Abstract: A combustion chamber including: a flame tube having, in the direction of flow, a mixing zone for mixing a fuel with air to form a fuel-air mixture, as well as a primary combustion zone and a post-primary combustion zone, at least one opening being provided in the area of the mixing zone and in the area of the post-primary combustion zone in order to conduct compressed air into the flame tube, wherein supplied compressed air is used to cool the flame tube and, via the openings in the area of the mixing zone and in the area of the post-primary combustion zone, passes partly into the mixing zone and into the post-primary combustion zone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fuel injection system, including: a fuel injection module including a primary fuel injector and one or more secondary fuel injectors disposed around the primary fuel injector; an air supply module for supplying air to the fuel injection module inwardly and outwardly; and a fuel supply module for supplying fuel to the fuel injection module, wherein the fuel injection module serves to generate multistage flames in a burner by forming a rich fuel flame region using the primary fuel injector and forming a lean fuel flame region behind the rich fuel flame region using the secondary fuel injectors through a burning process of gasifying secondary fuel.

Abstract: A swirler arrangement for injecting a fluid into a tubular swirling chamber is provided. The swirler arrangement includes a first radial swirler device and a second radial swirler device. The swirler arrangement is fixed around an internal circulation zone of the tubular swirling chamber. The first radial swirler device includes first vanes, wherein the first vanes are formed to inject the fluid into the internal circulation zone with a first injecting angle. The second radial swirler device includes second vanes, wherein the second vanes are formed to inject the fluid into the internal circulation zone with a second injecting angle. The first injecting angle and the second injecting angle are defined by an angle between an injecting direction of the fluid and the tangential direction along the inner surface. A method of injecting a fluid into a tubular swirling chamber by the swirler arrangement is also provided.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine augmenter has a gas flowpath. A number of vanes extend into the gas flowpath. A number of augmenter fuel conduits have outlets along at least some of the vanes. At least one burner discharge outlet is along at least one of the vanes for discharging a pilot gas.

Abstract: One aspect relates to a hybrid propulsive technique, comprising providing a flow of a working fluid through at least a portion of an at least one jet engine. The at least one jet engine includes an at least one turbine section, wherein the at least one turbine section includes at least one turbine stage. The at least one turbine stage includes an at least one turbine rotor and an at least one independently rotatable turbine stator. The hybrid propulsive technique further involves extracting energy at least partially in the form of electrical power from the working fluid, and converting at least a portion of the electrical power to torque. The hybrid propulsive technique further comprises rotating an at least one at least one independently rotatable turbine stator at least partially responsive to the converting the at least a portion of the electrical power to torque.

Abstract: A method is described for the start-up of a gas turbine comprising the phases of effecting a preliminary purging cycle of the discharge duct (28) of the turbine (20), establishing a predetermined minimum value (FSR1) for the flow of gaseous fuel entering the combustor (14) for a period of time which is adequate for effecting a first attempt at ignition and effecting a first attempt at ignition, effecting an intermediate purging cycle of the discharge duct (28), interrupting the flow of gaseous fuel to the combustor (14), and progressively increasing the value (FSRn) of the flow of gaseous fuel entering the combustor (14), effecting further attempts at ignition until the mixture of air/gaseous fuel has been ignited and the consequent start-up of the turbine (20), or until a predetermined maximum value (FSRmax) of the flow of gaseous fuel has been reached.

