Abstract: An engine control device for a work vehicle includes a hydraulic pump driven by an engine, a hydraulic actuator driven with pressure oil supplied from the hydraulic pump, a drive disallower for disallowing drive of the hydraulic actuator with the pressure oil supplied from the hydraulic pump, a disallowed drive detector for detecting whether or not the drive disallower is disallowing the drive; and a rotation rate controller for executing control so as to adjust an engine speed to a low rotation rate, lower than a minimum rotation rate (hereafter referred to as a low idle rotation rate) at which the hydraulic actuator can still be driven, at least when the disallowed drive detector detects that the drive disallower is disallowing the drive.

Abstract: A drive apparatus for a vehicle, the apparatus comprising a hydraulic pump, two control valve assemblies, and two pairs of hydraulic drive assemblies. The control valve assemblies are hydraulically connected in parallel, and in an operational condition hydraulic fluid is pumped through the control valve assemblies by the pump to drive the hydraulic drive assemblies, and wherein each control valve assembly proportionately distributes hydraulic fluid to a respective pair of the hydraulic drive assemblies in response to the hydraulic loads of the respective hydraulic drive assemblies of the respective pairs of hydraulic drive assemblies.

Abstract: A master cylinder assembly for a hydraulic actuation system for a handlebar-steered vehicle. The assembly includes a housing mountable to a frame member of the handlebar-steered vehicle and having a chamber including a fluid cavity with first and second regions. The first region is in fluid communication with the hydraulic actuation system. A piston is slidably disposed in the fluid cavity. An actuator is operatively connected to the housing and operatively connected to the piston to slidably displace the piston between an open fluid circuit position and a closed fluid circuit position. A first seal is disposed on either the piston or a wall of the fluid cavity. The first seal is configured to be in sealing engagement between the fluid cavity and the piston with the piston in the closed fluid circuit position to block fluid flow between the first and second fluid cavity regions.

Abstract: An engine configuration includes an internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinders, at least one turbocharger and a first and a second exhaust gas tract. A turbine of the at least one turbocharger is associated with the first exhaust gas tract. Increased torque and increased power can be achieved when a bypass exhaust gas line emerging from at least one cylinder, which is associated with the first exhaust gas tract, is connected to the first exhaust gas tract such that it bypasses the at least one turbocharger.

Abstract: The invention relates to the generation of electricity and the ventilation of urban areas with the use of waste heat from air-conditioning systems, waste organic matter, fuel cells and wind. A first aspect relates to the creation of a column of rising air in a stack to drive electricity-generating turbines. A second aspect relates to the use of wind energy to create a helix shape upward flow of air that may preferably augment the functioning of the first aspect. An advantage of the system is that by transferring waste heat from urban environments above habitable areas the problem of the so-called heat island effect is greatly alleviated.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a fuel nozzle assembly includes providing a nozzle portion including a fuel passageway defined about a center axis of the fuel nozzle assembly. A longitudinal axis of a first peg is oriented to intersect the fuel nozzle assembly center axis such that a first plane is defined. The first peg defines a first opening having a centerline intersecting the first peg longitudinal axis and obliquely oriented with respect to the first plane. The first peg is coupled in flow communication with the fuel passageway such that the first peg extends radially outward from the nozzle portion and such that the first opening is configured to direct a flow of fuel in an oblique direction with respect to the fuel nozzle assembly center axis to facilitate fuel mixing.

Abstract: A method facilitates assembling a gas turbine engine including a combustor assembly and a nozzle assembly. The method comprises providing a transition piece including a first end, a second end, and a body extending therebetween, where the body includes an inner surface, an opposite outer surface, coupling the first end of the transition piece to the combustor assembly, and coupling the second end of the transition piece to the nozzle assembly such that a turbulator extending helically over the outer surface of the transition piece extends from the transition piece first end to the transition piece second end to facilitate inducing turbulence to cooling air supplied to the combustor assembly.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for recovering power from hot flue gas of a catalyst regenerator in an FCC unit and an integrated fluid catalytic cracking steam pressure letdown. The system includes a flue gas power recovery system including an expander and a turbine for generating power by letting down steam from a higher pressure to a lower pressure for use in a refinery process such as an FCC unit.

