Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for transferring growth media or infection fluids to a bioculture bag having Could Process fitting thereon in fluid communication with the inside of the bag. The media or fluid is placed in a flask. A cap is threaded onto the neck of the flask. The cap has a spout with an opening in a distal end of the spout and a vent hole in the cap. The spout has a tubular end in which the opening is formed, with an O-ring seal adjacent the distal end of the tubular end. The tubular end fits within the fitting and the seal forms a fluid tight seal with the fitting to allow fluid transfer to the bag in reduced time with reduced spillage. The cap is preferably used on a flask having shaped baffles in the bottom. The baffles are highest toward the centerline, and decline in height linearly toward the corners of the flask at an angle of about 9° to the horizontal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a support carrier for supporting a container to receive cooled goods from a cooled goods dispensing machines delivering cooled liquids and water ice cubes. Cooled goods dispensing machines are often integrated into refrigerators in such a way that a refrigerator door is provided with a recess into which a drink container is set. For the recess to be useable with containers of different sizes, and at the same time to ensure a secure support for the containers, a support carrier is provided having at least one joint and which can be, for example, folded out of the recess to permit a relatively larger container to be supported relative to the recess.

Abstract: A fuel tank opening-closing device includes a flap valve mechanism situated inside a tank opening forming member and having a flap valve mechanism; and an opening-closing activation mechanism adapted to selectively set the flap valve mechanism to a locked position or an unlocked position. The opening-closing activation mechanism includes a cover covering the peripheral edge portion of the opening-closing member and having a cover body produced by being split into arcuate shapes of prescribed width; a nozzle detection mechanism having introductory push parts that are adapted to receive force of motion in the insertion direction by a fueling nozzle; locking members which engage or disengage from the opening-closing member; and a locking mechanism having and adapted to move the locking members from the locked position to the unlocked position through interlocking operation with the introductory push parts.

Abstract: A sharp edged knife stop can secure the position of knife blades in a cutting or chipping system and prevent the separation of knife blades. The sharp edged knife stops can also assist in the cutting or chipping and lower the amount of debris build up that would occur with the use of traditional knife stops. The sharp edged knife stop has the same inclination angle as the knife blades and the same difference in knife edge height as the knife blades above that of a retaining ring height.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a grinder tool preferably having one or more of the following aspects or features: (i) some, preferably most, of the footprint of its bit being shielded by the disc; (ii) the peripheral edge of the disc is at least partially covered by a rock stop hard surface layer; (iii) non-rigid mounting hardware structured to provide a non-rigid mechanical connection between the well and the bit sub-assembly (for example, the non-rigid mounting hardware may include: a rubber isolator; a mesh isolator; and/or a fluid filled isolator); (iv) a stump grinding tool rotating disc assembly having at least one first type bit sub-assembly (including a bit) and at least one second type bit sub-assembly (including a bit), where: (a) the first type bit sub-assembly has a first bit footprint geometry, (b) the first type bit sub-assembly has a first bit footprint geometry, and (c) the first bit footprint geometry is different than the second bit footprint geometry; (v) a rotating disc ass

Abstract: A log-feeding device comprises two relatively movable units each carrying automatically self-centering chain-engaging sprockets, the chains being formed of flights provided with channels having serrations and knife-edges for grasping the bark surface of a log being fed therethrough.

Abstract: The method for bonding a semiconductor element comprises the step of applying to solder bumps 10 of a semiconductor chip 12 a soldering flux 16 which contains a thermosetting resin, a polyhydric alcohol and an organic acid and in which the thermosetting resin remains uncured after reflow-bonding, the step of reflow-bonding the solder bumps 10 to the electrodes 18 of the circuit board 20 with the soldering flux 16 while melting the solder bumps 10, and the step of filling an underfill material 22 between the semiconductor chip 12 and the circuit board 20 with the soldering flux 16 being left, the underfill material 22 containing a thermosetting resin of the same group as the thermosetting resin contained in the soldering flux 16 and at least one of a curing agent and a cure catalyst for curing the thermosetting resins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a surface of a titanium-based metal implant intended to be inserted into bone tissue, comprising: (a) projecting particles of aluminium oxide under pressure on the external area of the implant; (b) chemically treating the sandblasted external area of the implant with an acid composition comprising sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid; and (c) thermally treating the sandblasted external area of the implant by heating at a temperature of 200-450° C. for 15-120 min. The invention likewise defines a metal implant having said surface. The surface thus obtained has good micrometer-scale roughness with a suitable morphology, as well as a composition which is virtually free of impurities and a thickness which is approximately three times the thickness of conventional surfaces, which characteristics provide it with very good osseointegration properties.

