Abstract: The invention is directed to novel methods that enhance aquaculture of valuable crops. The invention is exemplified by co-culture of Panaeus vannamei and Enteromorpha clathrata, which produced superior P. vannamei and protected the animals against pathogen infection.

Abstract: Structures constructed from an artificial material facilitate the setting and growing of oysters, other mollusks, and other organisms for the purposes of food production, artificial reefs/breakwaters, and the like. The artificial material is a composite that acts as both an attractant and nutrient environment for mollusks and other aquatic organisms. The binder for the composite material includes both cement and an organic material. The organic material is selected to attract and feed the aquatic organisms.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for storing and transporting small amphibians and reptiles comprised of a housing and novel a lid net member made from a spherical piece of die cut mesh attached to a reinforced border hem which accommodates a draw string, and which further includes a selectively attached net component, said net component having a handle which is anthropometrically proportioned for grasping by a child over the age of three.

Abstract: A level folding enclosure is provided for the secure containment and transport of a household pet. Self-tensioning, self-guided, frame members allow for the easy and taut assembly of the rigid support frame. Level folding allows for easy storage and transport when not in use. The frame is assembled and used within a machine washable fabric cover. Tent-style stake peg loops on the exterior corners of the cover and zipper locks ensure the pet's safety and well being. The fabric cover includes numerous pockets and retention devices for the storage of pet supplies. Access to the enclosed pet is possible through three sides of the six sided enclosure. For convenience a carrying case is provided.

Abstract: A cattle foot-bath system, specifically adapted to mix and charge foot-bath troughs with repeatably precise quantities of chemical treatments. The system administers a concentrated medicinal agent, such as a bactericide, a fungicide, or a viruscide, for the treatment of cattle feet, and includes a day-tank feed valve, which may be a three-way or interlocked valve, for controlling an infeed flow of the concentrated medicinal agent fed into a day tank, which may be mounted to a portable tote-tank containing the concentrated medicinal agent. A day-tank drain valve controls an outlet flow of the concentrated medicinal agent drained from the day-tank, and the day-tank holds a set quantity of the concentrated medicinal agent. A footbath then receives a quantity of dilution water and the set quantity of the concentrated medicinal agent from the day-tank.

Abstract: A clip that grasps loose skin to the nape of the neck of a dog to relax the animal is provided. The clip has two blades pivotally connected, whereby each blade has a jaw section on the ventral side of pivot, a handle section on the dorsal side of the pivot, sufficient cushioning on the lip of each jaw to prevent injury when applied to the animal. An optional embodiment provides a control to lock the blades in position. The clip may be useful in dog grooming or to relax dogs in veterinary medicine.

Abstract: A protecting device for animal restraints comprises a generally planar main piece of flexible, resilient material. The protecting device is provided with an attachment portion configured to allow selective attachment and detachment of opposite sides of the main piece to each other in order to form a generally cylindrical shape. The protecting device is further provided with an irregular outer surface.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus 51 includes a plurality of burners 58, a plurality of fuel supply channels 89, a blower 53, an air supply passage 37, and a pressure regulator 56. The burners 58 are divided into a plurality of burner groups 71. The pressure regulator 56 is branched at a portion located immediately after a gas outlet 31 at downstream of the regulator 56 and connected to the respective fuel supply channels 89, so as to regulate gas supplied at a primary pressure to gas at a secondary pressure in response to a predetermined signal pressure sensed from one selected from a part of the air supply passage 37 and the blower 53 and to discharge the regulated gas through the pressure regulator 56. The fuel supply channels 89 each are configured to perform fuel supply to the respective burner groups 71 and are provided with a switching valve 75 for either shutting off or reducing the fuel supply to at least a part of the burner groups 71.