Abstract: This invention relates to the recovery of carbon dioxide (26) and hydrogen (3,24) concentrated form from shifted a synthesis gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide thereby generating a carbon dioxide stream that is sequestered or used for enhanced oil recovery and a hydrogen stream that is used as fuel for a power plant thereby generation electricity. In the process of the present invention a shifted synthesis gas stream is fed to a hydrogen selective membrane separation unit (M101) at a pressure of at least 50 bar gauge and the hydrogen rich permeate stream (3) is fed directly to the combustor of a gas turbine without any requirement to re-compress the hydrogen. The residual gas stream (carbon dioxide enriched stream) from the membrane separation unit is cooled using at least one, preferably, at least two external refrigeration stages (E-101, E-102, E-103, E-104) such that the hydrogen containing offgas (24) is also obtained at above the operating pressure of the combustor of the gas turbine.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention takes the form of a method and system that may reduce the level of SOx emissions by recirculating a portion of the exhaust of at least one turbomachine; the portion of exhaust may be mixed with the inlet air prior to re-entering the turbomachine. An embodiment of the present invention may incorporate an inlet bleed heat system to reduce the likelihood of the liquid products forming from SOx emissions. Here, a method may maintain a temperature of the inlet fluid above a condensation temperature.

Abstract: A bleed air duct that preferably includes an inlet section configured to include a flush scoop and a louver. The louver is located and configured such that in the desired operating flow range of the duct, the fluid entering the flush scoop is disturbed and as a result creates a low pressure region downstream of the louver. The low pressure region substantially eliminates the generation of any pressure pulses and acoustic resonance also known as Helmholtz resonance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixer (100) for a separate-stream nozzle of a turbojet, the mixer being designed to mix a hot inner stream from the combustion chamber of the turbojet with a cold outer stream from the fan of the turbojet. The mixer comprises an inner shroud (120) defining a flow channel for said hot inner stream, an outer shroud (110) disposed around the inner shroud (120) and co-operating therewith to define a flow channel for said cold outer stream, and a lobed structure (130) having lobes (1321, 1322) extending longitudinally from the trailing edges (110a, 120a) of said shrouds. The lobed structure (130) is made of a ceramic matrix composite material and is attached to the outer shroud (110) by flexible fastener tabs (140).

Abstract: A combustion chamber arrangement is described for operating a gas turbine, with a combustion chamber wall which encloses the combustion chamber space and in the region of the combustion chamber outlet encloses a flow passage for hot gases which develop inside the combustion chamber, has a combustion chamber wall edge which freely terminates in the axial flow direction of the hot gases. The combustion chamber wall edge is formed with a profile which blocks or at least inhibits a diffuser effect when a cooling air flow, which is guided axially through the flow passages into the annular spatial area, flows over the combustion chamber wall edge.

Abstract: A refrigerator is provided. The refrigerator may include a body having a storage room, an ice making chamber formed separately from the storage room, and a thermoelectric-module provided in the ice making chamber to generate cold air. The thermoelectric-module does not require a cold air duct to cool the ice making chamber. As a result, space utilization is improved and a capacity of the refrigerator is improved. In addition, energy efficiency may be enhanced because a heater is not required to remove the frost from a cold air duct.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for generating gaseous hydrocarbon stream from a liquefied hydrocarbon stream (10) such as liquefied natural gas, the method at least comprising the steps of: a) feeding a liquefied hydrocarbon stream (10) at an inlet (21) of a storage tank (2) to provide a liquefied hydrocarbon in the storage tank (2); b) removing at least a part (40) from the liquefied hydrocarbon from the storage tank (2) to provide a removed liquefied hydrocarbon stream (40); c) passing at least a part of the removed liquefied hydrocarbon stream (40) to a line (10, 20) downstream of an expander (4) and upstream of the inlet (21) of the storage tank (2); d) generating and removing a gaseous hydrocarbon stream (50, 60) as fuel gas. The method according to the present invention is particularly suitable for starting up a liquefaction plant.

Abstract: Contemplated plant configurations and methods employ a vaporized and supercritical LNG stream at an intermediate temperature that is expanded, wherein refrigeration content of the expanded LNG is used to chill one or more recompressor feed streams and to condense a demethanizer reflux. One portion of the so warmed and expanded LNG is condensed and fed to the demethanizer as reflux, while the other portion is expanded and fed to the demethanizer as feed stream. Most preferably, the demethanizer overhead is combined with a portion of the vaporized and supercritical LNG stream to form a pipeline product.

