Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive resin composition comprising: a polyamic acid including a specific repeating unit; a heterocyclic amine compound; a (metha)acrylate-based compound including one or more double bonds between carbons; a photoinitiator; and an organic solvent, and a dry film prepared therefrom. The photosensitive resin composition can be cured at a low temperature to offer process safety and work convenience, and has excellent bending resistance, soldering heat resistance, and a property of filling the pattern, as well as excellent heat resistance and mechanical properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for fixing a component (6) to or in a printed circuit board (1) and/or for connecting individual elements of a printed circuit board, wherein regions of a component (6) and/or of a printed circuit board (1) to be interconnected or to be fixed to one another are provided with at least one respective solder layer (4, 5, 9, 10), the solder layers (4, 5, 9, 10) are contacted with each other and are interconnected at a pressure and a temperature that is elevated above ambient conditions, an intermetallic diffusion layer (12) being formed, thereby achieving a high-strength connection. The invention further relates to the use of said method and to a printed circuit board (1).

Abstract: An embedded circuit board structure and a fabricating process thereof are disclosed. The embedded circuit board structure comprises a dielectric layer and a metal layer. The dielectric layer comprises an indentation; the indentation is formed by a plurality of pits, and the pits are substantially perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric layer. The metal layer is formed within the indentation.

Abstract: A system to secure a component to a circuit board may include a printed circuit board, a surface mounted component, and a lead carried by the surface mounted component. The system may also include a stencil adhered between at least one of the printed circuit board and the surface mounted component, and the lead adjacent the stencil.

Abstract: In this method of bonding a part to a substrate using a solder paste, the solder paste is mounted or applied between a metallization layer formed on the substrate and a metallization layer formed on the part, and the part is bonded to the substrate by performing a reflow process in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to bond the substrate and the part. The metallization layer formed on the surface of the substrate is planar and includes a metallization layer main portion that has an area smaller than that of the metallization layer of the part and a solder guide portion that protrudes from a periphery of the metallization layer main portion.

Abstract: An electroconductive bonding material contains a thermosetting resin, a low-melting-point metal powder which is melted at a temperature equal to or lower than the thermosetting temperature of the thermosetting resin, a high-melting-point metal powder which is not melted at a temperature equal to or lower than the thermosetting temperature of the thermosetting resin and which reacts with the low-melting-point metal powder to form a reaction product having a high melting point of 300° C. or higher during heat-hardening of the thermosetting resin, and a reducing substance which removes an oxide formed on the surface of the high-melting-point metal powder. The total content of the low-melting-point metal powder and the high-melting-point metal powder is 75% to 88% by weight, and the particle size ratio D1/D2 of the average particle size D1 of the low-melting-point metal powder to the average particle size D2 of the high-melting-point metal powder is 0.5 to 6.0.

Abstract: A printed wiring board includes an interlayer resin insulation layer having the first surface, the second surface on the opposite side of the first surface, and a penetrating hole for a via conductor, a conductive circuit formed on the first surface of the interlayer resin insulation layer, a via conductor formed in the penetrating hole and connected to the conductive circuit on the first surface of the interlayer resin insulation layer, and a surface-treatment coating formed on the surface of the via conductor exposed from the second surface of the interlayer resin insulation layer through the penetrating hole. The via conductor is made of a first conductive layer formed on the side wall of the penetrating hole and a plated-metal filling the penetrating hole. The surface of the via conductor is recessed from the second surface of the interlayer resin insulation layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printed circuit board into which an electromagnetic bandgap structure for blocking a noise is inserted. The electromagnetic bandgap structure can include a first conductor and a second conductor arranged on different planar surfaces, a third conductor arranged on a same planar surface that is different from a planar surface where the second conductor is arranged, and a first stitching via unit configured to connect the first conductor to the third connector through the planar surface where the second conductor is arranged and being electrically separated from the second conductor. The first conductor can include a first plate, a second plate spaced from the first plate, and a second stitching unit configured to electrically connect the first plate to the second plate through a planar surface that is different from a planar surface where the first plate and the second plate are arranged.

