Abstract: A micro-electromechanical device includes a semiconductor substrate, in which a first microstructure and a second microstructure of reference are integrated. The first microstructure and the second microstructure are arranged in the substrate so as to undergo equal strains as a result of thermal expansions of the substrate. Furthermore, the first microstructure is provided with movable parts and fixed parts with respect to the substrate, while the second microstructure has a shape that is substantially symmetrical to the first microstructure but is fixed with respect to the substrate. By subtracting the changes in electrical characteristics of the second microstructure from those of the first, variations in electrical characteristics of the first microstructure caused by changes in thermal expansion or contraction can be compensated for.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, the present invention provides a vehicle seat assembly comprising a cushion having an “A” surface and a “B” surface, a central portion, and two bolster areas, with each bolster area being adjacent the central portion, with the cushion having a plurality of intrusions extending from the “A” surface towards the “B” surface to form a hardness gradient between at least one of the bolster areas and the central portion of between 8% to 25%.

Abstract: A tool for the connection of tubes (T) by means of connection sleeves (C), comprising two jaws (2, 3) which are mutually movable between an open rest position, and a closed work position wherein they define an annular reception seat (7) of the connection sleeve (C), and wherein they turn a circumferential series of radial punches (6) towards the sleeve (C); said jaws (2, 3) each comprising at least one punch (6) sliding towards the centre of said reception seat (7), and being mutually connected by means of a kinematic system which permits them, when they are found in said open rest position, to confer a generally open-ring shape to said reception seat (7), through whose lateral opening (8) the connection sleeve (C) can be inserted and extracted by lateral movement.

Abstract: A fixturing system (10) for use with a frame-straightening repair bench (30) that assists in properly positioning fixture bases and providing verification of repairs. The fixturing system includes fixture bases, support assemblies (14), locating members (16), designed to couple with specific control points, and securing mechanisms to secure the vehicle during repair. The alignment targets and verification system provide proof that the fixturing system and replacement parts are properly positioned. If a repair cannot be made by pulling, the damaged areas of the vehicle can be removed and the fixturing system can help position and hold replacement parts until the repair is made substantially permanent, and the alignment targets and verification system provide proof that the repair is accurately made.

Abstract: A latch and handle arrangement for a panel that provides a number of functions. The arrangement including a lever arm that functions as both a handle and a latch release in some panel and frame embodiments. The lever arm also functioning as a fastener cover in other panel and frame embodiments.

Abstract: A disposable absorbent article comprises an outer cover, and an absorbent member attached to the skin facing side of the outer cover. The absorbent member includes an absorber. At least a crotch zone of the outer cover is subjected to a softening process for softening a material of the outer cover.

Abstract: An air-cooled electronic device includes a device housing having a bottom surface, and a motorized fan having a fan housing having a mounting hole, and having a hook projection secured to the bottom surface, the hook projection shaped and dimensioned to engage the mounting hole, and having an abutment, with the abutment, the hook and the mounting hole being arranged to secure the fan housing in a position without screws, rivets, or other hardware.

Abstract: The invention relates to the attachment of a multiple-conductor electronic cable to an electronic circuit in a sealed housing. The cable is placed in a sheath of a heat-deformable material and the method comprises the following steps: placing a rigid bushing (40) with a protruding collar (48) on the exposed end of the cable, heating the end in a conical mold or softening the sheath, inserting the bushing between the cable conductors and the softened sheath, the collar of the bushing pushing the sheath material until the conical portion of the mold is filled, cooling the sheath for solidifying it, extracting the end of the cable from the mold, the end having a conical portion with an increasing diameter ending with the protruding collar, inserting the cable in the housing opening from the inside before closing the housing. The invention can be used or an intra-oral dental radiology sensor.

Abstract: There is provided fiber drop terminal (“FDT”) assemblies for providing selective connections between optical fibers of distribution cables and optical fibers of drop cables, such as in multiple dwelling units. The FDT assemblies include a mounting plate that enables the FDT to be conveniently and securely mounted to a generally vertical surface, such as a wall. The mounting plate is structured such that the base of the FDT must be removed before the mounting plate can be removed, and the cover of the FDT is structured that neither the base nor the mounting plate can be removed without first removing the cover. The cover may be selectively locked to the base and/or mounting plate with a locking fastener; therefore, only technicians able to remove the locking fastener may remove the cover, base, and/or mounting plate of the FDT assembly.