Abstract: Metals for use in glass-making furnaces and which are susceptible to oxidation at furnace operating temperatures, especially iridium or molybdenum, are protected by applying at least (200) microns thickness of a coating formed of metal oxide particles in a metal oxide matrix. Oxidation, measured by weight loss, is significantly reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides Cr-containing steel superior in heat fatigue characteristics, that is, Cr-containing steel superior in heat fatigue characteristics, characterized by containing, by mass %, C: 0.01% or less, N: 0.015% or less, Si: 0.8 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.2 to 1.5%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Ni: 0.2% or less, Cu: 0.2% or less, Cr: 13 to 15%, Mo: 0.1% or less, Nb: 0.3 to 0.5%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.2%, V: 0.01 to 0.2%, Al: 0.015 to 1.0%, and B: 0.0002 to 0.0010%, satisfying (Nb+1.9×Ti)/(C+N)?50, and having a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein a 0.2% yield strength at 800° C. after aging at 800° C. for 100 hours or more is 20 MPa or more and a drawability value at 200° C. is 35% or more and wherein a soluble Nb amount+soluble Ti amount after aging at 800° C. for 100 hours or more is 0.08% or more.

Abstract: A high tensile strength galvanized steel sheet with excellent formability and anti-crush properties contains, in terms of % by mass, 0.05 to 0.3% of C, 0.01 to 2.5% of Si, 0.5 to 3.5% of Mn, 0.003 to 0.100% of P, 0.02% or less of S, 0.010 to 1.5% of Al, 0.007% or less of N, in addition, 0.01 to 0.2% in total of at least one element selected from Ti, Nb, and V, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, the steel sheet having a microstructure composed of, in terms of area fraction, 20 to 87% of ferrite, 3 to 10% in total of martensite and residual austenite, and 10 to 60% of tempered martensite, and a second phase composed of the martensite, residual austenite, and tempered martensite having an average crystal grain diameter of 3 ?m or less.

Abstract: Nanostructured Mn—Al and Mn—Al—C permanent magnets are disclosed. The magnets have high coercivities (˜4.8 kOe and 5.2 kOe, respectively) and high saturation magnetization values. The magnets are prepared from cost effective and readily available elements using a novel mechanical milling and annealing method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high carbon steel sheet that is superior in fatigue life and a method of manufacturing the high carbon steel sheet. The high carbon steel sheet includes about 0.75 wt % to about 0.95 wt % of carbon, smaller than about 1.8 wt % of silicon, about 0.1 wt % to about 1.5 wt % of manganese, about 0.1 wt %˜1.0 wt % of chromium, smaller than about 0.02 wt % of phosphorus, smaller than about 0.02 wt % of sulfur, a residual amount of iron, and inevitable impurities. A layer interval between laminar carbides included in the high carbon steel sheet is smaller than about 0.5 ?m. The high carbon steel sheet may include a fine pearlite having a lamellar structure. The fine pearlite included in the high carbon steel sheet may have a volume percentage of larger than about 90%. A ratio of length to width of the lamellar structure may be larger than about 10:1.

Abstract: Method for producing an open molded sheet metal part from a non-hardenable aluminum alloy that has the following steps: a) a sheet is prepared that is made of a non-hardenable aluminum alloy, the temper of which is H12, H14, H16, H18, H19, H22, H24, H26, H28, H32, H34, H36 or H38 according to European Standard EN 515:1993 and that in addition to aluminum includes at least magnesium and where necessary manganese; b) the aluminum is heated at least locally to a temperature between 200° C. and 350° C. within a period of 1 to 60 seconds; c) the heated sheet is placed in a cold forming die of a forming press and the sheet is formed, creating a molded sheet metal part.

Abstract: This invention relates to granules comprising a homogenous mixture of metal flakes and/or metal powder and metal oxide powder, and a binder. The invention also relates to a process for producing such granules. The process includes the step of forming a mixture of metal flakes and/or metal powder and metal oxide powder, forming the mixture into a homogenous blend, adding the blend, together with a binder, to a granulator to form granules, and drying the granules. Granules so formed containing aluminium, aluminium oxide and iron oxide find particular use as sensitisers and energisers in explosives compositions.