Abstract: An EMI noise reduction board is disclosed. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise reduction board having an electromagnetic bandgap structure for shielding a noise includes: a first area having a ground layer and a power layer; a second area placed in a side portion of the first area having an electromagnetic bandgap structure therein. The electromagnetic bandgap structure includes: a plurality of first conductive plates and a plurality of second conductive plates placed on a same planar surface along the side portion of the first area; and a stitching via configured to electrically connect the first conductive plate to the second conductive plate through a planar surface that is different from the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printed circuit board into which an electromagnetic bandgap structure for blocking a noise is inserted. The electromagnetic bandgap structure can include a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate arranged on a planar surface that is different from that of the first conductive plate, a third conductive plate arranged on a planar surface that is different from that of the second conductive plate, a connection pattern arranged on a planar surface that is different from that of the second conductive plate, a first stitching via unit configured to connect the first conductive plate to one end of the connection pattern through the planar surface where the second conductive plate is arranged, and a second stitching via unit configured to connect the third conductive plate to the other end of the connection pattern through the planar surface where the second conductive plate is arranged.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printed circuit board including an electromagnetic bandgap structure. The electromagnetic bandgap structure, which includes a first dielectric material for interlayer insulation and is for blocking a noise, is inserted into the printed circuit board. The electromagnetic bandgap structure can include a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate arranged on a planar surface that is different from that of the first conductive plate, a third conductive plate arranged on a same planar surface as the first conductive plate, and a stitching via unit configured to connect the first conductive plate and the third conductive plate through the planar surface on which the second conductive plate is arranged. A second dielectric material having a permittivity that is different from that of the first dielectric material is interposed between any two of the first conductive plate, the second conductive plate, and the third conductive plate.

Abstract: Corrosion-resistant electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) shielding material. The material is provided as an admixture of an elastomeric polymeric component and a filler component. The filler component is provided as glass or aluminum particles which are electrolessly-plated with a plating of a nickel-phosphorous alloy.

Abstract: A device-cable assembly integrally molded with a resin according to the present invention comprises: the electric/electronic device; the cable including: a cable sheath which is the outermost layer of the cable, the cable sheath being made of a mixture of a fluorocarbon-based polymer and a polyolefin-based copolymer, and fine silica particles that are deposited on the surface of the cable sheath by CCVD (combustion chemical vapor deposition); and the molded resin which integrally covers the electric/electronic device and the cable together, the molded resin being made of a polyamide-based resin.

Abstract: A wiring harness is arranged at a predetermined location in a vehicle such as an automobile. The wiring harness comprises a plurality of electrical wires and a protection member in which to-be-protected portion of the electrical wires is inserted en bloc to be protected thereby. The protection member includes a plurality of main protection members serving as a principal part of the protection member for protecting the electrical wires and a plurality of secondary protection members serving as a secondary part with respect to the principal part, the main protection member being a corrugated tube and the secondary protection member being a standardized pipe.

Abstract: A flame-retardant composition that is not colored during compounding and molding, and a covered electric wire using the same. The flame-retardant composition contains at least a matrix polymer such as an olefin resin, a phenolic antioxidant having tert-butyl groups in positions 2 and 6 of a hydroxyl group, and a flame retardant that is a pulverized natural mineral containing magnesium hydroxide as the main ingredient, and the iron oxide concentration in the flame retardant is 1000 ppm or less. The covered electric wire uses the flame-retardant composition as a covering material.

Abstract: A modular power connector includes an insulation main body, at least one conducting element, at least one electricity-delivering element, and at least one engaging element. The conducting element is partially accommodated within the insulation main body, and includes a perforation. The electricity-delivering element has a bare part at an end thereof. The engaging element is fixed on the bare part of the electricity-delivering element, and includes an elastic extension part and a stopping part. The elastic extension part is subject to elastic deformation during the elastic extension part is penetrated through the perforation of the conducting element. The elastic extension part is restored to an original shape after the elastic extension part is penetrated through the perforation, so that the conducting element is clamped between the elastic extension part and the stopping part.

Abstract: A method of drilling a subterranean well bore using a tubular drill string, the method including the steps of injecting a drilling fluid into the well bore via the drill string and removing said drilling fluid from an annular space in the well bore around the drill string via a return line, wherein the method further includes oscillating the pressure of the fluid in the annular space in the well bore, and monitoring the rate of flow of fluid along the return line.

Abstract: Implementations of the present invention include impregnated drill bits having a plurality of relatively large abrasive cutting media, such as polycrystalline diamonds, embedded therein. According to some implementations of the present invention, the relatively large abrasive cutting media can be dispersed in an unorganized arrangement throughout at least a portion of the crown. Additionally, one or more implementations can include a second plurality of relatively small abrasive cutting media. Implementations of the present invention also include drilling systems including impregnated drill bits having a plurality of relatively large abrasive cutting media embedded therein, methods of using such impregnated drill bits, and methods of forming such impregnated drill bits.

Abstract: A bottom hole assembly to directionally drill a subterranean formation includes a drill bit, a stabilizer assembly located proximate to and behind the drill bit, a drilling assembly comprising a drive mechanism and a directional mechanism, and a flex housing integral with the drilling assembly.