Abstract: A device for feeding fuel to a combustion chamber in a turbomachine, the device comprising both an annular fuel feed rail extending around an outer casing of the combustion chamber, and a plurality of injectors fixed to the casing and opening out into the combustion chamber, the injectors being connected to the rail by fuel transport ducts and by support means that are deformable in bending, twisting, and pivoting, allowing the casing to expand thermally in a radial direction relative to the annular rail and providing rigid support for the annular rail.

Abstract: A turbine engine annular combustion chamber includes inner and outer longitudinal walls connected upstream by a transverse chamber bottom and including a single-piece cowling covering the chamber bottom. Each of the longitudinal walls is inserted between corresponding flanges of the chamber bottom and of the cowling. The longitudinal walls, the chamber bottom and the cowling are assembled together by a plurality of first fixings between the longitudinal walls and the chamber bottom alternating with a plurality of second fixings distinct from the first fixings between the longitudinal walls and the cowling.

Abstract: The invention includes a thermoelectric device, preferably including an electrical contact pair providing enabling power for a first heat transfer from an internal heat transfer interface to the exterior heat transfer interface, and a second heat transfer from the exterior heat transfer interface to the internal heat transfer interface. The device preferably includes a means for enabling the power from the electrical contact pair for the first and second heat transfers. The thermoelectric device may include a thermal controller and/or a thermal transfer element. The thermoelectric device may include a fan motor driving a fan moving air across a heat sink included in the thermal transfer element. An external cover may include the thermoelectric device. The hard disk drive including the thermoelectric device. A system including the hard disk drive. Manufacturing these apparatus and these apparatus as products of these manufacturing processes.

Abstract: A spray cooling system includes a spray delivery device and a cooling liquid delivered to the spray delivery device. The spray delivery device includes one or more inlet apertures and one or more corresponding outlet apertures, at least one pair of inlet aperture and corresponding outlet aperture being positioned relative to each so as to form an asymmetric non-uniform density full-cone spray pattern.

Abstract: A beverage dispensing system is characterized by a beverage dispenser and a beverage dispensing tower located remote from the beverage dispenser. The beverage dispenser has a cold plate and the tower has a heat exchanger. To deliver chilled beverage components to and for dispensing by the tower, a closed-loop water circulating circuit extends between and includes a fluid chilling circuit of the cold plate and a heat exchange circuit of the heat exchanger. The closed-loop circuit is fluid coupled to a beverage valve of the tower to deliver chilled water to the valve, and a supply of beverage syrup is fluid coupled to the tower valve through a fluid chilling circuit of the heat exchanger for delivery of chilled syrup to the valve for mixing with chilled water in the dispensing of a beverage from the tower valve.

Abstract: A heat transfer system is provided having an air-cooled heat exchanger system. The heat exchanger system has an evaporator, condenser, compressor and a fan for forcing air over a heat exchange surface for effecting heat transfer. A mist generator having at least one nozzle directs a stream of fine mist or atomized liquid coolant into the air. The mist generator is coupled to a supply of liquid coolant. A controller controls the degree of mist or atomized coolant generated by the mist generator. A filter element positioned between the at least one nozzle and the heat exchange surface captures droplets of liquid coolant. The at least one nozzle is spaced apart from the filter element for directing the stream directly into the air surrounding the filter element.

Abstract: An ice making, and delivery apparatus for making and delivering ice to different ones of a plurality of receptacle units is provided, in which ice delivered via a conduit to a diverter valve mechanism, is diverted from alignment with one ice discharge line to another, depending upon sensors in ice receptacles recognizing a level of build-up of ice in any given receptacle, for computer control of a gearmotor for moving the diverter valve from one position to another. Various controls are provided for preventing ice build-up, and for operating the diverter valve during a “dwell” period of ice movement in the conduit, as distinguished from a “push” period of ice movement in the conduit to the diverter valve. A force multiplication technique is employed for moving the diverter valve notwithstanding the presence of ice therein.

Abstract: A method for controlling a refrigerator having at least two compartments and actuators adapted to maintain temperatures of said compartments close to predetermined set values comprises a comparison between a signal (CCR) indicative of the cooling request of each compartment and a signal variable according to a predetermined carrier function. This comparison is carried out in a predetermined time interval (TW), said actuators being activated or deactivated on the basis of such comparison that is repeated for each subsequent time interval (TW).

Abstract: An environmental control system includes a RAM air fan system downstream of a respective heat exchanger in the relatively high temperature RAM exhaust. The RAM air fan includes a RAM air fan electric motor such that the RAM air fan is driven at a speed independent of an air cycle machine. A fan rotor is completely supported by hydrodynamic foil journal and thrust bearings. As the RAM air fan is driven by the RAM air fan electric motor the RAM air fan is installed in the environmental control system as a self-contained system.

