Abstract: A process for making a pervious concrete comprising a geopolymerized pozzolanic ash. Generally, the process includes mixing a solid aggregate and a geopolymerized pozzolanic ash binder together to form a pervious concrete mixture. Some examples of suitable aggregates comprise recycled carpet, recycled cement, and aggregates of coal-combustion byproducts. The geopolymerized pozzolanic ash binder is made by combining a pozzolanic ash, such as fly ash, with a sufficient amount of an alkaline activator and water to initiate a geopolymerization reaction. The activator solution may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof. In some aspects, the final concrete forms a solid mass in the form of pavement or a pre-cast concrete shape. The solid mass of concrete may have a void content of between about 5% and about 35%.

Abstract: The Play-ble Recreational System is composed of two separate assemblies, each of which includes a through-aperture, dimensioned to allow a beanbag to pass entirely through it, which can be sealed by a detachable cover cap. The invention will be constructed so that the assemblies can serve multiple functions. When the assemblies are separate and distinct, they will primarily be used to play the popular multiplayer game, commonly referred to as cornhole or beanbag toss. However, in addition to this, the underside of each assembly is equipped with collapsible table and game legs, which allows each assembly to become an independent freestanding table. The assemblies also include mechanisms on their front and/or side surfaces that allow the assemblies to be connected together in one of two ways: either perpendicularly to form an L-shaped buffet/serving table, or end-to-end to create a long dinning/serving table that can also be used to play the popular recreational game referred to commonly as beer pong.

Abstract: Problem to be Solved The present invention is directed to providing a pallet having a large thickness, having inner ribs not easily broken formed therein, and having high bending strength. Solution A pallet 10 having a hollow double-walled structure formed by blow molding includes a first wall 13 on which a cargo is placed, a second wall 14 spaced apart from the first wall 13 by a predetermined distance, and inner ribs that connect the first wall 13 and the second wall 14. In the pallet 10, the inner ribs are respectively formed by continuously abutting and integrating end surfaces of first inner ribs 13a and 13b projecting from the first wall 13 toward a hollow portion and end surfaces of second inner ribs 14a and 14b projecting from the second wall 14 toward the hollow portion.

Abstract: A furnace system for heating a poultry brooder house includes a firebox for burning biomass fuel, and a grate within the firebox for burning the biomass fuel thereon. A distributor assembly may positioned within the firebox and is located directly above the grate. The distributor assembly includes a distributor plate having a plurality of apertures therethrough, and a distributor arm above the distributor plate that is movable relative to the distributor plate to cause biomass fuel supported on the plate to pass through the apertures and fall onto the grate. The furnace system may include a hopper assembly that defines a well for receiving a volume of biomass fuel for delivery to the grate or to the distributor plate.

Abstract: Slagging is prevented from occurring in a pulverized coal burner. A nozzle body 6, which is open to a furnace 1 and which injects pulverized coal together with primary air 14 transporting the coal to serve finally as combustion air, has an outer sleeve 8 and an inner sleeve 9 arranged in and coaxially of the sleeve 8. A fuel flow space 10 is formed between the sleeves 8 and 9. Straightening plates 29 are arranged on at least either of the sleeves 8 and 9 to project to the space 10 and extend axially of the nozzle body. The combustion air (primary air 14) carrying the pulverized coal passes through the space 10 and is injected.

Abstract: A method is provided for injecting a substance into a boiler of a waste incineration plant using a gaseous propellant, the substance being conducted, starting from at least one distributor, via lines which branch off from the distributor, in each case to a nozzle which is assigned to the respective line and by means of which the substance and the propellant are injected into the boiler. The substance quantity to be conducted to the respective nozzle is set in the distributor. The boiler is subdivided into multiple boiler sectors, in which the nozzles are arranged in a plurality of horizontal nozzle planes. To each boiler sector at least one separate distributor is assigned. The substance and the propellant are combined upstream of the branch-off with the respective line.

