Abstract: A base member and a retainer member adjustably coupled to the base. The retainer and base define a receptacle for holding a bundle of hair. The retainer has at least one freeable end that can be moved between an open position separated from the base and a series of closed positions attached to the base. When the retainer is in the first closed position, the receptacle is generally flat and wide. When the retainer is in the last closed position, the receptacle is generally tall and narrow, thereby providing a more volumized look to the hair. And when the retainer is in an intermediate closed position, the receptacle has an intermediate flatness and wideness.

Abstract: An improved method of cleaning topped/scalped sugar beets and field chopped sugar cane cuttings using ultrasonic energy by the utilization of water used to transport and clean the topped/scalped sugar beets, beet pieces, beet slices, beet noodles, and chopped sugar cane using a plurality of ultrasonic emitters lining the walls and floor of its entire length for its entire length.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a substrate is provided that includes applying a liquid medium to a surface of the substrate such that the liquid medium substantially covers a portion of the substrate that is being cleaned. One or more transducers are used to generate acoustic energy. The generated acoustic energy is applied to the substrate and the liquid medium meniscus such that the applied acoustic energy to the liquid medium prevents cavitation within the liquid medium. The acoustic energy applied to the substrate provides maximum acoustic wave displacement to acoustic waves introduced into the liquid medium. The acoustic energy introduced into the substrate and the liquid medium enables dislodging of the particle contaminant from the surface of the substrate. The dislodged particle contaminants become entrapped within the liquid medium and are carried away from the surface of the substrate by the liquid medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solvent composition for removing radioactive substance, characterized by comprising at least one selected from hydrofluorocarbon, hydrofluoroether, and perfluoroketone as a medium for transporting the radioactive substance, and a method for removing a radioactive substance characterized by using the solvent composition for removing.

Abstract: Disclosed are a substrate processing apparatus and a substrate cleaning method to satisfactorily clean the entire circumferential periphery of a substrate, including an upper surface circumferential periphery, an end, and a lower surface circumferential periphery of the substrate. The substrate processing apparatus includes a substrate supporter to support the substrate, a first cleaner to clean the upper surface circumferential periphery of the substrate with a pressurized cleaning liquid, and a second cleaner to clean the end and the lower surface circumferential periphery of the substrate while contacting the end and the lower surface circumferential periphery of the substrate with a cleaning member. The first cleaner cleans the upper surface circumferential periphery of the substrate, and the second cleaner cleans the end and the lower surface circumferential periphery of the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid processing method performs a liquid process after an etching target film formed on a surface of a substrate is etched through a hard mask layer used as an etching mask and having a predetermined pattern formed therein. The liquid process is used for removing the hard mask layer and a polymer deposited due to etching. The method includes a second step of switching from a discard side to a collection side for collecting a chemical liquid used in the liquid process and recycling the chemical liquid in the liquid process, when the hard mask layer is removed by a first step to a residual quantity at which the chemical liquid used in the liquid process becomes collectable for reuse.

Abstract: There is provided a biochemical analyzer and a method of cleaning fluid components of the same. The biochemical analyzer includes a reagent adding mechanism, a sample adding mechanism, at least one reaction cup, a cleaning mechanism and a waste pipeline connected to the cleaning mechanism. A control system is employed, wherein the control system has a cleaning mode for cleaning fluid components of the biochemical analyzer, having: a) a water injection step; and b) a water discharge. With the cleaning method, the fluid components such as the water drawing device and waste valve on the waste pipeline may be automatically cleaned without manual intervention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vacuum cleaner nozzle (1) bounding an inlet (2) for guiding aspirated air through the nozzle (1). The nozzle (1) comprises a rim (3, 4) along an outer end contour of the inlet (2) for contacting a floor surface area (6) when in an operating position on the floor surface (6), wherein at least a rim portion (3, 4) is movable between a 5 lowered position for contacting a floor surface (6) and a lifted position for leaving a spacing between the rim portion (3, 4) and the floor surface (6). A rim operating structure (21) is adapted for leaving the rim portion (3, 4) in the lowered position during an initial portion of a movement stroke of the nozzle over the floor surface (6) in a direction and for subsequently, during a later portion of the stroke, starting the lifting to the lifted position. This improves the aspiration of larger particles.