Abstract: A heat recovery device, particularly for reducing energy consumption in heating sanitary water for residential use or for industrial use by reducing the temperature of the combustion gases and of the particles dispersed by stacks of heating boilers. The device consists of a tubular element, which has an inlet for the water drawn from the aqueduct, which flows along a coil of tubes up to the exit toward the heating boiler. The tubular element also has an opening for the inflow of the combustion gases that arrive from the heating boiler and exit through a second opening after flowing around the coil that contains the water drawn from the aqueduct. The device thus allows savings in heating water for domestic and industrial uses and also allows a reduction in the emission of fine particles.

Abstract: A water level control system for enhancing the controllability of the level of water retained in a steam drum. A water level control section of the system determines the volume of retained water in a steam-water separator from a detected steam flow rate signal by using a function operator and a first order lag circuit, determines a signal representing the mass flow rate balance of water in the steam-water separator by differentiating the volume of retained water with respect to time with a differentiator, generates a compensated signal by adding the signal to the difference between a detected feed water flow rate signal and the detected steam flow rate signal, and properly compensates a valve area demand for a feed water flow control valve.

Abstract: A process and system for recovering waste heat from a kiln used for lime or cement production. The system unifies the kiln, a waste heat recovery and power generation circuit and a dry scrubber for scrubbing the pollutants from the kiln offgas. Essentially, the system employs the boiler component of the waste heat recovery and power generation circuit as a heat exchanger to recover the waste heat from the kiln, which is used to drive the steam turbines. The heat absorption from the latter stage lowers the temperature of the kiln offgas sufficiently for optimum performance from the scrubber. The presence of lime particles in the offgas effectively protects the boiler tube surfaces from corrosion which would occur at optimum scrubber temperatures, and subsequently provides the lime required as a scrubbing medium for the dry scrubber. Further, the efficient scrubbing allows for the use of any fuel for firing the kiln inclusive of high sulphur content compounds.

Abstract: Apparatus for dissociating water into hydrogen and oxygen, comprising a tank and the quantity of water contained in said tank is dissolved. A quantity of a conductivity promoting material suspended or dissolved in said water to form an electrically conductive fluid and a plurality of plates suspended in said electrically conductive fluid and a reactive agent selected from the group consisting of derivatives of vegetable materials, derivatives of highly resinous vegetable materials, derivatives of vegetable materials taken from pinion pine, derivatives of vegetable materials taken from blood of dragon, water soluble derivatives of partially oxidized vegetable materials, water soluble derivatives of partially oxidized highly resinous vegetable materials, water soluble derivatives of partially oxidized vegetable materials taken from pinion pine, and water soluble derivatives of partially oxidized vegetable materials taken from blood of dragon.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to degassing and cleaning of hydrocarbon fuel. Degassing of hydrocarbon fuel is a way to remove the dissolved gases which aid in the oxidization of the fuel as well as the removal of sulfur, water and other particulate matter through radial cavitation. This process allows for both improvements in efficiency as well as decrease in emissions of standard fuel and the re-refining of fuels which have broken down. University of Idaho did a study on the breakdown of diesel fuel and found out that 26% of the efficiency is lost by the 28th day of reefing. In one embodiment, the fuel is subjected to fluid-shear forces and cavitation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards methods and systems for heating an engine, particularly during initial start-up of the engine. In one exemplary embodiment, a heat storage and release system for an engine is provided. The system may include a material capable of super cooling within an operating temperature range of the engine. The material is in thermal communication with the engine and may include an energy input device associated with the material. The energy input device may be configured to input energy to the material causing the material to undergo an exothermic phase change. During the phase change the material releases heat to the engine.

Abstract: An evaporation cycle heat exchange system for a vehicle is provided. The evaporation cycle heat exchange system is a new type of cooling system that cools vehicle electronic components, a fuel cell stack, an internal combustion engine, an automatic transmission, a turbocharger, etc. using an evaporative heat exchanger, thus improving cooling efficiency and reducing the size of components such as a radiator. The evaporation cycle heat exchange system cools coolant circulating through a vehicle cooling system by employing an evaporative heat exchanger in which a working fluid flows by a pressure difference caused by volume expansion and capillary phenomenon. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the cooling efficiency of the entire cooling system, reduce the size of components to comply with pedestrian protection regulations, improve fuel efficiency, and ensure the stability of the system.

