Abstract: A method for growing III-V nitride films having an N-face or M-plane using an ammonothermal growth technique. The method comprises using an autoclave, heating the autoclave, and introducing ammonia into the autoclave to produce smooth N-face or M-plane Gallium Nitride films and bulk GaN.

Abstract: A coating apparatus includes a chamber device and a transporting device. The chamber device defines two coating chambers, two parallel coating channels, and a transportation channel communicating with the coating channels. The coating chambers are separated from each other. The coating chambers and the coating channels are alternately arranged. Each coating chamber defines at least one coating slot communicating with the respective coating channel. The transporting device includes a shaft rotatable with respect to the chamber device and a carrying board fixed on the shaft. The shaft is axially movable in the transportation channel. The carrying board is receivable in each of the coating channels for exposing a substrate to the corresponding coating chamber via the associated coating slot. The carrying board is rotatable about the shaft in each of the coating channels and jointly movable with the shaft in and along the transportation channel between the coating channels.

Abstract: Lens holders are disclosed that clasp the lens using rubberized paddles to reduce scratching and which include legs that are shaped to enable visual inspection of a lens without removal of the lens from the lens holder. One embodiment includes a lens holder body including a clip and a leg, and a spring fixed to the lens holder body. In addition, the leg includes a ledge, the spring includes two flexible arms terminating in paddles, the paddles are configured to clasp a lens resting on the ledge, at least the portion of each of the paddles that contact a lens clasped by the paddles is constructed from a resilient non-abrasive material, and the leg is formed so that a lens clasped by the springs and resting on the leg can be visually inspected without removing the lens from the lens holder.

Abstract: A resin layer formation method, resin layer formation device, disk and disk manufacturing method for making a resin layer uniform on a substrate before lamination or on a substrate to be coated by a simple procedure are provided. Adhesive A is coated at the inner circumference side while rotating a substrate P at low speed, a first adhesive layer AL1 is formed on the surface of the substrate P by rotating the substrate P at high speed, a step difference section H is formed around a rotation center of the substrate P by irradiating ultraviolet on an area in the inner circumference side of the first adhesive layer AL1 and hardening the area, the adhesive A is coated at the rotation center side from the step difference section H on the substrate P, and a second adhesive layer AL2 is formed on the first adhesive layer AL1 by rotating the substrate P at high speed. The first adhesive layer AL1 and the second adhesive layer AL2 are integrated to form a uniform adhesive layer B as a whole.

Abstract: A deposition source capable of uniformly producing a deposition film. The deposition source includes a furnace, a first heating unit surrounding the furnace to heat the furnace and a second heating unit spaced-apart from the first heating unit by an interval and surrounding the furnace to heat the furnace, wherein the second heating unit comprises a plurality of separate sub-heating units that surround the furnace.

Abstract: Provided is an evaporating apparatus that deposits a deposition material onto a treatment object. The evaporating apparatus includes a base, a deposition source, and first and second correction units. The deposition source deposits the deposition material onto the treatment object. The base is disposed separately from the treatment object. The deposition source is placed on a surface of the base. The first and second correction units located between the deposition source and the treatment object. The first and second correction units are disposed on outer regions of the deposition source and face each other. Each of the first and second correction units rotates to control the thickness of a layer formed by the deposition material deposited on the treatment object.

Abstract: An HVPE reactor arrangement comprises a reaction chamber (1), a gas inlet (2) for introducing process gases to the reaction chamber, a residual gas outlet (3), and a pump (4) for evacuating the residual gases from the reaction chamber via the residual gas outlet, the pump being capable of creating and maintaining in the reaction chamber a pressure less than or equal to about 100 mbar. According to the present invention, the reactor arrangement comprises means (6, 7, V2, V3) for supplying dissolving fluid to the pump for dissolving the possible parasitic deposition of the agents of the residual gases on the pump inner surfaces.

Abstract: In a deposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, a buffer unit is provided between a vaporizer and a reactor of a vaporization supply system to temporarily store source gas, thus, before and when the source gas is supplied to the reactor, the variations of the internal pressure of the vaporizer can be reduced to supply the constant amount of source gas of to reaction spaces, thereby depositing a thin film having a uniform thin-film thickness.

