Abstract: A sunshade for mounting to a building structure has first and second extruded outriggers spaced apart from each other and louvers extending from the first outrigger to the second outrigger. The first and second outriggers have an elongated body, an upper leg extending from an upper portion of the elongated body, and a lower leg extending from a lower portion of the elongated body. The outriggers of adjacent sunshades face each other such that the upper legs face each other and the lower legs face each other. A pocket is formed between the adjacent outriggers. The outriggers also have a mounting notch at an end which is mounted to the building structure. The outrigger notch engages a hook on a sunshade anchor mounted to the building structure.

Abstract: A demountable building structure that is readily assembled from a set of components is disclosed. The building structure includes a plurality of arc frame members spaced along a length of the building structure. Each of the arc frame members extends from a first foot portion to a peak, and back to a second foot portion. Each of the arc frame members includes a plurality of beams. Each of the beams includes two opposed flanges. Each of the flanges has two bifurcated ends. The ends define c-shaped rope chases with openings. The building structure further includes bases slidably mateable with the first and second foot portions, and elongate membranes having beaded longitudinal edges. The membranes are stretched between adjacent of the arc frame members. The longitudinal edges are within the rope chases. Spreaders extend between adjacent of the arc frame members for urging apart the arc frame members from each other and for maintaining the membranes in a stretched condition.

Abstract: The present invention provides for track for use in constructing metal stud walls. The track is a generally U-shaped channel having a base and upstanding side walls extending along either side of the base. The base is provided with a plurality of embossed indicator means evenly spaced along the length of the base. The spacing of the embossed indicator means provides a guide for the proper spacing of the studs placed in the base.

Abstract: A telescopic undercarriage for raising and lowering a frame. The undercarriage includes a base section having a pair of parallel base legs extending from a first end to a second end of the base section, the base section including a first plurality of braces extending between respective upper surfaces of the base legs and a second plurality of braces extending between respective lower surfaces of the base legs, the base legs, first plurality of braces and second plurality of braces collectively providing an elongate central base section passage. The undercarriage also includes an extendable section slidably disposed within the base section passage and having opposed legs, a drive system for extending and retracting the extendable section relative to the base section.

Abstract: A method and apparatus providing a tile configured to form a modular floor covering including an array of substantially identical tiles. The tile includes a top surface, bottom side, front and rear sides and first and second lateral sides. The top surface includes an elongated shape and the bottom side includes a support grid. The front and rear sides are defined along a longitudinal length of the elongated shape. The front side includes at least one first hinge member and the rear side includes at least one complementary second hinge member configured to be engageable with the at least one first hinge member of an adjacently positioned tile. The first and second lateral sides define a width of the elongated shape with the first and second lateral sides including a respective tab and slot coupling portion each having a coupling length at least one-third the width of the elongated shape.

Abstract: A riser is formed by a structural sandwich plate member in the run or tread portion but a simple steel plate in the rise portion. This riser is cheaper and simpler to manufacture than risers in which both the run and tread are formed by structural sandwich plate members.

Abstract: A cover for closing an access opening that leads to an infrequently used space within a building, such as an attic, provides thermal and acoustic insulation at the access opening. The cover may be in one or two portions, including a closure alone or a closure and a frame having an aperture that can be closed by engagement between the closure and the frame. When the cover is used alone it engages a frame or a wall circumscribing the access opening. The cover is sized and shaped to close a stairwell, or the opening at one end of a stairway, or an opening in a generally vertical wall that is not necessarily associated with a stairway. The closure and frame are each made of one or more components.

Abstract: A flood protection system for a building employs waterproof flexible sheeting (26) of a size at least sufficient to cover a region to be protected on one or more faces of a building. The sheeting is capable of withstanding water pressure at least with a head as great as the difference in height from the lowest to the highest point of the region. The sheeting has a first side and an opposite side on the side of the sheeting opposite the first side. The first side is arranged to bear against the surface of the building at least around the periphery of the region and an opposite side. A frame of similar dimension to the sheeting is used to mount the sheeting with its first side against the face of the building. The frame co-operates with compressible sealing means (23, 24) which bear against the opposite side of the sheeting to thereby press the first side against the face of the building. Fixing means mount the frame to the surface of the building without the fixing means piercing the sealing means.