Abstract: An exchangeable air-conditioning unit (1) is described for attachment to mobile equipment. The air-conditioning unit includes a compressor (5) operable to compress a refrigerant and a hydraulic motor (17) operable to drive the compressor. Hydraulic fittings (11) are provided in fluid communication with the hydraulic motor for transporting hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic fittings (11) are adapted to be releasably connected to a hydraulic system of the mobile equipment. Refrigerant fittings (7) are provided in fluid communication with the compressor for transporting refrigerant. The refrigerant fittings (7) are adapted to be releasably connected to a refrigeration circuit of the mobile equipment. An enclosure (3) houses the compressor and hydraulic motor and has at least one releasable connector (21) for releasably connecting the enclosure to the mobile equipment. The exchangeable unit may be pre-charged with gas in and stored in readiness for attachment to the mobile equipment.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a service method and a service device (50) for a liquid cooling system (1) of an aircraft, the service device (50) being adapted to send at least one instruction to a liquid cooling control device (10) of the liquid cooling system (1). A plurality of service lines (52, 54, 56, 58, 62) are then connected between the service device (50) and the to liquid cooling system (1). The entire liquid cooling system (1) or a sub-system (12) can then be filled, emptied, deaerated and checked in respect of a leakage. Further, it is possible to set the fill level of a reservoir (8) and to service a fill-level sensor (99) of the reservoir (8).

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed which sterilizes an evaporator of an automotive HVAC system depending on whether the vehicle engine starts.

Abstract: An oscillatory wave generating unit and an oscillatory wave sensing unit are installed at both ends of a refrigerant pipe of an evaporator of the cooling system, an amount of frost formed on the refrigerant pipe is determined by comparing a wave form of an oscillatory wave generated from one end of the refrigerant through the oscillatory wave generating unit and a wave form of the oscillatory wave sensed by the other one end of the refrigerant through the oscillatory wave sensing unit, and whether or not a defrosting operation is performed is determined by a result of the determination. The cooling system increases the accuracy in sensing the amount of the frost formed on the evaporator of a refrigerator, a Kimchi refrigerator, or an air conditioner, and respectively starts and ends the defrosting operation at proper points of time, thus enhancing a heat-exchanging performance and increasing energy efficiency.

Abstract: A spot cooling air conditioner system is for open boats having an open cockpit with seats. A refrigerant compressor is driven by the engine. A condenser includes a cooling water passage and a refrigerant passage in thermal communication. The condenser cooling water is supplied by the engine water pump. An evaporator includes an air passage and a refrigerant passage in thermal communication. Pressure-regulating means is an orifice tube. Drying means includes an accumulator. The compressor, condenser, and evaporator refrigerants are connected. The orifice tube is connected between the condenser and the evaporator. The accumulator is connected between the evaporator and the compressor. Air moving means includes a blower connected to the evaporator air passage. A plurality of ducts is connected to the evaporator. The ducts selectively direct cooled air toward the seats in the open cockpit, thereby spot cooling passengers in the open cockpit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and an apparatus for concentrating dilute solution.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a refrigerator cabinet, at least one compartment disposed within the refrigerator cabinet, a door for providing access to one or more of the at least one compartment, an ice container at the door, an LED housing proximate the ice container, and at least one LED disposed within the LED housing for providing illumination of the ice container. In addition to providing lighting, the at least one LED may used to indicate status information associated with the refrigerator.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus (7200) includes a heat pump circuit (7201) and a power generation circuit (7100). The power generation circuit (7100) includes an evaporator (701) including a first and a second heat exchanger (710a, 710b), a turbine (702), a condenser (703) and a pump (704). The first heat exchanger (710a) absorbs heat rejected from the heat pump circuit (7201) into a power generation circuit (7100) while the second heat exchanger (710b) further heats the fluid. The power generation circuit (7100) includes a bypass (707) which allows a portion of working liquid to enter the turbine (702) without passing through the evaporator (701). A heat pump (704) with similar bypass is also disclosed. Also disclosed are dual stage turbine design and a nozzle (10300) for a turbine which includes two fluid paths (1011, 1014) that adapted to receive and mix the liquid and vapour streams of working fluid, so that the liquid working fluid is vaporized by the heat from the vapour working fluid.