Abstract: An outboard motor that facilitates replacement of an impeller of a water pump includes a water pump arranged to pump coolant and a pump driving mechanism arranged to distribute power from a drive shaft to the water pump. At least a portion of the water pump in which an impeller is housed can be detached and attached from the outside of an upper case. The pump driving mechanism distributes power in a direction generally perpendicular to the axial direction of the drive shaft and transmits the power to the water pump.

Abstract: When a cooling airflow used for cooling an engine etc. is discharged to a side of a machine as a discharge airflow, the airflow can be prevented from blowing to trees located at the side of the machine and to walkers passing the side of the machine. A rotary working machine has, inside a bonnet (10), an engine (8) and a discharge type cooling fan (45). An opening (10b) for discharging cooling airflow is provided in a side of the bonnet (10), and a movable louver (50) having blades (52, 52, . . . ) is provided in a duct (48) placed between the opening (10b) and the cooling fan (45).

Abstract: A crankcase ventilation apparatus of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, including an oil-mist separator for the separation of oil from the crankcase ventilation gas of the internal combustion engine and including an assembly for the return of lubricating oil from the oil-mist separator to an oil pan of the internal combustion engine. The oil-mist separator includes at least one preliminary separator and at least one fine separator, wherein the preliminary separator is connected to the oil pan via a first oil return flow passage allowing a continuous flow of oil there through during operation and wherein an oil collection chamber is provided downstream of an oil outlet of the fine separator, said oil collection chamber being connected to the oil pan via a second oil return flow passage which is equipped with a check valve to discontinue the flow of oil during operation.

Abstract: Actuators, and corresponding methods and systems for controlling such actuators, provide independent valve control with a large initial or opening force.

Abstract: The invention relates to an actuating device for two parallel rotating camshafts. The aim of the invention is to optimize the installation space required for such a device. For this purpose, both camshafts (3, 4) consist of two shafts that rotate concentrically one inside the other and that can be rotated in relation to each other. On one end of the camshafts (3, 4), one of the two shafts (3?, 3?; 4?, 4?) is driven by the crankshaft (1) via a single, directly acting force-transmitting element (2). A phase adjuster (5) is provided on the other end of the camshafts (3, 4) and allows the simultaneous adjustment of both shafts (3?, 4?; 3?, 4?) in relation to each other by means of a force-transmitting element (6) acting on the phase adjuster (5).

Abstract: A system is provided for varying a duration of a closing phase of an intake valve of an engine. The system includes a tappet assembly coupled to the intake valve, where the tappet assembly includes a first tappet body and a second tappet body within a guide housing. The system also includes a cam coupled to the main shaft. The cam engages the tappet assembly to initiate the relative oscillation of the first tappet body to the second tappet body. The system also includes a hydraulic piston positioned within the guide housing and coupled to the first tappet body. The hydraulic piston selectively varies a duration of the relative oscillation of the first tappet body to the second tappet body based upon a parameter of a hydraulic fluid supplied to the hydraulic piston, to selectively vary the duration of the closing phase of the intake valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for camshaft adjustment in an internal combustion engine, having a lifting profile element which is provided in a rotationally fixed manner on an axially movable mounted camshaft and which provides a control groove, and having a control unit for generating a predetermined axial movement of the camshaft, wherein the control unit has a tappet unit which is preferably movable radially with respect to the camshaft and which is designed to controllably engage into the lifting profile element, wherein the lifting profile element forms a first control groove which is designed to interact with the tappet unit at a first penetration depth in order to describe a first axial movement of the camshaft, and the lifting profile element forms a second control groove which is designed to interact with the tappet unit at a second penetration depth, which differs from the first penetration depth, in order to describe a second axial movement, which differs from the first axial movement, of the c

Abstract: A drive cam opens or closes an intake valve via a variable mechanism, a split-type rocking cam arm, and a valve actuating mechanism. The variable mechanism varies a position of an intermediate roller corresponding to a rotating angle of a control shaft, thereby variably setting a lift amount of the intake valve. The split-type rocking cam arm includes an input arm and an output arm, and a connection selection mechanism is disposed between the arms. When the arms are connected together, the intake valve performs an ordinary open/close operation. When the arms are disconnected, an input of the drive cam is absorbed by a relative rocking motion between the arms, so that the intake valve is retained in a pause state.