Abstract: A method for disposing of an organic waste of high water content according to the present invention, includes: a step in which by means of a heat exchanger (22), a heat exchange is carried out between superheated steam and exhaust gas extracted by a cyclone (2b) of a suspension preheater (2), the high temperature superheated steam that was subjected to the heat exchange is introduced to a dryer (23), thereby drying any organic sludge into a dried organic waste, and by means of the heat exchanger (22), the superheated steam used for the drying is subjected to another heat exchange, thereby recycling the superheated steam in the drying of the organic sludge; and a step in which the resulting dried organic sludge is supplied to a precalcining furnace (3) as fuel and combusted.

Abstract: A method of mass producing potato seedlings, involves collecting growing points of seed potatoes and culturing the growing points in a liquid or solid medium; introducing in vitro plantlets obtained from the culture of the growing points to solid culture; and removing the in vitro plantlets from the solid culture, and planting through stem cutting and acclimatizing the in vitro plantlets in deep flow culture, in which a nutrient solution is circulating. Upon planting in hydroponic facilities, such potato seedlings have high adaptability to the external environment and thus rapidly, uniformly generate roots in a short time. The rapid root anchoring prevents planted seedlings from withering, leading to death, growing poorly, and the like. The direct planting of in vitro plantlets through stem cutting without a separate acclimatization process shortens the overall production period of potato seedlings by omitting the acclimatization process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to, using self-vulcanizing material in the form of a narrow tape or thread (1), wind the tape or thread (1) around the sewing thread (7) of the sewed-on button (3) between the button (3) and a textile (2) in question a few turns, and after that, tear off the tape or thread (1). The remaining tape or thread (1) is pressed together using a pliers-like hand tool (4) into a soft neck (10), which within approx. two hours has been vulcanized together. Then, the sewing thread (7) does not unwind and the button (3) stably stays in place. The invention also relates to a means for carry out the method.

Abstract: A method for diverting a sailing vessel is disclosed. A watercraft equipped with a harpoon having a hull-piercing head and a tail attached to a cable may swiftly approach the vessel in the aft position. Upon piercing the hull, an extraction-preventing means, such as spokes unfolded from the head, latching it in the hull and preventing the harpoon's withdrawal. Via a cable attached to the tail of the harpoon the watercraft may use low-speed high-traction propulsion means such as Voith-Schneider Propulsion (VSP) to pull and divert the vessel at the stern to a desired course. The watercraft may preferably have a combination of lifting hydrofoils with propellers and VSP propellers to provide the respective low-traction high-speed and high-traction low-speed modes of operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of cutting (1) a small first orifice (1-1) in a wall (6) at the bottom of the sea and of opening/closing said first orifice, the method comprising anchoring a base (2) that includes a large second orifice (2-1) and a cutter device comprising: a said base, a deformable stopper (3) connected to said base and enabling said large second orifice to be opened or closed depending on the position of the stopper on the base, circular cutter means (4) secured to said base, and anchor means (5) secured to said base and suitable for anchoring said base reversibly on said wall (6). The present invention also provides a method of recovering a viscous fluid that is lighter than water, such as a polluting effluent, and that is contained in a tank of a sunken and/or damaged vessel resting on the sea bottom.

Abstract: An anchor includes a base member (10), having a leading end or toe (26), associated therewith, the base member (10) being formed from opposed, interconnected substantially triangular shaped flukes (20, 30), and a shank member (100) extending upwardly therefrom and attached thereto. The lateral and rear free edge of each fluke (20, 30) have extensions (22, 32 and 23, 33) associated therewith and depending angularly therefrom. All free edges of the anchor are other than blunt. The base member (10) includes one or more apertures, slots or discontinuing extending therethrough.