Abstract: UV-resistant materials are disclosed that include at least one self-supporting film of UV-resistant clay particles and that are substantially non-reactive to incident UV radiation. An exemplary material is substantially non-transmissive to at least one UV wavelength of less than 300 nm, can include a polymeric material for enhanced flexibility, and can include an additive that is non-transmissive to at least one UV wavelength of greater than 300 nm. The material can be multiple layers of respective clay films. The materials can be used to form UV-resistant devices such as seals, mounting cushions, and light-shields for use in any of various UV-illumination sources and process systems. An example UV-illumination source is an excimer laser. An example system is a light-CVD system.

Abstract: According to the present invention, plasma oxidation processing and plasma nitridation processing are applied at the same time to the surface of a semiconductor substrate by plasma using a microwave. After forming an insulating film by the plasma oxynitridation processing as described above, the plasma nitridation processing is further applied to the insulating film as necessary. Thereby, it is possible to form the insulating film with an excellent electrical characteristic.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plastic container having a inner wall surface coated with DLC film which has same level of oxygen barrier property as prior art and can prevent a coloring of the DLC film formed on a neck portion of the container, manufacturing apparatus therefor and manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a heat treatment apparatus that can form films having a uniform thickness on a plurality of substrates. The heat treatment apparatus comprises a process chamber configured to grow silicon carbide (SiC) films on wafers, a boat configured to hold a plurality of wafers in a state where the wafers are vertically arranged and approximately horizontally oriented so as to hold the wafers in the process chamber, a heating unit installed in the processing chamber, and a gas supply nozzle configured to supply a reaction gas. The heating unit comprises a susceptor configured to cover at least a part of the boat, and a susceptor wall disposed between the boat and the susceptor.

Abstract: To improve the transportation away of the milk within an arrangement comprising a teat rubber and a milk hose which has a curved section, wherein the arrangement has a flow path for conducting away milked milk, which flow path is connected to the surrounding atmosphere via a channel, it is proposed that the channel is designed in such a manner that the flow direction of the air flowing through the channel into the flow path of the milk corresponds essentially to the flow direction of the milk, and the channel is formed in one of the walls of the curved section.

Abstract: A tubular element (9) tubular element (9) provides an inner space forming a passage for conducting milk, with a first material portion (9a) which constitutes the main part of the tubular element (9) and an additional material portion (9b) which includes a vent passage (9b) adapted to supply air to the inner space of the tubular element (9). The first material portion (9a) and the additional material portion (9b) are fixedly connected to each other in a contact area (9d) such that the material portions (9a, b) form an integrated unit. A method of manufacturing the tubular element.

Abstract: A method for training, exercising, and entertaining an animal comprises providing a dispenser in a first location accessible to a predetermined animal. The dispenser comprises a storage compartment configured to store rewards and to dispense rewards, a first signaling module configured to generate a reward signal, and a wireless module configured to receive a dispense signal. A target is provided in a second location, wherein the second location is a fixed distance from the first location and the fixed distance is based on a training condition for the animal. A system configuration of the dispenser and the target is set. The target comprises a second signaling module, a sensor, and a wireless module configured to transmit a dispense signal. The sensor is configured to detect a predetermined animal behavior. In one embodiment, the predetermined animal behavior comprises depression of a touch sensor.

Abstract: An animal feeding dish having a relatively shallow-food holding bowl that is upraised from the floor by a platform or pedestal so as to minimize whisker contact of an animal eating from the dish. The platform or pedestal can include spaced apart outwardly extending supports that shield interiorly disposed legs carried thereby from food dropped during eating while also preventing tipping of the dish. Such a bowl can be a spherical section having an advantageously large radius of curvature, including relative to bowl width or diameter, which produces a desirably shallow depth bowl that prevents whisker contact. The bottom most portion of the bowl is spaced suitably high relative to overall dish height to more optimally position the mouth of the animal during feeding to further minimize whisker contact.

Abstract: A pet litter receptacle includes a first tray comprising a cavity defined by sidewalls and a bottom surface. The receptacle includes a first grate positioned within the cavity such that a top surface of the grate is positioned below a top edge of the cavity. A first fabric material is positioned on and covering the top surface of the grate and having a top surface of the fabric material positioned above the top edge of the cavity such that liquids pass through the fabric material and the grate and collect in the cavity and solids are retained on the top surface of the fabric material.

