Abstract: A lamp has multiple arms and multiple hinges mounted between two adjacent arms. The hinge has a stationary leaf, multiple pivot assemblies being mounted in the stationary leaf and multiple brackets being respectively connected to the pivot assemblies and two corresponding brackets are attached to each arm. Each pivot assembly has a shaft and a locking nut being mounted on the shaft and selectively engaging a locking hole of each bracket. Since the locking nuts selectively engage the locking holes of the brackets, an angle between the adjacent arms can be adjusted and fixed. Further, two adjacent arms do not influence each other's position, which is convenient for adjusting.

Abstract: A device for handling or storing items uses jaw members that hinge to one of several closed positions in which the inner surface of a first jaw is engaged by an engagement device of the second jaw. An external release member in the second jaw is used to move the engagement device between an engaging and a disengaged position. The second jaw also incorporates a retaining surface, positioned opposite the outer surface of the first jaw when the jaws are closed, which opposes outward flexing of said first jaw member, and thus reduces the opportunity for disengagement due to forces from inside the jaws.

Abstract: A locking enclosure consisting of first and second members joined at one end by a living hinge and having, respectively, a flexible receptacle with an open recess and a foot portion configured to flex the receptacle as it enters the recess to lock the enclosure in a closed position, where damage to the living hinge and inadvertent opening of the enclosure are resisted by a pair of strips that project up from one end of the recess and down toward the recess bottom from the other end of the recess to engage corresponding slots in the foot.

Abstract: A coffin with a removable 2 piece cover that accommodates bodies of differing lengths having, within an enclosure, a 2 piece platform that adjusts so as to allow the body to form a v-shape by bending the body at the hip whereby the longitudinal length of the body can be adjusted.

Abstract: A vault having a rectangular cover, and a rectangular enclosure assembly having a rectangular bottom and a vertical side wall attached to the bottom essentially around the periphery thereof, a curved support base adapted to hold a heart shaped coffin, and four curved support members attached to the bottom and being adapted to support the curved support base vertically above the bottom.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fluid ejecting head includes providing a channel unit including a vibrating plate having nozzle openings through which fluid is ejected and a pressure chamber that communicates with the nozzle openings. A piezoelectric unit includes a piezoelectric element that vibrates the vibrating plate of the channel unit and which includes a securing plate which secures the piezoelectric element. A head case having a housing chamber houses the piezoelectric unit which is pressed against the vibrating plate in a housing direction such that a portion of the piezoelectric unit is also pressed against a sidewall of the housing chamber. The piezoelectric element is secured directly the vibrating plate and the securing plate is secured directly to head case using a bonding process which is performed while the piezoelectric unit is being pressed against the vibrating plate and the sidewall.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for changing a spatula blade is provided. The apparatus has a restraining element for engaging the blade to restrain the blade on a blade support surface. A restraining member is movable from a first position spaced from the blade support surface, and a second position for limiting movement of the blade while restrained by the restraining element at the blade support surface. To remove a blade from a spatula body, the restraining member is moved to the second position. In the second position, movement of the blade is limited to prevent disengagement from the restraining element. A force is applied to the spatula body to separate the body from the blade. To install a blade to a spatula body, the blade is restrained by the restraining element and the restraining member and the spatula body is advanced toward the blade to mount the blade to the body.

Abstract: A device has two units placed one on top of the other, each unit comprising a first side frame (101), a second side frame (102) spaced from the first side frame, and a band (130) running between the side frames (101, 102). Each unit (100, 200) has a pressure chamber (300) attached to the side frames (101, 102) and positioned in a sealed manner against the inner surface of the band (130).

Abstract: A work (W) with a part assembling surface on many faces is rotated by a work holding jig (10) so as to sequentially convert each of the part assembling surfaces to the upward horizontal attitude, a bolt is fastened from above vertically while gripping an assembly part (B) by a part gripping device (12), and this is repeated so that an assembling operation can be carried out smoothly and an assembly space can be saved.