Abstract: A handbag with a removable exterior member which can be replaced with a different exterior member to provide easily changeable aesthetic styles by use of matable connectors located on the exterior member and the handbag. A handbag system is also provided which comprises a first and second handbag, the second handbag suitable for use as a separate clutch and sized to accept the first handbag within the upper portion of the second handbag.

Abstract: Handbags, including soft handbags, are easily customizable by attaching or changing handbag covers of virtually any design. The handbag covers can include, at least in part, an essentially collapsible material, and are relatively small and easily stored. Accordingly, the aesthetic and design of handbags can be easily altered without requiring the purchase of different handbags of different styles. In at least one implementation of the present invention, the handbag covers essentially envelope the base handbag. Additionally, one or more implementations of the present invention include handbag covers that attach to a base handbag via a plurality of attachment forces.

Abstract: This invention provides a rubber composition capable of improving a durability to heat buildup of a heavy duty pneumatic radial tire by applying to a cushion rubber of the tire to lower heat buildup of the cushion rubber without lowering a fracture strength of the cushion rubber as well as a tire using such a rubber composition and being excellent in the durability to heat buildup. The rubber composition is characterized in that 25-45 parts by mass of carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N2SA) of not less than 60 m2/g as a filler is compounded based on 100 parts by mass of a rubber component comprising at least one of natural rubber and synthetic isoprene rubber, and a modulus at 50% elongation is not less than 1.1 MPa, and a loss tangent (tan ?) at 25° C. and 2% strain and an amount of carbon black compounded based on 100 parts by mass of the rubber component satisfy a relation of the following equation (I): tan ?/amount of carbon black compounded?0.0015??(I).

Abstract: Disclosed is an airplane tire, and more particularly, is an airplane tire having air pockets, which can allow a tire wheel to rotate using the resistance of air depending on the speed of an airplane upon landing. The airplane tire can alleviate the landing shock of the tire and preventing wear and deformation of the tire by friction. In particular, the airplane tire can shorten a damping distance by virtue of an increased frictional force thereof when an airplane body stops using a tire wheel brake and achieve generation of a sufficient centrifugal force by rotation, thereby contributing to the safe flying of an airplane and the elimination of environmental pollution.

Abstract: Tire having a tread, sidewalls axially and radially extending towards the inside of the tread, the tread having a running surface, intended to be in contact with the ground during running, and axially lateral faces on either side of the tread, this tire having, furthermore, at least on one of the sidewalls and near the tread, a circumferential rib intended to modify the height of expelled water in the transverse direction (corresponding to a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the tire) in the case of the tire running on wet ground. The circumferential rib comprises a deflector device for deflecting the stream of expelled water in the case of the tire running on water-covered ground, this deflector device being formed from a plurality of protuberances projecting from the circumferential rib and being arranged in an oblique direction with respect to the transverse direction.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a pneumatic tire having a sipe, which can increase ice braking performance without reducing anti-wear performance. The pneumatic tire includes: a plurality of land portions 4 partitioned by grooves 2 and 3 and formed in a tread surface 1a; and at least one sipe 5 formed in each of the land portions 4, wherein the sipe 5 is formed so that sipe inner wall surfaces 6 and 6 are formed perpendicularly to the tread surface 1a, one or more recesses 7 exposed on the tread surface 1a are formed in at least one of the sipe inner wall surfaces 6 and 6 opposed to each other, the recess 7 has a sectional area gradually decreasing from an opening end of the sipe 5 toward a sipe bottom 8 and converges on the sipe inner wall surface 6 before reaching the sipe bottom 8.

Abstract: Provided is a pneumatic tire characterized by that a tread surface roughness (Ra 75) after running 3000 km on a paved road which is measured based on JIS B0601 is 10 to 100 ?m and that a whole sipe length per 1 cm2 of a ground contact area on the above tread surface is 1.0 to 4.0 cm.

Abstract: A plurality of connection members 13 connecting an installation disk 11 to a ring-shaped body 12 are formed, in a side view of the non-pneumatic tire, to be axisymmetrical about an imaginary line connecting the respective first ends 21a and 22a of first connection plates 21 and second connection plates 22 to an axial line O and extending in a tire-radial direction. The connection members 13 are arranged in a tire-circumferential direction such that the first connection plates 21 are arranged at a first tire-widthwise position in the tire-circumferential direction and that the second connection plates 22 are arranged at a second tire-widthwise position in the tire-circumferential direction. According to the invention, it is possible to suppress an increase in the weight, hardness, and rolling resistance to secure satisfactory ride qualities and handling qualities, and it is possible to prevent a blowout from occurring.