Abstract: An industrial vacuum system which is contained in a portable container having a bottom and an open end and includes an extension unit having a first end operatively connected to the portable container and a second end that is selectively extendable away from the container, a collection unit rotatively coupled to first ends of the extension unit, a transportation unit coupling the extension unit to the container, the transportation unit having one end rotatively coupled to the end of the extension unit the transportation unit including a plurality of wheel units, and a trolley guidance unit having a rail attached to the bottom of the container and engaging the wheels of the wheel unit.

Abstract: A ready mix truck wash system includes at least one spray arch fluidly connected to a pump, a motor, and controls. The spray arch has a plurality of pipes and spray nozzles configured to spray pressurized fluid onto a ready mix truck. In one embodiment, the ready mix truck is washed in multiple stages.

Abstract: The present invention is to present a sample processing apparatus, comprising: a sample processing mechanism which comprises a flow channel to be used for processing a sample, and performs a sample processing operation for processing the sample using the flow channel and a cleaning operation for cleaning the flow channel; and a controller for controlling the cleaning operation by the sample processing mechanism, based on an elapsed time since a previous cleaning operation by the sample processing mechanism.

Abstract: A dishwasher having a liquid spraying system operable in a first mode to spray a focused stream of liquid within the wash chamber, and operable in a second mode to spray a diffused stream of liquid within the wash chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cleaning apparatus and a cleaning method, which can collect a chemical liquid without reducing the throughput after a substrate is subjected to a cleaning treatment and dried by using a drying solvent, such as IPA. The disclosed cleaning apparatus carries out a chemical liquid cleaning treatment, a rinsing treatment, and a drying treatment with IPA, in order, on a wafer W while rotating wafer W, and includes a cleaning liquid supply device for supplying a cleaning liquid for cleaning the drain cup and the drain tube to the drain cup in a state where the cleaning liquid is not supplied to the wafer. Also, the apparatus further includes a control unit for controlling respective components of the cleaning apparatus. The control unit, after the cleaning treatment and then the rinsing treatment of wafer W, at the time when the drying treatment is performed by IPA, controls the cleaning liquid to be supplied to the drain cup.

Abstract: A jetspray nozzle for cleaning a photolithographic mask or semiconductor wafer and method for cleaning the same. The jetspray nozzle in one embodiment includes a water supply inlet, a gas supply inlet, a first row of gas injection nozzles communicating with the gas supply inlet, a mixing cavity defining a jetspray nozzle outlet, and a flow mixing baffle disposed in the cavity. The mixing baffle preferably is configured and arranged to combine gas and water in the jetspray nozzle for delivering a concentrated stream of gas with a cluster of micro water droplets entrained in the gas for removing contaminant particles from the mask. The jetspray nozzle is capable of cleaning photo masks or wafers without the use of chemicals. In one embodiment, the water may be deionized water and the gas may be nitrogen. In another embodiment, the jetspray nozzle further includes a second row of gas injection nozzles spaced above or below the first row of gas injection nozzles that communicate with the gas supply inlet.

Abstract: A water-conducting domestic appliance, in particular a domestic dishwasher, the water-conducting domestic appliance including a washing compartment for receiving items therein that are to be subjected to a handling process by the water-conducting domestic appliance; and a detergent dosing system, the detergent dosing system having a detergent dispenser with a receiving compartment, the receiving compartment for receiving at least one cartridge that is configured to hold at least one detergent. The detergent dosing system is formed from a plurality of housing walls and at least one portion of at least one housing wall of the detergent dosing system has thermal insulation.