Abstract: A multi-function cooler apparatus and system integrated with one or more of the following elements: clock/time piece, flashlight, compass, CD/DVD player, IPOD®, speakers, lantern, computer and the like. The clock may be mounted in several different ways (Velcro®, snaps, threads) and may take on various appearances (round or square). The flashlight may be detachably mounted into the handle using snaps or Velcro®. The compass may be mounted in a similar fashion as the timepiece. Similarly, the cooler and the lid may take on a variety of configurations in support of the on-board features.

Abstract: To provide a more comfortable vehicle cabin space for a passenger. In a vehicle humidifying/dehumidifying device 10, when a control unit 26 is switched to an “intermittent operation mode”, a pair of heat exchange elements 28A and 28B are heated simultaneously and intermittently. Additionally, this allows humidified air to be generated by both of the pair of heat exchange elements 28A and 28B when the pair of heat exchange elements 28A and 28B are being heated simultaneously by a heater 30. Consequently, in comparison to a case where the humidified air is generated alternately by the heat exchange elements 28A and 28B, the humidifying amount imparted to the humidified air when the humidified air is generated by a humidifying/dehumidifying unit 16 can be increased. Thus, it becomes possible to perform humidifying amount control corresponding to various situations in a vehicle cabin, and it becomes possible to provide a more comfortable vehicle cabin space for a passenger.

Abstract: A pump assembly and a method for removing condensate from an elevated air conditioner of a transport structure are provided. The air conditioner includes a base pan with a sump. The pump assembly includes a pump, a suction line and a discharge line. The pump is configured to be in electrical communication with the air conditioner. The suction line enters the pump and is configured to be in fluid communication with the sump. The discharge line exits the pump and is configured to be in fluid communication with a hose of a drainage means of the transport structure. The pump operatively moves condensate in the sump to the hose of the drainage means to remove the condensate from the transport structure.

Abstract: A cooling device may be disposable in front of a fan. The cooling device may comprise a container fillable with fluid or material capable of being chilled to a temperature below ambient temperature. The container may have a plurality of through holes through which air blown by the fan may flow through. As the air flows through the through holes, heat is transferred from the air to the chilled container to provide chilled air. The cooling device may have a system for routing water condensate. Additionally, the cooling device may have a base and tray for collecting the water condensate.

Abstract: A refrigerator is provided. The refrigerator may include first and second refrigerant paths that separately distribute refrigerant, a first cooling chamber connected with a first cold air duct, a second cooling chamber connected with a second cold air duct, and a third cooling chamber connected with a third cold air duct. Cold air generated by a first evaporator is provided to the first cold air duct to cool the first cooling chamber, cold air generated by a second evaporator, which receives refrigerant from the first evaporator, is provided to the second cold air duct to provide concentrated cooling to the second cooling chamber, and cold air generated by a third evaporator is provided to the third cold air duct to cool the third cooling chamber.

Abstract: A refrigerator is provided. The refrigerator may include an evaporator that generates cold air supplied to a refrigerating chamber and a freezing chamber, a first fan that supplies the cold air generated by the evaporator to a refrigerating chamber and a freezing chamber of the refrigerator, and a second fan that circulates the cold air within the refrigerating chamber.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a refrigerator housing, a fresh food compartment disposed within the refrigerator housing, a door for providing access to the fresh food compartment, and an ice bin at the door, the ice bin having a window for viewing an ice level within the ice bin. An ice storage bin includes an ice storage bin body having an insulated front, a back, a bottom, opposite sides, and an open top, and a first window pane and a second window pane positioned at the front of the ice storage bin to allow for viewing the ice level within the ice storage bin. There may be an air gap between the first window pane and the second window pane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refrigerator, in which the structure of an ice supply device is improved. The refrigerator includes a main body, in which at least one storage chamber is formed; a door opening and closing the at least one storage chamber; an ice making unit provided on a rear surface of the door to make ice; an ice storage container provided under the ice making unit to store the ice made by the ice making unit; and at least one receiving rack provided on at least one side of right and left sides of the ice making unit or the ice storage container.