Abstract: An acoustic mirror of alternately arranged layers of high and low acoustic impedances is manufactured in that a basic material having a first layer of the layer sequence is initially provided, on which a second layer of the layer sequence is created on the first layer such that the second layer of the layer sequence partially covers the first layer. Subsequently, a planarization layer is applied onto the layer sequence, and the planarization layer is removed in an area which in the common layer plane projects laterally beyond the second layer so as to result in a residual planarization layer. Finally, a termination layer is applied onto the layer sequence and the residual planarization layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a motor includes the steps of a) winding a coil wire on a stator core, and forming a stator; b) press fitting the stator formed in step a) inside the a casing; and c) sealing at least axial ends of the stator press fit inside the casing with resin.

Abstract: One preferred method for use in making a device structure with use of the resist channel shrinking solution includes the steps of forming a first pedestal portion within a channel of a patterned resist; applying a resist channel shrinking solution comprising a resist channel shrinking film and corrosion inhibitors within the channel of the patterned resist; baking the resist channel shrinking solution over the patterned resist to thereby reduce a width of the channel of the patterned resist; removing the resist channel shrinking solution; and forming a second pedestal portion within the reduced-width channel of the patterned resist. Advantageously, the oxide layer and the corrosion inhibitors of the resist channel shrinking solution reduce corrosion in the pedestal during the act of baking the resist channel shrinking solution.

Abstract: In sophisticated integrated circuits, an electronic fuse may be formed such that an increased sensitivity to electromigration may be accomplished by including at least one region of increased current density. This may be accomplished by forming a corresponding fuse region as a non-linear configuration, wherein at corresponding connection portions of linear segments, the desired enhanced current crowding may occur during the application of the programming voltage. Hence, increased reliability and more space-efficient layout of the electronic fuses may be accomplished.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a fuel cell catalyst layer which has a large specific surface area and high activity and which includes the steps of: forming a dendritic structural member including a catalyst precursor by a vapor phase method; providing a coating layer on a surface of the dendritic structural member; and subjecting the dendritic structural member having the coating layer provided thereon to a reduction treatment. The dendritic structural member including a catalyst precursor is a dendritic structural member including platinum oxide or a dendritic structural member containing a composite oxide of platinum oxide and an element except platinum.

Abstract: A die ejector comprises a chamber which can be subjected to vacuum and comprises a cover plate having a hole, a plurality of plates which are arranged in the interior of the chamber, protrude into the first hole and are jointly and also individually displaceable in a direction extending perpendicularly or in an oblique way in relation to the surface of the cover plate, and drive means in order to displace the plates. The drive means comprise a drive mechanism which comprises a motor and a pin which can be moved along a predetermined path and which is movable by the motor between two positions back and forth. Each of the plates comprises a path-like opening. The pin is guided through the path-like opening of each of the plates. The path-like opening is different from plate to plate in such a way that the plates are displaced in a predetermined sequence in the mentioned direction when the pin is moved along the path.

Abstract: An arrangement for securing at least one screw of an electric terminal includes a deformable insulating housing element, and at least one shaft having a shaft wall extending vertically in the housing element. The shaft wall includes profiling in an area thereof. The shaft is configured to receive a screw having a screw-head so that the screw is countersunk. The profiling is elastically deformable and configured to deform during insertion of the screw and to elastically return towards an interior of the shaft so as to secure the screw. At least one of the shaft and the screw has a non-circular shape.

Abstract: An insulation displacement connector having two deformable tangs forming a receiving pocket in which a wire may be placed, the deformable tangs adapted to be curled around the wire to create a secure connection that is resistant to disconnection by movement. Also disclosed is a method for creating the secure connection. A solenoid assembly that employs the disclosed insulation displacement connector that reduces the risk of a disconnection is also described. Also disclosed is a device that secures wires to the disclosed insulation displacement connector.

Abstract: A reinforced medical electrical lead for neurological applications has a reinforced construction for resisting the detachment of electrodes and lead connection terminals, thereby improving the robustness of the lead and extending the life of the lead by reducing the likelihood that a further surgical procedure will be required to remove the lead for repair or replacement thereof. The present reinforced lead construction maintains the integrity of the electrical connection between the conductor and the respective electrode and lead connection terminal by incorporating several reinforcing features in the lead construction in contrast to conventional lead constructions where it is possible to pull the electrodes and lead connection terminals away from their contact points with relatively little force.

