Abstract: A downhole apparatus and support assembly is described. The downhole apparatus has a radially expanding portion comprising a swellable elastomeric material selected to increase in volume on exposure to at least one predetermined fluid, and the support assembly is operable to be deployed from a first retracted position to a second expanded condition. The support assembly comprises an inner surface arranged to face the radially expanding portion, and at least a portion of the inner surface is concave. In another aspect the support assembly is configured to direct a force from the swellable material to boost or energize a seal created between the radially expanding portion and a surrounding surface in use.

Abstract: A centralizer for a downhole system, such as but not limited to a casing system. In some embodiments, the centralizer has a tubular body and a plurality of roller ball assemblies circumferentially spaced about the tubular body. Each roller ball assembly includes a plurality of rotatable balls adapted to engage a surface radially offset from the centralizer and rotate relative to the surface in any direction.

Abstract: A system for gasification of coal deposits below the ground surface comprising an injection well assembly comprising one end positioned at the surface and the opposite end located adjacent or within the coal deposit; a production well assembly comprising one end positioned at the surface and the opposite end of the production well assembly located adjacent or within the coal deposit; a non-vertical reaction shaft assembly located adjacent or within the coal deposit, the non-vertical reaction comprising an injection end in communication with the end of the injection well assembly located adjacent or within the coal deposit and a production end in communication with the end of the production well assembly located adjacent or within the coal deposit; and an electric torch configured to move within the non-vertical reaction shaft assembly and create an oxidant and moderator downhole. A method for gasifying coal deposits is also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrocarbons from a reservoir containing the hydrocarbon comprises a steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) incorporating cyclic steam, heavy (e.g. greater than C4) solvent and light (e.g. C2 to C4) solvent injection. The method involves a series of steps wherein the injection of the respective streams is varied. The method provides a significant improvement in hydrocarbon extraction efficiency as compared to a SAGD process alone and mitigates many of the drawbacks associated with typical SAGD operations.

Abstract: Methods for treating a tar sands formation are described herein. Methods for treating a tar sands may include heating a portion of a hydrocarbon layer in the formation from one or more heaters located in the portion. The heat may be controlled to increase the permeability of at least part of the portion to create an injection zone in the portion with an average permeability sufficient to allow injection of a fluid through the injection zone. A drive fluid and/or an oxidizing fluid may be provided into the injection zone. At least some hydrocarbons including mobilized hydrocarbons are produced from the portion.

Abstract: Method of treating proppant particles present in a fractured subterranean geological formation comprising hydrocarbons in-situ with fluorinated silane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for cleaning and possibly sealing a subsurface well. According to the method a multichannel tool string comprising an adapter on a first end of the tool string, a guide device at the second end of the tool string are run into the well, whereupon the guide device is activated in order to permit the well to be flushed by the supply of fluid through at least one of the channels in connection with the tool string and fluids and particles from the well are transported back to the surface through at least one other of the channels in connection with the tool string. The invention also relates to a device for cleaning and possibly sealing a subsurface well.

Abstract: A perforating system having a perforating gun with a gun body formed from a ductile material. The gun body deforms under pressure while maintaining sufficient structural integrity to remain intact, and without rupturing or leaking. A flowable material can be inserted within the gun body that provides additional support to the gun body.

Abstract: A mill for milling a window through metal casing in a well bore that includes a body having a plurality of blades; a plurality of cylindrically bodied cutting elements on said blades; and a plurality of diamond enhanced elements having a non-planar diamond working surface on said blades; wherein said cutting elements initiate cutting into said casing and mill said window into said well bore.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for the enhanced recovery of hydrocarbon fluids from subterranean reservoirs using cryogenic fluids. Using the Earth's geothermal energy to warm cryogenic flood fluids injected into subterranean reservoirs, the pressure within the subterranean reservoir is increased. Consequently, the reservoir conductivity is enhanced due to thermal cracking, and improved sweep efficiency of the reservoir by the flood fluids is provided. This rise in pressure due to the injection of the cryogenic fluid increases the reservoir conductivity enhancement and improves sweep efficiency of the flood fluids, which leads to the production of more fluids from to the subterranean reservoirs.