Abstract: A chemical solution is mixed to deionized water from a chemical cartridge 29 via a chemical supply unit 27 to produce a treating liquid. Then, the treating liquid is supplied to a treating tank via a supply pipe. The chemical cartridge 29 is not supplemented with the chemical solution through a supplementing line etc., and the chemical solution is not contaminated. As a result, cleanliness of the chemical solution can be kept high, and substrates can be cleaned at a high clean level. Moreover, the chemical cartridge 29 also has a residual quantity display portion 39. Thus a residual quantity of the chemical solution in the chemical cartridge 29 can easily be recognized, and periodic replacement timing of the chemical cartridge 29 can be recognized easily. Furthermore, the chemical cartridge 29 can control the flow rate by a nozzle portion 47. Consequently, the chemical cartridge 29 can directly be attached to the supply pipe, which can simplify the construction and thus can reduce apparatus cost.

Abstract: System and apparatuses for utilizing in-situ generated hydrogen fluoride (HF) in a cleaning process. An exemplary system includes a cleaning retort operable at a temperature sufficient to promote an in-situ reaction between a liquid or gaseous halogenated feedstock and hydrogen gas to form the HF. The system includes a liquid or gaseous halogenated feedstock source and a hydrogen gas source disposed outside the cleaning retort which, upon reaction generate the HF within the cleaning retort. A HF scrubber, disposed within the cleaning retort, is operable to substantially remove residual HF gas formed by the in-situ reaction. An exemplary apparatus includes a cleaning retort having a first region able to hold parts in need of cleaning and a second region operable as a HF scrubber.

Abstract: A substrate mounting table includes a mounting table main body whose top surface and side surface are covered with an upper cover member. Surface treatment is performed partially to a substrate surrounding region disposed outside a substrate mounting region on a top surface of the upper cover member, so that the substrate surrounding region is smoother than the substrate mounting region. The substrate mounting region is covered by a wafer when the wafer is mounted thereon. Thus, for instance, a metal component generated upon removal of a metal oxide film from the substrate is not easily adhered on the mounting table, and is easily removed if adhered.

Abstract: A drawer guide is provided for a dishwasher or other device through which there is a flow of liquid or gas. The drawer guide has guide rails and at least one rolling member assembly to guide the guide rails in a displaceable manner on another guide rail. A cage is provided for the rolling members. At least one of the guide rails has a rear rail portion with fluid passage openings that allow liquid or gas to flow through the guide rail when the device is in operation. At least one cage for the rolling members of the drawer guide can include a rear cage portion that is provided with fluid passage openings that allow liquid or gas to flow therethrough when the device is in operation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a dish washing machine including a sump unit capable of supplying, to an injection nozzle, wash water flowing in accordance with operation of an impeller, without using a separate channel member. The dish washing machine includes a body provided with a washing tub, a sump unit arranged in the washing tub, and at least one injection nozzle to inject wash water into the washing tub. The sump unit includes a sump housing, an impeller arranged in the sump housing, to pump wash water from the sump housing, and a guide member, to which the sump housing is mounted. The guide member guides the wash water pumped by the impeller directly to the injection nozzle.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus having a high cleaning efficiency by restraining lowering of the sound pressure applied to the object to be cleaned per unit time while securing the uniformization of the sound pressure in the entire area in the cleaning tank. An ultrasonic cleaning apparatus for cleaning an object to be cleaned by ultrasonic vibrations including: ultrasonic vibration generating means configured to generate a frequency modulated signal and generate the ultrasonic vibrations; and a cleaning tank configured to store cleaning liquid in which the object to be cleaned is to be immersed in the interior thereof and clean the object to be cleaned by the ultrasonic vibrations generated by the ultrasonic vibration generating means, characterized in that the signal includes at least two frequency modulated portions having modulation widths different from each other with a single frequency as a center frequency.