Abstract: A guide apparatus for supports (20) for sensors (30) able to move by translation in fixed guides (10) integral with the sail (Ia) of submarines (1) and the like upon activation of an actuator (40), where the fixed guide (10) has a polygonal cross-section, at each vertex (10b) of the guide (10) there being at least one structure with the shape of a prism (11) extending in the vertical direction (Z-Z) along the entire body of the guide, the prismatic elements (11) extending towards the inside of the guide (10) in such a way as to form at least two sliding surfaces (12) for corresponding sliding blocks (22) belonging to the tube (20) to be moved by translation.

Abstract: A sectional boat includes fore and aft boat sections releasably couplable together by a releasable coupler cooperating between the fore and aft boat sections, wherein the releasable coupler comprises at least one dovetail coupler. The dovetail coupler includes at least one female dovetail groove mounted on a first section of the fore and aft boat sections, and a corresponding at least one male dovetail tenon mounted on a second boat section of the fore and aft boat sections. Each tenon is sized to snugly slidably mate into a corresponding female dovetail groove in the first boat section. Each tenon includes a substantially vertically upstanding lug mounted to and extending upwardly from an upper most end of each tenon so as to extend above an upper edge of the first boat section when each tenon is snugly mated in the corresponding female dovetail groove. Each lug includes an aperture.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a small boat (kayak or hybrid kayak-canoe) made in a plurality of nesting sections. It is covered with a waterproof fabric cover, incorporating a stabilizing and flexible keel sewn into it. The boat also has a releasably attachable and flexible coaming.

Abstract: A device to connect common headgears to common mini flags or banners. Functioning as a clip and a womb as well, it applies a strong enough hold on headgears and provides a cavity for common mini flags' standards to stand straight to let the flag float above the head of the bearer.

Abstract: A control and/or monitoring method for the salting-out of at least one active ingredient impregnated in a first textile material characterized in that: a) said first textile material impregnated with said at least one active ingredient is provided, b) a control tag is affixed on the first textile material, and is made from a second textile material at least partially impregnated with a dye, the quantity of which being adjusted in such a way that the discoloration of said tag is proportional to the salting-out of said at least one active ingredient, c) the quantity of the at least one salted-out active ingredient is evaluated by visualizing the discoloration of the said tag. The invention relates to a control and/or monitoring tag of the salting-out of at least one active ingredient impregnated into a textile material.

Abstract: A system and method for conveying a bird or animal repelling object along a path, comprising a line for conveying at least one bird or animal repelling object, the line configured to define a predetermined path. The bird or animal repelling object is coupled to the line, and at least two spaced apart supporting braces operatively engage the line and provide support thereto, wherein the line is suspended in the air. The system further includes a drive unit connected to the line and adapted to control the motion of the line with respect to the supporting towers. At least one cover is attached to at least one of the towers in alignment with the path of the line and is configured to shield the object from view when the object is disposed therein.

Abstract: A multi-page bookmark is disclosed. The multi-page bookmark includes straps adapted to form loops removably received around the front cover and the rear cover of a book, respectively. The loops are positioned adjacent the binding of the book. A connecting member is disposed between the loops adjacent an upper end of the book. The connecting member spans the book binding and is adapted to have at least one elongate book marking ribbon attached thereto which extend from the connecting member, wrap the upper end of the binding of the book, and may be received between selected pages of the book.

Abstract: The invention provides a display instrument, particularly for a motor vehicle, having an indicator that is rotatable about a rotational axis, wherein the indicator has an inner first region that is radial with regard to the rotational axis and that is not visible to a user, and an outer second region that is radial with regard to the rotational axis and that is visible to a user, wherein at a radial distance from the rotational axis an additional mounting of the indicator and/or a stop for receiving tilting moments positioned substantially perpendicular on the rotational axis are provided.

Abstract: A single crystal seed for use in casting a single crystal article, consisting essentially of, in weight %, about 5.0% to about 40.0% Mo, up to 0.1% C and balance essentially Ni.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method and an apparatus for making nanomaterials. In particular, the present innovation provides an apparatus that can be used to produce nanocrystals and/or nanorods of noble metals. The disclosure also provides methods that can be advantageously used to produce gold nanocrystals/nanorods with aspect ratios higher than 4.0.