Abstract: A connection portion of a z-axis interconnector is assembled into contact with a plurality of aligned vias in a corresponding plurality of stacked printed circuit boards by gripping and pulling a leader portion of the interconnector connected to the connection portion, to move the interconnector into the final position with the connection portion contacting the aligned vias. The leader portion is severed from the connection portion after the interconnector is moved into the final position. A single pulling and cutting tool which accomplishes these functions preferably does so by a single pinch and cut device having opposing blades which partially penetrate into the leader portion to grip the leader portion, which fully penetrated through the leader portion to sever the leader portion, and which are moved toward and away from the plurality of stacked printed circuit boards to pull the interconnector and to reposition for severing the leader portion.

Abstract: A component placement device suitable for placing a component on a substrate comprises at least one component feeder, at least one substrate conveyor as well as at least one component pickup and placement device for picking up a component from the component feeder and placing said component on a substrate supported by the substrate conveyor.

Abstract: An inkjet head manufacturing method is disclosed. The method of manufacturing an inkjet bead including a plurality of chambers, configured to contain ink; and an actuator, configured to provide pressure to the chamber, which includes forming a piezoelectric element on one side of the inkjet head that is adjacent to the chambers; forming the actuator(s) by dicing the piezoelectric element such that the piezoelectric element is divided and placed corresponding to a position of the chamber(s); and etching one side of the inkjet head such that a part of the piezoelectric element remaining between the adjacent actuators, can manufacture an inkjet head having a thin-film actuator reducing the cross talk by removing a part of the piezoelectric element remaining between the actuators of the inkjet head.

Abstract: An ink jet head is formed of a nozzle material composed of a condensation product comprising a hydrolysable silane compound having a fluorine-containing group and a photo-polymerizable resin composition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembling an exhaust component includes providing a substrate assembly with a substrate body and a mat wrapped around the substrate body. A gauging system is used to determine a hoop stress for the substrate assembly and is used to predict a shrinking diameter for an outer shell that is to receive the substrate assembly based on the hoop stress.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a grating. The method of the present invention includes fitting a plastic deformable lateral member (2) having a hollow pipe shape into coupling holes (10) formed through respective longitudinal members (4) in a lateral direction of the longitudinal members; holding the lateral member and the longitudinal members; and passing a forming weight (12) through the lateral member (2) from a first end of the lateral member to a second end thereof using a relatively large external force. Here, the forming weight has a predetermined size suitable for passing through the lateral member to expand the cross-sectional area of the lateral member such that the lateral member is plastic-deformed.

Abstract: The combo disposable razor and shaving lubricant dispenser includes an elongated handle defining a cavity holding shaving lubricant. The handle defines a slider track and an opening for dispensing the shaving lubricant from the cavity. A pusher is movably positioned in the cavity and pushes the shaving lubricant out the opening. A slider is connected to the pusher and is positioned over the slider track and outside the cavity. In one embodiment, a permeable bladder holds the shaving lubricant and is positioned in the cavity. A second embodiment has sealing material covering the slider track in order to keep the shaving lubricant fresh. A third embodiment has two tubular cavities, two slider tracks, and two pushers that are individually movably in each of the cavities by a slider connected to each of the pushers. Two straw-shaped tubes hold the shaving lubricant and are positioned in each of the cavities.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a shaving implement includes a shaving cartridge and a handle. The shaving cartridge includes a frame and a separable lubrication. The separable lubrication includes a shaving aid. The shaving cartridge is pivotable relative to the handle between a neutral position (see e.g., FIG. 1) and a rearward position (see e.g, FIG. 2), and the separable lubrication is pivotable relative to the frame between a forward position (see e.g., FIGS. 1 and 2) and a locked position. During normal shaving, the separable lubrication is rotated toward the forward position and can pivot relative to the handle with the frame. When the separable lubrication is in the locked position, the separable lubrication is located in a position away from the skin during normal shaving and the pivoting of the frame relative to the handle is generally limited, or altogether eliminated.