Abstract: A gymnastic floor structure includes an elastic collective floor substrate 30 having a given area formed by arranging a plurality of plywood unit floor panels 3 equipped with a plurality of elastically supporting leg members 2 provided on a bottom surface thereof on a floor surface of a building, and an elastic layer including a flat cushioning air mat 4 and a fiber mat 5 as essential structural elements provided on the floor substrate 30. The air mat 4 includes a linking body 41 in which a pair of textile inner sheets 41a and 41b are linked by a plurality of linking threads 43 and airtight external sheets 42 and 42a entirely covering the linking body 41, and has an airtight space 44 therein.

Abstract: A shear wall construction and method for assembling the same is disclosed. A plywood sheet includes close laterally-spaced pairs of vertical studs or posts proximate each lateral end. A channel-defining member is fitted and fixed between the spaced studs. A tie member extends from the channel-defining member into a concrete foundation or other underlying building element. A track is also provided for sheathing a lower edge of the shear wall. Protrusions from the metal track aid in anchoring the shear wall to the concrete foundation.

Abstract: A flooring system including horizontal metal framing members, for example, C-joists, U-joists, open web joists, HAMBRO or other metal frame systems that support a reinforced, lightweight, dimensionally stable SCP panel. The flooring system is non-combustible, water durable, mold and rot resistant, termite resistant and is capable of resisting shear loads equal to or exceeding shear loads provided by plywood or oriented strand board panels. The panels employ one or more layers of a continuous phase resulting from the curing of an aqueous mixture of inorganic binder, for example, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, hydraulic cement, an active pozzolan and lime. The continuous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and contains lightweight filler particles, for example, ceramic microspheres.

Abstract: A vertical shear wall system including vertical metal framing members, for example, C-joists, U-joists, open web joists, or other metal frame systems that support a reinforced, lightweight, dimensionally stable SCP panel. The shear wall system is non-combustible, water durable, mold and rot resistant, termite resistant and is capable of resisting shear loads equal to or exceeding shear loads provided by plywood or oriented strand board panels. The panels employ one or more layers of a continuous phase resulting from the curing of an aqueous mixture of inorganic binder, for example, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, hydraulic cement, an active pozzolan and lime. The continuous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and contains lightweight filler particles, for example, ceramic microspheres.

Abstract: A fire resistive assembly including metal framing members, for example, C-joists, U-joists, open web joists, HAMBRO or other metal frame systems that support a reinforced, lightweight, dimensionally stable SCP panel. The assembly is non-combustible, water durable, mold and rot resistant, termite resistant and is capable of resisting shear loads equal to or exceeding shear loads provided by plywood or oriented strand board panels. The panels employ one or more layers of a continuous phase resulting from the curing of an aqueous mixture of inorganic binder, for example, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, hydraulic cement, an active pozzolan and lime. The continuous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and contains lightweight filler particles, for example, ceramic microspheres.

Abstract: A wall materials bracket comprises a base piece 11, a catching piece 12, a spacing piece 13 and a holding piece 14, and further includes a leaning means for leaning an insulation put on the catching piece 12 against a wall substrate. For example, the leaning means is constructed with the upper half 111 of the upper part 110 of the base piece 11, a slope 113 in the lower half 112 of the upper part 110, and a cavity 132 and bosses (133) in the upper part 130 of the spacing piece 13.

Abstract: A main tee member having a measurement indicia system for use with a suspended ceiling includes a support flange and a web extending upwardly from the support flange. The web has first and second sides and a plurality of receiving channels extending from the first side of the web to the second side of the web. The receiving channels are configured to receive a cross tee member. A plurality of first indicia are marked on the first side, and a plurality of second indicia are marked on the second side, and are disposed at the same incremental distances along the length of the main tee member for indicating the location of a selected receiving channel for receiving a first selected cross tee member, and for indicating the location of a selected receiving channel for receiving a second selected cross tee member to be introduced from the opposite side.

Abstract: An anchoring panel for a sport wall system with a front side facing an interior of the sport wall system, a back side, a flange extending from and rigidly fixed to the back side, a top side, a bottom side, and a first and second end wall is provided. Each of the first and second end walls include interlocking elements for interlocking with a first or second end of another panel in the sport wall system, the interlocking elements comprising at least a male knob extending towards the bottom side of the anchoring panel and configured to be insertable into a panel recess of the another panel in the sport wall system.