Abstract: An insulated icemaking compartment is provided in the fresh food compartment of a bottom mount refrigerator. The icemaking compartment may be integrally formed with the liner of the fresh food compartment, or alternatively, may be modular for installation anywhere in the fresh food compartment. A removable bin assembly with a front cover normally seals the icemaking compartment to maintain the temperature in the compartment. A cold air duct formed in the rear wall of the refrigerator supplies cold air from the freezer compartment to the icemaking compartment. A return air duct directs a portion of the air from the icemaking compartment back to the freezer compartment. An air vent with a damper in the icemaking compartment directs another portion of air into the fresh food compartment. A control system provides for controlling refrigerator functions in a manner that promotes energy efficiency, including movement of the damper between open and closed positions.

Abstract: A refrigerator is provided. The refrigerator may include a cold air generation chamber provided in a body of the refrigerator, the cold air generation chamber having an evaporator installed therein. A cold air duct may form a path through which cold air generated in the cold air generation chamber is circulated to a freezer compartment, and a quick freezer compartment. The quick freezer compartment may be connected with the cold air duct, and may be positioned substantially nearer to the evaporator than the freezer compartment. A damper may be installed in the cold air duct to selectively shut off the flow of cold air to the freezer compartment. The quick freezer compartment may be quickly cooled using cold air directly supplied from the cold air generation chamber. Furthermore, cold air may be directed into the quick freezer compartment by selectively shutting off the supply of cold air into the freezer or refrigerator compartment.

Abstract: An indoor unit for an air conditioning apparatus is provided. The indoor unit includes a cross flow fan having a structure that can reduce noise and flow resistance of air passing through a heat exchanger in the indoor unit.

Abstract: A ventilating device and a refrigerator, more particularly, a ventilating device including a scroll (122) of an optimized structure and a refrigerator having the same are disclosed. The ventilating device includes a ventilation fan for ventilating air, a first duct (130) for allowing some of the air discharged from the ventilation fan to flow therealong, a second (140) duct for allowing at least some of the remaining air, excluding the air discharged from the ventilation fan and flowing along the first duct, to flow therealong, and a scroll for guiding the air discharged from the ventilation fan to the first duct (130) and the second duct (140), the scroll (122) being constructed in the shape of a spiral track in which a coefficient of expansion angle from a cutoff part to at least one of the first (130) and second (140) ducts is 0.35 to 0.4.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide an air conditioning unit that includes an intake vent, an exhaust vent, a return vent, a supply vent, and an economizer assembly including a sliding damper and a partition. The partition includes an opening through which air can flow from the return vent to the supply vent during a mechanical cooling mode. The sliding damper includes a vertical panel capable of moving vertically to close the intake vent and the exhaust vent during the mechanical cooling mode and an angled panel capable of closing the opening in the partition in order to enter an economizer mode.

Abstract: A cold plate including a cold wall, a first cavity, a first pipe, a second cavity, an expansion unit and a second pipe is provided. The first cavity covers on the cold wall to form a first fluid space, and the first pipe is connected with the first cavity. The second cavity is disposed inside the first cavity and covers on the cold wall to form a second fluid space. The expansion unit is disposed between the second cavity and the cold wall to interconnect the first fluid space and the second fluid space. The second pipe is disposed inside the first pipe and connected with the second cavity. Besides, a refrigeration system including the cold plate mentioned above is also provided.