Abstract: An eating utensil such as a disposable plastic fork, spoon or knife, or combination thereof, is combined with a dental cleaning device such as a toothpick and/or a dental flosser for personal use after eating in a location where dental hygiene items may not be otherwise available. In some embodiments the dental cleaning device may be permanently attached to the eating utensil, which can serve as a handle for using the dental cleaning device; in other embodiments the dental cleaning device may be removed in a snap-off manner for convenient deployment independent of the eating utensil, optionally configured with a thumb-finger tab.

Abstract: A hand tool for a craft knife has a handle, a blade tray and a connector. The handle has a mounting chamber, a mounting tube, a cap, a socket bit and an ejector tube. The blade tray is mounted in the mounting chamber and the mounting tube of the handle and has a base and a casing. The base has two mounting protrusions formed on an internal surface of the base. The casing is pivotally mounted in the base and has two mounting holes and a blade chamber. The connector is detachably connected to the handle and has a socket bar, a clamping tube and a pressing tube. The socket bar is detachably mounted in the socket bit. The clamping tube is mounted securely in the socket bar. The pressing tube is mounted around the clamping tube and presses against the socket bar and the clamping tube.

Abstract: An eating utensil such as a disposable plastic fork, spoon, knife, or combination thereof, is combined with at least one oral cleaning device such as a toothpick, interdental pick, brush, tongue cleaner and/or a dental flosser for personal use after eating in a location where oral cleaning facilities may not be otherwise available. In some embodiments the oral cleaning device may be permanently attached to the eating utensil, which can serve as a handle for using the oral cleaning device. In other embodiments the oral cleaning device may be displaced in a snap-off or bend-away manner at score lines to expose the oral cleaning device for use, either still attached to the utensil or removed for separate use, optionally configured with a thumb-finger grip tab.

Abstract: A pair of hairdressing scissors capable of adjusting the amount of hair cut comprises a first blade, a second blade and an adjustment member. The adjustment member is pivotally mounted on the first blade. The second blade is eccentrically pivoted on the adjustment member. The adjustment member can be rotated to change the relative position and the contact area between the two blades, thus changing the amount of hair cut.

Abstract: Described embodiments relate to a convertible cutting instrument with improved safety. In particular, some embodiments relate to a convertible cutting instrument that may be safely handled while blades of the cutting instrument are in a closed position, with no exposed cutting edges. Some further embodiments relate to a convertible cutting instrument that comprises only two cutting edges, both of which are inwardly-facing when the cutting instrument is in a dual-blade configuration. This may render the cutting instrument safer for use as a pair of scissors or shears. A conversion mechanism may be used to convert an inwardly-facing cutting edge into an outwardly facing cutting edge, so that the cutting instrument may be used as a knife.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adjustment device for manual cutting tools. The cutting tool for which the device is intended preferably takes the form of a pruning shears having two arms (2) with the respective cutting blades (3 and 4) thereof hinged to one another by a transverse bolt (6) forming the main element of the device. The corresponding nut (7) for locking the hinge bolt (6) is provided with a transverse hole (11) into which a locking screw (10) is screwed, thereby enabling the hinge to be adjusted. The nut (7) and the locking screw (10) are positioned in a recess in the cutting blade (4) such that the nut (7) cannot rotate when the bolt (6) is being manipulated using a protrusion (14) of the nut (7) housed in a cavity (15) in the cutting blade (4). The through-hole provided in the cutting blade (3) for the bolt (6) includes a bush (13) which enables the bolt (6) to be better adjusted in the hole.

Abstract: A power tool can utilize a handle that engages with a large portion of the housing and can distribute the stresses incurred by the handle over a larger area. The handle of the power tool can be a stick handle or a guard handle. The handle may be utilized to position sensors therein at positions that are remote from the working bit of the power tool. Accessory handles, such as a bail handle and a side handle, can be mounted to a single set of machined passages on the housing.

Abstract: A blade release mechanism for a folding utility knife is provided, and knife comprising: a handle comprising at least two side walls forming an internal space; a blade holding compartment connected to the handle, the blade holding compartment comprising at least two side walls, a first side wall having a cavity for holding a blade, a second side wall having a cavity for holding a blade release device, at least a portion of the blade holding compartment is designed to be situated within the space of the handle during a closed position, the blade holding compartment comprising an aperture leading from the cavity on the first side wall to the cavity on the second side wall; and a blade release device comprising a slidable portion having first and second opposing sides and at least one spring, the device comprises a blade contacting portion situated in the cavity of the second side wall and adapted to fit through the aperture and contact a blade during a locked position, and the first spring is extended to secure