Abstract: A tool for engaging a telecommunications connector within a slot so that a releasable latch of the connector is released by the tool. The tool may be used to remove a telecommunications connector from a mating opening of a receptacle or may be used to insert a connector within a receptacle.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided to minimize the escape of fuel out of a fuel tank when a tank wall is penetrated by a bullet. In one embodiment, a pressure differential may be maintained between a pressure within a fuel tank cavity and another pressure outside the fuel tank cavity in order to minimize the loss of fuel upon penetration of the fuel tank. In another embodiment, a compressed rubber layer of fuel-reactive rubber may be provided which is adapted to be attached to a fuel tank wall and to swell upon contact with fuel in order to substantially seal a penetrated hole in the fuel tank wall.

Abstract: A decorative utility rod assembly that may be attached to a wall or other support surface. The rod assembly has a base rod, a cross rod, a cover plate, a set screw, and a knob or end cap. The proximal (wall) end of the base rod is threaded on its exterior surface. The distal end of the base rod forms a threaded hole. The cover plate forms a threaded hole in a central portion thereof. The cover plate is screwed onto the proximal end of the base rod to hide the wall attachments. One end of set screw is screwed into the threaded hole in the distal end of the base rod. The end cap is screwed onto the other end of the set screw. The cover plate and end cap may be made of a multitude of materials, may have a multitude of surface configurations, may be formed into a multitude of shapes, and may contain indicial of a seasonal, a vanity, an interest of the use, advertising, or decorations to match interior decoration décor. Alternative embodiments include a towel ring, a toilet paper holder, a hook, and shelving.

Abstract: A system and method for profiling and manufacturing curved arches includes cutting out the outer dimensions of individual curved sections from sheet material, each curved section including an outer radius, an inner radius, a top surface, a bottom surface, a male end and a corresponding female end. Assembling together the individual curved sections by joining interferingly end to end male ends with female ends to form an assembled curved section. Milling a profile into the top surface of the assembled curved section thereby resulting in an assembled curved section with a profiled top surface.

Abstract: A hand assembled MEMS apparatus includes meso-scale microfabricated components adapted for being moved by hand relative to one another from a loose-fit preliminary alignment orientation to a relatively tight-fit assembled orientation. A microfabricated spring member is integrally disposed on one of the components to bias the other component towards the assembled orientation. A cam surface disposed on the other component is configured to slidably engage and move the spring member against its bias upon continued hand movement in the assembly direction. A microfabricated abutment is disposed to limit relative movement of the components in at least one direction other than the assembly direction. A microfabricated tactile feedback member is configured to disrupt the hand movement in the assembly direction once the components have substantially reached the assembled orientation.

Abstract: A composite membrane acoustic transducer structure comprising a magnet assembly is arranged adjacent the composite membrane material. The magnet assembly is arranged to produce a flux field. A first layer of thin, elongate composite membrane material is held under tension. A second conductive layer is attached to the first layer of composite membrane material wherein the first and second layers of membrane material are arranged adjacent, generally parallel and offset from the magnet assembly. The assembly is arranged to produce the flux field through at least part of the first layer and the second layer.

Abstract: Making a transducer having a plastic matching layer which includes providing a transducer housing having a proximal end and a distal end, and bonding a plastic to the distal end of the transducer housing (the plastic fluidly sealing and occluding the distal end). The bonding further includes inserting a cylinder comprising a mold-release chemical into the transducer housing, bonding plastic onto the distal end of the transducer housing, and removing the cylinder when the plastic has hardened.

Abstract: In a motor, an insulator covering an armature core has a lid covering an end surface of the armature core. The lid has an inner ring disposed radially inside slots of the armature core and an outer ring disposed radially outside the slots. Each of a plurality of slot insulators inserted into the slots has a blocking portion at a position in the inner ring.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an antenna including a plurality of radiating waveguides disposed so that their wave paths are parallel two by two and including a feed waveguide having a wave path forming a flat zigzag serpentine pattern. The feed waveguide is disposed against the radiating waveguides so that a longitudinal axis of the feed waveguide pattern intersects the radiating waveguides at an angle of substantially 90 degrees. The feed waveguide includes coupling elements on its face in contact with the radiating waveguides. The radiating waveguides are straight and the straight portions of the zigzag wave path in the feed waveguide form a non-zero angle with the wave paths of the radiating waveguides, so that the coupling elements feed the radiating waveguides.