Abstract: An improved bottom mount refrigerator is provided with water and lighting systems housed in a space adjacent the top of the fresh food compartment between a false ceiling and the top wall of the liner. The water system includes a filter manifold, filter cartridge, storage tank, and valve mounted to a bracket. The lighting system, including the fixtures and wiring harness, are also mounted in the bracket. The water and lighting systems are pre-assembled on the bracket, which is then secured to the liner. The false ceiling includes a tank cover, a pivotal filter cover, and a removable light cover. The false drop ceiling hides the water and light systems and the mounting bracket. A front façade closes the gap between the ceiling and the liner. The ceiling and façade provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance for the upper portion of the fresh food compartment of the refrigerator.

Abstract: An on-off valve (70) is provided in an oil feed path (43). When liquid refrigerant enters the oil feed pipe (43) from the oil separator (22), the temperature of the liquid refrigerant whose pressure has been reduced in the on-off valve (70) dramatically decreases. When the amount of such a decrease in temperature detected by a temperature sensor (73) exceeds a specified amount, it is determined that the liquid refrigerant enters the oil feed pipe (43), and the on-off valve (70) is closed.

Abstract: A binary-fluid oscillating-jet pressure exchange ejector and binary-fluid ejector refrigeration cycle as a method of use are disclosed. The ejector includes a high aspect ratio jet nozzle geometry, spatial domain jet modulation, serpentine jet stream morphology and distinct fluid pathway geometry capable of equilibrating or otherwise processing dissimilar fluids. As a method of use, the binary fluid ejector provides a means to substantially optimize the binary fluid set selected or otherwise formulated for employment in a binary-fluid ejector refrigeration cycle exclusively to favor refrigeration thermal performance (COP), without compromising the performance of the ejector itself.

Abstract: A liquid-vapor separating method and a liquid-vapor separating type evaporator, the method includes the following steps: (i) provide a partition device (3) in the upper portion of the evaporated liquid pipe, the partition device (3) divides the evaporated liquid pipe into a superheating section (12) and an evaporating section (13); (ii) a liquid-vapor separating pipe (4) is connected to the superheating section (12) near the partition device (3), an evaporated liquid feeding pipe (6) is connected to the evaporating section (13) near the partition device (3), several vapor guiding pipes (5) are respectively provided in the pipe of the evaporating section (13), the vapor guiding pipes (5) are respectively connected with the liquid-vapor separating pipe (4); vapor inside the pipe can flow out, and is separated into vapor and liquid in the liquid-vapor separating pipe (4), then the vapor enters the superheating section (12) and is superheated; the superheated vapor is discharged from a vapor outlet (11); (iii) th

Abstract: A process for the production of a subcooled liquefied natural gas stream from a natural gas feed stream. Passing a first natural gas feed stream through a first heat exchanger for precooling by heat exchange with a first stream of gaseous refrigerant produced in a first refrigeration cycle comprising a first dynamic expansion turbine. Passing the precooled feed stream through a second heat exchanger for liquefying by heat exchange with a second stream of gaseous refrigerant produced in a second refrigeration cycle comprising a second dynamic expansion turbine. Passing the liquefied natural gas stream through a third heat exchanger for subcooling the liquefied gas by heat exchange with a third refrigerant stream produced in a third refrigeration cycle comprising a third dynamic expansion turbine separate from the first turbine and the second turbine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the cryogenic separation, the cooling or the liquefaction of a fluid using an exchange line, that comprises extracting from said exchange line at least one dual phase fluid (11), separating said dual phase fluid into at least one vapour fraction (4) and one liquid fraction (5) in a phase separator (40), expanding at least one portion of the liquid fraction (5) using a first expansion means (60, 90), reinjecting, reheating and at least partially vaporising said expanded liquid fraction in the exchange line, the first expansion means being a valve, wherein during the cooling of said exchange line, at least a fraction of the fluid extracted from the exchange line (2, 4 or 5) and/or from the phase separator (40) is expanded in second expansion means (61, 71, 81, 91) parallel to the first expansion means (6), while during a normal operation, the second expansion means is essentially closed.

