Abstract: A rotary clamp mechanism for a fiber placement head comprises a one-way bearing and a freewheeling roller mounted upstream of the restart mechanism. An actuating mechanism brings the freewheeling roller and the one-way bearing into contact with the fiber tow and allows the tow to be fed through the head from the upstream to the downstream end, but prevents the fiber tow from traveling in the reverse direction through the head. The rotary clamp is put into contact with the fiber tow prior to cutting the tow, and remains in contact with the tow until the restart mechanism has advanced the cut tow to the delivery end of the head. The rotary clamp eliminates the need for precise timing between the cutting and clamping mechanisms, and increases the application rate of fiber tow by the head.

Abstract: A retractable cellular shade is illustrated in various embodiments to consist of a support structure that could assume numerous forms including cellular material, flexible sheets of material, tapes or ribbons, or flexible monofilaments or similar cords of natural or synthetic fibers with the support structure supporting a plurality of vanes or slats in various configurations and orientations. The movement of the vanes or slats is totally dependent upon movement of the support structure. The fabric so formed can be incorporated into a covering for architectural openings with the covering including a headrail with means for gathering the fabric material within the headrail.

Abstract: A retractable cellular shade is illustrated in various embodiments to consist of a support structure that could assume numerous forms including cellular material, flexible sheets of material, tapes or ribbons, or flexible monofilaments or similar cords of natural or synthetic fibers with the support structure supporting a plurality of vanes or slats in various configurations and orientations. The movement of the vanes or slats is totally dependent upon movement of the support structure. The fabric so formed can be incorporated into a covering for architectural openings with the covering including a headrail with means for gathering the fabric material within the headrail.

Abstract: An extendable rod has a head that captures a partition curtain and holds the curtain near a surface such as a ceiling or wall. The head has an outer surface (e.g., an upper surface when the head is abutting a ceiling) that has a deformable gripping surface. The lower surface of the head is metallic and relies upon magnetic force to capture the curtain in place on the head. In a first embodiment the lower surface has downwardly depending flanges on opposite ends. In another embodiment, the downwardly depending flanges form a three-sided seat for receiving a magnet. The curtain is draped over the upper surface of the head and is wrapped over the lower surface. A magnet or magnets are placed onto the lower surface, inward of the flange or seat, capturing the curtain and holding it in place on the head. The rod is then extended so that the upper surface of the head bears against the ceiling or other surface and such that there is no structure between the head and the ceiling except the curtain.

Abstract: A screen fabric frame is disclosed including a locking strip and a frame member. The frame member includes a locking strip groove extending at least a portion of a length of the frame member. The locking strip groove includes a central groove configured to receive the locking strip, a minor side groove having a minor depth, and a major side groove distal the central groove, the major side groove having a major depth greater than minor depth of the minor side groove.

Abstract: A method of making pulp adapted to be used in forming corrugating medium is disclosed. The method comprises cooking woodchips in a first liquor in the absence of an alkali addition. The method further comprises mechanically fiberizing the woodchips to form a pulp. The method further comprises separating hydrolyzate from the pulp. The method further comprises treating the pulp with a second liquor, the second liquor including at least one alkali. The method further comprises refining the pulp.

Abstract: Sugarcane bagasse consists of mainly three polymeric components, namely cellulose (40-45%), hemicellulose (xylan) (28-30%), and lignin (19-21%). A process is herein disclosed for fractionating sugarcane bagasse into cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin with high purity ?-cellulose, which is a useful raw material for preparing cellulose esters like cellulose triacetate and other high value-added cellulose plastics. Co-production and recovery of hemicellulose (xylan) and lignin in high yields and high purities, along with ?-cellulose, is another important feature of this process. Sugarcane bagasse consists of a material known as pith which constitutes 30-35% by weight of bagasse. Pith contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, in addition to various other ingredients and cell mass. The process described herein discloses the use of partially depithed bagasse as a preferred raw material for fractionation.

