Abstract: A method of controlling emissions from an internal combustion engine including governing engine speed with respect to a constant speed, maintaining an air/fuel ratio of the engine, flowing exhaust from the engine through an exhaust system containing a catalyst, monitoring a variable with a feedback sensor located upstream of the catalyst, and controlling the air/fuel ratio of the engine as a function of the variable. In one application, the engine is configured for marine applications, including electric power generation and propulsion.

Abstract: A method for a diesel engine includes retarding intake valve timing and advancing exhaust valve timing based on reduced exhaust gas that enters an aftertreatment device. In this way, it is possible to increase the internal exhaust gas recirculation and the temperature of exhaust emitted by the diesel engine.

Abstract: If a demanded power exceeds a predetermined threshold, where the threshold is based on a catalyst temperature, power from a power storage unit is supplied to a wheel.

Abstract: Art is provided for an exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine, which decreases an amount of exhaust flowing to a storage-reduction type NOx catalyst and supplies a reducer to the NOx catalyst so as to reduce NOx stored in the NOx catalyst, wherein the manner in which the reducer is dispersed in the NOx catalyst can be controlled to achieve more reliable execution of a NOx reduction treatment. Air-fuel ratio detecting unit is disposed upstream and downstream of the storage-reduction type NOx catalyst. During a predetermined period subsequent to decreasing an amount of exhaust flowing to the NOx catalyst and adding the reducer to the exhaust, a reducer-adding timing is changed such that a difference between an air-fuel ratio detected by the air-fuel ratio detecting unit disposed upstream of the NOx catalyst and an air-fuel ratio detected by the air-fuel ratio detecting unit disposed downstream of the NOx catalyst becomes a predetermined target value.

Abstract: An exhaust system for use with a combustion engine is disclosed. The exhaust system may have an exhaust passageway, and a reduction catalyst disposed within the exhaust passageway. The exhaust system may also have a first sensor located to generate a first signal indicative of an operational parameter of the reduction catalyst, and a second sensor located to generate a second signal indicative of a performance parameter of the reduction catalyst. The exhaust system may further have an injection device located to inject reductant upstream of the reduction catalyst, and a controller in communication with the combustion engine, the first sensor, the second sensor, and the injection device. The controller may be configured to determine a NOX production of the combustion engine, determine an amount of reductant that should be injected based on the NOX production and the first signal, and adjust the amount based on the second signal.

Abstract: To remove the nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas from lean-burn engines, these engines are equipped with a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst, which has to be regenerated frequently by the engine being briefly switched to rich-burn mode. The regeneration is usually initiated when the nitrogen oxide concentration downstream of the catalyst rises above a permissible value. In this context, there is a risk of the bed temperature of the catalyst during and after regeneration being pushed into a range with incipient thermal desorption of the nitrogen oxides on account of the heat which is released during the conversion of the nitrogen oxides by the reducing constituents of the exhaust gas. This can lead to increased nitrogen oxide emission both during the regeneration itself and after the engine has been switched back to lean-burn mode.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification device senses an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing into a catalyst and performs rich purge control for supplying fuel for reduction to the catalyst. The device calculates a total reducing agent amount consumed for the reduction during the rich purge control based on the air-fuel ratio and a fresh air amount as of the rich purge control. The device sets a specified air-fuel ratio state for controlling the air-fuel ratio in a certain range enabling more precise measurement of the air-fuel ratio than in the rich purge control. The device corrects the total reducing agent amount based on a difference between an injection amount command value as of the rich purge control and the injection amount command value in the specified air-fuel ratio state and the air-fuel ratio sensed in the specified air-fuel ratio state.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine has a catalyzed ceramic wall flow particulate filter coated with a washcoat composition. The washcoat composition includes an oxidation catalyst of at least one platinum group metal and a NOx absorbent. The washcoat composition has a D50 of less than or equal to 8 ?m. The NOx absorbent absorbs NOx contained in an exhaust gas when the composition of the exhaust gas is lambda >1, and releases the NOx absorbed in the NOx absorbent when the exhaust gas composition is 1?lambda. The exhaust system has a platinum group metal catalyst upstream of the filter for oxidizing NO to NO2 at least when the composition of the exhaust gas is lambda >1. The uncoated portions of the ceramic wall flow particulate filter have a porosity of >40% and a mean pore size of 8-25 ?m.