Abstract: A device for checking the concentration of clear rinsing agent in a rinsing liquid circulated in the means for retaining water of a household appliance is provided. The device includes a processing unit operatively connectable to a sensor having at least one transmitting element that emits an optical signal and at least one receiving element that receives the optical signal emitted by the transmitting element. The processing unit determines the wetting of the sensor with clear rinsing liquid and renders an estimate of the concentration of clear rinsing agent in the clear rinsing liquid as a function of the wetting of the sensor with clear rinsing liquid based upon the energy level emitted by the transmitting element and received by the receiving element.

Abstract: An aeroelastic solar-power-generating canopy is described that requires minimal construction efforts. The canopy can be formed over supporting structures such as columns, without requiring an existing roof. The canopy contains a plurality of solar panels arranged substantially adjacent to each other, which are coupled to attachment members. Linking members are coupled to the attachment members, the linking members providing a flexing point for the solar panels. A cable is coupled to the linking members, spanning a substantial portion of the distance covered by the solar panels, providing a restraining force. And, at least one of the attachment members and cable is coupled to a supporting structure, wherein the cable in conjunction with the linking members allows the solar panels to dynamically react to loads, the arranged solar panels operating as a covering and as a source of solar power.

Abstract: A tent and method of assembling a tent is provided. The tent includes a connecting strip for connecting first and second panels of a fabric shell of the tent. The connecting strip slides axially along sides of the adjacent panels during assembly to connect them together. In a preferred embodiment, the connecting strip and sides of the connected panels utilize cooperating keder strips and keder channels to cooperatingly connect the two panels. In a preferred embodiment, the connecting strip is flexible to permit using connecting strips that are longer than the legs of the tent.

Abstract: A bulk thermoelectric material having a structure in which migration of carriers is not inhibited but phonons are scattered is described. The bulk thermoelectric material includes: a bulk crystalline thermoelectric material matrix; and nanoparticles coated with a conductive material within the thermoelectric material matrix.

Abstract: A first concept is directed to an improved dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). In a first embodiment, photo energy conversion efficiency (PCE) is increased by employing a reflective layer disposed underneath the DSSC device to direct light that would otherwise be wasted back into the DSSC device. In a second embodiment, the PCE of a DSSC is increased by adding an additional dye, which exhibits significant absorption in the red and near-IR regions. A novel phthalocyanine derivative has been developed that absorbs well in the red and near IR-regions, readily couples to the titanium oxide semiconductor in the DSSC, and enables the DSSC device to exhibit a high photo-current efficiency. A second concept is directed to novel thermoelectric materials formed from a mechanical alloy of silicon and at least one other periodic element, wherein the mechanical alloy is fused together using spark plasma sintering.

Abstract: A package is adapted to a thermoelectric module in which a plurality of thermoelectric elements is electrically connected in series and aligned between a lower electrode and an upper electrode and is constituted of a metal frame and a metal base which is a metal plate having good thermal conductivity composed of copper, aluminum, silver, or alloy. The metal frame is bonded onto the periphery of the metal base via a low melting point solder whose melting point is lower than that of the solder used for forming the thermoelectric module. The thermoelectric module is circumscribed by the metal frame so that the lower electrode thereof is attached onto the metal base via an insulating resin layer.

Abstract: Unique mounting structures and installation methods for arrays of photovoltaic modules are disclosed. These structures and methods allow for simple, inexpensive and facile production of expansive area solar energy collection facilities.

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods for manufacturing solar cell modules having improved fault tolerance and the ability to maximize module power output in response to non-optimal operation of one or more solar cells in the module. To improve the fault tolerance, the individual solar cells may each have a bypass diode coupled thereto to that when a single solar cell faults, only the faulted solar cell is affected. In one embodiment, a transistor may be used to improve the fault tolerance of a solar cell module.