Abstract: A valve drive of an internal combustion engine, with a camshaft including cams for actuating gas-exchange valves, wherein at least one cam, which includes several cam faces, is guided nonrotatably but with freedom of axial movement on the camshaft; wherein a stroke profile, which cooperates with an actuating pin for the axial displacement of the cam or cam piece, is assigned to the associated axially displaceable cam or an axially displaceable cam piece comprising several cams; and wherein the stroke profile of the axially displaceable cam or cam piece in question includes intersecting stroke curves. A guide element is assigned to the end of the actuating pin which can be introduced into the stroke curve of the stroke profile of the associated axially displaceable cam or cam piece, this guide element being supported in such a way that it can rotate or pivot around the axis of the actuating pin.

Abstract: A valve drive of an internal combustion engine with a camshaft including cams for actuating gas-exchange valves, wherein at least one cam, comprising several cam faces, is guided nonrotatably but with freedom of axial movement on the camshaft, wherein a stroke profile, which cooperates with an actuating pin for the axial displacement of the cam, is assigned to the associated axially displaceable cam, and wherein the stroke profile of the axially displaceable cam in question comprises several stroke curves. A first stroke curve and a second stroke curve of the stroke profile are contoured both in the axial direction and in the radial direction such that the contour in the axial direction of the stroke profile of the camshaft is responsible for a defined axial displacement of the associated cam, and the contour in the radial direction of the stroke profile of the camshaft prevents the stroke curves from colliding.

Abstract: A control system of an internal combustion engine changing an operating timing of a valve in an internal combustion engine where a valve drive cam (13) and a pump drive cam (150) are both provided on a valve camshaft (1) is provided. That control system has a device inhibiting the operating timing from being returned in a direction reverse to the direction of the target operating timing during change of the operating timing. Further, in the control system, the relative rotational phases of the valve drive cam and the pump drive cam are set considering utilization of the composite reaction torque of the valve operation drive reaction torque and the fuel pump drive reaction torque acting on the valve camshaft for changing the operating timing in the direction of the target operating timing.

Abstract: A camshaft adjuster which has an improved configuration of the pressure chambers and of the adjoining pressure chamber surfaces is provided, that is attached at the end side to a camshaft (2), coaxially about a camshaft axis (3), and which acts as a transmission element to a drive wheel (4) for rotationally driving the camshaft (2), having an inner wheel (5) which is arranged so as to be rotationally fixed with respect to the camshaft (2) and having an outer wheel (6) which is arranged so as to be rotatable, and coaxial, with respect to the inner wheel (5). At least one inner wheel vane (7) is arranged on the inner wheel (5) and at least one outer wheel vane (8) is arranged on the outer wheel (6), between which inner wheel vane(s) (7) and outer wheel vane(s) (8) are formed pressure chambers (9, 9a).

Abstract: If it is necessary to rapidly change a phase of an intake camshaft and an intake VVT mechanism relatively slow in responsiveness as it is associated with an “A” bank of a V-type, 8-cylinder engine is in operation for at least a predetermined period of time, an ECU executes a program including the step of controlling intake VVT mechanisms to operate those associated with both the “A” bank and a “B” bank.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing oil from draining in an engine oil supply system, which supplies the oil from a main gallery in an engine to diverge into a first oil pipe communicating with an intake side hydraulic lash adjuster and into a second oil pipe communicating with an exhaust side hydraulic lash adjuster, may include an adaptor installed between the first oil pipe and a main oil passage connected to the main gallery, wherein the adaptor is disposed higher than the first oil pipe so as to prevent the oil from draining back, and wherein the second oil pipe is communicated with the mail oil passage through a connection pipe.