Abstract: Methods for processing pulp in an apparatus for washing and dewatering pulp and a system for controlling this apparatus are provided. The apparatus includes a pair of rotatable press rolls installed in vats and including a press nip therebetween, an inlet for feeding the pulp to the press nip, with one of the press rolls being movable in relation to the other and in which the processing of the pulp is determined by the number of variable operating parameters. The method includes utilizing the distance between the press rolls as a variable operating parameter, setting a desired value for a specific control parameter, measuring the specific control parameter, and adjusting at least two of the variable operating parameters during operation to maintain the difference between the desired value and the measured value of the specific control parameter below a predetermined difference. Systems for controlling this apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a paper substrate containing high surface sizing and low internal sizing and having high dimensional stability, as well as methods of making and using the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and a method of a paper machine or the like for saving energy in the drying section. According to the invention, in the drying section of a paper machine or the like in connection with a pocket space (9) between two drying cylinders (1, 2) and one turn roll (3), there are the following delimiting said pocket space (9): a first drying cylinder (1), a second drying cylinder (2), a turning suction roll (3) and a wire (5, 5a, 5b), which is arranged to travel from the first drying cylinder (1) to the turning suction roll (3) and from there on to the second drying cylinder (2). The arrangement further comprises a box-like runnability component (10) and a sealing element (19) arranged in the lower part of the runnability component (10), in the gap between the runnability component and the turning suction roll (3) in order to seal said gap and thereby to promote the operation of the turning suction roll (3).

Abstract: The object of the invention is an arrangement and a method for controlling underpressure in the drying section of a paper machine or the like in connection with a pocket space between two drying cylinders and one turn roll. The object of the invention is also a runnability component in a paper machine or the like, such as a board or a finishing machine. The runnability component comprises an entry side, a lower part and an exit side, which are in contact with each other and delimit the volume of a box-like runnability component, and a sealing element, which is arranged in connection with the entry side surface and which divides the surface into a first part and a second part. The runnability component is provided with a channel, which extends from the first part of the entry side surface to its second part and connects them.

Abstract: The digester screen is for a continuous digester in which cooked cellulose pulp is produced. The digester screen has a number of screen bars arranged vertically in the continuous digester that have withdrawal slots (S) between the fixed screen bars through which withdrawal slots cooking fluid can be withdrawn from the column of pulp (P) of the digester. By having every second screen bar fixedly arranged and recessed a distance (D) relative to the neighboring screen bar an increased withdrawal capacity for the screen is obtained.

Abstract: A method includes steps of: expressing changes of velocity components of a paper material at an exit of a slice lip by using a mathematical model, wherein the changes of velocity components are caused by manipulating an edge flow adjustment means (or a side bleed adjustment means) of a headbox when supplying the paper material on a wire; without changing a velocity component of a flow of the paper material in the mathematical model, setting the mathematical model based on an assumption in which a velocity component orthogonally crossing a flow direction of the paper material is proportionally changed by changes of an edge flow (or a side bleed) of a certain response width from the exit of the slice lip; and conducting a forecasting calculation of changes of a fiber orientation profile in a cross direction by using the mathematical model.

Abstract: In a narrow used paper processing space of a used paper recycling apparatus of furniture size, this is a dewatering device for executing smoothly and efficiently a dewatering process as a principal component of a paper making process for manufacturing used paper pulp. Being disposed in a linkage location between a mesh belt and a smooth surface belt, and configured to roll and squeeze the mesh belt and the smooth surface belt from the upper and lower sides in a compressed state, the apparatus includes a preliminary dewatering roll unit for squeezing and dewatering preliminarily the wet paper on the mesh belt, and a final dewatering roll unit for squeezing and dewatering the wet paper on the mesh belt preliminarily dewatered in the preliminary dewatering roll unit to obtain dry paper of specified water content.

Abstract: In a used paper recycling apparatus of furniture size that can be installed not only in a big office, but also in a small shop or general household room, this is a paper making device for making and producing recycled paper that is hardly lowered in strength if re-used repeatedly. The running condition of the mesh belt which runs while filtering and dewatering the pulp suspension is set in a range of maintaining the pulp fibers in the pulp suspension supplied on the mesh belt in a non-directional and disorderly array state, and therefore the manufactured recycled paper is free from so-called “texture of paper,” and the paper quality is uniform in anisotropy not different in longitudinal and lateral directions, and is sufficiently high in strength.

Abstract: A method of making a steel with low carbon less than 0.035% by weight including steps of preparing a heat of molten steel composition in a steelmaking furnace to a tapping temperature as desired for desulfurization at a VTD, tapping open into a ladle the molten steel composition with an oxygen level between about 600 and 1120 ppm, providing slag forming compound to the ladle to form a slag cover over the molten steel composition in the ladle, transporting the molten steel to a VTD, decarburizing the molten steel composition at the VTD by drawing a vacuum of less than 650 millibars, after decarburizing, transporting the molten steel to an LMF and deoxidizing the molten steel composition, after deoxidizing, returning to the VTD to desulfurize and degas the molten steel composition, and casting the molten steel composition to form a steel with low carbon less than 0.035% by weight.