Abstract: A system for dissipating sound shock waves within a vehicle tire includes a wheel upon which a tire is mounted to create an internal air chamber defined by the wheel and the tire. A flow-resistant barrier is coupled to the wheel or the tire and defines an air cavity within the internal air chamber. The barrier comprises a material that provides an acoustical resistance to sound shock waves passing therethrough. The air cavity defined by the barrier has a volume such that air within the cavity offers relatively small impedance to the passage of shock waves through the barrier and into the air cavity. The barrier also can produce frictional heat when displaced by a shock wave, thereby converting energy of the shock wave to heat to reduce noise associated therewith.

Abstract: There are provided a rubber composition simultaneously improving low loss factor and wear resistance as compared with the conventional ones as well as a tire using such a rubber composition. The invention lies in a rubber composition using a modified conjugated diene rubber and being excellent in the low loss factor and wear resistance as well as a tire. The rubber composition of the invention is formed by compounding a filler to a rubber component containing (A) a modified conjugated diene rubber having a cis-bond content in conjugated diene portion of not less than 87% and a vinyl bond content of not more than 2% and containing a functional group reactive with a filler and (B) a modified polymer having a modifying functional group number per 1 molecule of an unmodified polymer of not less than 0.6.

Abstract: A rubber-steel cord composite is provided having nonlinear physical properties even in a rubber characterized by incompressive properties after vulcanization, and hence the rubber-steel cord composite can show low rigidity and flexible properties in a low-strain region and, on the other hand, can show high rigidity in a high-strain region. The rubber-steel cord composite is provided by bundling steel linear objects 1 subjected to spiral shape forming at substantially identical pitches in an approximately identical phase without twisting, the steel cord being embedded in rubber.

Abstract: A pair of annular inserts of elastomeric material is circumferentially applied by spiraling around a laying surface of an auxiliary drum. Then a plurality of strip-like elements disposed in parallel side by side relationship with each other in the circumferential extension of the laying surface is applied onto the auxiliary drum, so as to form at least one first belt layer. Respectively opposite end portions of each strip-like element are radially superposed, each against one of the annular inserts, so that each of the annular inserts projects from a respective end edge of the strip-like element. The cap structure formed on the auxiliary drum is coupled to a carcass structure through toroidal conformation of the latter, in such a manner that the radially external ends of sidewall portions previously manufactured on the carcass plies are associated with the axially external ends of the annular inserts.

Abstract: A curved multi-layer structure (10) is formed from individual films (1, 2) that are initially flat. The films are firmly bonded to each other along respective facing surfaces. A heat treatment is applied to one or both of the films (1, 2) of the structure so as to cause respective contractions or elongations that are different for the two films at standard use temperatures. A difference between said contractions or elongations causes the curvature of the multi-layer structure. The structure thus has a permanent curved shape, without contact between compression-forming instruments and a useful part of the multi-layer structure being necessary. The multi-layer structure can then be applied onto a curved substrate without causing any tears or ripples.

Abstract: A method for joining two ceramic parts, or a ceramic part and a metal part, and the joint formed thereby. The method provides two or more parts, a braze consisting of a mixture of copper oxide and silver, a diffusion barrier, and then heats the braze for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form the braze into a bond holding the two or more parts together. The diffusion barrier is an oxidizable metal that forms either a homogeneous component of the braze, a heterogeneous component of the braze, a separate layer bordering the braze, or combinations thereof. The oxidizable metal is selected from the group Al, Mg, Cr, Si, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, Pt, Pd, Au, lanthanides, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A roofing and/or siding material having a resulting reflectivity of at least about 50%. The roofing and/or siding material includes a base sheet/membrane, a reinforcement material and a multi-layer reflective film material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for bonding sheets together without trapping bubbles between two adjacent sheets and a procedure for easy detachment of the completed stack of bonded together sheets from the apparatus that constructed it. The present invention is particularly well suited for use with apparatus for construction of three-dimensional objects from a stack of thin sheets bonded together.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating textile substrates to obtain superior liquid repellent properties are disclosed. Durable microscopic surface structures imparted to the fibrous substrate allow liquids to bead up and roll off of its surface. Mechanical abrasion or sanding techniques may be used to create the microscopic surface structures on the surface of a fibrous textile substrate, without substantially breaking fibers, followed by a chemical treatment using, for example, fluorocarbon-containing repellent compositions. Particles may be employed in combination with repellent compositions to achieve superior repellent properties. A property of the roughened surface fibers, the Roughness Factor, is used to characterize the microscopic surface structures on the treated textile surface. Treated textile substrates are disclosed which achieve superior water and oil repellency, even after multiple abrasion or laundering cycles.