Abstract: Provides a “front porch” device to wildlife houses for required predator protection and weather protection to the house entrance while utilizing the design to incorporate complete gable venting of the house. The invention consists of a gable roof with a front panel set away from the front face and outside of the wildlife house to deter predator access and provide a shield to the weather over the house entrance. The front panel is supported on the bottom or sides by mounting members of required thickness. The “front porch” is spaced away from the front face of the house at a distance which allows ease of passage or has an opening for passage of the wildlife for which it is provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pet game cover, comprising a body (8) having a height (h), a width (w) and a length (L) arranged to be gripable by the mouth of a pet, said body (8) or body portion (76?) having outer walls comprising outer wall portions, a lower end and a top end, said body (8) or body portion (76?) being arranged with an inwardly protruding void (v) to form an open space within said body (8) or body portion (76?), wherein said void (v) is formed by having a main portion of the total area exposed by said outer walls provided by wall portions having a limited wall thickness (t), and formed in a durable and washable polymeric material, preferably thermo formable.

Abstract: A clip device that pinch induces a behavior inhibition response in a mammal by means of two jaws that close to form a skin fold loop. The clips device provides manual scruffing by means of gathering skin between the two jaws such that internal surfaces of the skin structure are in juxtaposition to each other and external surfaces of a mammal's skin are at interfaces to the jaws. The clip device is placed on the mammal's neck region or its tail head at a non-noxious pressure between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The clip device induces a passive response from a mammal so a procedure can be performed on the mammal with two free hands of a user.

Abstract: A device (1) for cleaning a boiler (13) of a combustion system (16), comprising a fluid distributor (2) which has at least one flow passage (3) with an inlet opening (4) and an outlet opening (5), wherein the inlet opening (4) can be connected to a feed line (6) for a fluid, wherein the flow passage (3) is constructed with at least one connection changer (7) by which disconnecting of the at least one flow passage (3) from the feed line (7) and connecting of the at least one flow passage (3) to at least one further connecting unit (8) can be carried out. Furthermore, a method for operating such a device in connection with a boiler of a combustion system is proposed.

Abstract: A hydrogen fuel system for an internal combustion engine includes a water reservoir and a fuel cell in fluid communication with the water reservoir. An oxygen line is fluidly coupled to the hydrogen fuel cell and receives and transports oxygen away from the fuel cell. A hydrogen line is fluidly coupled to the fuel cell and receives and transports hydrogen away from the fuel cell. An engine gas interface is fluidly coupled to the oxygen line and the hydrogen line, and operatively coupled to an engine intake. The engine gas interface receives oxygen and hydrogen from the oxygen and hydrogen lines, and introduces the hydrogen and oxygen into the engine intake. A vibration sensor is operatively coupled to the engine gas interface to detect engine vibration of the internal combustion engine, and deactivates the fuel when the sensor does not detect vibration from the engine.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and system for supplementing fuel for an internal combustion engine by applying a current across a cathode and an anode in an aqueous electrolyte solution to generate fuel gas such as hydrogen; directing the fuel gas to fill a collapsible bag; directing the fuel gas past the collapsible bag to the internal combustion engine when the collapsible bag is full; and allowing the fuel gas that filled the collapsible bag to be drawn into the engine when the engine requires a fuel boost.

Abstract: Engine correction inputs to control oscillation in an engine output in a transition between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine cycle modes of an HCCI engine are determined as follows: for each mode, valve timings which modify the engine output the most upon switching are determined, and a linear engine system model is defined at least partially based on the determined valve timings, which model provides mappings relating initial conditions of the engine and the engine correction inputs to outputs of the engine; initial conditions of the engine corresponding to a switching point for switching between the two modes are determined; desired engine output conditions upon switching between the two modes are specified; and the engine correction inputs are determined by using the determined initial conditions, the desired engine output conditions, and the linear engine system model corresponding to the engine cycle mode in effect upon switching.

Abstract: A piston has an upper crown portion with an upper combustion wall against which combustion forces act and a lower crown portion with a pair of pin bosses spaced for receipt of a small end of a connecting rod therebetween. The upper crown portion and the lower crown portion form an outer oil gallery and a central oil gallery in fluid communication with one another. The central oil gallery is formed in part by an annular flange extending radially inwardly from the outer oil gallery and upwardly toward the upper combustion wall to a free edge spaced from the upper combustion wall. The free edge forms an opening about a central axis of the piston and has a non-planar uppermost surface with depressions aligned diametrically opposite one another across the opening to improve the oil flow throughout the central oil gallery.