Abstract: Flooring blocks which can be easily joined to each other and removed have a square-shaped main body and have, on the sides of a square-shaped main body, concave portions and convex portions. In the block main body, block main body side pin insertion paths are perforated along the sides on which the concave portions are formed, and in the convex portions, convex portion side pin insertion paths are perforated. In the block main body side pin insertion paths, pin main bodies of lock pins are inserted slidably between joining positions and housed positions, and the block main body side pin insertion path is partially formed into an open groove opened to the block main body surface, and the open groove is provided with a first lateral groove and a second lateral groove, and block main bodies adjacent to each other are joined to each other by sliding the pin main body of the lock pin in a state that the concave portion and the convex portion are engaged with each other.

Abstract: A system and method for joining floor planks includes two or more planks wherein each plank includes a tongue, a groove, and optionally a shoulder, and optionally a protruding lip, that provide a mechanism for connecting two or more planks together. The tongue can be on the opposing side of each plank from the groove. The groove can be defined between a first flange extending along a first edge of the plank and from one side of the plank, and a second flange extending distally beyond a distal edge of the first flange from the first edge of the plank and from a second side of the plank opposite from the first side. The tongue can be S-shaped to form an interlocking relationship with the groove.

Abstract: A first concrete block has an exposure face with a non-planar first topographical definition and a first edge along the side face and a second edge along the second side face. The first edge has a first irregular profile. A second concrete block has an exposure face with a non-planar second topographical definition and a first edge and a second edge. The second topographical definition is different from the first topographical definition. The second edge of the second block has an irregular profile that is the mirror image of the first irregular profile. The blocks can be oriented adjacent and against each other for a seamless appearance. Assembling methods include orienting the first side of the first block against the second side of the second block and aligning the first irregular profile of the first block with the first irregular profile of the second block for a seamless appearance.

Abstract: A clip or connector is provided for assembling part of a door or window frame having first and second sheet material frame members to be retained in abutting relationship and in a particular predetermined position relative to each other. Each frame member has a concave channel formation along its length. The clip has a head and a body with a neck therebetween. The head engages with a tight interference or frictional fit within the channel formation of the first frame member and the body engages with a tight interference or frictional fit within the channel of the second frame member, such that the frame members are located and held in their particular predetermined position.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for tying down an existing roof frame to resist windstorm uplift forces, in which an elongate connector is inserted slantingly upward through a hole through the roof frame, allowing an upper end of the connector to protrude from the roof frame to receive a head member which is detachably attached thereto in order to prevent the roof frame from moving upward relative to the connector under an uplift force. The lower end of the connector is secured to an underlying wall such that the connector applies a restraining force against wind uplift forces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating a reinforced vertical multi-sided monopole tower for supporting equipment including a multi-sided monopole, a plurality of holes on three equally spaced sides of the multi-sided monopole tower and tower reinforcement apparatus mounted to the holes. The tower reinforcement apparatus includes bolts supporting a first flat bar and a second flat bar on each side of the tower. The upper end of the first flat bar abuts a lower end of the second bar and a plate is bolted over adjacent ends connecting the first and second flat bar such that the first and second flat bars are sandwiched between the plate and a side of the perimeter of the monopole.

Abstract: An ice bagging system is described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of making a teeth treatment device, the method including the steps of passing a substrate through a container having melted wax therein to form a wax saturated substrate; applying a quantity of bleaching solution to one side of the wax saturated substrate; joining a thin plastic sheet to the one side of the wax saturated substrate to form a plastic coated wax saturated substrate having a quantity of bleach; cutting the plastic coated wax saturated substrate having a quantity of bleach into individual strips having a predetermined configuration; and packaging the individual strips.

Abstract: A blister pack and a method for packaging a blister in the blister pack are proposed. The blister pack 10 in this case comprises a base field 14 with at least one recess 16 or perforation 18 for removal of at least one product arranged in a blister 36. A bottom field 26 is connected to the base field 14. A closure field 30 is connected to the bottom field 26. The blister pack 10 is distinguished by a fixing tab 22 which is mounted on the base field 14 for the purpose of fixing at least one blister 36 that is to be packaged in the blister pack 10.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cargo shipping crate having a base, four sides and a top cap, a first panel and a second panel. The first panel and the second panel form four sides of the crate. Each panel has a first, a second and a third subpanel. The first subpanel of the first panel is positioned to overlap the third subpanel of the second panel, and the second subpanel of the first and the second panel have substantially identical dimensions. The first subpanel of the first and the second panel have substantially identical dimensions, and the third subpanel of the first and the second panel have substantially identical dimensions. The top cap has four flaps, each of the four flaps are rotatable to a position superjacent a subpanel.