Abstract: A gas pressure reducer comprising at least one gas expansion device for allowing the gas to expand and thereby reduce in pressure, and at least one means for raising the temperature of the gas in the vicinity of the gas expansion device and wherein the means for raising the temperature of the gas comprises a liquid or solid fuel heater or a liquid fuelled engine.

Abstract: An air conditioning controller is provided with a room temperature-humidity combination calculation unit, a temperature-humidity setting value determination unit and a temperature-humidity control unit. The room temperature-humidity combination calculation unit is configured to calculate combinations of room temperature and room humidity corresponding to a target value of a thermal comfort index PMV. The temperature-humidity setting value determination unit is configured to select and determine a combination of the room temperature and humidity that achieves energy saving among the calculated combinations of the room temperature and humidity. The temperature-humidity control unit is configured to separately control the room temperature and humidity so that the room temperature and humidity would measure up respectively to the determined temperature and humidity values.

Abstract: A system and method in a commercial refrigeration system for compensating for events. A commercial refrigeration system includes a controller that predicts a first change in cooling capacity required based on at least one anticipated system event. The controller also predicts a second change in cooling capacity required based on at least one anticipated system event during a period of time. The controller compares the first and second changes in cooling capacity and implements a change in cooling capacity based on a relationship between the first and second changes in cooling capacity.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cooling an electronics rack, which includes a heat-generating electronics subsystem across which air flows from an air inlet to an air outlet side of the rack. First and second modular cooling units (MCUs) are associated with the rack and configured to provide system coolant to the electronics subsystem for cooling thereof. System coolant supply and return manifolds are in fluid communication with the MCUs for facilitating providing of system coolant to the electronics subsystem, and to an air-to-liquid heat exchanger associated with the rack for cooling air passing through the rack. A controller monitors the system coolant and automatically shuts off flow of system coolant through the heat exchanger, using at least one isolation valve, upon detection of failure at one of the MCUs, while allowing the remaining operational MCU to provide system coolant to the electronics subsystem for liquid cooling thereof.

Abstract: Air conditioner including a cabinet having room air inlets in at least one of side surfaces and a top surface, and a room air outlet in a front surface, and a front panel in front of the cabinet, thereby cooling/heating a room quickly, and improving thermal efficiency by preventing discharged air from re-entering into the air conditioner, directly.

Abstract: A heat pump has a refrigerant loop, a compressor in fluid communication with the refrigerant loop, at least one indoor heat exchanger in fluid communication with the refrigerant loop, and at least one outdoor heat exchanger in fluid communication with the refrigerant loop. The at least one outdoor heat exchanger has a phase change material in thermal communication with the refrigerant loop and in fluid communication with an outdoor environment. Other systems, devices, and methods are described.

Abstract: A portable instrument for providing an on-site ice cream, comprise of all natural ingredients, in front of a customer is provided. The instrument according to the current application is comprised of; 1) a compressor equipped with a condenser having heat removal capacity of 12,000 BTU/hr, 2) an exit tube, 3) a condenser tube, 4) an expansion valve, 5) an outlet copper tube, 6) a coiled coolant pipe, 7) a stainless steel shallow bowl shape plate welded on the coolant pipes, 8) an inlet copper tube, 9) a separator, 10) a by pass line that connects the exit tube and the outlet copper tube, 11) a solenoid valve, and 12) a foot stepper to control on/off of the solenoid valve. Slurry of a mixture of fruits, milk, cream powder and honey syrup, formed from an electric mixer is dumped on the stainless steel plate, which is maintained at the very low temperature between ?31 C to ?35 C.

Abstract: A cabinet for an air handling unit includes a cabinet assembly being formed framelessly of a plurality of panel assemblies, each panel assembly being formed of two spaced apart metallic panels embracing an intermediate core and wherein the plurality of panel assemblies provides the structural strength of the cabinet assembly. A method of forming a cabinet for an air handling unit is further included.

Abstract: A refrigerated appliance includes a cabinet including a drawer and a refrigeration system having at least a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. An icemaker unit is mounted in the drawer and includes a housing and an ice cube mold. The evaporator includes a coil mounted below the housing proximate to the ice cube mold. A mounting plate is attached to the housing with the evaporator coil sandwiched therebetween. With this arrangement, the evaporator coil is selectively operated to provide freezing temperatures to form ice cubes in the ice cube mold and establish refrigerated temperatures in the refrigerated compartment. That is, the refrigeration system is selectively operated to chill the evaporator in both an ice production mode and a refrigeration mode.

