coating a catalyst layer on a surface of a polymer electrolyte membrane; attaching a sub-gasket on the circumference of the polymer electrolyte membrane; and stacking a gas diffusion layer onto an outer surface of the catalyst layer by bonding all or a portion of an outer surface of the sub-gasket and the circumference of the gas diffusion layer with a bonding means.

Abstract: A separating apparatus according to the present invention includes a sucking plate for sticking to a support plate by suction. The sucking plate has sucking holes 3 and 3? for expelling gas from a space between the sucking plate and the support plate. Each of the sucking holes 3 and 3? has a diameter of not less than 0.3 mm and not more than an outer diameter of the support plate. This makes it possible to separate a supporting plate from a wafer without breaking the wafer.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for regulating carbon dioxide using a pre-injection assembly coupled to a processing chamber operating at a supercritical state is disclosed. The method and apparatus utilize a source for providing supercritical carbon dioxide to the pre-injection assembly and a temperature control element for maintaining the pre-injection region at a supercritical temperature and pressure.

Abstract: In a processing system adapted for processing an object to be processed, by supplying a processing fluid into a processing vessel, the supply of the processing fluid into the processing vessel is significantly stabilized. This processing system includes the processing vessel configured to contain the object to be processed, a processing fluid generating unit configured to generate the processing fluid, a processing-side fluid passage configured for supplying the processing fluid generated in the processing fluid generating unit into the processing vessel, and a discharge fluid passage configured for discharging the processing fluid from the processing vessel.

Abstract: A showerhead electrode includes inner and outer steps at an outer periphery thereof, the outer step cooperating with a clamp ring which mechanically attaches the electrode to a backing plate.

Abstract: A dry etching apparatus is disclosed, which is capable of forming a uniform pattern in a substrate surface, the dry etching apparatus for etching at least one substrate through the use of plasma, comprising the at least one substrate placed on a tray inside a chamber; a susceptor, provided inside the chamber while confronting with the at least one substrate, for supplying a high-frequency power to form the plasma; a grounding part provided beneath the susceptor while being untouchable to the susceptor; and an insulating part provided between the susceptor and the grounding part.

Abstract: The invention is for enabling one piece of rotation driving means 17 to drive to rotate both of an outer side shaft portion 3 of a drum shaft 1 and a screw shaft 4 on an inner side as a driving apparatus 10 of a tire building drum D, including an outer shaft 13 connected to the outer side shaft portion 3, a middle shaft 14 connected to the screw shaft 4, one piece of the rotation driving means 17 connected to the middle shaft 14 by way of a rotation transmitting member 18, and a clutch 26 interposed between the rotation transmitting member 18 connected to the middle shaft 14 and the outer shaft 13, and constituted to transmit rotation of the rotation driving means 17 to both of the middle shaft 14 and the outer shaft 13 in connecting the clutch 26 and transmit the rotation of the rotation driving means 17 only to the middle shaft 14 in cutting the clutch 26.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a roll holder for tape dispenser and a tape dispenser assembly therewith. The roll holder comprises a cylindrical body and an annular portion made from a material having a high friction coefficient, the annular portion being fixed inside the cylindrical body. The roll holder tape dispenser is supported by a shaft. Two cylindrical bodies are connected to a roll of tape, one at each extremity of the tape spool by press-fitting. The shaft passes through the annular portion and the friction occurring between the shaft and annular portion induce a tension in the tape when the tape is unwound from the roll.

Abstract: The embossing unit includes in combination: a first support for a first embossing roller and a second support for a first pressure roller, cooperating with the first embossing roller. The second support presents two seats to receive and support the first pressure roller in two different positions with respect to this support. The embossing unit also includes a third support for a second embossing roller. The third support can take at least two different operating positions. A fourth support is provided to support a second pressure roller suitable to cooperate with the second embossing roller and suitable to take at least an operating position and an idle position. Finally, there is provided a fifth support with a double seat to receive and support in two different positions alternatively a marrying roll or the second pressure roller.

Abstract: An optical disk labeling device aims to improve the disadvantages of conventional optical disk labeling devices that have too many elements, which causes higher production cost and complicated fabrication and assembly processes. It includes a label holding dock containing a holding portion and an optical disk holding dock slidably located on the holding portion. The holding portion has a downward track and an upward track. The downward track and the upward track have two ends forming a first anchor portion and a second anchor portion that communicate with each other. Through an actuation member the optical disk holding dock can be anchored on the first anchor portion at a first position to receive a first depressing force so that the actuation member is moved along the downward track to the second anchor portion to hold the optical disk holding dock at a second position.

Abstract: A corner canvas is formed such that when seen in a development, it has a right-angled trapezoidal form consisting of a rectangular canvas main body and a right-angled triangular canvas extension. A canvas take-up shaft is formed by an outer roller slidably and rotatably fitted on an inner shaft. When the canvas is to be developed, a folded swing arm is parallel-rotated obliquely forward and a front bar is pushed out to an obliquely forward corner space, thereby the corner space is covered. When the canvas is to be taken up, the swing arm is rotated obliquely rearward and the front bar is parallel-moved obliquely rearward, whereupon the outer roller is moved rearward while rotating to take up the corner canvas, and thereby the canvas extension is taken up by the exposed inner shaft.