Abstract: A sheath-shaped application implement, as well as a manufacturing method thereof, where said sheath-shaped application implement comprises a base sheet(s) and a protective film(s) that are sealed together in a manner providing an empty area in which to insert the palm or fingers, and at least one base sheet mentioned above is constituted by a retention layer having at least one type of application composition on it, and by a barrier layer, where the barrier layer prevents permeation or leakage of the application composition, while the protective film is structured in such a way as to protect the application composition from exposure to the outside. This application implement can be stored in a manner retaining the quality of the application composition, is not bulky, can be carried with ease, and when used the application implement allows the protective film to be removed with ease and the application composition to be applied to desired locations at various parts of the body.

Abstract: A roller applicator for paint and other applications which comprises a shaft, a circular cylinder, end caps for the cylinder forming hubs that rotate on the shaft and a handle connected to the shaft, characterized in that the cylinder carries a material that presents a surface having a multiplicity of tiny hooks and a fabric is provided which presents a fibrous surface on an inner side and is dimensioned to fit on the cylinder when wrapped around it. The fabric can be removed after use and discarded and anew fabric added for further use of the roller applicator.

Abstract: A film coating apparatus for coating a substrate includes a number of film coating units. Each film coating unit includes a container, a transfer roller, a liquid jet, and a heater. The container is used for receiving coating liquid. The coating liquid includes coating material. The transfer roller is capable of conveying the substrate. The liquid jet is configured for jetting coating liquid received in the container toward the transfer roller. The heater is used for heating the coating liquid on the substrate to solidify the coating material of the coating liquid on the substrate to form films.

Abstract: A vertical thermal processing apparatus including: a substrate supporter; a transfer mechanism to transfer substrates between the substrate supporter and a container; and a thermal processing furnace to process substrates that have been loaded thereinto with the substrate supporter. The substrate supporter includes: support columns located at intervals therebetween to surround the substrates, supporting parts for substrate and supporting parts for annular plate provided at the support columns in a tier-like manner, for alternately supporting peripheral parts of the substrates and of annular plates at predetermined intervals therebetween, and annular plates to be supported by the supporting parts for annular plate, when seen from a direction in which the substrates are transferred. Each of the annular plates has an intermediate part having a thickness smaller than thicknesses of the peripheral parts thereof to be supported by the support columns.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and products are disclosed for locating concealed objects by discharging the contents of an aerosol container. A housing encloses an inner volume, and a hollow conduit extends along the housing. An elongate rod slides within the conduit. An actuator of the aerosol container is engaged between a discharge position and a non-discharge position by movement of the elongate rod.

Abstract: Process gas discharged from a bypass pipe to a gas exhaust system can be prevented from diffusing back to the inside of a process chamber without having to install a dedicated vacuum pump at the downstream side of the bypass pipe. The substrate processing apparatus includes a process chamber accommodating a substrate, a gas supply system supplying process gas from a process gas source to the process chamber for processing the substrate, a gas exhaust system configured to exhaust the process chamber, two or more vacuum pumps installed in series at the gas exhaust system, and a bypass pipe connected between the gas supply system and the gas exhaust system. The most upstream one of the vacuum pumps is a mechanical booster pump, and the bypass pipe is connected between the mechanical booster pump and the rest vacuum pumps located at a downstream side of the mechanical booster pump.

Abstract: Provided is a photoresist supply apparatus. The photoresist supply apparatus includes a discharge nozzle, a metering pump, a trap tank, a bottle, and a first drain line. The discharge nozzle discharges a photoresist onto a wafer. The metering pump supplies the photoresist of a fixed quantity into the discharge nozzle. The trap tank temporarily stores the photoresist to be supplied from the metering pump to the discharge nozzle. The bottle contains the photoresist stored in the trap tank. The bubble discernment member determines whether bubbles exist in the standby photoresist to be supplied from the pump to the discharge nozzle. The first drain line connects the pump to a waste liquid tank to drain the standby photoresist from the pump to the waste liquid tank when the bubble discernment member checks the bubbles.