Abstract: The object is to provide a lash adjuster that can be easily and repeatedly mounted on a swing arm type valve gear, having an adjusting screw that can be repeatedly held in a pushed-in state with a general-purpose turning tool such as a wrench. A serrated internal thread 24 is formed on the inner circumferential face of a cylindrical body 21 having closed bottom end, and a serrated external thread 26 formed on the outer circumferential face of an adjusting screw 25 engages with the internal thread 24. A return spring 27 is mounted in the body to bias the adjusting screw 27 in the protruding direction. A friction member 31 is provided between the bottom faces of the adjusting screw 25 and the body 21. A spherical pivot portion 32 is formed on the top of the adjusting screw 25, and an engaging hole 33 is formed in the top end of the pivot portion 32.

Abstract: A plunger relay includes a movable actuating element on which a first solenoid actuator is acting in force-transmitting manner. The plunger relay has at least one second solenoid actuator, which is acting on the same movable actuating element in force-transmitting manner, and whose magnetic force is able to be set independently of the magnetic force of the first solenoid actuator.

Abstract: In order to create a starter device (100) for an internal combustion engine of a manually guided engine unit, wherein the device comprises a housing (10) and a cable drum (11) which can be rotated relative to the housing (10) about a rotational axis with a starter pull for starting the engine, and has a recoil spring space (14), which is arranged between the housing (10) and the cable drum (11), for a recoil spring (13), in order to move the cable drum (11) into its original position after a rotational movement of the starter, wherein sealing of the recoil spring space (14) is provided, which starter device on the one hand prevents dirt from penetrating into the recoil spring space and on the other hand has a simple design, it is proposed that the seal (15) is spaced apart radially from the rotational axis (X) to such an extent that the recoil spring space (14) is formed by a wall (16) of the cable drum (11) and an approximately opposite wall (17) of the housing (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to an inlet and exhaust valve arrangement (3) for an internal combustion engine with a valve disc (4) which has at least a passage opening (6) and is arranged drivable by a shaft (7) in a rotating manner in a cylinder head (5), wherein the cylinder head (5) has a valve seat (8) assigned to the top of the valve disc (4, 4a, 4b) and at least a port which, during a rotational movement of the valve disc (4), is cyclically exposed and closed again by at least one passage opening (6) and wherein the valve disc (4) and the valve seat (8) starting from the shaft (7) run in a curved or taper angled way in the direction of the bottom of the valve disc (4). According to the invention the valve disc (4) is elastically bendable whereby during the rotational movement the valve disc (4) is deflected and the edge of the valve disc (4) is moved in the direction of the valve seat (8), defining a self-sealing valve arrangement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of a drop-forged balancing shaft for a mass balancing gear of an internal combustion engine. The balancing shaft has an unbalanced plane formed by the rotational axis thereof and an eccentric mass center of gravity, and at least one bearing journal, the outer lateral surface of which serves as a track for a rolling bearing supporting the balancing shaft in the internal combustion engine. To this end, the balancing shaft is to be forged in a forging die having a parting plane extending in the direction of the rotational axis and rotated in relation to the unbalanced plane.

Abstract: An automobile engine crankshaft that affords further weight reduction of an arm formed integrally with a balancer. The automobile engine crankshaft of the present invention constitutes a structure in which a hollow shaft-shaped journal (15) and pin (14), and an arm (10) formed integrally with a balancer (11) are individually manufactured, and in which ring-shaped bearings are assembled on each of the journal (15) and the pin (14).