Abstract: A system (10) for dispensing dunnage material includes a chute (30) connectable to a supply (20, 40) of flowable dunnage. A container (12) or a bottom of the chute (30) is moved into a dispensing position where the bottom of the chute (30) is proximate the fill plane of the container (12). A controller (16) selectively opens a shutter (50) at the bottom of the chute (30) to dispense dunnage and then closes the shutter (50) to separate the dispensed dunnage from the dunnage in the chute (30) while also removing the dunnage above the fill plane of the container (12). The chute (30) includes at least one substantially horizontal plate member (54) that is openable to selectively vary the size of an aperture (52) created thereby at the bottom of the chute (30) for dispensing dunnage material therethrough.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for separating grass clippings from air in a recirculating bagging apparatus for a lawnmower can include a grass-collecting compartment for collecting grass clippings discharged from a lawnmower and an air discharge channel in communication with and disposed below the grass-collecting compartment. The grass-collecting compartment can have a non-breathable bottom floor for receiving and supporting collected grass clippings. The air discharge channel can be adapted for passage of air discharged from a lawnmower through the grass-collecting compartment and out of the bagging apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rope made of a textile fibre material and present in the form of a core-sheath structure in a manner known per se. The rope according to the invention is characterized in that the specific strength of the rope Fs (in [daN/g core/m rope]) complies with the following formula depending on the diameter of the rope DM (in [mm]): Fs>212?DM.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cable drag device (1) for guiding power supply cables. Said cable drag device is constituted of a plurality of members (2) that are hinged to each other and that comprise two respective side bars (3) inter-linked by a cross connection. The aim of the invention is to provide a cable drag device (1) whose upper strand is suitably supported in a suitable retaining device for the upper strand. For this purpose, the side bars (3) of at least some members (2) comprise supporting elements (9) that project outward beyond the remaining areas of the outer face (10) of the respective side bar (3) when having a substantially linear relative position to an adjacent member. These supporting elements do not project outward beyond the remaining areas of the outer face (10) of the respective side bar (3) when offset relative to the adjacent member.

Abstract: A journal bearing provides lubrication to planetary gears during windmilling operation of a fan section. A primary oil pump provides oil from an oil supply during driven operation of the fan and a secondary oil pump driven by a generator provides oil during windmilling operation of the fan. The generator acts as a dynamic brake when the aircraft is grounded to prevent windmilling. A switch selects between the primary and secondary oil pump and controls the brake application.

Abstract: A turbofan jet engine design that utilizes aerodynamic coupling to transmit power from a high-speed engine core to a lower speed fan, thereby simplifying the design and improving the thrust-to-weight ratio compared to previous turbofan designs. The engine uses a low speed co-rotating power turbine located upstream of the engine core to drive the fan. The high-speed core uses a centrifugal impeller to pressurize the inlet flow, the flow exits the high-speed impeller without diffusing its high-speed angular momentum and enters directly into the low speed co-rotating power turbine impeller. The incoming flow is then turned by the low speed co-rotating turbine impeller and exits the turbine opposing its direction of rotation, thereby extracting power from the flow to drive the fan. The exit flow from the low speed power turbine then enters the combustor inlet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a propulsion system for a vehicle. The propulsion system has an airframe integrated hydrocarbon fueled airbreathing engine, such as a ramjet or a scramjet. The propulsion system further has at least one rocket positioned so as to use the aft body contour of the vehicle directly for flow expansion. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of rockets are arrayed across the width of the engine nozzle.

Abstract: An exhaust catalyst is charged with oxygen until saturated. A given first rich air/fuel ratio is set in a combustion chamber of a cylinder. A first oxygen storage capacity value is determined depending on the measured signals from first and second exhaust probes. The exhaust catalyst is charged with oxygen until saturated. A given second rich air/fuel ratio is set in the combustion chamber of the cylinder. A second oxygen storage capacity value is determined depending on the measured signal from the first and second exhaust probe. A corrected oxygen storage capacity value is determined depending on the first and second oxygen storage capacity values.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to diagnose a failure of an addition valve provided in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. To achieve the object, post injection through a fuel injection valve of the internal combustion engine and reducing agent addition through the reducing agent addition valve are performed at different timings, the quantity of fuel injected through the fuel injection valve when the post injection is performed and the quantity of reducing agent added through the reducing agent addition valve when the reducing agent addition is performed are estimated based on a same parameter, and it is diagnosed that the reducing agent addition valve has a failure on condition that the difference between the estimated fuel quantity and the estimated reducing agent quantity exceeds a predetermined quantity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a procedure to heat up or keep warm an exhaust gas emission control assembly of a vehicle with a drive train containing one transmission. The drive train is powered by an internal combustion engine and at least one second drive unit. It is proposed that also in an operating state, which lies outside of the idle speed, a rotational speed or a torque of the internal combustion engine deviating from values for the engine rotational speed and the torque is set, which would exist during an identical driving condition without the heating-up or keeping warm of the exhaust gas emission control assembly.