Abstract: An ice dispenser has a duct cap and a controller to control movement of the duct cap. The controller includes a guide, a first control surface, and a second control surface. A first frictional force between the guide and the first control surface is greater than a second frictional force between the guide and the second control surface. The first frictional force controls the duct cap to move at a first rate and the second friction force controls the duct cap to move at a second rate faster than the first rate.

Abstract: An ice storage and bagging system for automatically bagging ice and dispensing the bagged ice to a customer. The ice storage and bagging system generally includes a storage bin to store a plurality of ice cubes, an ice dispensing machine to transfer the plurality of ice cubes from the storage bin and a bagging system to receive the plurality of ice cubes from the ice dispensing machine to within a bag, wherein the bag is filled with a predetermined amount of the ice cubes. A delivery system transfers the filled bag of ice cubes from the bagging system to a customer and a purchasing system activates the ice dispensing machine to fill the bag with the plurality of ice cubes to be delivered to the customer in an automated manner. The ice may also be formed via a forming machine prior to being stored within the storage bin to completely automate the present invention.

Abstract: An ejector-type refrigerant cycle device includes: a first evaporator 15 that evaporates refrigerant flowing out of an ejector 14; a branch passage 17 that branches a flow of refrigerant between a radiator 13 and the ejector 14 and guides this flow of refrigerant to a vapor-phase refrigerant suction port 14c of the ejector 14; a throttling mechanism 18 disposed in the branch passage 17; and a second evaporator 19 disposed downstream of the throttling mechanism 18 with respect to the flow of refrigerant. The throttling mechanism 18 is constructed to be provided with a fully opening function, and to fully open the branch passage 17 when the second evaporator 19 is defrosted. Therefore, in an ejector-type refrigerant cycle device including multiple evaporators, the function of defrosting the evaporators can be carried out with a simple construction.

Abstract: A knit fabric may be formed by providing a plurality of cylinder needles and a plurality of cutting needles having a cutting surface. A first yarn may be fed to the plurality of cylinder and the plurality of cutting needles to form loops during a knitting cycle. A second yarn may be fed to the plurality of cylinder needles during the knitting cycle so that the first yarn and the second yarn having a plated relationship on the plurality of cylinder needles. A pile may be formed on the knit fabric by cutting the loops on the cutting needles with the cutting surface.

Abstract: A fabric can be formed by a process comprising providing a knitting needle and providing a sinker. The sinker can include a first end and a nib. The first end and the nib can form a groove for receiving a yarn. The first end in or near the groove can have a first abrasive surface for abrading the yarn during knitting. A knitting needle can have a shank with a first edge and a hook. The knitting needle can have a latch having an outer region. At least a portion of the first edge and at least a portion of the outer region can have a second abrasive surface for abrading a yarn during knitting.

Abstract: A knit tubular protective sleeve and method of construction thereof provides a continuous and seamless tubular wall knit from one or more yarns extending between opposite open ends of the sleeve. At least one opening is integrally knit within the tubular wall between the ends. The opening has a circumferentially continuous, knit outer periphery.

Abstract: A sock may include a first low-elasticity area disposed on a dorsal portion of the foot, the first low-elasticity area being band-shaped and having a lower elasticity than other areas of the sock. The first low-elasticity area may include a curved ankle portion and an end portion, the end portion being disposed below the curved ankle portion and extending to the base of the toes. The end portion may be positioned within a range from the base of the third toe to the base of the small toe. A center line in the course direction with respect to the width of the first low-elasticity area may gradually shift toward the side of the small toe in the course direction. Preferably, the first low-elasticity area applies a force that raises the side of the fifth toe toward the ankle curve portion thereby providing a resistive force against the ankle twisting inwards.