Abstract: A non-metallic element system is provided as part of a downhole tool that can effectively seal or pack-off an annulus under elevated temperatures. The element system can also resist high differential pressures without sacrificing performance or suffering mechanical degradation, and is considerably faster to drill-up than a conventional element system. In one aspect, the composite material comprises an epoxy blend reinforced with glass fibers stacked layer upon layer at about 30 to about 70 degrees. In another aspect, a mandrel is formed of a non-metallic polymeric composite material. A downhole tool, such as a bridge plug, frac-plug, or packer, is also provided. The tool comprises a support ring having one or more wedges, an expansion ring, and a sealing member positioned with the expansion ring.

Abstract: A method of preparing a composite configured to release refrigerant therefrom comprises providing a substrate material comprising polarized fibers of glass, polyamide, phenylene sulfide, carbon or graphite bonding thereon a metal compound comprising a complex compound of a polar gaseous refrigerant and a metal salt and/or a hydrated metal hydroxide and/or a metal hydroxide of a metal comprising alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, or two or more thereof, at a concentration of at least about 0.

Abstract: A joining apparatus includes an ultrasonic vibrating device, and an anvil roller facing the ultrasonic vibrating device with superimposed continua of front waistline portions and back waistline portions interposed therebetween. The anvil roller includes a protrusion configured to press the continua in a predetermined region between the anvil roller and the ultrasonic vibrating device, a motor configured to rotate the anvil roller, a belt configured to connect the anvil roller and the motor and to be driven by the motor, and a pressing mechanism configured to press the belt in a cross direction perpendicular to a driving direction of the belt.

Abstract: A method of making a tubular intraluminal graft in the form of a tubular diametrically adjustable stent having a tubular covering of porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene which is less than 0.10 mm thick. The covering may be on the exterior surface of the stent, or on the interior surface of the stent, or both. The covering may be affixed to the stent by an adhesive which is preferably fluorinated ethylene propylene.

Abstract: A process in which a self-sealing pneumatic tire consisting of a pneumatic tire after vulcanization molding furnished with a sealant layer being uniform without thickness irregularity and a cover sheet layer therefore is produced without the use of an organic solvent and expensive apparatus; and an apparatus therefore.

Abstract: A Method of Manufacture for reinforcing the inner tube of reinforced high pressure flexible hose. The method essentially places carbon fibre filaments running axially (longitudinally) with the hose in the first several layers of the built-up inner tube. The filaments are placed as near as possible to the inner wall of the inner tube so that the fibres do not interfere with the overall bending radius of the reinforced high pressure flexible hose. The strengthened inner tube is far more capable of meeting the new API (October 2006) temperature and flexibility (pulsation) standards for oil field equipment reinforced rubber hose.

Abstract: A method of making an tubular intraluminal graft in the form of a tubular diametrically adjustable stent having a tubular covering of porous expanded PTFE which is less than 0.10 mm thick. The covering may be on the exterior surface of the stent, or on the interior surface of the stent, or both. The covering may be affixed to the stent by an adhesive which is preferably fluorinated ethylene propylene.

Abstract: A coating composition is based on a polyester mixed with an alkyl-etherified melamine formaldehyde. The coating composition is partially cured in a first stage to provide a thermoformable partially cured, tack-free, non-blocking, coating layer, followed by application to generally a contoured substrate and thermoforming to conform thereto. The contoured partially cured coating layer is then heat cured to form a cured coating. A hydroxyl-terminated polyoxetane containing repeat units derived from oxetane monomers having one or two pendent —CH2—O—(CH2)n—Rf groups, wherein Rf is partially or fully fluorinated, can be esterified with polyester-forming reactants to form a fluorinated polyoxetane-modified polyester.