Abstract: A method for making a razor blade having a bent portion is disclosed. The method includes: providing an elongated strip of stainless steel that can be 0.076 mm thick; hardening the strip; providing a cutting edge along an edge of the strip and providing coating(s) on the cutting edge. The stainless steel has a carbon content preferably between 0.45% and 0.55% by weight. The strip is separated lengthwise into discrete razor blades. The bent portion of the razor blade is then formed using a swivel bending process. When the razor blade is bent to define an included angle of 90 degrees between planar regions adjacent the bent portion and an inner surface having a radius about 0.3-0.35 mm, the outer surface of the bent portion is free from macro-cracks.

Abstract: A hand-held hole punch is provided with a handle assembly including a first handle and a second handle. A first jaw is coupled to the first handle and a second jaw is coupled the second handle, where the second jaw is spaced apart from the first jaw. A punch is coupled to one of the jaws and the handle assembly is adapted to actuate the punch. In one embodiment, the handle assembly actuates the punch by movement of at least one of the first and second handles in manner that maintains a substantially parallel relationship of the second handle with the at least a portion of the first handle. In one embodiment, first and second linkages are provided and movement of one of the handles rotates the first and second linkages.

Abstract: A hand-operated jigsaw is disclosed. The reciprocating drive mechanism has a reciprocating body which can be put into a reciprocating motion along an axis via an eccentric of an eccentric wheel that can be set in motion by the motor. The eccentric wheel is arranged on a pivot bearing axis. The reciprocating drive mechanism has an additional mass with a mass center of gravity to minimize vibrations. The additional mass is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner with the eccentric wheel on the pivot bearing axis. An eccentric axis of the eccentric lies on a first radial of the pivot bearing axis, which is offset from a second radial in the operating direction of rotation of the eccentric wheel at an angle of between 190° and 270°, which second radial lies between the mass center of gravity of the additional mass and the pivot bearing axis.

Abstract: An adjustable handle for a tool that can be pivoted “forward and backward,” or “side to side,” and locked in a desired position to facilitate use of the tool and handle, and a woodworking plane with such a handle. The plane may be a small scraping plane that, optionally, includes a camber screw for inducing a camber in the blade, or a lever cap thumb screw threaded into the plane body. The plane may also be a bench, block, shoulder, rabbet or other plane, and the handle may be configured in a wide variety of different shapes.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention concerns a target for use with a measuring instrument in distance measuring and surveying applications. The target includes a base element, at least one light reflecting area arranged at the base element, the at least one light reflecting area being arranged to reflect light beams being incident in an angular area of substantially 360° degrees in plane, and an identification unit arranged at the base element and being adapted to emit signals having predetermined characteristics, wherein the predetermined characteristics may be used to identify the target.

Abstract: A rear sight for archery bows. The rear sight is adjustable to the archer's aiming, non-dominant eye and dominant shooting hand. The sight comprises a mounting bracket, a forward sight positioner, a rear sight positioner, a sight assembly and a light assembly. The mounting bracket and rear sight positioner are configured for selective choosing by the archer to use an aiming eye of the archer in conjunction with an oppositely matched shooting hand. In particular, the sight allows the archer to manipulate the rear sight positioner for left eye/right hand or right eye/left hand handling of the bow for subsequent alignment of the sight with the forward sight.

Abstract: A stage for aligning a workpiece relative to analysing apparatus. The stage has a platform and means for maintaining a workpiece on the platform. The platform is operable to tilt relative to the analysing apparatus and thereby rotate the workpiece relative to the analysing apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring gauge and a method for determining the diameter or cross-sectional area of an object whose cross-sectional shape is adjustable such as, for example, a litz conductor. A first measuring disc comprising a helical slot running around the center of the measurement disc and tapering down is connected in a rotatable fashion by a central axial connection to a second measurement disc comprising a slot running steadily from the vicinity of the center to the edge, the slot tapering in the same direction as the slot of the first measuring disc. A material measure for reading the detected measurement is provided on one of the two measurement discs. When the measurement discs are counter-rotated to one another, the overlapping sections of the slots form an opening into which the object to be measured is inserted, and the size of the opening is altered by counter-rotating the measurement discs to one another.