Abstract: A method for producing textile articles with warp-knitting machines, comprising a plurality of steps of shifting at least a first thread-guide (3) bar (2) of jacquard type with shog translational movements and with swing transversal movements, so as to produce textile articles on at least one needle bed (52), shifting at least the first thread-guide (3) bar (2) by means of a corresponding first linear motor, with a shog movement of a first predefined width; varying automatically through control devices (60) the shift controlled by the first linear motor so as to vary the width of the shog movement during the production of the textile articles, and shifting at least the first thread-guide (3) bar (2) with a shog movement having a second predefined width differing from the first one, and automatically controlling by means of the control devices (60) connected to the first thread guide (3) bar (2) at least an individual shift of a needle space of at least a first thread-guide (3) of the first bar (2), in additio

Abstract: A steam generator includes a case that forms a predetermined space for storing water, a heater provided within the case, a sealing member for preventing water leakage from the case, and a pressure part to press the sealing member and the heater. The sealing member is also configured to secure and seal the heater such that water is prevented from penetrating or leaking toward a circuit part of the heater. A drum-type washing machine having the steam generator installed therein is also disclosed.

Abstract: A washing and drying machine includes a drying duct having at least one inlet end and at least two outlet ends. Consequently, air flow is increased, and drying time and power consumption are reduced. The inlet end is connected to the center portion of the circumferential surface of a tub, and the outlet ends include a front outlet end connected to the front side of the tub and a rear outlet end connected to the rear side of the tub. Consequently, the laundry is uniformly dried even when the laundry is placed in the drum at the front and/or the rear sides of the drum, and therefore, damage to the laundry is prevented. Flow resistance is minimized, and drying time and power consumption are reduced.

Abstract: An agitator assembly for an automatic washing machine comprises an agitator and an auger mounted to the agitator. The auger comprises a tubular body defining a peripheral surface and having a central longitudinal axis. A vane spirals around the tubular body and extends from the peripheral surface from a root having a thickness T to a tip. The vane has a width W measured from the peripheral surface along a line perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis to the tip. The vane is formed by a plurality of ledges, with adjacent ledges joined by steps. With this configuration, the vane can have a relatively small root thickness T and a relatively large width W.

Abstract: Gate multi-locking apparatus includes two housings, one attached to a gate member and the other attached to a structural member. A latch bar is positioned externally of the housings and extends between the housings to prevent movement of the gate member to open position. Latch bar supports extend into the housings and are locked in place by lock members extending therethrough and padlocks holding the lock members in place.

Abstract: A shield device is for fastener(s) of a lock assembly that is adjustable between inoperable and operable states, each fastener including a head and being removably engageable with a door to connect the lock assembly therewith. The shield device includes a barrier displaceable between a first position, where the barrier covers the fastener head to prevent removal of the fastener, and a second position where the fastener is accessible to permit removal. The barrier is disposed in the first position when the lock is in the inoperable state and in the second position when the lock is in the operable state. Preferably, the lock assembly includes a member that adjusts the lock assembly between the operable and inoperable states and the barrier is coupled with the member. As such, when the lock member adjusts the lock assembly between the two states, the barrier displaces between the first and second positions.

Abstract: A dial mechanism for a combination lock is provided. The dial mechanism may include an escutcheon plate, a ring member, a fastening member, and a dial. The ring member may include three arms, wherein each of the arms have first and second portions. The first portion extends inwardly from an inner edge of the ring member and the second portion extends perpendicularly from the first portion. The arms include a protrusion that extends outwardly from each of the second portions. The fastening member fixedly mounts the ring member to the escutcheon plate and includes an indicator. A plurality of tick marks are positioned on an outer surface of the dial, and a plurality of teeth extend from an inner surface of the dial. A tick mark is aligned with the indicator when each of the protrusions are positioned between and in contact with two adjacent teeth on the dial.

Abstract: A method for changing a force control gain expressed as a ratio of force error to velocity command value in a control circuit performing a force control of a servo motor driving a die cushion disposed opposite to a slide in a press machine. The method includes: obtaining a difference between a displacement of the slide and a displacement of the die cushion in a state in which the slide and the die cushion collide with and are exerting force on each other; detecting the force when the difference of the displacements is obtained; calculating a spring constant of a structural portion based on a proportionality between the difference of the displacements and the force, when regarding the structural portion including the slide and the die cushion as an elastic structure; and changing the force control gain based on the spring constant using a fixed proportionality that exists between the force control gain and a reciprocal of the spring constant.

