Abstract: A sterile measurement device comprising an elongated measurement probe for measuring a physical property. The probe has a first end and a second end, and a sensing element, which is located on the first end which can be installed at any time on a measurement site. The measurement site has a measuring chamber for measuring a physical quantity inside the measuring chamber without breaching sterility of the measurement arrangement. The measurement device further comprising a sterile tubing comprising a first end, a second end and a compressible section located between the ends. The sterile tubing surrounding the probe, such that the second end of the probe extends out of the second end of the tubing, structure for establishing a sterile connection between the first end of the tubing and a corresponding counter part on a measurement site.

Abstract: A propulsion system includes an engine and a rotating member rotatably engaging the engine. The rotating member comprises a plurality of drive members positioned around the circumference of the rotating member. Each of the drive members has an unlocked state in which the drive members apply substantially no torque to the rotating member, and a locked state, in which the drive members apply substantially a torque to the rotating member. At a selected time, a first set of the drive members are in the unlocked state and a second set of the drive members are in the locked state to provide a propulsive force.

Abstract: A low inertia clutch and gear assembly for disposition on a countershaft of a dual clutch automatic transmission (DCT) includes a gear which is in constant mesh with a gear secured to the input shaft of the transmission and which is freely rotatably disposed on one of the countershafts or lay shafts. The lower inertia components of the clutch, i.e., the clutch hub and the smaller diameter friction plates are secured to the countershaft whereas the higher inertia components, i.e., the clutch housing, the larger diameter friction plates, the reaction plate, the piston and the return springs, rotate with the gear.

Abstract: A gear-type transmission apparatus includes a first input shaft, a second input shaft provided coaxially and rotatably relative to the first input shaft, a first counter shaft and a second counter shaft arranged in parallel to the first and the second input shafts, an output shaft, a dual clutch mechanism having a first clutch and a second clutch for transmitting a rotation of a driving shaft driven by a power source to the first and the second input shafts, a first gear change mechanism, a second gear change mechanism, a reverse gear set having a reverse shift stage driving gear, a reverse shift stage intermediate gear, and a reverse shift stage driven gear, and a switching clutch having a reverse shift stage engaging member for establishing/interrupting a torque transmission from the driving shaft to the output shaft via the reverse shift set.

Abstract: There is provided a roller screw comprising a screw shaft 1 having an outer peripheral surface in which a spiral roller rolling groove 1a is formed, a nut member 2 having an inner peripheral surface in which a spiral loaded roller rolling groove 2a is formed so as to oppose to the roller rolling groove of the screw shaft, a return pipe 4 in which a roller return passage 5 is formed so as to connect one and another ends of a loaded roller rolling passage 3 between the roller rolling groove 1a of the screw shaft 1 and the loaded roller rolling groove 2a of the nut member 2, a number of rollers 6 disposed in the loaded roller rolling passage 3 and the roller return passage 5, wherein the roller return passage 5 is twisted so that an attitude of the roller 6 changes as the roller moves in an axial direction of the return pipe 4. Such roller screw enables to provide an easy assembling and compact structure and to realize smooth circulation of the roller.

Abstract: A swing mechanism for a construction machine is provided with a center frame 3 having a pinion insertion hole 3c, an inner race having an internal gear and mounted on a side of an undercarriage, an outer race 1b rotatably arranged surrounding the inner race and provided with the center frame secured thereon by bolts 8a, a pinion maintained in meshing engagement with the internal gear of the inner race, and a pinion drive device. A pin fit-in hole 3d arranged in the center frame 3 such that a knock pin 6 fixed on the outer race 1b is fitted in the pin fit-in hole to position the center frame 3. To arrange the pin fit-in hole 3d in the center frame 3, a pin fit-in hole portion 20 through which the pin fit-in hole 3d is formed is locally arranged such that the pin fit-in hole portion 20 extends toward the pinion insertion hole 3c to have a center of the pin fit-in hole 3d located on a center connection line S.

Abstract: A shift-by-wire shifter system includes a spring biased DTP lever engageable with a shifter lever assembly to move the shifter lever assembly to a park position. A DTP lock assembly secures the DTP lever so that the shifter lever assembly is selectively movable along the shift path during normal operation and releases the DTP lever so that the DTP lever moves the shifter lever assembly to the park position upon the loss of system power. A DTP actuator unlocks the shifter lever assembly and the DPT lock assembly upon the loss of system power so that the DTP lever automatically moves the shifter lever assembly to the park position upon the loss of system power. A power storage device is provided to release power to the DPT actuator upon the loss of system power.