Abstract: A core for investment casting processes includes a core having one or more ceramic materials; and an exterior layer of metal material not susceptible to oxidation under investment casting operating conditions. A method for casting a turbine engine component having an internal passageway includes the steps of forming one or more mold sections each having internal surfaces and at least one of the aforementioned cores for forming one or more turbine engine components having at least one internal passageway; assembling the one or more mold sections; introducing a molten alloy into the one or more assembled mold sections; and consuming the metal of the at least one core during the process.

Abstract: A method of processing metal, metallic alloys, and metal matrix composites in a plastics injection molding machine is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a plastics injection molding machine having a screw. A step of removing the screw is included in the method. A step of replacing the screw with a modified screw configured and arranged for processing metals is also included. Alternatively, a step of removing the flights from the middle portion of the original screw shaft may be included.

Abstract: A method for removing a casted part, for use in a die casting machine comprises the steps of setting a position in which a chuck performs an operation to grasp a casted part attached to a movable mold as a position from which the casted part is to be removed, and setting a relative positional relationship between a handle portion which is a part of the casted part attached to the movable mold to be grasped by the chuck and a movable die plate. The method further comprises the step of advancing the chuck between the movable mold and the fixed mold and positioning the chuck at the position from which the casted part is to be removed, in parallel with the movement of the movable die plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a casting tool comprising a bottom mold element (20) having a top-open mold recess (28) defining at least part of the shape of a casting to be produced (8), and comprising an ejector assembly (30) which is displaceable relatively to the first mold element in the direction of a vertical Z-axis and which has at least one ejector rod (34), which can be caused to protrude into the mold recess (28) in said bottom mold element (20) by displacement of said ejector assembly (30) relatively to said bottom mold element (20) wherein a base member (32) of the ejector assembly (30) to which the at least one ejector rod (34) is attached, is disposed in an ejector region (70) below the bottom mold element (20) and at least two force transferring members (40, 44) extending in the direction of the Z-axis are provided which are designed to transfer the forces (90a, 90b) downwardly acting on said mold element to a machine bed (6) of the casting machine disposed beneath said casting mold, at least one ou

Abstract: The invention relates to a venting unit for a die casting device which has a mold cavity that is adapted to be filled with liquid casting material and a gas suction device that is connected to the mold cavity for extracting gas from the mold cavity by suction, the venting unit comprising a flow labyrinth, the inlet of which is adapted to be connected to the mold cavity and the outlet of which is adapted to be connected to the gas suction device. In order to develop the venting unit in such a way that it makes improved evacuation of the mold cavity possible without the risk that liquid casting material can escape from the venting unit, it is proposed according to the invention that the flow cross-section of the flow labyrinth is variable. Furthermore, a die casting device with a venting unit of this kind is proposed.

Abstract: 7xxx aluminum alloy weld filler alloys and methods of using the same are described. The 7xxx aluminum alloy weld filler alloys may be used to repair 7xxx alloy products. The repaired volume of the 7xxx alloy products may be substantially crack-free, and may facilitate reuse of the repaired 7xxx alloy products.

Abstract: The mold for aluminothermic welding of metal rails has two components made of identical rigid refractory material and suitable for fitting around two ends of rails to be welded, each component includes: a lower part having a face defining a mold cavity suitable for enveloping the foot and a core of the ends of the rails, and a channel opening at the bottom into a lower region of the mold cavity and having at the top an opening and an upper part including a cooling chamber connected to the mold cavity and capable of containing the heads of the rail ends, the cooling chamber forming a non-compartmentalized volume to which the channel is connected via the opening and which is bounded by an external wall of each mold component.

Abstract: A continuous casting plant in particular for long steel products is provided with a mould (1), from which a cast strand (2) is continuously cast. The cast strand (2) is guided along a, in particular curved, guideway formed by guide rollers (11, 12, 13, 14) arranged one after the other, and at the same time in a cooling chamber having spray members. The guide rollers (12, 13, 14) and/or the spray members are contained in a plurality of centring modules (10) or spray modules (3) arranged one after the other and are adjustable in a controlled manner substantially concentrically with respect to the desired axis of the cast strand. As a result, on the one hand, the risk of thermally overloading the rollers and damaging the strand surface is considerably reduced and symmetrical cooling is ensured.