Abstract: A can shaping process in which container preforms (F) are mounted on a table (16) which is rotated so a preform is moved from an initial loading station (P1) to a molding station (P4). A molding unit (20) includes a two-part mold (20a, 20b) split vertically in half, with inner surfaces (56) of the respective mold halves shaped to produce a desired container profile. Once the preform is in place, a pressurization unit (102) is lowered into place from above the mold onto an open, upper end of the preform. The mold is then closed and pressurized air is introduced into the preform. The air pressure forces the sidewall of the preform outwardly against the inner surface of the mold to conform the shape of the container to a desired profile. After the shaping operation is complete, the pressurized air is withdrawn from the container, the mold halves are moved apart from each other, opening the mold.

Abstract: A billet is provided on a pass line between a pusher and a plug, and the billet is advanced and caught between a plurality of inclined rolls. At least between when said caught billet contacts said plug and when the piercing and rolling reaches a steady state, the advancing speed of the billet is not less than the advancing speed of the billet when the piercing and rolling is carried out without pushing the billet forward by the pusher in the steady state. By this manufacturing method, inner surface defects at a tip end of a hollow shell can be restrained.

Abstract: A method of roll forming a flat tube having a substantially ?-shaped section comprising the steps of forming a substantially triangular protrusion 72 having a roundish top, and closely attaching the opposed base end portions of the substantially triangular protrusion 72 having a roundish top while leaving a hollow portion 73a at the forward end of the protrusion 72, thereby forming a protrusion 73 having a closely-attached based end portion and forward-end hollow portion 73a.

Abstract: The present invention provides a planographic printing plate manufacturing apparatus comprising: a cutting process section which cuts a web in a thickness direction of the web by pinching the web with at least a pair of an upper knife and a lower knife, wherein the lower knife includes a flat part supporting a center of the web, a decline part gradually declined an upper end toward outside from the flat part and a cutting edge part having an upper end gradually raised toward outside from the decline part to be a cutting edge, an angle of the lower knife at a boundary point between the decline part and the flat part is 135° or more, a boundary point between the decline part and the cutting edge part is provided so as to be greater or equal to a droop width of a lower surface of a cut product.

Abstract: Rolling stand for producing rolled strip, which includes work rolls, which are supported on backup rolls or intermediate rolls and backup rolls. The work rolls and/or the backup rolls and/or the intermediate rolls can be axially shifted relative to one another. The barrel length (L) of each intermediate roll in a six-high rolling stand or of each work roll in a four-high rolling stand has a cylindrical roll barrel section (Z) and a convexly curved roll barrel section (R(x)), such that the transition point from the cylindrical to the curved roll barrel section, calculated from the cylindrical end of the roll barrel, is in the range of L/2?x<L. The curved contour, which extends towards opposite ends of the two rolls over a portion of the barrel, is described by a polynomial R(x)=ao+ . . . anxn, where n?5.

Abstract: In the width-direction bending step for the blade member, the blade member is clamped by a pair of rotary press claws 13, 14 from both sides in the thickness direction to be compressed in the thickness direction, whereby the compressed portion is extended in the longitudinal direction of the blade member and the blade member is bent in the width direction. In the thickness-direction bending step for the blade member, a working die portion comprises: a thickness-direction bending shaft 31; and a thickness-direction bending cylinder 32 which is fitted in a turning paired state onto the thickness-direction bending shaft. The thickness-direction bending shaft 31 and the thickness-direction bending cylinder 32 are relatively rotated, whereby the blade member is bent in the thickness direction.

Abstract: A filler cam assembly for use with a forming die generally including a center cam component, end cam components and a base assembly and being designed to transition between unloading and forming positions. The various cam components preferably have axial ends with helical surfaces such that rotation of one of the cam components causes a corresponding axial movement of an adjacent cam component. Some features of the filler cam assembly include removable work steels, standardized cam components, drive and lock out mechanisms, and being able to form negative angles, multiple corners and edges, and an entire formable periphery of a metal work piece in a single forming operation, to name but a few.

Abstract: A burring method forms a boss on a metal sheet, using a press die including: a die with a burring hole formed therein; and a burring punch having a shape adapted to be inserted into the burring hole. In the burring method, a width of a clearance formed between the burring hole and the burring punch is in a range not less than 60% and not more than 115%, preferably not less than 65% and not more than 100%, and more preferably, not less than 75% and not more than 95%, of a thickness of the metal sheet, before the metal sheet goes through a burring process.

Abstract: A punching machine is provided with a tool holder for a punching tool and a die having a cutting edge which can be passed by the punching tool in a machining stroke direction and a return stroke direction. The machine includes at least one work support, supported by at least one spring element. The work support is arranged in the region of the die, and the spring force of the spring element is adjustable.