Abstract: An integrated ship mounted system for loading a gas stream, separating heavier hydrocarbons, compressing the gas, cooling the gas, mixing the gas with a desiccant, blending it with a liquid carrier or solvent, and then cooling the mix to processing, storage and transportation conditions. After transporting the product to its destination, a hydrocarbon processing train and liquid displacement method is provided to unload the liquid from the pipeline and storage system, separate the liquid carrier, and transfer the gas stream to a storage or transmission system.

Abstract: A known method for producing a cylinder of quartz glass comprises a method step in which a porous SiO2 body comprising a central inner bore, a lower end and an upper end is sintered in a sintering furnace zone by zone, starting from the upper end, to obtain the quartz glass cylinder, a holding device being used by means of which the SiO2 body is held standing in vertical orientation during a first sintering phase and suspended in a second sintering phase.

Abstract: A soda-lime-silica glass for solar collector cover plates and solar mirrors has less than 0.010 weight percent total iron as Fe2O3, a redox ratio of less than 0.350, less than 0.0025 weight percent CeO2, and spectral properties that include a visible transmission, and a total solar infrared transmittance, of greater than 90% at a thickness of 5.5 millimeters, and reduced solarization. In one non-limiting embodiment of invention, the glass is made by heating a pool of molten soda-lime-silica with a mixture of combustion air and fuel gas having an air firing ratio of greater than 11, or an oxygen firing ratio of greater than 2.31. In another non-limiting embodiment of the invention, streams of oxygen bubbles are moved through a pool of molten glass. In both embodiments, the oxygen oxidizes ferrous iron to ferric iron to reduce the redox ratio.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a process of bonding a magnesium aluminate spinel article or articles and a germanate glass article or articles including the step of heating them together above the softening temperature of the glass.

Abstract: In one aspect, there is provided a process for manufacturing a lower mold for receiving a falling molten glass droplet, in which without narrowing the option for material for a lower mold, any occurrence of air retention can be favorably prevented and a lower mold excelling in durability can be obtained. The process comprises the film forming step of forming a coating layer on a base material and the surface roughening step of roughening the surface of the coating layer. Preferably, the coating layer contains at least one element selected from among chromium, aluminum and titanium.

Abstract: A process for making glass sheet with low compaction suitable for high temperature applications, such as low-temperature polysilicon-based TFT displays, and glass sheets thus made. The glass sheet desirably has an anneal point of at least 765° C., a CTE at most 42×10?7/° C. The process involves cooling the glass melt form a temperature corresponding to a viscosity of 1.0×1010 poise to a temperature corresponding to a viscosity of 1.0×1015 poise at a cooling rate CR, where CR?5° C./second. The absolute value of the measured compaction of the glass sheet desirably is at most 175 ppm upon being re-heated to 675° C. for a period of time.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming shaped articles from a sheet of material includes a first mold having a mold surface and a network of gutters formed in the mold surface. The network of gutters has a network gutter profile and defines an array of islands on which an array of bumps is formed. Each of the bumps has a surface with a shaped profile. The apparatus also includes a second adapted for positioning on the mold surface. The second mold has a network of protuberances defining a plurality of cavities. Each of the cavities is sized to overlap one of the bumps of the first mold. The network of protuberances has a network protuberance profile complementary to the network gutter profile.

Abstract: Methods of making glass include the steps of providing a glass melt in a first melting furnace and flowing the glass melt through a connecting tube from the first melting furnace to a second melting furnace. The methods further include the steps of heating the glass melt within a first area of the connecting tube with a first heating device and heating the glass melt within a second area of the connecting tube with a second heating device. Apparatus for making glass are also provided with a first melting furnace, a second melting furnace, and a connecting tube connecting the first and second melting furnaces. Example apparatus include a first heating device configured to heat the glass melt within the first area of the connecting tube and a second heating device configured to heat the glass melt within the second area of the connecting tube.