Abstract: A multi-stage folding portable solar charging apparatus includes first, second and third photoelectric conversion modules. The second photoelectric conversion module is pivotally connected to a side of the first photoelectric conversion module and folded/unfolded with respect to an upper surface of the first photoelectric conversion module, and the third photoelectric conversion module is pivotally connected to another side of the first photoelectric conversion module and can be folded/unfolded with respect to a lower surface of the first photoelectric conversion module, such that the photoelectric conversion modules are electrically connected with each other. A connector is fixed and electrically connected to one of the photoelectric conversion modules.

Abstract: A concentrating solar cell module without sun-tracing system is provided, wherein a transparent sphere is used as a concentrator and hence there is no need for the concentrator to trace light source, such as the Sun.

Abstract: A combined diode, lead assembly incorporating two expansion joints. The combined diode, lead assembly incorporating two expansion joints includes a diode having a first diode terminal and a second diode terminal, a first conductor and a second conductor. The first conductor includes a first terminal that is electrically coupled to the diode at the first diode terminal and a second terminal that is configured as a first expansion joint, which is configured to electrically couple to a first interconnecting-conductor and is configured to reduce a stress applied to the diode by the first conductor. The second conductor includes a first terminal that is electrically coupled to the diode at the second diode terminal and a second terminal that is configured as a second expansion joint, which is configured to electrically couple to a second interconnecting-conductor and is configured to reduce a stress applied to the diode by the second conductor.

Abstract: A solar cell module comprises a light receiving structure with a substantially transparent front cover and a plurality of active elements placed behind the said front cover. At least one interconnector is situated between adjacent active elements, the interconnectors having a reflective structure facing towards said front cover.

Abstract: A solar concentrator assembly comprises a stepped wave-guide assembly, a reflective mirror assembly, and an optical target providing unit. The stepped wave-guide assembly includes at least one surface, comprising a set of parallel but offset adjacent surfaces, and an opposing surface. The wave-guide assembly propagates light in a total internal reflection mode between the at least one surface and the opposing surface. The wave-guide assembly also includes transition surfaces between the adjacent parallel surfaces and the transition surfaces include edges perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the wave-guide assembly. The reflective mirror assembly includes a plurality of mirrors each being aligned to reflect the light to one of the transition surfaces between two of the parallel adjacent surfaces. The optical target providing unit converts solar energy from the light propagated in the wave-guide assembly to a different form of energy.

Abstract: A solar cell module comprising a solar cell layer and a sheet comprising at least one layer of a sodium ionomer composition, wherein the sodium ionomer composition consists essentially of a sodium ionomer that is an ionic, neutralized derivative of a precursor ?-olefin carboxylic acid copolymer, wherein about 10% to about 35% of the total content of the carboxylic acid groups present in the precursor ?-olefin carboxylic acid copolymer have been neutralized with sodium ions, and wherein the precursor ?-olefin carboxylic acid copolymer comprises (i) copolymerized units of an ?-olefin having 2 to 10 carbons and (ii) about 20 to about 25 wt %, based on the total weight of the ?-olefin carboxylic acid copolymer, of copolymerized units of an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8.

Abstract: Provided is a solar cell module comprising a solar cell layer and an ionomer sheet comprising an ionomer composition, said ionomer composition comprises a first ionomer that is the neutralized product of a first precursor acid copolymer, wherein, (A) the first precursor acid copolymer comprises copolymerized units of a first ?-olefin having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and about 20 to about 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the first precursor acid copolymer, of copolymerized units of a second ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms; (B) the first precursor acid copolymer has a melt flow rate of about 70 to about 1000 g/10 min, as determined in accordance with ASTM D1238 at 190° C. and 2.16 kg; and (C) the first precursor acid copolymer, when neutralized to a level of about 40% to about 90% and when comprising counterions that consist essentially of sodium cations, produces a sodium ionomer, and said sodium ionomer has a melt flow rate of about 0.