Abstract: An automatic transmission includes a gear lever mounted at the interior of a vehicle, a manual control lever connected to the gear lever via a gear cable, a position detecting unit for detecting the position of the manual control lever when a gear-shifting operation is performed, and a position fixing unit disposed between the manual control lever and the position detecting unit for fixing the manual control lever at an assembly reference position. The manual control lever is fixed at the assembly reference position by the position fixing unit. As a result, the manual control lever is not directly fixed to the position detecting unit, and therefore, there is no necessity for moving the position detecting unit. Consequently, interference between the manual control lever and other components is prevented, and the manual control lever is easily assembled.

Abstract: A knob structure for parking brake apparatus that can prevent a sink mark or a weld mark from being produced at the time of molding, and allows an inexpensive resin material with a good moldability to be adopted. The knob structure includes a rod that is movably disposed on the vehicle body side, and a knob main body that is connected to the nose end side of the rod, wherein the knob main body is made up of a core part that is previously assembled to the nose end side of said rod, and a surface layer part that coats the surface of the core part after assembly with a substantially uniform coating thickness.

Abstract: A control pedal assembly includes a first axle forming a first pivot axis and a first booster link pivotable about the first pivot axis. A control pedal has a second axle forming a second pivot axis, a pedal arm pivotable about the second pivot axis, and a pedal at a lower end of the pedal arm. A second booster link is pivotably connecting the pedal arm with the first booster link so that pivoting motion of the pedal arm about the second pivot axis pivots the booster link about the first pivot axis. A support member has a first end supporting the second axle on opposite sides of the pedal arm and the support member is pivotable about its second end. A drive assembly is operably connected to the control pedal to move the second axle in a fore-aft direction to adjust the control pedal in a fore-aft direction.

Abstract: A housing is constructed of a transmission case and an oil pan and has a space therein. A through hole passes through the transmission case. A pressure control unit is housed in the housing and controls hydraulic pressure supplied to a transmission mechanism by the operation of a solenoid valve. An internal cable is housed in the housing and is electrically connected to the solenoid valve of the pressure control unit. An external cable is electrically connected to an engine control unit outside the housing. A connector is arranged in such a way as to pass through the through hole and is electrically connected to the internal cable and the external cable. The connector has an external exposed portion, which is exposed outside the housing, formed in such a way as to be able to pass through the through hole.

Abstract: The invention is a corkscrew (1) for caps made of cork or plastics equipped with two levers (7) and (8) each having two shaped or cam outlines (11, 12) that subject corresponding teeth (41) and (51), carried by concentric barrels (4) and (5), to different movements such as to allow the complete extraction of the cap from the bottle and its ejection. The corkscrew (1) takes care of blocking the bottle neck during the worm screwing through a garter-spring tightening arrangement (6). The levers (7,8) are synchronously moved through teeth (13) that engage a toothed wheel (14).

Abstract: A tire-patching tool and its patching method includes a pneumatic tool for producing a rotation force with a preset rotating speed, and a tire-patching needle with a tire seal strip assembled on the pneumatic tool to be driven into a broken hole of a tire. In using, the pneumatic tool is started to transmit a rotation force to the tire-patching needle so that the tire-patching needle can be vertically driven into the tire in the direction of the broken hole to let the tire seal strip stuck in the broken hole of the tire, and then remove out the tire-patching needle to finish tire patching work. By the pneumatic tool driving the tire-patching needle to produce a rotation force, the tire seal strip can quickly and accurately be stuck in the broken hole of the tire, saving time and labor in carrying out tire patching work.

Abstract: A door unlocking tool capable of unlocking doors utilizing a lock requiring either a pushrod tip or a flathead tip for disengaging the lock mechanism through an aperture associated with the door knob. The door unlocking tool includes a flat elongated body that defines a first end and a second opposing end. The door unlocking tool also includes a first shaft extending from the first end of the flat elongated body. At the distal end of the first shaft is a pushrod tip. The door unlocking tool also includes a second shaft extending from the second end of the flat elongated body. The second shaft includes a distal end having a flathead tip. The flat elongated body includes an electrical component housing with an illumination device for use in the dark and in an emergency.