Abstract: An exemplary system and method for plasma plating are disclosed. The system may comprise a vacuum chamber, a filament positioned within the vacuum chamber and operable to receive a depositant, and a depositant positioned at the filament. The system may also comprise a platform positioned within the vacuum chamber, a substrate positioned at the platform, a DC power supply generating a DC signal, a radio frequency transmitter generating a radio frequency signal, an electrically conductive path that electrically couples the DC signal and the radio frequency signal to the substrate, and a filament power control electrically coupled to the filament and generating a current through the filament at an amplitude to generate heat in the filament to melt the depositant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for vacuum processing that performs vapor-deposition on a substrate being heated in a vacuum chamber; the device, wherein the chamber has a light transmissible window formed in a section of the chamber; the light transmissible window and a holding part holding the substrate are connected by a linear space isolated from other parts in the chamber; a laser emitter is installed outside the light transmissible window; and the laser emitter emits a laser beam to the substrate through the linear space, thereby heating the substrate. This device enables laser heating, eliminating conventional drawbacks such as a decrease in laser output.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus of polycrystalline silicon products polycrystalline silicon by depositing on a surface of a silicon seed rod by supplying raw-material gas to the heated silicon seed rod provided vertically in a reactor, includes: an electrode which holds the silicon seed rod and is made of carbon; an electrode holder which holds the electrode, and cooled by coolant medium flowing therein, wherein the electrode includes: a seed rod holding member which holds the silicon seed rod; a heat cap which is provided between the seed rod holding member and the electrode holder; and a cap protector having a ring-like plate shape, which covers an upper surface of the heat cap, and in which a through hole penetrating the lower-end portion of the seed rod holding member is formed.

Abstract: A method for detecting mastitis of a milking animal includes the steps of: determining a first indicator of mastitis; determining a second indicator of mastitis; evaluating the first indicator of mastitis and the second indicator of mastitis; and identifying a need for a third indicator of mastitis based on the step of evaluation. An increased reliability is obtained by the method, while the costs are still kept at a minimum. A milking system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A teat cup handling device (1) for a robot arm is adapted to attach teat cups to a milking animal. Each teat cup (2) has a centrally located longitudinal axis (2c) extending through a first end surface (2a) of the teat cups provided with a recess for receiving a teat of a milking animal and a oppositely located second end surface (2b) of the teat cups and wherein the teat cup handling device (1) includes at least two holding parts (4) arranged to releasably hold the teat cups (2). Each holding part (4) includes holding elements (9a) adapted to hold the teat cups (2) in positions such that the longitudinal axes (2c) of the teat cups are inclined in relation to each other.

Abstract: In the preferred embodiment there is provided an improved aquaculture system including a peripheral floatation system for suspending a containment unit in a marine environment, a peripheral weight system operatively connected to the containment unit about its lower periphery and a connection means for operatively connecting the weight system to the floatation system.

Abstract: A breeding apparatus comprises a main water tank 10 in which deep-sea organisms are housed along with seawater; a hot water supplying device 20; and a hot water discharging device 30. A hot water pipe 22 extends from a hot water tank 21 to the bottom of the main water tank 10, an end configuring a spouting hole 22a which emits hot water upwardly. The hot water discharging unit 30 is positioned above the spouting hole 22a and circulates the hot water ascended from the spouting hole 22a back to the warm water tank 23, which is outside of the main water tank 10, via a hot water discharging pipe 31. The hot water emitted from the spouting hole 22a forms a cold water zone 12 and a localized hot water zone 11, while the interface between this hot water zone 11 and the cold water zone 12 is formed in a rapidly ascending fashion in respect to the vertical cross section of the seawater in the main water tank 10.