Abstract: A slide mechanism adapted to a projection screen apparatus includes a frame, a slider, a resilient device, and an engaging device. The frame includes a receiving portion and a latch disposed in the receiving portion. The slider is slidably disposed in the receiving portion and includes a body portion defining a receiving groove and a pull handle. The resilient device is disposed below the slider for exerting a resilient force on the slider to move the slider. The engaging device is pivotally disposed in the receiving groove of the slider and includes an engaging end portion and an exerting end portion. The engaging end portion is disposed in the receiving groove and is connected against the latch. When a force is exerted on the exerting end portion, the engaging device is correspondingly rotated, and the engaging end portion of the engaging device is disengaged from the latch of the frame.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in a roll-up shutter. More particularly, the invention provides an electrically-driven shutter which can be electrically deployed or retracted, and the slats may be electrically tilted for ventilation or vertically closed for maximum security, all by use of a single electric motor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device with a curtain (2) that can be rolled up and unrolled between a shut position and an open position comprising, near the lateral edges (3) on each face, a serrated belt (1,6) extending parallel to said lateral edges (3), whereby each of the belts (1,6) has successive teeth (5,8). The lateral face of the teeth, extending in the longitudinal direction of the corresponding lateral edge (3) of at least one of the belts (1,6) provided on a face of the curtain (2) rests on a supporting element when the curtain (2) is rolled up. This supporting element is provided on the other face of the curtain (2).

Abstract: A process for the production of a multilayer fiber web from cellulose fibers by separately feeding at least two different fiber suspensions and water into a multilayer headbox, in which they are separated by separating elements from one another and from water and, after leaving the nozzle mouth of the headbox, reach an apparatus on which a web is formed, the water being transported in such a way that, after emerging from the nozzle mouth, it reaches the web-forming apparatus in the form of a layer between two layers of fiber suspensions and thus counteracts mixing of the different fiber suspensions, wherein, for improving the retention, drainage and formation, at least one retention aid and/or at least one drainage aid are metered into the fiber suspensions and/or into the water fed in.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of flat paper products with increased relative wet tensile strength and softness from a pulp suspension in which a block copolymer is added to the pulp suspension and/or the paper product is treated during production thereof or subsequently with the block copolymer. The invention likewise relates to a paper product produced in this manner. Paper products of this type are used in particular as tissue products.

Abstract: A fabric for a papermaking machine is provided. The fabric includes a machine facing side and a web facing side comprising pockets formed by warp and weft yarns. Each pocket is defined by four sides of the web facing side. Two of the four sides are each formed by a warp knuckle of a single warp yarn that passes over at least three consecutive weft yarns to define the warp knuckle. The other two of the four sides are each formed by a weft knuckle of a single weft yarn that passes over two consecutive warp yarns to define the weft knuckle.

Abstract: A fabric for a papermaking machine that includes a machine facing side and a web facing side comprising pockets formed by warp and weft yarns is provided. Each pocket is defined by four sides on the web facing side, each of the four sides is formed by a knuckle of a single yarn that passes over only two consecutive yarns to define the knuckle.

Abstract: A dryer fabric for a condensation drying apparatus in a machine which produces and/or processes a web material, such as paper, cardboard or tissue, includes a base structure which essentially provides the dimensional stability of the fabric and which consists of polyester and/or PCTA and/or PCT and/or PEEK and/or PPS and/or thread material which includes PA with high temperature stability; a fibrous nonwoven layer located on the basic structure, which essentially provides the water absorption capacity of the fabric and which provides the dryer fabric with a web material contact side on its outside, facing away from the basic structure, whereby the fibrous nonwovens layer comprises a first polymer material located at least in the area of the outside and whereby the fibrous nonwovens layer is compressed and smoothed in the area of the outside which provides the web material contact side through means of hot-calendering above the melting temperature of the first polymer material.

Abstract: A casting system includes a core and a shell positioned relative to the core. A barrier coating is applied on at least one of the core and the shell.

Abstract: A die casting machine that suppresses the occurrence of surge pressure, prevents the occurrence of burrs and spouting of molten metal, and further minimizes variations in the quality of a molded product on site. The die casting machine comprises a mold (101) that cast-molds a product, an injection cylinder (102) for injecting molten metal (15) to the mold, and a hydraulic device (103) for pressing under high pressure the injection cylinder. The hydraulic device comprises a piston ACC (20) that supplies hydraulic oil to press under pressure a piston (13) of the injection cylinder (102) and an injection cylinder inlet valve (31). The piston ACC comprises a high pressure fast pressure-raising piston accumulator (22, 322) and a low-pressure injection piston accumulator (21, 321).

Abstract: Core material is removed from a passage in a casting by exposing at least a portion of the core material in the passage to a leaching liquid. At least a portion of the core material in the passage is exposed to a gas. An opening to passage is exposed to a gas. At least a portion of the leaching liquid in the passage is boiled while the opening to the passage is exposed to a gas. At least a portion of the leaching liquid is expelled from the passage in the casting by the boiling action. To expose at least a portion of the core material in a passage to a leaching liquid, a flow of leaching liquid is conducted from a reservoir container to an operating container in which the casting is disposed. To expose at least a portion of the core material in the passage to a gas, a flow of leaching liquid is conducted from the operating container to the reservoir container.