Abstract: An article is disclosed which comprises a substrate and an outermost layer where the outermost layer or a portion thereof adheres to or in contact with the substrate and comprises a grafted polyolefin composition and the article provides long lifetime, highly abrasion-resistant articles for use in a wide range of aggressive environmental conditions and can be used as safety glass or solar cell laminate.

Abstract: Multilayer structures useful as a backsheet for an electronic device, e.g., a photovoltaic cell, comprise (A) a top layer comprising a polyolefin resin, e.g., ethylene vinyl acetate, and having a top facial surface and a bottom facial surface, (B) a tie layer comprising an adhesive, e.g., an ethylene glycidyl methacrylate, having a top facial surface and a bottom facial surface, the top facial surface in adhering contact with the bottom facial surface of the top layer, and (C) a bottom layer comprising a polyolefin having at least one melting peak greater than 125° C., e.g., a polypropylene, and having a top facial layer and a bottom facial surface, the top facial surface in adhering contact with the bottom facial surface of the tie layer.

Abstract: A silicon solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The silicon solar cell includes a silicon semiconductor substrate doped with first conductive impurities, an emitter layer doped with second conductive impurities having polarities opposite polarities of the first conductive impurities on the substrate, an anti-reflective layer on an entire surface of the substrate, an upper electrode that passes through the anti-reflective layer and is connected to the emitter layer, and a lower electrode connected to a lower portion of the substrate. The emitter layer includes a first emitter layer heavily doped with the second conductive impurities and a second emitter layer lightly doped with the second conductive impurities. A surface resistance of the second emitter layer is 100 Ohm/sq to 120 Ohm/sq.

Abstract: A design and manufacturing method for an interdigitated backside contact photovoltaic (PV) solar cell less than 100 ?m thick are disclosed. A porous silicon layer is formed on a wafer substrate. Portions of the PV cell are then formed using diffusion, epitaxy and autodoping from the substrate. All backside processing of the solar cell (junctions, passivation layer, metal contacts to the N+ and P+ regions) is performed while the thin epitaxial layer is attached to the porous layer and substrate. After backside processing, the wafer is clamped and exfoliated. The front of the PV cell is completed from the region of the wafer near the exfoliation fracture layer, with subsequent removal of the porous layer, texturing, passivation and deposition of an antireflective coating. During manufacturing, the cell is always supported by either the bulk wafer or a wafer chuck, with no processing of bare thin PV cells.

Abstract: Techniques for combining nanotechnology with photovoltaics are provided. In one aspect, a method of forming a photovoltaic device is provided comprising the following steps. A plurality of nanowires are formed on a substrate, wherein the plurality of nanowires attached to the substrate comprises a nanowire forest. In the presence of a first doping agent and a first volatile precursor, a first doped semiconductor layer is conformally deposited over the nanowire forest. In the presence of a second doping agent and a second volatile precursor, a second doped semiconductor layer is conformally deposited over the first doped layer. The first doping agent comprises one of an n-type doping agent and a p-type doping agent and the second doping agent comprises a different one of the n-type doping agent and the p-type doping agent from the first doping agent. A transparent electrode layer is deposited over the second doped semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a nanodevice. Disclosed herein too is a method of manufacturing a nanodevice. In one embodiment the nanodevice includes a first substrate; a second substrate; a nanowire; the nanowire contacting the first substrate and the second substrate; the nanowire comprising a metal, a semi-conductor or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A substantially transparent substrate having first and second major surfaces and a plurality of side surfaces; a thin-film semiconductor layer coupled to the first major surface of the substrate and including first and second major surfaces and at least one photo-sensitive p-n junction therein; and a light directing feature operable to cause incident light to propagate through the substrate and into the semiconductor layer in a waveguide mode such that the light reflects a plurality of times between the first and second major surfaces of the semiconductor layer and impinges upon the p-n junction a plurality of times