Abstract: Household-type clothes drying machine provided with a rotating drum (1), first means adapted to circulate a stream of drying air through said drum and comprising an appropriate inflow conduit and an outflow conduit for said air stream, second means (3) adapted to generate a gas or vapour stream, a first delivery pipe conduit (4) connecting said second means with an ejection arrangement located on the inner surface of the loading door of the drum, a second drain pipe conduit (7) adapted to collect the condensed moisture from said ejection arrangement and convey it into a collecting container; said ejection arrangement comprises a substantially sealed cell that is however provided with a first port (9) to enable the gas/vapour stream to flow in from said first delivery pipe conduit, a second port (10) to enable liquid and condensate to flow into said drain pipe conduit, and an ejection window (11) that opens into the interior of said drum and is adapted to eject said gas/vapour stream flowing in from said first

Abstract: [Problem to Be Solved] The present invention realizes and provides a drying hopper which, with the construction of the hopper itself being simplified, allows the absorption capacity of the dry air to be effectively utilized for improving the drying efficiency and the drying time for the resin materials to be shortened.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for drying ceramic green bodies include providing one or more ceramic green bodies in a microwave heating chamber operatively connected to a microwave source and a PLC. The total mass of the ceramic green bodies present in the microwave heating chamber is determined. Microwave energy is generated with the microwave source and transmitted from the microwave source to the microwave heating chamber. A transmitted power of the microwave energy transmitted from the microwave source to the microwave heating chamber is measured with power sensors. The reflected power of reflected microwave energy reflected back from the microwave heating chamber is also measured. The power of the microwave energy transmitted from the microwave source to the microwave heating chamber is adjusted based on the total mass of ceramic green bodies present in the microwave heating chamber, the measured transmitted power and the measured reflected power.

Abstract: A method for monitoring and/or controlling a freeze drying process is characterized by the use of an estimator algorithm. A product to be dried is arranged in at least one container on a temperature-controlled shelf in the drying chamber of a freeze dryer apparatus. During a primary drying phase, the drying chamber is isolated by closing an isolating valve. Pressure values inside the drying chamber are measured and collected for a defined pressure collecting time and a temperature of the temperature-controlled shelf. A product temperature for the product is calculated together with a plurality of process/product related parameters. A new shelf temperature is calculated with a sequence of shelf temperatures up to the end of the primary drying phase that maximizes a sublimation rate of the product in order to maintain the product temperature below a maximum allowable product temperature.

Abstract: A vacuum freeze-drying apparatus capable of rapid drying is provided. A cold trap for drying, which is arranged inside a drying chamber, is set to a low temperature of ?70 degrees Celsius or below, and heat is supplied to frozen particles on a conveyor belt to a degree such that the frozen particles do not melt. The amount of the liquid component evaporating from the frozen particles increases, and the amount of the liquid component entering the frozen particles decreases so that the time for drying the frozen particles is shortened.

Abstract: Humid waste air is produced in heated laundry machines. This humid waste air has a still relatively high temperature. In order for the energy contained in the humid waste air to be recovered, at least in part, the humid waste air is directed through a heat exchanger (12). Condensate is produced in the heat exchanger (12), and it has proven difficult, in the case of known heat exchangers (12), for this condensate to be directed away. Moreover, the humid waste air contains accompanying substances, for example fluff from the treated laundry. These accompanying substances are deposited in known heat exchangers (12), which adversely affect the efficiency of the heat exchanger (12) over time. The invention makes provision for the heat exchanger (12) to be equipped with upright heat-exchanger plates (13), from which the condensate can run off. The condensate can then be discharged in a specific manner out of the heat exchanger (12).

Abstract: A drier for drying wet material includes a drying chamber receiving material to be dried. Heating fluid is flowed generally overall concurrently with the material through at least a portion of the chamber and drying fluid is flowed generally overall countercurrently relative to the material through at least part of the chamber.

Abstract: Three separate models for retaining a women's shoe cover for high heeled and/or fashion shoe apparel and other footwear of various shapes and sizes within an expanding shoe cover, to protect, cover, encase, and improve shoe apparels longevity from environmental weather conditions is disclosed. All three models are manufactured with an elastic rubber-like material which is pliable for shoe cover elasticity, while utilizing a compliant material allowing for multiple colors and translucence. The three separate models vary, while having a sole, a toe portion, an upper portion with an inside portion, and exterior portions adjoined with the heel portion for one continuous integral unit.