Abstract: A NOx reduction catalyst and an ammonia slip oxidation catalyst are disposed in an exhaust system in this order, and also, an electric fan is disposed on piping which communicates an upper space of a storage tank storing therein a reducing agent with the exhaust upstream of the NOx reduction catalyst. Then, when the temperature of the ammonia slip oxidation catalyst reaches or exceeds the temperature for activating a catalyst thereof, the electric fan is operated for a predetermined period of time, so that the gas (ammonia series gas) in the upper space of the storage tank is forcibly discharged to the upstream side of the NOx reduction catalyst. Further, a discharge-forcing device, such as an electric fan or the like, forcibly discharging the gas in the upper space of the storage tank, an adsorbing device temporarily adsorbing thereto the forcibly discharged gas and an oxidation catalyst oxidizing the gas desorbed from the adsorbing device, may be disposed to the storage tank in this order.

Abstract: A medium supply system of an exhaust gas cleaning device for treating the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine comprising a storage tank and a supply line which is connected to the storage tank for supplying the medium to a dosing unit connected to an exhaust pipe and to a recycling line for recycling the medium to the storage tank. The supply line and/or the recycling line are provided with at least one conduit area comprising at least one first and second parallel partial channels for the medium circulation, wherein said partial channels exhibit different insulation properties. An exhaust gas cleaning device comprising the inventive supply system and a method for the operation thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for adding at least one, in particular liquid, reactant, to an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine includes adding a reactant flow to the stream downstream of an element provided for an at least partial conversion and/or at least partial elimination of at least one component of the stream, so that at least part of the reactant flow impinges on the element. This achieves rapid evaporation of the reactant flow. Impinging on the element, which is hot during operation, i.e. at temperatures of 400° C. and more, causes rapid evaporation and, because of a preferably porous coating of the element, take-up of the reactant solution into the element with successive evaporation. Urea, in particular, can be evaporated quickly, effectively and virtually completely upon introduction into an exhaust system as a reducing agent for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides, in particular in a downstream SCR catalytic converter.

Abstract: A regeneration controller for an exhaust purification apparatus (36, 38) of an engine (2) that appropriately burns particulate matter accumulated in the exhaust purification apparatus. The regeneration controller includes an ECU (70) that determines whether an estimated accumulation amount (PMsm) of particulate matter deviates from an actual accumulation amount. When the estimated accumulation amount is less than or equal to a maximum value (BUpm) and an exhaust pressure difference (?P/GA) is greater than a correction reference value (Dp), the ECU adds a correction value corresponding to the exhaust pressure difference to the estimated accumulation amount. This causes the estimated accumulation amount to approach the actual accumulation amount.

Abstract: The inventors' concept relates to controlling a power generation system having an exhaust aftertreatment system comprising a fuel reformer and an LNT in series. Over the course of a desulfation, a fuel injection upstream of the fuel reformer is pulsed to create alternating lean and rich phases and control the LNT temperature. The LNT temperature is controlled by manipulating a minimum temperature for the fuel reformer at the end of the lean phase, a length of the lean phase, or a pulse frequency. Preferably, the rich phases end when the fuel reformer reaches a predetermined maximum temperature. The method is effective in regulating the fuel reformer temperature while accurately controlling the LNT temperature.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system for a combustion engine is provided. The fuel delivery system includes an exhaust treatment device, a fuel injection unit, a fuel supply, and a fuel pump. The fuel pump includes at least one inlet configured to receive fuel from the fuel supply. A first fixed-output pumping element is configured to generate a first fuel flow at a first pressure and a first flow rate. A second fixed-output pumping element is configured to generate a second fuel flow at a second pressure and a second flow rate. At least one of the second pressure and the second flow rate is different from the first pressure and the first flow rate. A first outlet is configured to direct the first fuel flow to the fuel injection unit. A second outlet is configured to direct the second fuel flow to the exhaust treatment device.