Abstract: An electrically powered and controlled tractor system includes one or more electric gripper assemblies and one or more electric power train assemblies. Power and control signals for the gripper assemblies and power train assemblies can be delivered from a ground surface via a wireline. The gripper assembly employs a motor-activated lead screw and nut combination to expand passage-gripping elements, preferably by pushing the gripping elements radially outward from locations between opposing ends of the gripping elements. A failsafe mechanism can retract the gripping elements during a power interruption. The power train assembly employs a motor-activated lead screw and nut combination to expand and contract two or more telescoping members. The tractor system can include multiple tractor units that each includes one gripper assembly and one power train assembly. A tractor can include one power train assembly and two gripper assemblies.

Abstract: Provided is a drill head for deep-hole drilling in which a cutting blade tip is mounted to face a cutting chip discharge port opened at a head distal end surface and a hollow inside is made into a cutting chip discharge passage communicating with the cutting chip discharge port, wherein high cutting efficiency based on good cutting chip dischargeability can be achieved and the cutting blade itself is also easily processed in terms of form.

Abstract: A bottom-hole assembly (202), BHA, for drilling a borehole (204, 301) in an earth formation (208, 300), comprising a percussion drill bit (208), a percussion mechanism adapted to strike the drill bit (208), at least one sensor (226, 228, 230, 232, 234) for measuring a physical quantity and converting it into an electrical signal, and converting means (237) for converting the electrical signal into a digital signal, and a method for transmitting data from such a bottom-hole assembly (202) positioned in a borehole (204, 301), the bottom-hole assembly (202) and the method being characterized by encoding the digital signal by controlling the percussion mechanism and time periods between two impacts delivered by the percussion mechanism on the drill bit (208) during drilling, and transmitting the encoded digital signal by waves generated by the impacts delivered by the percussion mechanism on the drill bit (208). A system which comprises said bottom-hole assembly (202).

Abstract: In an embodiment, a polycrystalline diamond compact (“PDC”) comprises a cemented carbide substrate including a first cemented carbide portion exhibiting a first concentration of chromium carbide and a second cemented carbide portion bonded to the first cemented carbide portion and exhibiting a second concentration of chromium carbide that is greater than the first concentration. The PDC further comprises a polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) table bonded to the first cemented carbide portion. The PCD table includes a plurality of bonded diamond grains exhibiting diamond-to-diamond bonding therebetween, with the plurality of bonded diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions. The PCD table includes chromium present in a concentration less than about 0.25 weight %.

Abstract: A cutting structure for a drill bit includes a diamond table affixed to one end of a first substrate. A second substrate is affixed to the other end of the first substrate. The second substrate is made from a different material than the first substrate. The first and second substrates are substantially coaxial.

Abstract: A body support structure, such as a piece of furniture, in particular a piece of furniture for sitting on or a piece of furniture for lying on, such as, for example, chair, armchair, stool, bed or sofa, a seat of the piece of furniture being supported by a spring mechanism, and the spring mechanism being capable of being set to a weight force with which a person acts on the seat.

Abstract: A pivot assembly (24) is movably connected to a balance beam (22) between a first and second balancing area (34, 36). The pivot assembly (24) defines a pivot axis (B) being movable relative to a center axis (A0) to define a first variable pivot distance (Pd1) and a second variable pivot distance (Pd2) for proportioning a first and second component according to the concurrently and inversely variable first and second pivot distances (Pd1, Pd2). The balance beam (22) presents a proportioning scale (60) which includes a plurality of identical ratios (62) in scale of the first variable pivot distance (Pd1) to the second variable pivot distance (Pd2) for aligning the pivot assembly (24) with a desired ratio of the first and second components. A first and second pair of retainer walls (38, 40) extend upwardly from the respective balancing areas (34, 36) and diverge from one another for abutting and centering a variety of container sizes on the respective balancing areas (34, 36).

Abstract: A touch-control apparatus includes a touch-control unit, a sensing unit and an auxiliary voltage supplying unit. The touch-control unit has a touch-control substrate and at least one touch-control electrode layer, which is disposed on a surface of the touch-control substrate. The sensing unit is connected with the touch-control electrode layer of the touch-control unit and outputs a charging signal according to a power signal. The auxiliary voltage supplying unit outputs an auxiliary charging signal to a sensing conductive bar of the touch-control electrode layer, so that the sensing efficiency of the touch-control apparatus can be improved due to the auxiliary charging signal.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transmission mountable to a frame of a vehicle for driving a left side or right side drive wheel. A motor portion of the transmission can extend outwardly from the frame and a pump portion can extend upwardly from the frame. The motor portion can be configured to be at least partially received within a wheel for direct mounting of the wheel to an output shaft of the motor. The pump portion can include an input shaft extending from a lower side thereof for connection to a prime mover, such as an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In a frictional drive device comprising a pair of drive disks (48) rotatably supported by a frame (10) around a central axial line (AL, AR) in a mutually opposing relationship, a pair of motors (64) supported by the frame for individually rotatively actuating the drive disks, a plurality of drive rollers (56) arranged along an outer periphery of each drive disk at a regular interval and each having a rotational center line so as to be rotatable along a plane which is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the central axial line, and an annular main wheel (84) disposed approximately coaxially with respect to the central axial line and engaged by the drive rollers of the drive disks, the main wheel comprising an annular member (86) and a plurality of driven rollers (92) supported along the annular member so as to be rotatable around a tangential line of the annular member, the main wheel engaging an object to the actuated, the central axial line of at least one of the drive disks is tilted in an outward directio