Abstract: The present invention involves a method and apparatus for enhanced recovery of petroleum fluids from the subsurface by injection of a steam and hydrocarbon vaporized solvent in contact with the oil sand formation and the heavy oil and bitumen in situ. Multiple propped hydraulic fractures are constructed from the well bore into the oil sand formation and filled with a highly permeable proppant. Steam, a hydrocarbon solvent, and a non-condensing diluent gas are injected into the well bore and the propped fractures. The injected gas flows upwards and outwards in the propped fractures contacting the oil sands and in situ bitumen on the vertical faces of the propped fractures. The steam condenses on the cool bitumen and thus heats the bitumen by conduction, while the hydrocarbon solvent vapors diffuse into the bitumen from the vertical faces of the propped fractures.

Abstract: Combustion gases with relatively high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), steam, and/or hot water, may be used to improve recovery of heavy hydrocarbons from geologic formations and/or from surface mined materials. These gases reduce the viscosity and/or increase hydrocarbon extraction rates through improvements in thermal efficiency and/or higher rates of heat delivery for a given combustor an capital investment. Such high water/CO2 content combustion gases can be formed by adding water to combustion gases formed by burning fuel. The pressure to inject the combustion gases and extract heavy hydrocarbons may be provided by diverting high pressure expanded gases from wet combustion in a gas turbine, or by reducing the pressure drop across a turbine and using the expanded hot gases for extraction.

Abstract: The present invention includes compositions and method for treating a hydrocarbon-bearing clastic formation having brine, the method comprising: contacting the hydrocarbon-bearing clastic formation with a fluid, wherein the fluid at least one of at least partially solubilizes or at least partially displaces the brine in the hydrocarbon-bearing clastic formation; and subsequently contacting the hydrocarbon-bearing clastic formation with a composition, the composition comprising: a nonionic fluorinated polymeric surfactant, and solvent, wherein when the composition is contacting the hydrocarbon-bearing clastic formation, the nonionic fluorinated polymeric surfactant has a cloud point that is above the temperature of the hydrocarbon-bearing clastic formation.

Abstract: A thickened aqueous composition is delivered to a subterranean location accessible via a wellbore by steps of i. providing a biphasic aqueous mixture comprising two aqueous solutions which, at surface temperature and pressure, are able to co-exist as separate aqueous phases in contact with each other, ii. pumping said biphasic aqueous system down the wellbore to the subterranean location, and iii. converting the biphasic mixture below ground so that its phases combine into a single aqueous phase which is more viscous than the biphasic mixture. The two phases of the aqueous biphasic mixture contain dissolved solutes which segregate between the two phases such that at least one first solute is present at a greater concentration in the first aqueous phase than in the second aqueous phase while at least one second solute is present at a greater concentration in the second aqueous phase than in the first aqueous phase.

Abstract: Many methods and compositions are provided. One of the methods provided comprises the steps of: providing an aqueous treatment fluid that comprises a polysaccharide and a dual functional component, the aqueous treatment fluid having a first viscosity; allowing the dual functional component to interact with the polysaccharide such that the viscosity of the aqueous treatment fluid increases to a second viscosity, the second viscosity being greater than the first viscosity; placing the aqueous treatment fluid into a subterranean formation; and allowing the dual functional component to interact with the polysaccharide so as to reduce the second viscosity of the aqueous treatment fluid to a third viscosity, the third viscosity being less than the second viscosity. An example of a composition is a viscosified treatment fluid for treating subterranean formations comprising: an aqueous base fluid and an apparent cross linked reaction product of a polysaccharide and a dual functional component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an acidic aqueous solution containing a chelating agent and an acid, wherein the chelating agent is glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) or a salt thereof and wherein the amount of GLDA or the salt thereof is at least 10 wt %, based on the weight of the aqueous solution, and to the use thereof as an oilfield chemical, in descaling processes, or in processes in which highly concentrated aqueous acids are used, such as cleaning processes or plating processes.

Abstract: A valve, such as a ball valve, is assembled and carried by a running tool. The valve is actuated by an actuator that is triggered by the running tool, and thus opens and closes communication between the drill pipe and the volume below the running tool. An actuating cam is assembled below the running tool that interfaces the actuator. The actuating cam is threaded such that it travels axially as the drill pipe is turned. A profile on the actuating cam is timed with the function of the running tool and controls the action of the actuator such that the valve is open when the running tool function requires communication with the volume below the running tool and the valve is closed when the running tool needs to be pressurized.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flow-actuated actuator. The actuator includes, a plurality of rings positionable within a structure, each ring having a full bore therethrough, and a plurality of elongated members in operable communication with the plurality of rings providing orientation of each ring to at least one adjacent ring, the plurality of rings and the plurality of elongated members configured to generate an urging force in response to fluid flow thereby.