Abstract: A heat transferable material includes a heat transferable polymeric binder and a light stabilizer that is an N-oxyl radical derived from a hindered amine, the N-oxyl radical having the following formula, wherein R1, R2, R5, and R6 are each independently selected from a straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl, and R3 and R4 are each independently selected from H, OH, OR, COOH, or COOR, wherein R is a straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl or alkene, and having a molecular weight of 600 or less, is described. The heat transferable material can be in one or more sections or patches on a thermal donor element to provide a protective overcoat material. Optionally, a patch in the donor element can also include a dye. The heat transferable material provides better image stability and improved iridescence when applied to a thermal, inkjet, electophotographic, or silver halide receiver.

Abstract: The invention which is the subject of this application is apparatus and a method for the application of labels to articles-, via adhesive or other mechanical location means. The labels are provided in a label supply (2) with respective labels (8) defined by a line of weakening (6) formed by slits (12) or perforations and the line of weakening includes at least one aperture (12) provided for engagement by a tool (12) at the time when the line of weakening is required to be broken to separate the leading label and allow the same to be applied to the article.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the removal of ion contaminations from liquid crystal layers in liquid crystal display devices. The ions are removed by means of so called ion pumping, which utilizes the anisotropic viscosity of liquid crystals. The ions are pumped up and down in the liquid crystal layer by means of an alternating electric filed. The alternating electric field simultaneously alters the alignment of directors in the liquid crystal. The viscosity in the liquid crystal is related to the director directions, and the ions are thereby moved in non-closed trajectories. The inventive ion pumping can be further improved using an asymmetric or biased alternating electric field.

Abstract: High quality thermoplastic composites and composite laminates containing nanoparticles and/or nanofibers, and methods of producing such composites and laminates are disclosed. The composites comprise a thermoplastic polymer and a plurality of nanoparticles, and may include a fibrous structural reinforcement. The composite laminates are formed from a plurality of nanoparticle-containing composite layers and may be fused to one another via an automated process.

Abstract: A multi-layered interconnect structure and method of formation. In a first embodiment, first and second liquid crystal polymer (LCP) dielectric layers are directly bonded, respectively, to first and second opposing surface of a thermally conductive layer, with no extrinsic adhesive material bonding the thermally conductive layer with either the first or second LCP dielectric layer. In a second embodiment, first and second 2S1P substructures are directly bonded, respectively, to first and second opposing surfaces of a LCP dielectric joining layer, with no extrinsic adhesive material bonding the LCP dielectric joining layer with either the first or second 2S1P substructures.

Abstract: A maleimide terminated polyimide incorporated into a two-part acrylic structural adhesive system. The maleimide terminated polyimide of the various embodiments of the present invention provide improving thermal stability, strength, and toughness.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of a metallic pipeline with firmly adherent plastics sheathing, where, by means of a plasma treatment or by means of a gas-burner flame, an activated surface is generated on a metal pipe, where the exposure time of the surface is less than 3 seconds, and a plastics sheathing is applied to the activated naked surface of the metal pipe and, at the juncture of application of the sheathing, the temperature of the surface of the metal pipe is below 80° C.

Abstract: A method of removing and/or reducing undesirable contaminants removes residues including graphitic layers, fluorinate layers, calcium sulfate (CaSO4) particles, tin oxides and organotin, from a chip passivation layer surface. The method uses a plasma process with an argon and oxygen mixture with optimized plasma parameters to remove both the graphitic and fluorinated layers and to reduce the level of the inorganic/tin oxides/organotin residue from an integrated circuit wafer while keeping the re-deposition of metallic compounds is negligible. This invention discloses the plasma processes that organics are not re-deposited from polymers to solder ball surfaces and tin oxide thickness does not increase on solder balls. The ratio of argon/oxygen is from about 50% to about 99% Ar and about 1% to about 50% O2 by volume. Incoming wafers, after treatment, are then diced to form individual chips that are employed to produce flip chip plastic ball grid array packages.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus is provided with a replacement time detecting unit, which detects the status of residual charges which attract a semiconductor wafer and detects a time when an electrostatic chuck is to be replaced, at a time when a direct voltage application from a direct current source is stopped and the semiconductor wafer is brought up from the electrostatic chuck.

Abstract: An atmospheric pressure plasma reactor includes a high-voltage electrode, a common grounded electrode, a bias electrode and at least one dielectric layer. The high-voltage electrode is connected to a high-voltage power supply. The common grounded electrode is used with the high-voltage electrode to discharge and therefore produce planar atmospheric plasma from reactive gas. The bias electrode is used to generate bias for attracting the ions of the planar atmospheric pressure plasma. The dielectric layer is used to suppress undesirable arc discharge during the discharging.