Abstract: A high yield in a manufacture of an HDD having a high recording density and using a patterned medium by a trench-like or a dot-like pattern is realized. In this HDD manufacturing method, a magnetic field size (writing and reading) of a head in a head manufacturing process is measured in a head unit inspection process. According to the result of the measurement, the head is classified into a plurality of groups in a head classifying process. In a patterned medium manufacturing process, a plurality of types of the patterned media which are designed so as to correspond to the classified head groups are manufactured. In an HDD assembly process, the HDD is manufactured by combining the plurality of head groups and the plurality of patterned media following a predetermined rule.

Abstract: Magnetoresistance sensors with magnetic pinned layers that are pinned by anisotropic etch induced magnetic anisotropies and methods for fabricating the magnetoresistance sensors are provided. The method comprises forming a seed layer structure. The seed layer is etched to form an anisotropic etch along a top surface of the seed layer. A magnetic pinned layer is formed on the top surface of the seed layer structure. The anisotropic etch on the top surface of the seed layer structure induces a magnetic anisotropy in the magnetic pinned layer, which pins the magnetization of the magnetic pinned layer structure.

Abstract: A group of magnetic strands are configured into a minimal number of solid magnetized toroidal rings with a conical magnetization direction and then aligned, stacked and assembled into a magic sphere magnetic structure. Each magnetized toroidal ring has predetermined dimensions to form the inner and outer surfaces of a spherical shell. The present invention also encompasses a magic sphere magnetic device with unsegmented solid magnetized toroidal rings and methods for assembling a magic sphere by stacking magnetized toroidal rings with a conical magnetic direction.

Abstract: A cable assembly apparatus for coupling a connector to a cable having a base supporting an interface pedestal dimensioned to receive the connector; an inductor coil coupled to an inductor coil actuator operable to move the inductor coil between a load position and an operation position proximate the interface pedestal; a grip clamp operable by a clamp actuator to move between an open position and a closed position above the interface pedestal; and a temperature sensor configured to read a temperature proximate the interface pedestal. A method for using the apparatus retains the pre-assembled connector and cable in an aligned orientation for controlled heating by the induction heater to heat a solder preform to solder the connector to an outer conductor of the cable.

Abstract: An insulation sleeve assembling apparatus that assembles a tubular insulation sleeve to a lead wire that is formed of a plurality of conductors includes an actuator unit that rotates the insulation sleeve while actuating the lead wire and the insulation sleeve in a direction in which the lead wire and the insulation sleeve approach each other.

Abstract: In non-limiting, exemplary embodiments a mount assembly is provided for mounting an inspection sensor to a surface of a workpiece. The mount assembly includes a mount having an attachment portion and an engagement portion. The attachment portion is arranged to attach the mount to the surface of the workpiece. The engagement portion is arranged to engage the inspection sensor with the mount. Exemplary mount assemblies may be arranged to mount pulse echo ultrasonic testing transducers, focused ultrasonic testing transducers, through transmission ultrasonic testing transducers, eddy current inspection sensors, or any type of inspection sensor as desired.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for making a compliant interconnect assembly adapted to electrically couple a first circuit member to a second circuit member. The first dielectric layer has a first major surface and a plurality of through openings. A plurality of electrical traces are positioned against the first major surface of the first dielectric layer. The electric traces include a plurality of conductive compliant members having first distal ends aligned with a plurality of the openings in the first dielectric layer. The first distal ends are adapted to electrically couple with the first circuit member. The second dielectric layer has a first major surface positioned against the electric traces and the first major surface of the first dielectric layer. The second dielectric layer has a plurality of through openings through which the electric traces electrically couple with the second circuit member.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electronic component substrate is provided, the method allowing manufacturing yield to be improved. The method of manufacturing an electronic component substrate in which a plurality of electronic components are mounted on a first substrate includes the steps of: aligning and disposing the plurality of electronic components on a second substrate; transferring the electronic components on the second substrate onto the first substrate; detecting an electronic component un-mounted portion on the first substrate; and repairing by selectively re-transferring the electronic component from the second substrate onto the detected un-mounted portion on the first substrate.

Abstract: An electronic device with a reworkable electronic component, a method of manufacturing the electronic device, and a method of reworking the electronic component are disclosed. The electronic device includes a first cavity provided in a board body. A first metal pattern is provided on the board body and adjacent to the first cavity. A first electronic component is provided in the first cavity. A first connection pattern is provided adjacent to an upper edge portion of the first electronic component and extends to the first metal pattern so that the first metal pattern is electrically connected to the first electronic component.