Abstract: A fixation structure for a valve system rotation shaft of an internal combustion engine to support a camshaft with a cylinder head through the use of a lower cam holder and cam caps, which are formed separately from the cylinder head. The fixation structure eliminates the necessity of taking special vibration/noise control measures for a head cover thus preventing an increase in the cost, size, and weight of the head cover. A head external wall extends toward the head cover rather than toward a head middle surface in such a manner so as to cover the circumference of the lower cam holder fixed to a head middle surface. The connection to the holder fixation section is established with the base end of an external wall of the head cover abutted on the leading end of the head external wall.

Abstract: A lubrication apparatus of a fuel pump driven by a fuel pump drive cam, which lubricates a tappet moving reciprocally at an interior circumference of a fuel pump adaptor and the fuel pump operating the tappet, may include a cylinder head provided with a camshaft, an oil supplying passage formed in the camshaft as a hollow type so as to take oil to the interior of the camshaft, at least an oil branch passage formed to a cam lobe of the fuel pump drive cam so as to be communicated with the oil supplying passage, and a circular groove formed at the interior circumference of the fuel pump adaptor and corresponding to an injection direction of the oil supplied from the at least an oil branch passage.

Abstract: The lubricating oil composition contains a base oil, a phosphate ester derivative represented by a formula (1) below and a zinc compound. An element ratio (Zn/P) between zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) in the lubricating oil composition is 0.55 or more at a mole ratio. In the formula, Y represents S (sulfur) or O (oxygen); R1 represents an organic group having 4 to 24 carbon atoms; R2 represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and n represents an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method which uses an injection mould for the production of an intake system which is composed of plastic and is intended for internal combustion engines, and which has a plurality of parallel-running intake pipes and which has, arranged in the intake pipes, throttle flaps operated by way of a shared shaft bearing against bearings located in the walls of the intake pipe. A simplified production process is obtained if two mandrels (1, 2) of the injection mould, intended for formation of apertures for the bearings, are inserted respectively from one side of the injection mould in such a way that ends of the mandrels (1, 2) bear against one another in the injection mould, and if the method of production of apertures situated further outwards, with respectively greater diameter than the adjacent inwardly situated apertures is such that each mandrel (1, 2) is of staged shape, and the mandrels (1, 2) are drawn out during demoulding at the two sides of the injection mould.

Abstract: A control system for an engine having a cylinder is disclosed having an engine valve movable to regulate a fluid flow of the cylinder and an actuator associated with the engine valve. The control system also has a controller in communication with the actuator. The controller is configured to receive a signal indicative of engine speed and compare the engine speed signal with a desired engine speed. The controller is also configured to selectively regulate the actuator to adjust a timing of the engine valve to control an amount of air/fuel mixture delivered to the cylinder based on the comparison.

Abstract: A method and a device for setting an afterglow temperature in a self-igniting internal combustion engine, the afterglow temperature being reduced in a defined operating state of the internal combustion engine until a modification of an operating parameter as a result of the reduction of the afterglow temperature is required in order to maintain the defined operating state, in particular in order to maintain the injected fuel quantity.

Abstract: A control system for an engine having a first cylinder and a second cylinder is disclosed having a first engine valve movable to regulate a fluid flow of the first cylinder and a first actuator associated with the first engine valve. The control system also has a second engine valve movable to regulate a fluid flow of the second cylinder and a sensor configured to generate a signal indicative of a pressure within the first cylinder. The control system also has a controller that is in communication with the first actuator and the sensor. The controller is configured to compare the pressure within the first cylinder with a desired pressure and selectively regulate the first actuator to adjust a timing of the first engine valve independently of the timing of the second engine valve based on the comparison.