Abstract: An engine system for a vehicle includes a first heat pipe in contact with the exhaust and a first fluid of the engine system; a second heat pipe in contact with the exhaust and a second fluid of the engine system. In one example, the first heat pipe provides increased heat transfer during a first temperature condition and the second heat pipe provides increased heat transfer during a second temperature condition different than the first temperature condition.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold for an engine having at least one combustion chamber and multiple exhaust valves arranged on a first plane is provided with a housing formed to provide a longitudinally extending main exhaust gas passage on a second plane terminating in an outlet at one end. A plurality of discrete, laterally spaced, inlet branch passages include a floor and a ceiling which are initially level with the exhaust valve for a distance equal to one-half the width of the inlet branch passage prior to sloping downward toward the main exhaust gas passage. One of the inlet branch passages is positioned at an end of the housing opposite the exhaust gas passage outlet. The remaining inlet branch passages include integrally formed deflector members arranged to provide an angular change of flow direction requiring exhaust gas to enter the main exhaust gas passage in the downstream direction.

Abstract: Systems and methods of controlling automatic transmission fluid (ATF) in a vehicle include torque converter systems generally having a pump, a turbine and a stator. The stator is selectively rotated during periods of predetermined low ATF temperature, thereby causing temporarily induced inefficiencies that warm the ATF.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and systems for the storage and recovery of energy using open-air hydraulic-pneumatic accumulator and intensifier arrangements that combine at least one accumulator and at least one intensifier in communication with a high-pressure gas storage reservoir on a gas-side of the circuits and a combination fluid motor/pump, coupled to a combination electric generator/motor on the fluid side of the circuits.

Abstract: A method of controlling an electro-hydraulic system having an engine driving a variable displacement pump, a hydraulic valve and a hydraulic actuator in order to achieve more efficient engine operation is disclosed. The pressures in the electro-hydraulic system are monitored and commands are received indicating the desired movement of the hydraulic actuator. Based on the pressure and the commands, the operation being performed by the machine is determined and the engine is set to an efficient setting for the particular segment of machine operation.

Abstract: Miniaturised device, which can operate as an engine or a cooler according to a Stirling thermodynamic cycle, comprising an expansion chamber and a compression chamber, which are interconnected by means of a regenerator enabling the working fluid to flow through from the expansion chamber to the compression chamber, and vice versa, under the effect of the movement of a displacing mechanism, a fraction of the compression chamber being mobile and operating as a piston in order to modify the volume of the said compression chamber, characterized in that it also comprises a complementary chamber which is connected to the compression chamber by means of a complementary connection channel, the said complementary chamber being at an intermediate temperature between the temperature of the compression chamber and the temperature of the expansion chamber, the complementary chamber being separated from the expansion chamber by means of the displacing mechanism.

Abstract: System for controlling and optimizing the emissions of a catalytic combustor in a single-shaft gas turbine (10), comprising at least one calculation unit for implementing a mathematical model of the operation of the said gas turbine (10), on the basis of a set of predetermined parameters, by means of which the aforesaid emissions can be optimized during variations of the operating conditions of the turbine over a range of external environmental conditions from approximately ?29° C. to +49° C.

Abstract: In order to realize a stable decrease in NOx, a gas turbine combustor is supplied which can reduce combustion vibration. A combustor (3) is provided with a first box body (30), which is installed outside an object body (20) such as a combustor basket (6), a transition piece (7) or a bypass duct (11) so as to form a first internal space (31) having a predetermined capacity; and a first throat (32) having a predetermined length which has one end (32a) open to a side wall (20a) of the object body (20) and has the other end (32b) open to a first internal space (31); wherein, a first resistive element (33) having a multiple number of through-holes is inserted and engaged to one end (32a).

Abstract: A premixing device includes an air inlet, at least one fuel inlet slot having a wall profile configured to form a fuel boundary layer along a portion of a wall of the premixing device, a mixing chamber, and at least one diverging fuel injection slot jet disposed inside the at least one fuel inlet slot, the slot jet being configured to create a flow separation region in a diverging portion thereof to generate mixing turbulence at an outlet of the slot jet to aerodynamically enhance a mixing of the fuel from the boundary layer with compressed air without causing a boundary layer flow separation and a flame holding in the mixing chamber. Low-emission combustors, gas turbine combustors, methods for premixing a fuel and an oxidizer in a combustion system, a gas turbine, and a gas to liquid system using the premixing device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for operating a turbogroup, especially of a power generating plant, is provided. The turbogroup includes a compressor for compressing combustion air, a combustion chamber with at least one burner for producing a hot gas, and a turbine for expanding the hot gas, performing work. The method includes feeding combustion air to a compressor, where it is compressed, and fed to at least one burner and feeding a fuel to the at least one burner. The method also includes injecting water into the combustion air upstream of the burner where it is evaporated, mixing the fuel in the burner with the combustion air-water vapor mixture, combusting the fuel-combustion air-water vapor mixture in the combustion chamber, and feeding the hot gas which is produced in the combustion chamber to the turbine where it is expanded and performs work.