Abstract: A technique operates a valve system in a subsea test tree via a control system of a type suitable for gaining desired industry ratings. A monitoring system is utilized to monitor functions of the control system, but the monitoring system is independent from the control system.

Abstract: A technique is provided for installing a tubular hanger and tubular hanger seal in a wellhead. The technique comprises installing the tubular hanger with a setting tool. The tubular hanger may comprise a locking ring that is driven outward into engagement with a profile in the wellhead. The setting tool is adapted to rotate a moveable member of the tubular hanger relative to the tubular hanger body so as to drive the moveable member to expand the locking ring outward to engage a profile in the wellhead. The moveable member may be wedged between the locking ring and the tubular hanger body. The setting tool may be adapted to enable the moveable member and the tubular hanger body to be rotated independently. The annulus between the tubular hanger and the wellhead may be sealed by a seal that has a plurality of sealing elements that are coupled together by a series of catches.

Abstract: A method is provided of radially expanding a tubular element in a wellbore formed in an earth formation, the method comprising arranging the tubular element in the wellbore whereby a lower end portion of the wall of the tubular element extends radially outward and in axially reverse direction so as to form an expanded tubular section extending around a remaining tubular section of the tubular element, whereby an annular space is defined between said expanded and remaining tubular sections. The expanded tubular section is axially extended by moving the remaining tubular section downward relative to the expanded tubular section so that said lower end portion of the wall bends radially outward and in axially reverse direction.

Abstract: A downhole rotary diverter assembly includes multiple passages for selectively aligning with multiple boreholes. The diverter assembly can be selectively actuated to direct a tool or tubing through-passage toward a desired borehole. The primary tool through-passage of the diverter assembly can be alternately and continually aligned and re-aligned with a desired borehole out of multiple boreholes, while the diverter assembly remains in the well. After a single trip into the well, and placement of the diverter assembly in a well junction, the diverter assembly can be actuated to rotate flow passages into alignment with multiple boreholes. An actuation tool may be lowered into the diverter assembly and manipulated to activate a mandrel. The mandrel is guided by an indexing mechanism to rotatably cycle through discrete and predetermined alignment positions that correspond generally with the stop positions of a guide pin in a guide slot of the indexing mechanism.

Abstract: A non-damaging slip assembly includes slips having grit on a smooth surface, the slips preferably made from a ductile material, such that the slips do not cause damage to the wall of a tubular when the slips are set. The slips fail under tensile force during setting. The cone used to expand the slips may have slits that narrow during setting of the slips. The slip assembly may be used to anchor a variety or devices inside a tubular. A drillable, non-damaging bridge plug using the non-damaging slip assembly has a threaded mandrel holding the cone by threads inside the cone. When the slips are set, the slits in the cone narrow such that threads in the cone do not allow rotation of the slips as they are drilled. The bridge plug can be drilled by a PDC bit without damaging the tubular.

Abstract: Isolation systems for use in a wellbore include two or more tubular segments and at least one coupling assembly. The at least one coupling system is adapted to couple the first and second tubular segments together. The at least one coupling system is further adapted to block at least a portion of the wellbore annulus. The at least one coupling system is further configured as a leaky isolation assembly to separate the wellbore annulus into at least two isolated zones when disposed in the wellbore. At least one isolation zone has at least two outlets including a first outlet through an opening into the tubular and a second outlet past the leaky isolation assembly. The isolation system is configured to provide the isolation with hydraulics during well operation that preferentially drives fluids through the first outlet and at least substantially prevents fluid from passing the isolation assembly.

Abstract: A dual packer for at least partially defining a production zone in a wellbore, the dual packer including a packer body having an up-hole side and a down-hole side. A first through bore and a second through bore each extend through the packer body from the up-hole side to the down-hole side. A first piping extends from the down-hole side of the first through bore and includes a perforated sub adjacent the down-hole side of the packer body. A second piping extends from the down-hole side of the second through bore and is communicably connected to the first piping down-hole of the first perforated sub.