Abstract: A design and manufacturing method for a photovoltaic (PV) solar cell less than 100 ?m thick are disclosed. A porous silicon layer is formed on a wafer substrate. Portions of the PV cell are then formed using diffusion, epitaxy and autodoping from the substrate. All front side processing of the solar cell (junctions, passivation layer, anti-reflective coating, contacts to the N+-type layer) is performed while the thin epitaxial layer is attached to the porous layer and substrate. The wafer is then clamped and exfoliated. The back side of the PV cell is completed from the region of the wafer near the exfoliation fracture layer, with subsequent removal of the porous layer, passivation, patterning of contacts, deposition of a conductive coating, and contacts to the P+-type layer.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device is formed by sequentially arranging a dye-sensitized semiconductor layer (3), a porous insulating layer (4) and a counter electrode (5) on a transparent conductive layer (2) which is formed on a transparent substrate (1). The counter electrode (5) is composed of a metal or alloy foil having a catalyst layer on one surface which is on the porous insulating layer (4) side, or a foil made of a material having a catalytic activity. At a position between two adjacent dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion devices, the transparent conductive layer (2) of one dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device and the counter electrode (5) of the other dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device are electrically connected with each other. The dye-sensitized semiconductor layer (3) and the porous insulating layer (4) are impregnated with an electrolyte. Each dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device is covered with a sealing layer (7).

Abstract: A solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion module having a light incident surface for receiving light and converting the light into electric energy, and glass layer containing europium therein applied on the light incident surface. The glass layer modulates wavelength of received light to a higher level and transmits modulated light to the light incident surface.

Abstract: Provided are a crystalline solar cell having a stacked structure capable of increasing light absorption efficiency and preventing deterioration in a semiconductor and a method of manufacturing the crystalline solar cell. The crystalline solar cell having a stacked structure includes a non-conductive lattice buffer layer which is made of a non-conductive material and formed between crystalline solar cell layers, wherein the non-conductive lattice buffer layer electrically connects the solar cell layers to each other by a tunneling effect. The method of manufacturing the crystalline solar cell includes steps of forming a crystalline first solar cell layer, forming a non-conductive lattice buffer layer using a non-conductive material on the first solar cell layer, and forming a crystalline second solar cell layer on the non-conductive lattice buffer layer.

Abstract: A photovoltaic semiconductor solar cell with a backside semiconductor-oxide-nitride-oxide nonvolatile charge storage structure (referred to as a “PHONOS solar cell”) is disclosed. The PHONOS solar cell includes a semiconductor surface region, a semiconductor bulk region, and a backside structure that includes the SONO nonvolatile charge storage structure and a backside contact. The backside SONO nonvolatile charge storage structure greatly improves solar cell efficiency gains by eliminating “backside” losses, i.e., losses due to the recombination of photo-generated minority charge carriers created by the incident sunlight. The PHONOS solar cell is a highly efficient, ultra-thin, semiconductor solar cell that can be manufactured at low cost.

Abstract: A manufacture method for a gallium-doped monocrystalline silicon solar cell is provided. The method includes classifying the sheets of gallium-doped monocrystalline silicon according to resistivity; texturing and washing the sheets of gallium-doped monocrystalline silicon; diffusing the classified, textured and washed sheets of gallium-doped monocrystalline silicon; etching and depositing the sheets of gallium-doped monocrystalline silicon; and metalizing the sheets of gallium-doped monocrystalline silicon. Advantageously, Light Induced Degradation (LID) is efficiently, economically and conveniently suppressed, the light induced efficiency degradation of monocrystalline silicon solar cell can be controlled within 1%, and meanwhile, the effect of the uneven resistivity distribution of gallium-doped monocrystalline on the cell process is reduced.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for thermally cooling while electrically insulating. The device contains a first adhesive layer, substrate, a second adhesive layer and a heat sink. The first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer are a vinyl or acrylic based polymer. The adhesive layers and the substrate may contain thermally conductive fillers, light absorbing pigments or mixtures of both.