Abstract: An air-conditioning device includes a pump for sending a thermal medium, a thermoelectric conversion unit for absorbing heat from the thermal medium, a target setting unit for setting a target cooling value, and a controlling unit. The controlling unit increases a flow amount of the thermal medium to be larger than a predetermined amount and stops the thermoelectric conversion unit from absorbing heat, when the target cooling value is smaller than a predetermined value. The controlling unit increases a heat-absorbing amount of the element and keeps the flow amount of the thermal medium to be larger than the predetermined amount, when the target cooling value is equal to or larger than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A heat sink may be clamped to a thermoelectric cooler and vapor chamber using a U-shaped retention band. The band may attach underneath the vapor chamber, extending around the thermoelectric cooler, and over a heat sink. The heat sink may include a plate to distribute the force of the band across the heat sink. Bolts may be utilized to transfer the force from the free ends of the U-shaped retention band to a vapor chamber support frame. Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, a thermoelectric cooler may be clamped to a heat sink without wasting heat transfer area through the use of bolts, without unnecessary bending, and without requiring a relatively thick base on the heat sink.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling a cooled equipment, comprising: a cryogen vessel (10) housing the cooled equipment; a gaseous cryogen filling the cryogen vessel; a refrigerator (12) having a cooling surface exposed to the interior of the cryogen vessel (10) so as to cool the gaseous cryogen; and a gas current generator arranged to cause circulation of the gaseous cryogen freely within the cryogen vessel, such that the gaseous cryogen is cooled by the refrigerator, and is warmed by heat from the cooled equipment, thereby cooling the cooled equipment.

Abstract: A control system measures the pressure/temperature of the refrigerant within a Thermal Energy Module having a heat exchanger and calculates the thickness of ice within the Thermal Energy Module. A controller calculates an integral starting from the moment when ice accumulation begins: I(t)=?Tr(?)*d? where Tr is the refrigerant saturation temperature changing with time t. The thickness of the ice on one side of the heat exchanger can be calculated using the following formula: X=?(2*I*K*Ui/?i/ci) where Ui is the thermal conductance of ice ?i is the density of the ice Ci is the latent heat of the ice K is a correction coefficient associated with the type of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An apparatus for the efficient cooling of produce directed to the cooling of freshly picked produce in containers on pallets. The apparatus has a first opening for the entrance of stacks of containers to be moved through cooling enclosure. The stacks of containers are moved through to a first cooling area wherein the containers are exposed to cooling air provided in a first direction. The stacks of containers are then moved through to a second cooling area wherein the containers are exposed to cooling air in a second direction. Isolation of the containers and routing of the air flow is supplemented with air inflatable seals which abut the containers. A method for the efficient cooling of produce utilizing an apparatus as described.

Abstract: An ice barrier and an ice making machine having an ice barrier is provided in some embodiments, wherein the ice barrier is movable between a first orientation in which liquid water from an ice-forming surface is directed into the liquid receptacle, and a second orientation in which the ice barrier blocks access of ice from the ice-forming surface to locations in which ice is trapped between the ice barrier and an adjacent surface. Also, a method of producing ice in an ice making machine is provided in some embodiments, wherein a barrier diverts a flow of liquid water received from the ice-forming surface away from an ice collection bin, and wherein the barrier is moved to an orientation in which the barrier diverts ice toward the ice collection bin and also blocks access of ice to positions trapped between the barrier and an adjacent surface.