Abstract: A wellhead seal assembly forms a metal-to-metal seal between inner and outer wellhead members. A metal seal ring has inner and outer walls separated by a slot. An energizing ring has a C-ring captured on its outer surface. When the energizing ring is moved further into the slot, the C-ring is forced from its pocket and engages a profile on the seal ring, locking the energizing ring to the seal assembly.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing custom and standard sized Fiber reinforced polymer horseshoe by utilizing vacuum molding. The specified horseshoe is produced from a mold rendered from a three dimension image, gathered by utilizing three dimensional scanning techniques, by casting a mold directly to the hoof, and or casting standard sized horseshoes. Standard sized horseshoes have set specified dimensions to which a mold can be produced from a polymer, metal, or composite. Horseshoes can be manufactured for a wide array of equine applications including horse racing, jumping, military, and law enforcement applications. Previously Fiber reinforced polymers have not been used in abrasion resistant applications, however this invention will use fiber reinforced polymers to both reduce weight of the horse shoe, and increase abrasion resistance in such a manner that cannot be met with conventional metal horseshoes.

Abstract: A fire protection sprinkler is provided with a sprinkler body having a fluid passage defining an inlet end and an outlet end. A plug member is disposed in the fluid passage and a heat responsive unit releasable secures the plug member and the passage. A deflector is mounted to frame arms extending from the sprinkler body and the deflector includes a peripheral edge including a plurality of slots extending radially inward from the peripheral edge. At least two of the plurality of slots have a first outer portion having a first diameter and a second intermediate portion adjacent the first outer portion and having a second diameter less than the first diameter. A third inner portion extends radially inward from the second intermediate portion and has a third diameter greater than the second diameter. The deflector design is utilized for providing a desired water distribution pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the safety of a fuel tank by (1) supplying to the fuel tank a fuel and a flame suppressant, wherein the fuel tank contains two or more compartments, at least one compartment containing fuel, and at least one compartment containing flame suppressant, and wherein the compartment containing flame suppressant is either: (i) located to the exterior of the fuel tank, (ii) located within the interior of the fuel tank, or (iii) mixtures thereof; (2) rupturing the fuel tank and the compartment containing flame suppressant; and (3) mixing or otherwise contacting the flame suppressant with fuel from the fuel tank.

Abstract: A tilling implement has a front row of concave disc blades having a front right portion and a front left portion symmetrically disposed about a centerline of the implement. A rear row of concave disc blades has a rear right portion and a rear left portion symmetrically disposed about the centerline of the implement. The rear right portion follows behind the front right portion in a right path and the rear left portion follows the front left portion in a left path when the implement is displaced through a field. The implement includes no ground engaging tool in the right path between the front right portion and the rear right portion, and no ground engaging tool in the left path between the front left portion and the rear left portion. A ground engaging tool is disposed generally along the centerline of the implement between the right and left paths.

Abstract: A tilling implement has a front row of shallow concave disc blades having a front right portion and a front left portion symmetrically disposed about a centerline of the implement. A rear row of shallow concave disc blades has a rear right portion and a rear left portion symmetrically disposed about the centerline of the implement. The rear right portion following behind the front right portion in a right path and the rear left portion following the front left portion in a left path when the implement is displaced through a field. The implement includes no ground engaging tool in the right path between the front right portion and the rear right portion, and no ground engaging tool in the left path between the front left portion and the rear left portion. The shallow concave disc blades have a concavity of between approximately 1.25 and 1.69 inches over an outer diameter of approximately 20 inches.

Abstract: A power tool with a housing, a motor, a transmission, a spindle and an impact mechanism. The motor has an output shaft that drives the transmission. The transmission has a plurality of planet gears, a planet carrier journally supporting the planet gears for rotation about an axis, and a ring gear that is in meshing engagement with the planet gears. The impact mechanism has a plurality of anvil lugs, an impactor and an impactor spring. The anvil lugs are coupled to the ring gear and are not engaged by the planet gears. The impactor is mounted to pivot about the spindle and has a plurality of hammer lugs. The impactor spring biases the impactor toward the ring gear to cause the hammer lugs to engage the anvil lugs. A power tool having an impact mechanism with an external adjusting member that can be moved to vary a trip torque of the impact mechanism is also provided.

Abstract: An impact mechanism for use with a drive motor comprises a drive engaging member and a tool bit retaining member operatively inter-connected with the drive engaging member. The tool bit retaining member has a main body portion, and an anvil portion and a tool bit retaining portion each securely attached thereto for co-rotation therewith. A hammer is mounted on one of the drive engaging member for guided movement between an anvil contact position whereat force is transmitted from the hammer to the anvil portion so as to create a moment about the longitudinal axis, and a release position whereat the hammer is temporarily removed from the anvil portion. A spring biases the hammer to the anvil contact position. A selectively adjustable spring compression mechanism permits selective compression of the spring.