Abstract: A circuit element comprises a wiring board; the wiring board comprises a substrate and a wiring formed on the substrate, and a lid joined on the substrate containing a part of the wiring with a binder and making a sealed space above the substrate, wherein if a spot of the wiring joined with the lid by a binder is a spot of junction, a flank of both flanks of the wiring comprise bends in the spot of junction.

Abstract: A method is provided for the production of gas turbine rotors with integrated blading. In a first step, rotating blades are produced. Subsequently, at least one of the produced rotating blade blanks is connected to the rotor bearing, then the or each of the rotating blade blanks connected to the rotor bearing are processed to form a nominal shape of the or each rotating blade. Consequently, the end contours of the gar turbine rotor with integrated balding are finely processed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a catalytic converter is described where the catalytic converter is comprised of an outer tube member having a monolith substrate internally compressed therein with a wrapped mat material surrounding the monolith substrate and intermediate the outer tube. One or more monolith members can be applied within the outer tube and heat shields may also be applied internal to the outer tube and adjacent to the monolith substrate. The assembly of the catalytic converter includes measuring the sequence of compression of the mat material to the monolith substrate in order to understand the possible force characteristics that can be applied during the assembly thereof. The mat material is therefore compressed within the outer tube by way of compression jaws, by compression rollers, by spinning and/or by a shrinker including compression members. The compression of the mat material can be in single or multiple steps.

Abstract: A method for combining axially heated heat pipes and a heat-conducting base includes the steps of preparing a heat-conducting base and a plurality of heat pipes, providing a plurality of penetrating holes on a surface of the heat-conducting base, inserting one end of each heat pipe into the individual penetrating hole of the heat-conducting base, performing a lateral pressing to the heat-conducting base so as to bring each heat pipe into a tight and planar contact with the wall of each corresponding penetrating hole in the direction of pressing, and grinding the bottom surface of the heat-conducting base to become a flat surface to make the end of each heat pipe flush with the bottom surface of the heat-conducting base.

Abstract: A complete refrigeration system (CRS) including at least one heat exchanger which is designed to occupy an irregular volume to reduce the overall profile of the CRS. The heat exchanger may be a condenser or an evaporator, and includes a substantially solid body made of a thermally conductive metal, plastic, or other material. A plurality of fluid and refrigerant passageways are defined substantially within the solid body for conducing fluid and refrigerant, respectively, through the solid body and facilitating the transfer of heat between the fluid and refrigerant. Also disclosed is a method wherein the spatial orientation of each passageway is optimized with respect to all of the other passageways and the walls of the solid body by determining the relative distance of each passageway from all of the other passageways and the walls of the solid body at a plurality of points along each passageway, followed by adjusting the spatial orientation of the passageway accordingly.

Abstract: A head main body includes a passage unit having nozzles and pressure chambers, and an actuator unit adhered to the passage unit to change the volume of the pressure chambers. On a piezoelectric sheet of the actuator unit, formed are not only individual electrodes corresponding to the respective pressure chambers, but also a land and a dummy land in a pair corresponding to each of the individual electrodes. The land is connected to the individual electrode, and the dummy land is spaced from the individual electrode. The land and the dummy land have substantially the same height from a surface of the piezoelectric sheet, which is higher than that of the individual electrodes. The individual electrodes are connected, through the land, to a cable member to supply a drive signal to the actuator unit.

Abstract: A device is provided for assembling a tapered roller bearing, which allows even a tapered roller having a large taper angle to be easily assembled to a pocket of a cage. The tapered roller (35) is inserted into the pocket (33) with the larger-diameter side of the tapered roller (35) in the lead from the inner side of the cage (30) and moreover from the smaller-diameter annular portion side of the cage (30), by which the tapered rollers (35) are assembled to the cage (30).