Abstract: A hand-held torque power wrench for tightening and loosening fasteners, the torque power tool has a motor, a housing, at least one handle configured to hold the torque power wrench in a position and to pull a trigger with one hand of an operator, and a safety device operatable by the other hand of the operator, so that when it is operated by the other hand of the operator the torque power wrench is functioning to tighten or loosen the fastener, but when the only one hand of the operator is used for holding the torque power wrench in position and pulling the trigger, the torque power wrench is not functioning to tighten or loosen the fastener.

Abstract: An extension bar includes an elongate body, a conductive unit, a control unit and an illumination unit. The conductive unit includes a non-conductive first piece, a non-conductive second piece and a conductive third piece which is separated from the body. A conductive bead is engaged with one end of the third piece. The control unit includes a first control member and a second control member which has an opposite conductivity to the first control member. The first control member is mounted to the body and includes a first recess and a second recess. The second control member is securely engaged with the first recess and in contact with the exterior of the body. The illumination unit includes an illumination part and a power supply unit which contacts between the illumination part and the third piece.

Abstract: The invention provides a high quality composite phosphor powder which ensures diversity in emission spectrum, color reproduction index, color temperature and color, a light emitting device using the same and a method for manufacturing the composite phosphor powder. The composite phosphor powder comprises composite particles. Each of the composite particles includes at least two types of phosphor particles and a light transmitting binder. The phosphor particles have different emission spectrums. In addition, the light transmitting binder is formed between the phosphor particles and binds them together.

Abstract: A device for through-cutting of an extruded ice mass, which has a first knife which is reciprocably arranged in a transverse first plane immediately after the outlet of the nozzle and arranged with a first length of stroke and a second knife which is reciprocably arranged in a plane which is parallel to the first plane and which is arranged immediately below the first knife with respect to the flow direction out of the nozzle, the second knife is arranged with a second stroke length which is smaller than the first stroke length, and a control for producing simultaneous reciprocation of the first and the second knife. Hereby, a shearing is achieved which is more precise and commonly applicable for manufacturing of ice cream portions by an automated production of ice cream products.

Abstract: A saw is disclosed having a detection system adapted to detect a dangerous condition between a person and a saw blade, and a brake adapted to stop the saw blade in response to detection of the dangerous condition. The saw further includes a brake positioning system that allows the brake to be positioned in at least two different operable positions to accommodate at least two different blade diameters. The saw may include a system to detect brake-to-blade spacing.

Abstract: A chopper for chopping fibers or fiber strands having a back up roll and a blade roll containing blades that work against a peripheral surface of the back up roll and a method of using is disclosed. The chopper has a number of improved features for reducing the frequency of long fibers or long fiber strands and fuzz from getting into the chopped product. The chopper can have one or any combination of the improvements. The improvements include a strand guide located at least two feet up stream of the chopper, a first starting roll for starting a new strand that runs on a fluid bearing that can be adjusted to control the RPM of the first starting roll, a mount for a roll that runs against the peripheral surface of said back up roll, a strand guide insert for reducing fuzz generation and for preventing fuzz from getting into the product, and a deflector plate for catching and deflecting chopped strands thrown off the back up roll into a chopped strand product chute.

Abstract: An apparatus for slicing food products. The apparatus includes at least two cutter heads integrated with a common base construction and in which a food supply is provided for each cutting knife. The product flows from the cutter heads are combined into a single outflow conveyor.

Abstract: A food slicer is provided having a support member including a base portion and an upstanding portion integrally formed with the base portion. The upstanding portion includes a rotating cutting blade secured thereto for slicing food product and at least one motor positioned within the upstanding portion for rotating the cutting blade. The base portion includes a food product table slidably secured thereto and is movable across the cutting blade for holding product while it is being sliced by the cutting blade. An adjustable gage plate also is provided for determining the thickness of a food product to be sliced by the cutting blade along with an adjustable gage plate alignment mechanism connecting the upstanding portion to the gage plate at an upper portion of the gage plate.

Abstract: A paper sheet processing device for processing paper sheets while carrying the paper sheets, includes a device body, a carrier for carrying the paper sheets one by one, a carrier driver for driving the carrier, processing device parts which are installed in a carrying route and which process the paper sheets, and a processing driver for driving the processing device parts. The processing device parts are installed detachably from the device body.

Abstract: A blade clamp assembly for retaining a rotary blade on the arbor of a rotary tool includes a blade washer for engaging the blade to hold the blade on the arbor and a clamp assembly threaded into the arbor to clamp the blade washer against the blade. The clamp assembly includes a planetary gear system for transmitting torque applied to the clamp assembly to the blade washer, wherein the planetary gear system multiplies the torque transmitted to the blade washer so that the torque transmitted to the blade washer is greater than the torque applied to the clamp assembly.