Abstract: A pressure releasing device includes an end cap connected to a rear end of a body of the pneumatic tool and includes an engaging area. A cylinder is located in a chamber in the body of the pneumatic tool and partially located in the engaging area. The engaging area includes an axle hole and output holes are located around the axle hole. A groove is defined in an inside of the engaging area and includes a tapered surface. The cylinder includes intake holes communicating the chamber in the body. Release holes are defined in the cylinder and communicate with the groove of the engaging area. Two seals are respectively engaged with a first recess and a second recess. The release holes are located between the first and second recesses. Multiple output holes are defined in the cylinder and communicate between an outside of the cylinder and the second recess.

Abstract: A pneumatic drive system (1) in which the movement of an output drive unit (7) of a pneumatic drive (2) is controlled by control valve means (25 and 26) which are connected with the working chambers (12 and 13) of the pneumatic drive (2). The control valve means (25 and 26) comprise at least one air economy setting (30) setting a choke cross section and a high power setting (29) defining a flow cross section larger than it. Actuating means (12 and 13) serve to ensure that the control valve means (25) are switched over, in a fashion dependent on the air pressure obtaining in the at least one working chamber (12 and 13) from the normally assumed air economy setting (30) into the high power setting (29), when the output drive unit (7) meets with an increased resistance to motion.

Abstract: A holding device has a supporting frame with at least two carrying legs at the respective ends of which is arranged a holding element for accommodating a conductor wire. A holding insulator extends in a longitudinal direction which is mounted between the carrying legs of the supporting frame and which has a free end for fixing to a mast crossbeam. The supporting frame is sized in such a way that the carrying legs extend in the longitudinal direction beyond the free end of the holding insulator. Furthermore, an overhead line configuration has such a specified holding device. With this device, masts which are configured for low rated voltages to be made accessible for carrying conductor wires at high rated voltages.

Abstract: The invention relates to a housing (1) for installation in the open air in order to accommodate electrical devices, in particular components for communication and/or data technology, having an inner housing (2) in which a hermetically sealed functional area is provided for accommodation of the electrical devices, and an outer housing (3), which is arranged around the inner housing (2) in such a way that a cavity (4) is formed between the inner housing (2) and the outer housing (3), with side walls (6) of the inner housing (2) also being the side walls (6) of the functional area, wherein the side walls (6) of the inner housing (2) are metal sheets (20), with at least one of the metal sheets (20) being shaped with structuring (13) such that the area in the region of the structuring (13) is greater than that of a smooth surface.

Abstract: A flexible electrical cable having a centre part surrounded by a sheath (16) made of insulating material is specified in which are arranged at least one data pair (DP) consisting of two data cores (1, 2) which are used for data transmission and are surrounded by a common screen containing a metallized synthetic fleece, and at least one supply core (VA) which is used for supplying power, which are surrounded by a common electrical screen (15). In the centre part, at least two screened data pairs (DP) with data cores (1, 2) running parallel to one another are arranged separately from one another, the screen of which has a synthetic-material-clad metal foil (5) surrounding said screen on all sides, the metal side of which faces outwards, over which the metallized synthetic fleece (6) is arranged in contact with the metal side.

Abstract: Insulation compounds for medium-voltage power cables and methods for making same are provided. The compound can include a polymer comprising ethylene, one or more C3-C8 alpha olefins and, optionally, one or more dienes, and one or more metal oxides not based on lead or zinc.

Abstract: Coaxial cable shielding. In one example embodiment, a coaxial cable includes a center conductor, a dielectric, a tape, and a jacket. The tape defines first and second edge portions that each borders an interior portion. The thickness of the first edge portion is less than the thickness of the interior portion. The dielectric surrounds the center conductor. The tape is wrapped around the dielectric such that the first edge portion overlaps with the second edge portion. The jacket surrounds the tape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flame retardant polymer composition comprising (A) a polar ethylene copolymer comprising alkyl acrylate comonomer units, (B) coated aluminum hydroxide as filler material to an article, in particular a wire or cable, comprising said flame retardant polymer composition, and to the use of said composition for the production of a layer of a wire or cable. The invention is furthermore directed to a process for producing a flame retardant polymer composition.

Abstract: A wire, having a conductor and an insulation, extruded onto the conductor. The insulation has a plurality of alternating plateaus and valleys thrilling a profile along the outer circumference, where a circumference ratio of an outer circumference of the insulation at the full thickness of the plateaus relative to the portion of the outer circumference of the insulation that is at the reduced thickness of valleys is substantially 1.5 or greater.