Abstract: An air induction device for a vehicle comprises an air cleaner integrated into a radiator fan shroud; an air inlet configured to direct air into the air cleaner; and an air outlet configured to receive air from the air cleaner for distribution to an engine of the vehicle.

Abstract: A mechanism for compensating systematic uni-directional torque bias imposed on a bi-directional drive actuator shaft, comprising a pallet disposed on an arm for rotation with the actuator shaft. A bucket tappet is engaged by the pallet and contains a helical compression spring. As the actuator shaft rotates and compresses the spring, the load on the pallet increases linearly but the length of the lever arm changes non-linearly at a rate different from the force applied to the pallet. This results in a non-linear torque about the actuator shaft. The torque can be the same at the compression spring preload state as it is at the full load state or it can be biased to be unsymmetrical based on the layout and size of the components and the stroke of the actuator shaft.

Abstract: A valve drive system (1) having a support element (2) and a switchable cam follower (3) that is linked on this support element in an articulated way is provided. The cam follower (3) is made from an outer lever (4) between whose arms (5) runs an inner lever (6), wherein at least the outer lever (4) is provided on its top side (7) with a contact surface (8) for a lifting cam, n the inner lever (6) has, on a bottom side (9) on a first end (10), a contact (11) for a gas-exchange valve and at least on the other end (12) two side walls (13) that are spaced apart and in which extend opposing boreholes (14). The side walls (13) are bridged by a tubular axle piece (15) that sits in the boreholes (14) and in whose opening (16) run two diametrically opposed coupling pistons (17).

Abstract: A lash adjuster includes a nut member inserted in a receiving hole formed in the top surface of a cylinder head, an adjusting screw having an external thread on its outer periphery which is in threaded engagement with an internal thread on the inner periphery of the nut member, and a return spring biasing the adjusting screw. The adjusting screw has an end protruding from the nut member and pivotally supporting an arm of a valve gear. The adjusting screw is a solid member. A spring seat is disposed between the adjusting screw and the return spring and kept in point contact with the end of the adjusting screw inserted in the nut member. The spring seat is axially slidably fitted in the inner periphery of the nut member, thereby keeping the adjusting screw and the spring seat coaxial with each other.

Abstract: An improved SHVL for an internal combustion engine comprises an improved arrangement for locking a spring tower into a pin housing. The spring tower is provided with an annular OD groove as in the prior art. The pin housing ID groove is modified to have a two-step groove comprising two adjacent regions having different depths (different diameters) and having a distinct transition lip therebetween. A spring clip of the correct size seats properly in the spring tower groove and in the lesser-diameter pin housing groove, resulting in a correct overall length of the SHVL. Any oversize clip is caught between the lower lip of the spring tower groove and the transition lip of the two-step pin housing groove, resulting in a SHVL distinctly shorter than nominal, which is easily detected by either direct length measurement or a gauge.

Abstract: A laser device of a so-called laser ignition is provided, in which the heat dissipation is improved between a combustion chamber window and a housing, and the cooling or temperature of the combustion chamber window is able to be adjusted within broad limits by simple modifications.

Abstract: A laser module includes a housing and at least one laser device situated in the housing for generating laser pulses. The laser module has at least one primary sealing region and a secondary sealing region that is situated at least partially in the primary sealing region, and the laser device is situated within the secondary sealing region.

Abstract: A spark plug capable of preventing a separation of a noble metal tip and capable of extending a service-life of the spark plug.

Abstract: A spark plug includes a center electrode extending along an axial line, a ground electrode, and a noble metal tip. A center axis of the noble metal tip is displaced from a center axis of the ground electrode toward a base-end side in the axial line. The ground electrode includes an outer layer and an inner layer, and a distal end of the inner layer is closer to the axial line than a base end of the ground electrode. An overlap area between the inner layer and the noble metal tip occupies a ratio of 25% or more in a projective plane defined by projecting, along the center axis, a plane of the ground electrode viewed from a distal-end face on a cross section of the ground electrode in which a maximum cross-sectional area of the inner layer is achieved, among cross sections orthogonal to the center axis.