Abstract: A saw blade with replaceable cutter teeth is provided. The saw blade is generally planer and has a first side and a second side, a leading edge and an inner edge. Plural cutting teeth members are removably secured at alternating spaced apart locations on the first side and the second side of the saw blade. Cutting teeth members have a cutting blade which extends outwardly from the leading edge. A variety of different ways to secure the cutting teeth onto the first side and the second side of the saw blade are disclosed.

Abstract: A cutting tooth element for a cutting blade. The cutting tooth element has a body. The body has a forward surface, a rearward surface and a peripheral edge surface that extends from the forward surface to the rearward surface. The peripheral edge surface has a constant width that is equal to the width at the bottom of the groove that is to be cut. The body of each cutting tooth has a thickened area between its forward surface and rearward surface. The thickened area has a maximum width equal to the width at the top of the groove that is to be cut. The body has sloped side surfaces that extend from the thickened area to the forward surface, rearward surface and the peripheral edge surface. The resulting shape of the cutting tooth causes the cutting tooth to retain its cutting profile as it wears.

Abstract: An ambidextrous charging handle for a firearm consists of two separate assemblies, these being an oblong handle that contains a latch mechanism and a central shaft member. The parts are joined together by a combination of the latch mechanism and alignment grooves in the central shaft member interacting with a locating flange on the handle, and a pair of retaining and pivoting connectors that secure the latch to the handle and the central shaft member. The latch mechanism includes cam activation via a retention relief cut acting against a fixed retention and pivot connector. The second point of retention for the assembly is via a second retaining connector that transmits the retraction force applied to the handle on one end of the latch and to the central shaft member through the interconnection of the second combination retention and pivot connector on the proximal end of the latch body.

Abstract: A suppressor for use with a firearm having a barrel with a muzzle and a bore, the suppressor includes an outer casing having a rearward end and a forward end, an evacuator assembly for receiving the muzzle of the firearm carried by the outer casing, and an expansion chamber defined between the outer casing and the evacuator assembly in gaseous communication with an interior volume of the evacuator assembly.

Abstract: A method for protecting a structure or organism from the effects of fire caused by an explosion comprising covering at least a part of said structure or organism in a barrier comprising a water gel.

Abstract: A ballistic armor shield assembly attached to a Stryker armored vehicle comprises a three-sided armor shield assembly with transparent armor, which is bolted around a driver hatch directly onto the military armored vehicle using existing bolts and holes. The armor shield assembly comprises a front, left and right side armor frames forming the 3-sided assembly to which transparent armor (ballistic glass) sections are attached and secured. An enclosure is provided on the left side of the armored shield assembly for attaching and removing the entire left side transparent armor in order to facilitate vehicle engine maintenance. The driver is provided with full armor protection while operating the vehicle with his body extending out of the open hatch for improved vision. When the hatch is partially closed, the driver has full protection on the front, left, and right from the armor shield assembly as well as above from the hatch.

Abstract: A firearm has a body with a bolt assembly reciprocating within the body. A barrel having a bore extends from the body. A gas block with an elongated chamber is connected to the barrel, and a gas passage connects the barrel bore to the gas block chamber. An operating rod has a forward end portion closely received in the gas block chamber and a rear end positioned to operably engage the bolt assembly. The gas block chamber has a forward portion closely receiving the forward end portion of the rod, and the gas block chamber has a rear portion with a profile larger than the forward portion. The forward portion of the rod may be a cylinder, and the rear portion of the gas block chamber may be fluted to provide clearance for flushing out contaminants. The rod may rotate freely to prevent accumulation of contaminants.

Abstract: A diaphragm actuator for a fluid process control device comprises a housing, a diaphragm, a stem, and a plate assembly. The plate assembly includes a concave plate and a convex plate, each having inner and outer radial portions. The outer radial portions compressingly engage and retain the diaphragm. The inner radial portions are compressed together onto the stem between a shoulder of the stem and a nut threaded onto the stem. Accordingly, the concave plate forcibly engages and provides a fluid-tight seal directly with the shoulder of the stem without requiring an o-ring or any other additional sealing component. Moreover, the concave and convex plates are structurally equivalent such that the actuator may easily be switched between a biased-open configuration and a biased-closed configuration.