Abstract: A multilayer cable jacket. In one example embodiment, a cable includes one or more internal components and a multilayer jacket surrounding the one or more internal components. The one or more internal components include at least one electrical conductor configured to propagate a signal. The multilayer jacket includes an inner layer surrounded by an outer layer with the inner layer being less rigid than the outer layer.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composition comprises poly(arylene ether) having an initial intrinsic viscosity greater than 0.25 dl/g as measured in chloroform at 25° C.; a polyolefin having a melt temperature greater than or equal to 120° C. and a melt flow rate of 0.3 to 15; a first block copolymer having a aryl alkylene content greater than or equal to 50 weight percent based on the total weight of the first block copolymer; a second block copolymer having an aryl alkylene content less than 50 weight percent based on the total weight of the second block copolymer; and a flame retardant, wherein the poly(arylene ether) is present in an amount greater than the amount of polyolefin. The composition is useful in the production of covered wire.

Abstract: A layered tape having pockets therein is used as part of a communication cable to improve alien crosstalk attenuation. In one embodiment, a single layered tape has an embossed layer bonded to a matrix tape layer having non-continuous conductive traces, with the resulting layered tape reducing alien crosstalk between cables. Pockets resulting from the embossing are filled with a gas such as dry air to decrease the dielectric constant through the effective thickness of the tape. A layered tape may alternatively be provided as a separate tape from a matrix tape, such that coupling between conductive pairs of the cable and the matrix tape is reduced. Decreasing the dielectric constant of materials between adjacent cables also decreases alien crosstalk coupling between the cables.

Abstract: In a method for hot embossing at least one conductor track onto a substrate, a film having at least one electrically conductive layer is pressed against the substrate in a die direction using an embossing die having a structured die surface. The film remains on the substrate after ending the embossing process in at least two structure planes, which are spaced apart in the die direction.

Abstract: An FPC board includes a base insulating layer. A plurality of wiring traces are formed on the base insulating layer. The adjacent wiring traces are arranged at a distance d from each other, and each wiring trace has a predetermined width and a thickness t1. Each transmission line pair is constituted by the two adjacent wiring traces of the plurality of wring traces. A ratio of the thickness t1 of the wiring trace to the distance d between the adjacent wiring traces is set to 0.8 or more. A cover insulating layer may be formed on the base insulating layer to cover the wiring traces. A metal layer having a predetermined thickness may be provided on a back surface of the base insulating layer. Furthermore, a differential impedance of each transmission line pair may be set to 100 ?.

Abstract: Provided is a multilayer printed board 10 having three single-sided conductor pattern films 16 each having a conductor pattern 13 formed on one surface of a resin film 12 having a through hole 11 and a filled through hole 15 that is the through hole 11 filled with a conductor 14 integrally with the conductor pattern 13. These single-sided conductor pattern films 16 are stacked in such a manner that their tops are oriented in the same way. The conductor patterns 13 of the single-sided conductor pattern films 16 are electrically connected via the filled through holes 15. As the conductor patterns 13 of the single-sided conductor pattern films 16 are interlayer connected via the filled through holes 15, the interlayer connection reliability can be enhanced.

Abstract: A structure that may be used in substrate solder bumping comprises a substrate (110), a solder resist layer (120) disposed over the substrate, a plurality of solder resist openings (121) in a surface (122) of the solder resist layer, a conformal barrier layer (130) having a first portion (131) over the surface of the solder resist layer and a second portion (132) in the solder resist openings, a mask layer (140) over the first portion of the conformal barrier layer, and a solder material (150) in the solder resist openings over the metal layer. The conformal barrier layer acts as a barrier against interaction between the solder resist layer and the mask layer during solder reflow.

Abstract: A photosensitive insulating resin composition capable of forming an interlayer insulating film, or planarized film, or surface protective film, or insulating film for high-density mount substrate excelling in properties, such as resolution, adherence, thermal impact, electrical insulation, patterning performance and elongation; a hardening product thereof; and a circuit board equipped with the hardening product. There is provided a positive photosensitive insulating resin composition comprising an alkali-soluble resin; a compound having a quinonediazido group; and crosslinked resin particles of a particulate copolymer whose 20 to 90 mol % constituent is derived from a hydroxylated and/or carboxylated monomer.