Abstract: A floating habitat designed to be renewably buoyant, self-sustaining and optionally specialized for waterfowl nesting. The first embodiment comprises one or more flotation units, a source of compressed air, and a means for connecting the source of compressed air to the flotation units. Each flotation unit comprises an individual supply hose, an inflatable bladder, a relief valve, a diffusing manifold, bottom mesh, top mesh, and buoyant growth medium. An alternative embodiment comprises a self-compensating buoyancy system. In the waterfowl nesting embodiment, the floating habitat includes one or more waterfowl nesting structures and construction material selected to optimize the nesting habitat. The floating habitat can be comprised of scrap pieces or layers of polyester mesh material. The floating habitats can be combined to provide safe habitat for juvenile waterfowl, encourage colony nesting, or allow a variety of waterfowl or shore bird species to enjoy suitable habitat on the same floating habitat.

Abstract: A reconfigurable animal toy is disclosed herein. The toy has a plurality of connectable track pieces that may be assembled to define a track for receiving a captive ball. The track allows an animal to touch the ball for selectively propelling the ball along the track. To enhance the interest of the animal, the track may define a randomizer for affecting travel of the ball and may define a sight line interference member. Additional features of the animal toy may include scratch pads and visual devices to enhance and maintain the interest of the animal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a chew toy for pets has steps of: producing a base layer and an outer layer; shaping the base layer; (c) applying the outer layer to the base layer to manufacture a semifinished material and drying the semifinished material to obtain a chew toy, wherein the base layer has poprice, sweet rice flour and water and the outer layer has soybean, animal parts and glycerol. The chew toy has poprice, sweet rice flour, soybean, animal parts and glycerol, therefore has a nutritional value, is easily digested and has health benefits for the pet, including strengthening their teeth and exercising their palate and jaw.

Abstract: A tether for use with autistic children includes belts, one each for wear by an adult and a child for maintaining them side by side during a training session. Tether attached rings are confined by fabric closure members on the belts to maintain proximity of child and adult but can yield upon increased tensioning of the tether. The tether has spaced loops for adjusting tether length. A lock is provided to secure a tether end.

Abstract: A water heater is provided that includes a tank for storing water and a combustion chamber in thermal communication with the tank for heating the water. The combustion chamber contains a pilot burner and at least one main burner. The water heater also includes a flue containing a flue damper to control the passage of exhaust gases from said combustion chamber. The water heater further includes an electrical control circuit connected to said flue damper. The electrical control circuit includes a thermal switch positioned proximal to the main burner The thermal switch is configured to prevent the flue damper from closing while the main burner is firing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid fuel boiler, comprising a fire place with a burner, a flue gas passage with a flue gas outlet, an inlet for cold air, a convection space for heat exchange of cold air with the flue gas passage, and an outlet for hot air, wherein the flue gas passage comprises a tube kit with a plurality of tubes arranged adjacent to each other to create a flow space for air between the tubes, wherein at least one of said tubes is arranged so that it extends obliquely upwards in an acute angle in relation to the vertical line of the boiler from a lower attachment point to an upper attachment point.

Abstract: In a system for cooling transmission oil in a vehicle with a hydraulic oil cooling circuit 20, an engine cooling subsystem 18 which uses cooling fluid, and a transmission oil cooling circuit 22, the transmission oil circuit 22 comprises first and second heat exchangers 28, 38. The first heat exchanger 28 is provided with cooling fluid from the engine cooling subsystem 18 to cool the transmission oil and the second heat exchanger 38 is provided with oil from the hydraulic oil cooling circuit 20 to cool the transmission oil.

Abstract: An arrangement for cleaning of intake air for an air-cooled internal combustion engine of a motor-driven tool, such as a chain saw. The arrangement includes an air conductor surrounding a fan wheel arranged to propel intake air around an axis of the fan wheel. An inner wall of the air conductor is arranged for guiding air propelled by the fan wheel. An air nozzle for cleaning of intake air is arranged on the inner wall of the air conductor radially close to said fan wheel. The air nozzle serves as a passage way for providing cleaned intake air from the fan wheel to the engine of the motor-driven tool, wherein the air nozzle and the air conductor are manufactured in one piece.