Abstract: A system for making a beverage, the system comprising a pad (7) and a holder (6) in which the pad (7) is placed in use, the pad being provided with a chamber in which a product (24) required for making the beverage is situated, the system defining, at least partly, a fluid path, while the fluid path extends, in use, at least through the product (24) in the pad (7), while in use a fluid is introduced into the fluid path under super-atmospheric pressure, wherein the system is designed for assuming two conditions, i.e. a froth condition in which a beverage with a froth layer is produced, and a froth-free condition in which a beverage substantially without froth layer is produced. Also is described a restriction element (15a, 16, 18, 19, 20) and a pad (7) and the use of such a system as a method for making beverage.

Abstract: The invention refers to a moka coffee machine, basically traditional, modified in order to obtain an expresso coffee without altering the organoleptic properties thereof. The machine according to the invention allows to control the temperature of the water inside the boiler, and to prepare the drink without having the water reaching exceedingly high pressures.

Abstract: A cooker to smoker adapter is provided, and in one embodiment the cooker to smoker adapter includes first and second walls constructed to cooperate with a wall of a cooker to provide a fuel containment zone for receipt of fuel to be used in a smoking process. In another embodiment, one of the walls includes at least one aperture to readily permit the addition of fuel to the fuel containment zone. In yet another embodiment, a second aperture is provided in one of the walls, this aperture being adapted to receive a reservoir for a liquid. In a further embodiment, a liquid holding reservoir is provided integral with one of the walls. In another embodiment, stand-alone structures are provided to define a fuel containment zone to permit the burning of fuel while avoiding direct radiant transmission of heat from the fuel containment zone to a food which is being smoked. In one embodiment, the stand-alone structure is adapted to receive a reservoir for water.

Abstract: A slide position sensor includes: a link supporting member projecting from the slide toward the upright, a dual axis link member whose first end is rotatably supported and hung by the link supporting member, a plate rotatably supported and hung by a second end of the dual axis link member, a rack that is provided to the plate and extends in the hanging direction, a pinion that meshes with the rack and an encoder system that senses the rotation of the pinion.

Abstract: A printing device comprising a stencil printing device which is excellent in operativity, in which a print drum with UV ink and non-UV ink can be used in a single stencil printing device. The printing device has a stencil printing control device and UV irradiation control device in which a drum unit ink type identifying sensor, which detects whether the print drum attached to the stencil printing device main body is a print drum unit for UV ink or a drum unit for non-UV ink, is used to operate at least a UV lamp, of the UV lamp and a UV auxiliary lamp, and to irradiate UV light when attachment of the drum unit for UV ink is detected, or to stop the operation of the UV lamp and UV auxiliary lamp when attachment of the print drum unit for non-UV ink is detected.

Abstract: A housing includes a substrate and a decorative layer formed on one surface of the substrate. The decorative layer includes two colored ink coatings, each of which is partially interlaced with the other and has a color depth decreasing from one end thereof towards the other colored ink coating to another end thereof and partially mixed with the other colored ink coating.

Abstract: A printing blanket includes a carrier sleeve layer having at least one axially convex surface and a print layer disposed over the carrier sleeve layer. A blanket cylinder with a convex outer surface and a convex shim is also provided. An offset printing press is also provided.

Abstract: An inertial igniter for use with a thermal battery for producing power upon acceleration is provided. The inertial igniter including: a base; at least one member disposed on the base, the at least one member having a hole; a mass movable towards the base, the mass having a concave portion; a locking ball disposed in the hole in the at least one member and having a portion thereof disposed in the concave portion for preventing relative movement of the mass with the base when an acceleration time profile is below a predetermined threshold; and a biasing spring including a portion for preventing the locking ball from leaving the concave portion when the acceleration time profile is below the predetermined threshold and for allowing the locking ball to leave the concave portion when the acceleration time profile is below the predetermined threshold to unlock the mass and permit movement of the mass relative to the base.

Abstract: A method for operating a thrust-generating supercavitating projectile involves launching the projectile at a velocity above the minimum required to maintain supercavitating movement, delaying initiation of thrust until the projectile slows to a velocity that is near that minimum velocity, and then applying thrust to maintain the near-minimum velocity until a target is reached.

Abstract: A shellcase body for use as part of an ammunition cartridge, which includes a base portion at one end, a middle portion having a substantially straight sidewall and joined with the base portion, and a shoulder portion joined to and extending from the middle portion. A neck portion may be joined to and extend from the shoulder portion. The shoulder portion is typically annularly shaped and includes a semi-circular sidewall that extends between an aft end and a fore end. The semi-circular sidewall has a curvature that is defined by a circular arc having a predetermined radius and a center that is positioned a distance away from the shellcase body center longitudinal axis. The shoulder portion is joined with the straight sidewall at a secant point of the circular arc, i.e., the straight sidewall defines a secant line that intersects the circular arc at the aforementioned secant point.