Abstract: A system for reducing the emissions produced by an engine affixed to a body during operation and reducing noise and vibration. The present invention is particularly related to a small form factor active/passive Diesel Particulate Filter system having an exhaust backpressure sensor, a heating element, a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst, a power relay switch, a filter and an electronic control unit for controlling the heating element based on backpressure detected by the sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for utilizing engine-generated heat in a NOx-adsorber system. The apparatus may comprise a combustion device generating a heated exhaust stream. The apparatus may include a catalytic component that initiates at least one exhaust conditioning reaction within the heated exhaust stream. The catalytic component is fluidly coupled to the engine with a downpipe segment configured to preserve a minimum temperature at the catalytic component inlet based on specified operating conditions for the combustion device. The apparatus may also include a NOx-adsorber fluidly coupled to the catalytic component with a second downpipe segment.

Abstract: An aftertreatment burner for an exhaust treatment device is disclosed. The aftertreatment burner may have a mounting member, and a canister connected to the mounting member to form a combustion chamber. The aftertreatment burner may also have a fuel injector disposed within the mounting member to selectively inject fuel into combustion chamber, and an air supply line configured to supply air to the combustion chamber. The aftertreatment burner may further have an igniter disposed within the mounting member to ignite the fuel/air mixture, and a thermal couple configured to detect the ignition.

Abstract: A cylinder head 2 for a multiple-cylinder internal combustion engine is provided with a centralized exhaust passageway E. The centralized exhaust passageway E includes individual exhaust passageways 51 to 54 connected to combustion chambers defined by recesses 11 to 14, and a central passageway 60 collecting the exhaust gas flowing through the individual exhaust passageways 51 to 54. Each of the exhaust passageways 51 to 54 has two branch passageways 21, 31; 22,32; 23,33; 24,34 extending from the exhaust ports Ea opened and closed by exhaust valves 6, and a merging passageway 41; 42; 43; 44 having one end connected to the two branch passageways. The respective passage diameters D1 to D4 of the merging passageways 41 to 44 are substantially equal to the passage diameters d1 to d4 of the branch passageways. The merging passageways 41 to 44 and the central collecting passageway 60 are surrounded with water jackets W1 and W2 from above and below.

Abstract: An exhaust gas throttle means for motor vehicles comprises a housing in which an exhaust gas throttle is arranged. The exhaust gas throttle is connected with a throttle shaft which is supported in bearing elements. Inside the housing two stopper elements are provided which are arranged in recesses of the housing to be received in correct positional arrangement.

Abstract: A control device includes an arm cylinder having a cylinder body and a piston that slides inside the cylinder body and a pump that supplies working oil to the arm cylinder, and decelerates the piston when it approaches a stroke end of the arm cylinder by adjusting a supply rate of the working oil supplied from the pump to the arm cylinder and a discharge rate of the working oil discharged from the arm cylinder. The position at which the piston starts decelerating is set further from the stroke end as the moving speed of the piston becomes higher.

Abstract: A valve assembly (2) forming a bridge circuit and a hydraulic actuator comprising at least one valve assembly (2) are disclosed. The valve assembly (2) is fluidly connectable between a fluid source (3) and a fluid drain (4). The valve assembly (2) comprises a first valve (8) fluidly connected between the fluid source (3) and a first diagonal point (12) of the bridge circuit, a second valve (9) fluidly connected between the fluid source (3) and a second diagonal point (13) of the bridge circuit, a third valve (10) fluidly connected between the first diagonal point (12) and the fluid drain (4), and a fourth valve (11) fluidly connected between the second diagonal point (13) and the fluid drain (4). The valves (8, 9, 10, 11) are such that in the case of a power cut off, flows of fluid away from the diagonal points (12, 13) are prevented.

Abstract: A solar panel carrier T is provided at a sub-structure U such that it can be rotated and tilted by means of hydrostatic rotation and tilt motors M, M?. In an electrohydraulic adjusting device for the solar panel carrier T a motor pump aggregate 8 is connected to the hydrostatic motors. Within working lines A, B of the tilt hydrostatic motor M at least one tilt control system K is provided, which comprises valve components and a pilot pressure circuit. The tilt control system K comprises pressure actuated blocking valves or load holding valves LHVA, LHVB. For automatically adjusting a protected position S of the carrier T a suction line N is provided at the side of the hydrostatic tilt motor facing to the blocking valves or load holding valves. The suction line N is surveyed by a monitoring solenoid 18 and is opened depending on initial pressure conditions in case of switching off the electric power and/or in case of an electric breakdown.