Abstract: A direct expansion geothermal heat exchange system including certain requisite heating/cooling load calculations, certain operational refrigerant pressures, refrigerant tubing design lengths in varying soils, refrigerant tubing sizing per ton of system design capacity, refrigerant tubing sizing at varying sub-surface installation depths, lowering refrigerant tubing into a borehole via rope, encasing the lower segment of refrigerant tubing within a solid encasement, providing a bar for rope attachment, using a winch to raise and lower refrigerant tubing, certain sizing of the compressor, certain air handler sizing, certain accumulator sizing, certain sizing of metering devices in the heating mode and in the cooling mode, parameters for charging the system, certain sizing of the receiver, utilizing certain grout for corrosion protection and for enhanced heat transfer, providing a fluid filled pipe within a borehole to contain accessible refrigerant tubing, providing a certain fluid fill for the pipe, one of pro

Abstract: A vehicle compressor is controlled based on an environment parameter and a vehicle status parameter. In at least one embodiment, a temperature control system for a vehicle including an engine is provided. The system includes a compressor having a target operating speed. The system also includes an environment sensor arrangement configured to sense an environment parameter and a vehicle status sensor arrangement configured to sense a vehicle status parameter. The system further includes a control module that determines a maximum operating speed of the compressor as a function of both the environment parameter and the vehicle status parameter. The control module limits an operating speed of the compressor to the maximum operating speed if the target operating speed is greater than the maximum operating speed.

Abstract: A portable recovery unit for automatically filling a background tank of blended refrigerant includes a main tank for holding recovered refrigerant from a vehicle A/C system which has a first chemical composition, and an auxiliary tank for holding an auxiliary supply of fresh refrigerant which has a second refrigerant composition. The auxiliary tank is arranged in fluid communication with the main tank so that fluid can be transferred from the auxiliary tank to the main tank. An electronic controller controls the flow of fluid from the auxiliary tank to the main tank. A refrigerant identifier is coupled to the main tank to sample and analyze the refrigerant in the main tank in order to determine the chemical composition of the refrigerant in the main tank, so the refrigerant in the main tank can be purified to an acceptable level based on that analysis.

Abstract: A controller area network based climate control system for a work machine, and a method of operation of the same, which advantageously and economically integrates into and utilizes the resources and capabilities of a CAN of a work machine, including, but not limited to, shared data from other systems of the machine, particularly engine data including engine operating speed and temperature, for controlling climate control system operation, as well as for troubleshooting and diagnosing problems.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for controlling a lamp of a refrigerator. The apparatus may include a dispenser provided on a refrigerator door and a lamp installed within the dispenser for illuminating the dispenser. The dispenser may include a rotary member that rotates as an operation lever provided in the dispenser is operated and a duct door for selectively opening and closing an ice duct. The rotary member may include a rotary shaft supported by side walls of the dispenser and a connector part that extends from the rotary shaft. The duct door may be coupled to the connection part.

Abstract: A cooling device includes a cooling arrangement having a refrigerant dispenser. In an illustrated example, the dispenser includes an aerosol container containing the refrigerant and a dispensing valve fitted to a fixing cup which crimps onto the aerosol container. The aerosol container is at least partly housed inside an outer jacket, and a dispensing channel is engaged on the dispensing valve. A cover is mounted on top of the dispensing channel. The cover has an inside face that is impermeable to the refrigerant and at least part of the cover, preferably an outside face of the cover, is made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 1 Wm?1K?1. A method of applying a cosmetic product to a body surface is also provided.

Abstract: An indoor unit of an air conditioner includes a front panel and a coating layer. A first panel and a second panel of the front panel are formed from a transparent material in which luminous grains are mixed. The coating layer exhibits a color scheme or a pattern, and is provided to a reverse side of the first panel and the second panel.

Abstract: A refrigerator having an insulated cabinet and a door pivotally mounted to the cabinet having an exterior face including a dispenser cavity. An ice maker in the refrigerated storage space is arranged to make and harvest ice pieces. An ice delivery system on the inside of the door dispenses ice pieces into a dispenser cavity in the exterior face of the door. The ice delivery system can include an ice bin including a generally open top and having a bottom opening pivotally mounted on a horizontal axis below the ice maker. The ice can receive ice pieces harvested by the ice maker and discharge ice pieces through the bottom opening and the ice delivery system in a first position. The ice bin can tilt out to permit access to ice pieces, and can be removed from the ice delivery system, in a second position when the door is open.

Abstract: An ice making device that is capable of more easily and conveniently separating ice from ice trays through a simple manipulation and a refrigerator having the same are disclosed. The ice making device includes a support frame for rotatably supporting at least one ice tray, at least one manipulation button mounted to the support frame such that the manipulation button can be moved forward and backward, and an interlocking unit for rotating the ice tray with respect to the support frame according to the movement of the manipulation button.