Abstract: In a process for producing steel long products by continuous casting of steel to form billet and bloom strands (5) and subsequent rolling of said billet and bloom strands, the liquid steel is cast in a continuous-casting permanent mould (3). The cast billet and bloom strands (5) are fed substantially without subsequent heating directly to a roll train (20). This makes the design of the plant more simple, and more cost-effective operation is made possible.

Abstract: One non-limiting embodiment of an apparatus for forming an alloy powder or preform includes a melting assembly, an atomizing assembly, and a collector. The melting assembly produces at least one of a stream of a molten alloy and a series of droplets of a molten alloy, and may be substantially free from ceramic in regions contacted by the molten alloy. The atomizing assembly generates electrons and impinges the electrons on molten alloy from the melting assembly, thereby producing molten alloy particles.

Abstract: A heat source recycling unit includes at least one heat removing device, a heat source conversion device and a heat preservation box. The heat removing device includes a heat inlet end connects with the pre-recycling heat source and, a heat outlet end connects with the heat source conversion device. The heat preservation box includes a heat preservation room and a refrigeration room. The heat source conversion device converts the received heat energy into heat energy and cold energy, and then transmits them to the heat preservation room and the refrigeration room respectively. The invention also provides a heat source recycling system.

Abstract: Heat exchanger which is composed of a base plate (2), several cooling fins (3) and accumulator blocks (6), whereby the cooling fins (3) are fixed to the base plate (2) and the accumulator blocks (6) are pressed in the base plate or provided therein, characterised in that the base plate (2) and cooling fins (3) are made of a first metal alloy and in that the accumulator blocks (6) are made of a second metal alloy whereby the second metal alloy provides for a better heat conduction than the first metal alloy.

Abstract: A system and method of maximizing heat transfer at the bottom of a well using heat conductive components and a predictive model are used to design and implement a closed-loop solid state heat extraction system to conduct geothermal heat from rock within the well. A heat conductive material inserted into the well conducts heat to the fluid heat exchanging element. The closed-loop solid state heat extraction system extracts geothermal heat from the well without exposing the rock surrounding the heat nest to a liquid flow.

Abstract: An airflow-direction adjustment unit is configured to adjust a direction of air expelled to an exterior from a main body of a heat source unit of a refrigeration apparatus, the airflow-direction adjustment unit. The airflow-direction adjustment unit includes a mounting member and a closing member. The mounting member has-at least one expulsion opening arranged and configured to expel the air from the heat source unit main body. The mounting member is mounted on the heat source unit main body. The closing member is arranged and configured to block some portion of the at least one expulsion opening.

Abstract: A cooling circuit for at least two reactors which form at least part of a polymerisation reactor system is described, which circuit comprises: one or more heat exchangers which provide at least 95% of the cooling requirement for the cooling circuit; a cold flow of cooling fluid exiting the one or more heat exchangers, part of which cold flow passes into a first inlet flow directed to the cooling system of a first reactor, and part of which passes into a second inlet flow directed to the cooling system of a second reactor; a return flow comprising the combined exit flows of the cooling fluids used to remove the heat from each of the reactors; wherein a potion of the return flow is diverted to bypass at least one of the heat exchangers, and is wholly or partly incorporated into at least one of the first and second inlet flows. The application also covers a process using the above circuit.

Abstract: An exemplary cooling device includes a hollow cylinder and a number of fins. The hollow cylinder has a top end and an opposite bottom end. The fins are evenly distributed on an outer circumferentila surface of the hollow cylinder along radial directions. Each of the fins includes a first portion, a middle portion, and a second portion. A radial width of each fin measured along a direction perpendicular to a center axis of the hollow cylinder gradually decreases along each of the first and second portions toward the middle portion.

Abstract: A liquid-loop compound recuperator is disclosed for high-? heat exchange between a first shell-side fluid stream and a second shell-side fluid stream of similar thermal capacity rates (W/K). The compound recuperator is comprised of at least two fluid-to-liquid (FL) recuperator modules for transfer of heat from a shell-side fluid, usually a gas, to an intermediary tube-side heat transfer liquid (HTL). Each FL module includes a plurality of thermally isolated, serially connected, adjacent exchanger cores inside a pressure vessel. The cores are rows of finned tubes for cross-flow transfer of heat, and they are arranged in series to effectively achieve counterflow exchange between the HTL and the shell-side stream. The HTL may be water, an organic liquid, a molten alloy, or a molten salt.