Abstract: A bonnet captures exhaust gases from the exhaust pipes of diesel-powered locomotives. The bonnet includes a shell with a compliant fender. One or more of the bonnets are positioned over the exhaust pipe or pipes of the locomotive and are secured to the exhaust pipes or to a top surface of the locomotive. The bonnets are connected to a manifold, and the manifold carries the exhaust gasses to an Emissions Control Unit (ECU) for processing. The bonnets enclose a volume above and/or around the exhaust pipes and the compliant bumper closes against the internal or external surface of the exhaust pipe or pipes or against the top surface of the locomotive surrounding the exhaust pipe or pipes. The closing prevents or limits outside air from entering the bonnet and the exhaust gases from being emitted to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Automatic cable transport facility along a closed loop line, including vehicles that can be disengaged at a set rate in stations after moving along a disengaged circuit where they are driven at low speed along disembarkation and embarkation platforms. Each station includes an automatic control mechanism able to extract the vehicles from the slow progression in the disengaged circuit, and transfer them to a disembarkation/embarkation point which is assigned to them in order of arrival, the previous vehicle having previously been reintegrated into the slow progression line in the place of the vehicle extracted in accordance with a preset program. A compensation point includes a permanently available spare empty vehicle which can be used to fill an empty space left by a vehicle that has been delayed and stopped at the disembarkation/embarkation point.

Abstract: The door operating system of the present invention can be applied to new railcar or retrofitted to existing railcar designs. The hopper car will have a pair of doors on opposed sides of the center sill which are connected through a door spreader. The pneumatic, individual door operating system is connected to the door spreader through an adjustable spreader fulcrum in which the sliding adjustment may add in a proper connection force or tension between the door operating system and the individual doors.

Abstract: A method of injection and combustion control and related injection nozzles and lances are described which facilitate the merging of the combustion of fossil fuels and separately added solid biomass waste product fuels in the form of pelletized chars and fine particulates. An assembly of five concentric, annular tubes and conically shaped exit tips is used to deliver air conveyed biomass fuel as an annular stream between two higher velocity air streams, both of which converge so as to accelerate and propel the biomass fuel, and distribute it into the flame zone produced in a conventional fossil fueled boiler. The additional air required for combustion of the biomass fuel is fed to the expanding plume produced by the fuel delivery stream and adjoining air streams. A portion of the combustion air is delivered through the inside of the inner tube in sufficient volume to provide the entrainment flow produced by the expanding air streams.

Abstract: A process for combusting fuels, in particular waste, includes reducing the oxygen mass flow of the underfire combustion gas and increasing the oxygen mass flow of the overfire combustion gas in the event of an increase in the reaction rate or combustion intensity.

Abstract: A pyrolyzer has a heated inner housing that includes first and second conveyors. Preferred conveyors have independent or at least potentially independent flows of material to be pyrolyzed. All suitable conveyors are contemplated, including especially screw conveyors, or combination of screw and paddle conveyors. Both first and second conveyors can be disposed within a common lumen, with a partial divider between them. An alternative divider is also contemplated that more or less divides the inner housing into two lumens. Thus, the lumens can be entirely distinct, or can have cross-flow of gases and/or material being pyrolyzed. Heat transfer fins can be advantageously attached, extend from, or be otherwise coupled to the inner housing to assist in transfer of heat into the lumen(s) of the inner housing.

Abstract: A waste treatment system processes waste upon the application of energy. The system includes a vessel, and a plurality of plasma torches. Organic and/or inorganic waste may be introduced into the vessel, and the plasma torches may supply energy to treat the waste. The vessel is shaped to facilitate a cyclonic or substantially cyclonic flow of the contents within the vessel. The plasma torches may be positioned to enhance the cyclonic flow within the vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus that cleanly severs and clears crop debris from a planting row or closes a furrow while causing minimal disturbance to the soil. The residue coulter apparatus comprises a pair of flat discs each having a plurality of back swept teeth extending about their periphery. The teeth include a beveled cutting edge on the outer edge of the teeth adapted to sever residue from the field or close a furrow. The discs are oriented substantially vertical to the ground. Two discs are used in combination to clear a pathway for planting seed or for closing a furrow.