Abstract: A switchable support element (1) for a valve train of an internal combustion engine, said support element (1) comprising a housing (2) that can be arranged through an outer peripheral wall (3) in a reception of the internal combustion engine and in whose bore (4) an axially movable inner element (6) extends, a head (5) of the inner element (6) protruding beyond an edge (7) of the housing (2), coupling elements (8) being associated to the inner element (6) for a selective coupling of the inner element (6) in an axially extended position of the inner element (6) to the housing (2), and said inner element (6) being biased by at least one lost motion spring (9) in a direction leading out of the housing (2), wherein the coupling elements (8) are at least one slide which, in case of uncoupling, is positioned in a guide (10) of the housing (2) extending in radial or secant direction and which comprises a flattened upper side (12) starting from a radially inner front end (11) of the slide, and this flattened upper si

Abstract: A camshaft system includes a number of cam lobes locked upon a cylindrical shaft. Bearings configured with one-piece bores and are engaged with the cylindrical shaft. The bearings are captured upon the shaft by the locked-on cam lobes.

Abstract: In an engine electromagnetic valve operating device (20), an intake valve (17) is opened and closed by means of a first electromagnet (21), which is fixed to a cylinder head, and a second electromagnet (22), which is pivotably supported on the cylinder head by a fixed shaft (38) so as to be capable of swinging, attracting a first attraction face (23b) and a second attraction face (23c) respectively of an armature (23) having one end pivotably supported on the cylinder head by the fixed shaft (38) so that it can swing and having the other end abutting against a stem (18) of the intake valve (17). In this arrangement, by changing the angle between the first and second electromagnets (21, 22) by swinging the second electromagnet (22), the amount of lift of the intake valve (17) can be changed freely.

Abstract: An Otto cycle internal combustion engine (10) provided with a combustion chamber (14) and an inlet (18) and an outlet (20) with respective valves (24 and 26), and a suction passage (29) leading to the said at least one inlet (18) to conduct the flow of fluid material thereto. The engine (10) further comprises a control valve (28) arranged upstream of the inlet valve (24) and being operable to change between a condition in which it opens the suction passage (29) and a condition in which it closes the suction passage (29). An engine operating position sensor (90) provides signals indicative of the operating position of the engine (10). There is also an engine power control (92). A variable intermediate position control signal generator (95), generates control signals at times respectively between the beginning and the end of each of a succession of inlet valve opening periods of the engine cycle.

Abstract: An apparatus for adjusting individual valve lift comprising a control arm assembly disposed between the cam lobes and the valve rockers for a multi-valve train. The control arm at each valve includes a driven gear. An actuator shaft includes a mating drive gear at each driven gear for rotating each control arm to vary the overall lift of the valves. In the prior art, the mating drive gears are fixed to the actuator shaft at identical fixed orientations. In accordance with the present invention, each mating drive gear is rotatably adjustable on the actuator shaft to permit changing of the orientation of each gear with respect to the actuator shaft, thereby changing the contact point of the control arm with its respective cam lobe. The lifts of the individual valves may be individually adjusted to provide equal air flow through all the valves in a multi-valve train.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a variable valve operating apparatus having a switching mechanism for switching between a dual valve variable control mode and a single valve variable control mode, and enhances the durability of the switching mechanism. In an idle state prevailing before a vehicle starts moving, the operating state of an internal combustion engine is in a single valve small lift region (point A). In this instance, the single valve variable control mode prevails. After the vehicle starts moving, the operating state changes from point A through point B to point C and switches to a dual valve great lift region. Subsequently, when an accelerator pedal is released with a clutch disengaged for upshifting, the operating state reverts to point A in the single valve small lift region. In the above situation, as the operating state remains in the dual valve great lift region for a short period of time, a switch to the dual valve variable control mode does not constitute a considerable advantage.