Abstract: A temperature adjusting mechanism capable of efficiently performing temperature adjustment of a power source element is provided. A temperature adjusting mechanism adjusting a temperature of a power source element, includes a case member which houses the power source element and a first heat exchange medium in liquid form performing heat exchange with the power source element; and a guide member which is connected to the case member and forms at least a portion of a flow path in which a second heat exchange medium flows. The guide member is formed of a material having a higher thermal conductivity than a thermal conductivity of outside air which is in contact with the case member.

Abstract: The present invention is primarily directed to a thermal energy storage apparatus for delivering thermal energy to or from a PCM, comprising an elongated heat conducting container (10) having an insertable thermal energy transfer element (15) placed therein, wherein said thermal energy transfer element comprises a plurality of heat transfer paths in the form of transversely disposed flexible heat conducting members (16), at least a portion of which are in contact with the inner wall of said container (10). The invention is also directed to a system using the thermal energy storage apparatus of the invention.

Abstract: Vapor flow-diverting devices that re-direct upwardly flowing vapor, for example, in a downward direction across condenser tubes disposed in the upper or top section of a vapor-liquid contacting apparatus, are described. These devices are particularly beneficial in tubular condensers within distillation columns and may be used in combination with other associated equipment (e.g., a deflector plate and divider plate) as well as in combination with the tube surface enhancements to improve the heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract: Improvements in tubes, which increase the heat exchange capacity of tubular heat exchangers using the tubes, are described. These improvements involve the use of one or more external surface enhancements, optionally combined with an internal enhancement and/or differing tube geometries. These improvements apply, for example, to internal condensers, including those in which the tube bundles are oriented vertically, in vapor-liquid contacting apparatuses such as distillation columns.

Abstract: A debris filter trap to prevent potentially damaging debris carried by the feedwater entering the pressure vessel of a once through steam generator from entering into the section of tubes which are positioned within the confines of an integrally contained economizer of the once through steam generator. The trap will remove foreign material, from the feedwater flow, that is larger than the space between the tubes, and thus prevent debris particles that are large enough to get lodged in the tube spacing from entering the economizer.

Abstract: A diagonal gasket support (22) in a heat exchanger cassette adapted for a heat exchanger having a contact-free flow channel (28), where the cassette (11, 29) comprises two plates (12) of the same type, where each plate is provided with a corrugated pattern having a plurality of ridges (19) and valleys (20), characterized in that the diagonal gasket support (22) comprises a plurality of indentations (23) and protrusions (24) positioned adjacent each other along a diagonal gasket groove (21). The advantage of such a diagonal gasket support is that a contact-free support at the diagonal gasket is obtained.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating the effluent from a hydrocarbon pyrolysis unit processing heavier than naphtha feeds to recover heat and remove tar therefrom. The method comprises passing the gaseous effluent to at least one primary transfer line heat exchanger, thereby cooling the gaseous effluent and generating superheated steam. Thereafter, the gaseous effluent is passed through at least one secondary transfer line heat exchanger having a heat exchange surface with a liquid coating on said surface, thereby further cooling the remainder of the gaseous effluent to a temperature at which tar, formed by the pyrolysis process, condenses. The condensed tar is then removed from the gaseous effluent in at least one knock-out drum. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided.

Abstract: A thermally insulated structure comprises a conduit and an end cap that is coupled to the conduit. In especially preferred aspects, the conduit is insulated with a first and second insulation material, wherein the end cap is coupled to the conduit and the second insulation material, and wherein the first insulation material is disposed between the conduit and the second insulation material. It is further preferred that the end cap has a thermal dissipation zone that allows use of the second flexible and fluid resistant isolation material isolation without thermal degradation, even where the temperature in the conduit exceeds 500° F., or more.