Abstract: In an integrated unit for a refrigerant cycle device, at least one evaporator is integrated with an ejector having a nozzle portion for decompressing refrigerant and a refrigerant suction port from which refrigerant is drawn. In the integrated unit, an insertion hole is provided in a longitudinal end surface of a tank of the evaporator such that the ejector is inserted from the insertion hole into the tank, and a plug for sealing the insertion hole is provided. Furthermore, a spacer is configured to have a gap between the plug and the ejector, and a fixing member is disposed between the longitudinal end surface of the tank and an expansion valve, for fixing the expansion valve to the longitudinal end surface of the tank. In the integrated unit, at least one of the fixing member, the plug, and the spacer is made of a resin material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a condenser for an air-conditioning system, particularly for a motor vehicle, with vertically arranged tubes, through which a coolant can flow and which are connected to an upper and a lower horizontally arranged manifold whereby permitting the flow of coolant. The inventive condenser also comprises a collector parallelly arranged underneath the lower manifold and, via an inflow opening and an outflow opening, between which a separating device is placed, is connected to the manifold in a manner that permits the flow of coolant. The collector accommodates a filtering and/or drying device. The separating device has a suction device for, in essence, liquid coolant.

Abstract: Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems and heat exchangers are provided which include tube and manifold configurations designed to promote separation of vapor phase and liquid phase fluid. The manifolds contain multichannel tubes of various end geometries designed to dispose flow channels at different heights within the manifold. Individual tubes also may be disposed at different heights within the manifold. The various flow channel and tube heights permit direction of vapor phase and liquid phase refrigerant to certain flow channels.

Abstract: A bi-directional flow control device utilizes a single moveable restrictor housed within a cartridge, the piston having a first position wherein the piston orifice provides a smallest diameter flow path through the cartridge, and a second position wherein a cartridge orifice provides a smallest diameter flow path through the cartridge. In one embodiment the device utilizes an anti-rattle mechanism for reducing rattle of the piston within the internal chamber of the cartridge.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making a decorated multilayer glass structure using a single firing step that includes that use of a crystallizing glass enamel composition that contains ingredients to ensure the complete burnout of the organic portion of the composition upon firing and bending of a mated pair of glass sheets. A benefit of the composition is that when applied to one sheet of a mated pair of glass sheets, it burns out completely during firing and bending of the pair. The presence of high levels of oxidizers in the composition ensures a supply of oxygen to enable combustion of the organic vehicle while firing the glass sheets and prior to the sintering of the enamel composition to only one glass sheet in a mated pair of decorated or colored glass sheets.

Abstract: A method of hot forming of at least a part of an article is provided. The article includes a material selected from the group consisting of transparent and semitransparent materials. The method includes semi-homogeneously heating at least a part of the article by radiation and forming the heated part of the article.

Abstract: An apparatus for winding a fiber strand onto a former, wherein there is provided a separating means for fixing and separating the fiber strand at the end of an operation of winding on a finish-wound first former and for bringing the fixed fiber-strand end to a second former to be wound in order to begin a new winding operation. At least one thread buffer for temporary storage of a fiber-strand portion between the end of one winding operation and the beginning of a new winding operation is disposed upstream from the separating means in the feed direction.

Abstract: A foam sensor of a drum washing machine is constructed such that a pair of temperature electrode terminals and a foam electrode terminal are supplied with electricity by a single connector, and thus is able to sense an electrical connection by a signal change of the temperature electrode terminals, in a case where electrical connection of the foam electrode terminal is cut off, thereby preventing a false sensing of foam generation caused by electrical short-circuiting of the foam electrode terminal. Furthermore, the foam electrode terminal is provided integral with the connector, and the temperature sensor portion has a thermistor for sensing a temperature of washing water and temperature electrode terminals inserted into the connector, the thermistor and the temperature electrode terminals being connected by a cord, which makes installation easier.

Abstract: An automatic washing machine comprises a spin tube coupled to the basket and an agitator shaft coupled to an agitator mounted in the basket. A motor coupled to the agitator shaft applies a torque the agitator shaft and thereby the agitator in first and second torque directions. A clutch couples the spin tube to the agitator shaft for cooperative rotation of the basket and the agitator regardless of the rotational direction of the agitator shaft. Because of the dual directionality of the clutch, reversing the motor simultaneously dynamically brakes the basket and the agitator, thereby eliminating the need for a separate friction brake for the basket.