Abstract: In a device for starting an engine, in which when the engine is restarted from idling stop, a cylinder which is restarted initially among all cylinders is determined on the basis of a piston stopping position of each cylinder in the idling stop, if there is a specified cylinder which is judged to cause a misfire when the specified cylinder is restarted initially among all cylinders, a piston stopping position of the specified cylinder in the idling stop is controlled such that the specified cylinder does not become a cylinder which is restarted initially among all cylinders.

Abstract: In a method for starting an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder, an inlet and an outlet valve, and having a piston interacting with a crankshaft, and the crankshaft moving in a predetermined rotational direction during normal operation of the internal combustion engine, the piston is located in an initial position, the piston is moved into a defined starting position against a normal rotational direction of the crankshaft by means of a drive, fuel is injected, and the fuel is ignited.

Abstract: A cooling channel piston for an internal combustion engine which includes a piston bottom and a piston shaft that are joined thereto of a friction welding process. The piston bottom and the piston shaft jointly form a cooling channel. An annular wall which radially delimits the cooling channel towards the outside is formed by the piston bottom and/or the piston shaft. The annular wall can be sealed by a welding process once the piston bottom and the piston shaft have been joined together.

Abstract: A method for surface treatment capable of easily improving a mechanical strength of an internal combustion piston at a reasonable cost is provided. A modified surface layer is formed by injecting injection powders containing a reinforcing element to be collided with an Al—Si alloy-based piston obtained by casting and forging by injecting under predetermined conditions, the reinforcing element being diffused and penetrated in the piston to improve the strength thereof. When a function, such as fuel modification, is imparted to the modified surface layer, an element exhibiting a photocatalytic function by oxidation, such as Ti, Sn, Zn, Zr, or W, is selected as the reinforcing element.

Abstract: A sliding component for an internal combustion engine includes a component main body made of titanium or a titanium alloy, a surface hardened layer provided on a surface of the component main body, a diamond-like carbon film provided on the surface hardened layer, and a titanium layer provided between the surface hardened layer and the diamond-like carbon film.

Abstract: This rotary engine configuration combines the four cycles required to produce power, thrust, exhaust, intake, and compression which are merged into a single cycle per revolution. Most conventional engine designs need two revolutions. This requires the mechanical functions to produce power simultaneously; consequently, the parts are performing several functions at the same time. So, only very few parts are needed. The rotor is the big worker. Combustion turns the rotor power cog one way, while the exhaust gases go the opposite way to escape through an opening directly behind the power cog, into the open air. In this concept, where many power generating functions are going on at the same time, only one moving assembly is needed. Fewer parts used translate into the many benefits described in the claims. The fact that 345 degrees pressure differential are being applied to the power cog is doing work. This work produced during the 345 degrees maximizes more fuel economy compared to conventional engines.

Abstract: A control system and method for operating an engine includes an HCCI mode control module operating an engine in a homogeneous charge compression (HCCI) mode. The control system also includes a difference module determining an actual difference between a desired torque amount and a spark ignition (SI) threshold. An SI mode control module operates the engine in a SI state when the actual difference is above a threshold band. A HCCI mode control module operates the engine in the HCCI mode for a predetermined time when the actual difference is within the torque threshold band. The HCCI mode control module operates the engine in the HCCI mode when the actual difference is below the torque threshold band.

Abstract: An engine includes a rotatable crankshaft and an expansion piston slidably received within an expansion cylinder and operatively connected to the crankshaft. A crossover passage including walls connects a source of high pressure gas to the expansion cylinder. A crossover expansion (XovrE) valve is operable to control fluid communication between the crossover passage and the expansion cylinder. The XovrE valve includes a valve head and a valve stem extending from the valve head. A fuel injector operable to inject fuel into the crossover passage includes a plurality of spray holes disposed in a nozzle end and aimed at an at least one target at which fuel emitting from the spray holes is directed to form at least one spray pattern. The at least one target is located above a seated position of the XovrE valve head and between the walls of the crossover passage and the XovrE valve stem.

Abstract: A method of calibrating throttle controls in an electronic shift and throttle system includes opening the throttle and then moving the throttle back towards a hard stop in increments. The voltage level of an electrical signal sent by a throttle position sensor is measured and recorded at each increment. An idle position is established as being where the lowest voltage level was measured when the throttle is at least 0.75° away from the hard stop.