Abstract: A modular plate and shell heat exchanger in which welded pairs of heat transfer plates are placed in the shell in order to transfer heat from a secondary fluid to a primary fluid. The heat transfer plates are removably connected using gaskets to header pipes which are connected to a primary fluid inlet and a primary fluid outlet nozzle. The header pipes are supported by a structure which rests on an internal track which is attached to the shell and facilitates removal of the heat transfer plates. The modular plate and shell heat exchanger has a removable head integral to the shell for removal of the heat transfer plates for inspection and replacement.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus that extends vertically along a longitudinal axis, that cools a liquid, including: a first delta positioned at a first point along the longitudinal axis, the first delta including: a first inlet conduit for inlet liquid flow, the first inlet conduit being in fluid communication with a first inlet main, and a first outlet conduit for outlet fluid flow, the first outlet conduit being in fluid communication with the first inlet conduit and a first outlet main, and a second delta positioned at a second point along the longitudinal axis above the first delta, the second delta including: a second inlet conduit for inlet liquid flow, the second inlet conduit being in fluid communication with a second inlet main, and a second outlet conduit for outlet fluid flow, the second outlet conduit being in fluid communication with the second inlet conduit and a second outlet main.

Abstract: A vapor compression system including a heat exchanger and a heat exchanger for use in a vapor compression system, the heat exchanger including a shell (76), a hood (86), a tube bundle (78), a distributor (80), and a passageway are disclosed. The shell (76) can include an outlet (104) configured to permit passage of vapor (96) from the shell (76), the hood (86) can be configured and positioned to cover the tube bundle (78) and the distributor (80), the tube bundle (78) can extend substantially horizontally in the shell (76), the distributor (80) can be configured to apply a fluid to the tube bundle (78), and the passageway can be configured and positioned to receive vapor (96) and provide a flow path for the vapor (96) to the outlet (104).

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger, particularly for a motor vehicle, comprising a plurality of exchanger tubes (3) attached to at least one floor for conveying a first fluid, wherein the exchanger tubes (3) are disposed in a housing through which a second fluid flows, wherein a holding member (5) is disposed inside the housing, wherein at least two of the exchanger tubes (3) are supported relative to one another by means of the holding member (5).

Abstract: A cooling manifold and a method for manufacturing the cooling manifold are provided. The cooling manifold includes a housing that defines an interior region having a serpentine flow path therein. The housing has a first plurality of grooves extending from a first surface of the housing into the housing. The grooves do not fluidly communicate with the interior region. The first plurality of grooves receive a portion of a thermally conductive member therein to conduct heat energy from the thermally conductive member to the housing. The cooling manifold further includes a top cap configured to seal a first end of the housing and a bottom cap configured to seal a second end of the housing.

Abstract: In a resin heat exchanger unit, a resin pipe having straight portions and curved portions and a plurality of resin fins are integrally molded and there can be realized high reliability, high heat exchange efficiency, and a simple manufacturing process. The resin heat exchanger unit includes a resin pipe (1), which has straight portions (2) and curved portions (3) provided alternatively and continuously, and a plurality of resin fins (4) connected to the pipe (1), the pipe (1) and the fins (4) being integrally injection-molded.

Abstract: A heat sink for a RAM includes a first and a second heat dissipating plate, on each of which a retaining tongue, a pair of locating tabs, and a catch tab are provided. The retaining tongue includes an expanded head portion and a narrowed root portion, and the head portion is a tab having a specific shape. The catch tab is provided with an expanded through retaining hole and a narrowed through root hole, which are configured to match the shape of the heat portion and the root portion of the retaining tongue, respectively. When the two heat dissipating plates are connected to each other, once the head portions and root portions of the retaining tongues are extended through the corresponding retaining holes and root holes of the catch tabs, the retaining tongues will not unexpectedly separate from the catch tabs.

Abstract: A cooling fin includes fin parts integrally extending from a base part. Each fin part is partially formed at a slant so that a proximal end portion is straight and a distal end portion is wavy (corrugated). Each fin part is partially slanted to make each fin part wavier as coming closer to the distal end portion from the proximal end portion. In a manufacturing process of the cooling fin, firstly, a straight cooling fin is produced by extrusion molding (an extruding step). Subsequently, the distal end portion of each fin is partially bent in a direction intersecting an extruding direction into a wave shape (a bending step).

Abstract: A perforating system having a perforating gun with a high pressure gun body. The gun body can be thickened so that no empty space is present between it and a corresponding gun tube. Alternatively, the gun body could be a solid cylinder with slots radially formed therein to receive a shaped charge. In another embodiment, a flowable material, such as foam, fluid, sand, ceramic beads, eutectic metal, and combinations thereof, is provided in the space between the gun body and gun tube.