Abstract: Locks for luggage, travelcases, briefcases and the like that can be operated by setting a combination or by using a key include an indicator to provide a signal in response to use of the key. The locks retain relatively movable components in latched engagement when locked, and permit relative movement of the components when unlocked. In some embodiments, the indicator provides a visual signal if an associated travelcase has been opened for inspection by unlocking the associated lock using a key; and, in some embodiments, the indicator can be reset upon entry of a proper combination.

Abstract: A lock apparatus for locking a glove box that is rotatably coupled to an instrument panel of a vehicle. The lock apparatus includes an operating portion with a push-type knob, a pair of lock portions, and a transmitting portion with a transmitting member. The operating portion is located closer to a driver seat than a right and left center of the glove box in a right and left direction of a vehicle. The operating portion is coupled to the instrument panel between the instrument panel and the glove box. Each of the lock portions is located at each of right and left end portions of the glove box. The transmitting portion transmits a motion of the operating portion to each of the pair of lock portions using tension and/or compression of the transmitting member.

Abstract: A lid lock device includes: a housing fixed to either of a lid and a box; a hook member engaged with and disengaged from a lock portion; an elastic biasing unit for biasing the hook member; a control member for controlling the movement of the hook member; and a translating unit for translating the control member, wherein: the hook member includes: a hook portion which is brought into direct engagement with and disengagement from the lock portion; and an operating portion for translating the hook portion from a closing corresponding state to an opening corresponding state; a first wall and a second wall are provided on either of the hook member and the control member; a recessed portion is formed on either of the walls; and a raised portion is formed on the other of the hook member and the control member.

Abstract: A device for aligning the input apparatuses and the channels in a rolling stand is characterized in that it comprises: a measurement instrument (20) equipped with means (22, F, 23) for detecting the position of the surfaces of the channels (4), at least one electronic sensor (24) suitable for receiving such position detection and instrumentation for displaying the detection and its processing, and for providing the detected position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a hardened profiled structural part from a hardenable steel alloy with cathodic corrosion protection. The method includes applying a coating to a sheet made of a hardenable steel alloy, wherein the coating comprises zinc, and the coating further comprises one or several elements with affinity to oxygen in a total amount of 0.1 weight-% to 15 weight-% in relation to the total coating. After applying the coating, the coated sheet steel is roller-profiled in a profiling device. Thereafter, the coated sheet steel is heated to a structural change required for hardening. A skin made of an oxide of the element(s) with affinity to oxygen is formed on the surface of the coating. After sufficient heating the sheet is cooled, wherein the rate of cooling is set in such a way that hardening of the sheet alloy is achieved.

Abstract: A shot-peening device(s) is installed on a side of a cabinet defining an ejection chamber in the cabinet. Shots ejected from the device to a workpiece fall and are conveyed in a horizontal direction by a horizontal screw conveyor positioned above a lower end of the cabinet and then conveyed upward by a vertical screw conveyor whose base end is above the lower end of the cabinet. The shots pass from an upper section of the vertical screw conveyor through a chute to reach an opening/closing gate. When the gate is opened and the shots are supplied to the device(s) for re-ejeciton, a portion of the shots is cause to overflow from the gate. The overflowed shots are caused to pass through a separator to remove impurities and then returned to the horizontal screw conveyor.

Abstract: A system for hydroforming a workpiece containing fluid at elevated pressure includes a die in which the workpiece is formed, a source of control pressure, a tank at low pressure, and a valve that includes a displaceable control element that alternately moves between an open state and a closed state, opening and closing, respectively, a passage that hydraulically connects the fluid in the workpiece and the tank in response to the relative magnitudes of a first force applied to the control element by the control pressure source and a second force applied to the control element by pressure of the fluid in the workpiece acting on the control element in opposition to the first force.

Abstract: A titanium sheet to be formed is heated in a sealingly closed tool by the radiation heat from the heating elements integrated into the tool to a forming temperature not exceeding 600° C., and is deformed towards a cold tool contour by the action of a non-oxidizing gaseous pressure medium introduced into the tool and heated to the hot-forming temperature, as well as by underpressure generated on the side of the workpiece facing away from the pressure medium.