Abstract: A method for operation of a fuel delivery system in an internal combustion engine including a lower pressure pump, a higher pressure pump fluidly coupled downstream of the lower pressure pump, and a fuel rail fluidly coupled downstream of the high pressure pump. The method including initiating a mitigating action based on a fuel rail pressure response, the fuel rail pressure response occurring after an engine shut-down, where the mitigating action includes disabling vehicle operation if fuel rail pressure drops below a threshold value after activation of one of the pumps, the activation occurring before a subsequent engine start, the subsequent engine start occurring after the engine shut-down, and where the mitigating action includes adjusting operation of one of the pumps during the subsequent engine start if fuel rail pressure achieves at least the threshold value after or during the activation.

Abstract: To provide an accumulator fuel injection device, so as to stabilize the operation of a pressure control valve for controlling a fuel pressure in an accumulator. The accumulator fuel injection device includes a pressure control valve 6 for controlling the fuel pressure in the accumulator by moving an armature 13 in an armature chamber 22 and by adjusting escaped volumes of the fuels from the accumulator 2 due to a valving element 11 formed integral with the armature 13 in a control chamber 21 introducing the fuels in the accumulator 2. A means for attenuating the pressure transmitted from the accumulator 2 to the valve seat 10 is provided in the valve seat 10 disposed between the control chamber 21 and the accumulator 2 of the pressure control valve 6.

Abstract: To make it possible to pump a fuel from a supply pump into an accumulator, even when a pressure control means provided with a pressurized fuel pathway is out of action. In a fuel supply system of an engine, which is provided with pressure control means 20, 40 controlling a fuel pressure in an accumulator 2, on the pressurized fuel pathway delivering the fuel from a feed pump 16 via a supply pump 3 having plurality of plungers 5,5 into the accumulator 2, at least one pressurized fuel pathway is not provided with the pressure control means 20, 40 and the other pressurized fuel pathways are provided with the pressure control means 20, 40, out of plurality of pressurized fuel pathways delivering the fuel from the feed pump 16 via plurality of plungers 5,5 into the accumulator 2.

Abstract: A fuel system component for a direct injection internal combustion engine. The component includes a fuel rail and a plurality of direct injection fuel injectors which are rigidly attached to the rail. Each fuel injector has an elongated body as well as a harness assembly extending laterally outward from the elongated body. Each injector is attached to the fuel rail such that, when viewed along an axis of the fuel injector body, the fuel rail overlies at least a portion of the injector body and at least a portion of the harness assembly.

Abstract: A quasi free piston engine uses, a small, lightweight crankshaft to connect the piston assemblies of the free piston engine with a flywheel. While most of the power output from the combustion pistons is extracted by pumping pistons as hydraulic power, the small crankshaft and flywheel ensure exact TDC position of the combustion pistons in operation, and provide a rotating means to drive combustion cylinder intake and exhaust valves. Flywheel speed may be monitored to provide feedback on power extraction for further control of the system. In addition, a hydraulic push-rod system for efficient valve actuation is provided.

Abstract: A method for determining an opening voltage of an injector having a piezo actuator, in particular an injector of an internal combustion engine, in which an output voltage is applied at the piezo actuator in the closed state of the injector, and the voltage is lowered by energizing the piezo actuator so as to open the injector. The energy supply is interrupted at a holding voltage and the voltage change present at the piezo actuator is then measured over the time, the reaching of the opening voltage being inferred in the case of a voltage rise.

Abstract: An engine assembly may include a crankcase ventilation assembly having a fuel separator assembly. The fuel separator assembly may include a condensing unit and a vaporizing unit. The condensing unit may include a gas region and a liquid retaining region. A gas inlet may be in fluid communication with the gas region and a gas flow from the engine block including fuel vapor. The condensing unit may convert the fuel vapor to liquid fuel. The first gas outlet may be in fluid communication with an engine air inlet and provide a remainder of the gas flow thereto. The fluid region may store and provide the liquid fuel to the vaporizing unit through a liquid inlet. The vaporizing unit may convert the liquid fuel to fuel vapor and a second gas outlet may provide the fuel vapor to the air inlet.