Abstract: A seal installation tool assembly and method of using same to install a front seal within a front cover member of an engine. The seal installation tool assembly includes a seal installation sleeve, a threaded fastener, and a washer member. The seal installation sleeve is adapted to receive a front seal and pilots on a drive portion of a crankshaft within the engine. The threaded fastener operates to draw the front seal within the front cover member. Upon contact between the front cover member and the seal installation sleeve, the front seal is properly installed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a double row rolling bearing device includes: providing a collet chuck having radially expandable separated parts and a tapered cone for radially expanding the separated parts; inserting the radially contracted collet chuck into a through hole before the double row rolling bearing is caulked to the hub shaft; caulking the cylindrical end of the hub shaft, with the separated parts being in contact with the end by radially expanding the collet chuck to prevent radially inward plastic deformation of the end; and contracting the collet chuck and extracting the collet chuck out of the hub shaft after the caulking.

Abstract: A hair trimming device is detachably mounted on a handle housing a battery for supplying electric current to a motor located in a drive unit of the trimming device. A trimmer unit includes a plurality of trimmer blade assemblies with different configurations and is rotatable on the drive unit for moving a selected one of the blade assemblies to the operative position in which it is coupled to be driven by the drive unit whilst the other blade assembly which is not in the operative position is uncoupled from the drive output of the drive unit.

Abstract: A cutter assembly for a dry shaver, comprising an elongate carrier member (221); and a cutter element (1210) having a plurality of turns forming a helix, each having an arcuate cutting portion (1211) and an arcuate mounting portion following sequentially along the helix; said carrier member being disposed substantially parallel to the axis (D-D) of said cutter element; and said carrier member contacting and supporting the mounting portions of the turns and leaving the cutting portions as free-span arches.

Abstract: A converter circuit providing multiple current bypass routes between the output leads to provide reliability in a series connection of several converters. If the converter malfunctions due to component failure, the current bypass routes provide a path for the current that views the malfunctioning converter as substantially a short. Diodes prevent backflow into the power source connected to the converter. Redundancy is provided in the bypass portions of the converter circuit that provides alternate parallel paths in case a defective component in one of the paths opens the circuit along that path. In one example, the converter is implemented as a buck plus boost converter where either the buck or the boost portion or both are operative responsive to a controller controlling the switches of both portions. Most of the converter circuit may be implemented in an integrated circuit.

Abstract: A disposable safety scalpel comprises a handle and a blade carrier, which fit together such that the blade carrier can shift between a retracted position whereby a front portion of the handle covers or otherwise blocks contact with the sharp edge of the blade, and an extended position whereby the sharp edge of the blade protrudes beyond the handle. The handle has a substantially flat base portion that can be held by the forefinger of the surgeon for shifting of the carrier with the thumb between retracted and extended positions. When the carrier and blade are extended, the surgeon can hold only the base of the handle between the thumb and forefinger for cutting during surgery. The shifting between the retracted and deployed positions with only the fingers of one hand can be readily accomplished even in the presence of slippery fluids during surgery.

Abstract: An exchange blade knife includes a replaceable blade, a blade holder and a blade lock. The replaceable blade includes an opening adjacent to its base edge. The blade holder includes a blade recess for receiving the replaceable blade and a boss corresponding to the opening in the blade which projects from the surface of the blade recess. The boss has a low portion that is no thicker than the replaceable blade and a raised portion that extends above the surface of the replaceable blade. The blade lock pivots on the blade holder between an opened position for receiving the replaceable blade and a closed position for retaining the replaceable blade. The blade lock also includes an opening for receiving the boss of the blade holder.

Abstract: Disclosed are an arc-drawing assisting apparatus and a tape measure including the arc-drawing assisting apparatus. The an arc-drawing assisting apparatus, which is disposed at a tape of a tape measure so as to allow a user to draw a circle or an arc by using the tape measure, includes an upper case having a graduation checking part for checking graduations of the tape, the graduations checking part being formed at one surface of an upper portion of the upper case and a center adjusting member which is rotatably assembled with the upper case and includes a lower case having an assembling protuberance, which has a center fixing pin protruding downward, formed at a lower end of the lower case.

Abstract: An archery sight assembly comprises a sight, a mounting bracket, and a positioning mechanism for providing adjustment of relative positions or orientations of sight and bracket, which can include a transverse position relative to a sighting direction defined by the sight. The positioning mechanism can include a linear bearing with cylindrical bearing members, a scale and a pointer adjustable relative to the scale, or a rack coupled by one or more gears to an adjustment knob. A method for making the archery sight assembly comprises coupling the archery sight to the mounting bracket using the positioning mechanism. A method for using the archery sight assembly comprises adjusting the position or orientation of the archery sight relative to the mounting bracket using the positioning mechanism.