Abstract: To prevent back bleed in a carburetor including a slow fuel passage branched from a main fuel passage, in a carburetor for an engine in which a slow air intake port to introduce air into a slow air bleed passage opens on the side of a suction passage; a slow fuel passage is connected in the middle of a main fuel passage on the upstream side, joins the slow air bleed passage on the downstream side, and has an open end on the side of the suction passage; and the main fuel passage opens in a state where a main nozzle projects in a venturi part of the suction passage, wherein the slow air intake port is opened at a predetermined position of the venturi part having an inner diameter equal to or less than that of the suction passage at a position where the main fuel passage opens.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel-metering arrangement for the mixture-forming unit (2) of an internal combustion engine (10) in a portable handheld work apparatus. The mixture-forming unit comprises a fuel store (30), a switchable valve (40) and a fuel channel (20) which opens into an intake region of the engine (10). The valve (40) has an inflow port (41) which is connected to the fuel store (30) and an outflow port (42) which is connected to the fuel channel (20). A fuel column is mechanically moved by the switching of the valve. In order to compensate for this fuel column, the outflow port (42) is connected via a bypass channel (45) to the inflow port (41) and a flow valve (46) is mounted in the bypass channel (45). The flow valve (46) opens in flow direction (48) from the outflow port (42) to the inflow port (41) and blocks in the direction opposite thereto.

Abstract: A high vapor pressure liquid fuel (e.g. LPG) injection system is provided that keeps the fuel liquid at all expected operating temperatures by use of a high pressures pump capable of at least 2.5 MPa pressures. The fuel can be injected directly into the cylinder or into the inlet manifold of an engine via axial or bottom feed injectors and also could be mixed with a low vapor pressure fuel (e.g. diesel) to be injected similarly. The fuel, mixed or unmixed, can be stored in an accumulator under high pressure assisting in keeping the engine running during fuel changeovers and injection after a period of time as in re-starting the engine. The same injectors can be used to inject any of the fuels or mixtures of them.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the quantity of fuel over a common rail diesel engine includes a wave speed correction map correcting a wave speed and a time corrector, a first adder multiplying the corrected wave speed by an injection time difference, a base correction map using an output of the first adder and a former injection quantity as input variables, an amplitude map using a following injection quantity and a rail pressure as input variables, and a second adder multiplying a base correction map value of the base correction map by an amplitude map value of the amplitude map, and outputting a finally corrected value of the fuel quantity.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a fuel injection system. The injection system comprises a source (1) of pressurized fuel positioned outside an oil-wetted space (2) of an engine (4) and a fuel injector (5) positioned within Go said space (2). An engine component (7) that is a part of an engine system other than the fuel injection system is attached to the engine outside the oil-wetted space (2) by means of a fastener (9). The fastener (9) is provided with an internal passage forming part of a hydraulic communication between the source (1) of pressurized fuel and the injector (5).

Abstract: The present invention is provides a fuel injector having a hydraulically actuated injection pin, also referred to as an injector stem. In accordance with invention, the fuel injector provides for more efficient fuel combustion within internal combustion engines, such as vehicle engines. According to various embodiments of the invention, the fuel injector achieves efficient fuel combustion by (i) fast and responsive actuation, (ii) heating the fuel to a supercritical temperature, (iii) maintaining fuel at a supercritical pressure, and (iv) using a catalyst in the oxidization of the fuel. Some embodiments of the invention utilize a dual solenoid to actuate the fuel injector pin and a heating element to heat the fuel to a supercritical temperature.

Abstract: A reciprocating engine (10) operating on the two stroke cycle, comprising a pair of stationary and substantially concentrically aligned mutually opposed pistons (13, 15) and a sleeve (11) adapted to reciprocate about these static pistons. The reciprocating sleeve (11) defining two cavities, each cavity being operatively connected to one of the pistons to define a chamber. The first chamber being a pre-charge chamber (21) and having at least one inlet port (25), and the second chamber being a combustion chamber (19) and having at least one outlet port (35), the two chambers being separated by a pressure operated transfer valve (23). The reciprocating motion of the sleeve (11) can be converted into rotary motion.

Abstract: A delivery unit for delivering fuel from a fuel reservoir to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. The delivery unit includes a fuel pump arranged in a swirl pot, a fuel filter arranged downstream of the fuel pump, and a valve arranged in the swirl pot. The valve is arranged downstream of the fuel filter and in a zone of the swirl pot that is continuously filled with fuel.