Abstract: A longitudinally-elongated, hand-held level includes a body having a reference surface, a longitudinally-extending corner adjacent the reference surface, and a plurality of bubble vials for indicating an orientation of the reference surface. One or more battery-powered lights (e.g., LEDs) create a longitudinally elongated light emitting region along the corner to illuminate a longitudinally-elongated area that is adjacent to the level for use in low-light environments. The light(s) may project light through a light guide and/or light diffuser(s) extending along the corner to disperse light along the longitudinal extent of the level. The light(s) may also illuminate the corner(s) of the level and/or the bubble vials to enhance use in low-light environments.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a measurement probe (10) mounted on a machine is described. The measurement probe (10) has a stylus (14) with a workpiece contacting tip (16). The method comprises determining a probe calibration matrix that relates the probe outputs (a,b,c) to the machine coordinate system (x,y,z.). The method comprising the steps of scanning a calibration artefact (18) using a first probe deflection (d1) to obtain first machine data and using a second probe deflection (d2) to obtain second machine data. The first and second machine data are used to obtain a pure probe calibration matrix in which any machine errors are substantially omitted. Advantageously, the method determines the pure probe matrix numerically based on the assumption that the difference between the first and second machine position data is known.

Abstract: A train rail alignment and distance system. The train rail alignment and distance system is a durable, highly accurate, portable electronic measurement system that is used for determining both rail inclination and distance between substantially parallel train rail sections during the processes of railway construction, maintenance, and monitoring. The system is designed to work accurately across a wide temperature range and in extreme weather conditions. It is designed to be easily manufactured, configured and maintained. The system also includes several optional integrated features and functions such as: field calibration, factory configuration, GPS and/or USB integration, PC and/or Internet-based communications, and data logging, data storage, and data analysis capabilities.

Abstract: The invention relates to the simple and low-cost production of an electronic measuring tape (10) comprising an external housing (12) provided with a tape exit opening (14), a tape winding-up device (20), a tape (30) which is wound up in the tape winding-up device (20) and is withdrawable from the external housing (12) through the tape exit opening (14), wherein said tape is provided with first and second surfaces. A radiation source (50) is arranged between the tape exit opening (14) and the tape winding-up device (20) for sending a beam to the first surface of the tape (30). A detecting device (60) is placed at the side of the second surface of the tape (30) for receiving the beam and transmitting data representing the received radiation to an evaluation device (70) for determining, from these data, the length of the tape (30) extracted through the tape exit opening (14).

Abstract: An attachment apparatus is provided for a measuring tape having upwardly curving side edges, a downwardly, substantially perpendicular tab at a leading end, and a scale along the length between the side edges. The apparatus includes an end fitting piece and a medial fitting piece. The end fitting piece has a leg and a seat. The leg extends from the piece to provide a measuring edge. The seat is configured to secure with the tab at the leading end of the tape. The medial fitting piece has a leg and a seat. The leg extends from the piece to provide a measuring edge. The seat is configured to mount onto the tape for slidable movement relative to the end fitting leg to define a distance between the measuring edges readable from the scale on the tape.

Abstract: The personal dryer apparatus provides a full personal enclosure. The apparatus can be positioned as chosen, whether next to a shower or bath or apart from. One door of the apparatus may be selectively removed if complete shower-to-apparatus joining is desired, as the apparatus provides opposite entry and exit. The cap design and interior air delivery and air exit designs provide optimal air flow into, through, and out of the apparatus. The spaced apart nozzles provide multi-levels of air delivery. The apparatus provides temperature controlled heated air. The selectively positioned nozzle openings and fan control provide selectively delivered air flow amounts.

Abstract: A clothes dryer has horizontally extending louvres located in its rear cabinet wall that permit ambient air to enter the dryer cabinet during normal dryer operation. U-shaped cover brackets are positioned to horizontally extend and cover the louvres where the brackets each define a horizontally extending airflow channel having opposing open ends. Air entering the dryer flows through the louvres along the airflow channels and out through the open ends. The cover bracket helps to contain a fire within the dryer cabinet should one occur by restricting flow of ignited particles and other debris as a result of a fire from exiting through the louvre.