Abstract: An inverted pendulum type moving body comprising: a base body; a moving behavior unit movable in all directions on a floor surface; an actuator driving the moving behavior unit; and a control unit controlling the actuator so that at least a tilt angle of the base body equals a predetermined target angle, the control unit also controlling the actuator so that the moving behavior unit moves along a predetermined trajectory.

Abstract: A frictional drive device comprises a pair of drive disks (48) each rotatably supported by a frame (2, 42) around a central axial line (A) in a mutually opposing relationship, and a pair of actuators (64) supported by the frame for individually rotatively actuating the drive disks and coaxially disposed with respect to the corresponding drive disks, a plurality of drive rollers (56) arranged along an outer periphery of each drive disk and each having a rotational center line so as to be rotatable along a plane which is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the central axial line, and an annular main wheel (85) disposed approximately coaxially with respect to the central axial line and engaged by the drive rollers of the drive disks, the main wheel comprising an annular member (86) and a plurality of driven rollers (92) supported along the annular member so as to be rotatable around a tangential line of the annular member.

Abstract: In an inverted pendulum type vehicle having a lower frame (22) and an upper frame (21) detachably joined to an upper end of the lower frame, the lower and upper frames each defining a hollow interior, a drive unit (3) is incorporated in the lower frame, and a battery unit (10) is received in the upper frame and configured to supply electric power to the drive unit via an electric unit (11) received in a narrow section intermediate between the upper and lower frames. Thereby, the vehicle may be of a compact and small foot print design. In particular, when this structure is applied to a vehicle using a main wheel having a relatively small width, by matching the upper part of the vehicle to have a corresponding small width, the overall profile of the vehicle may have a highly small width. Furthermore, the total weight of the vehicle can be relatively evenly distributed between the upper and lower parts for easy handling and control.

Abstract: An inverted pendulum type vehicle provided with a body, a pair of wheels and that is attached to the pertinent body and that is arranged in parallel, drive mechanisms and that separately rotate the pertinent pair of wheels and around wheel axes, and a control member that controls the drive mechanisms and, wherein: the body is provided with a base to which the pair of wheels and is attached, a column disposed upright from the base, and a load-supporting part that is attached to the column and that sustains a payload; the column is joined to the base via a shaft that extends in a non-parallel direction relative to the wheel axes, and is provided so as to be capable of sliding around the shaft; and the shaft is provided with an actuator which imparts torque to the column that slides around the shaft with an orientation that is the reverse of the sliding direction of the column.

Abstract: An inverted pendulum type omnidirectional vehicle includes: a pair of wheels; a drive mechanism; a control apparatus; an auxiliary wheel; and a vehicle body. Each of the wheels includes: a rotation member capable of rotating about the wheel axis; a plurality of free rollers which are disposed all around an outer circumference of the rotation member, and each of which is brought into contact with a road surface at a lowest position of the rotation member and is rotatable about a rotation axis diagonal with respect to the wheel axis. The free rollers on both sides in contact with the road surface at ground contact portions each have the rotation axis extending in parallel with the road surface, and are arranged in an orientation in which a distance between the rotation axes of the free rollers is shorter toward a side of the auxiliary wheel.

Abstract: A vehicle including a symmetrical support frame having a width dimension and a length dimension, the width dimension and length dimension being substantially the same. At least three ground engaging wheels underlie and support the support frame. Each of the wheels are capable of 360 degree rotation. A driver station is mounted on the support frame for 360 degree rotation relative to the support frame. A steering control is provided with a steering linkage between the steering control, the driver station and the wheels, wherein rotational movement of the steering control by a selected number of degrees causes the driver station and each of the wheels to move a proportional number of degrees in the same rotational direction as the steering control with the driver station always facing a forward direction of the wheels.

Abstract: Cooling apparatus for a hybrid vehicle is provided in which a power unit (9), in which an engine (10) and a generator (11) are arranged in the vehicle width direction between side members (2, 3) and a drive motor (12) and a differential apparatus (13) are arranged behind the generator one above the other, with an inverter (14) arranged to lie above the generator and said drive motor; and a first radiator (26) for cooling the engine and a second radiator (33) for a cooling circuit for electric motor apparatus essentially consisting of the generator, drive motor, and inverter are arranged in the vehicle width direction at the front of the engine compartment.

Abstract: In a vehicle (1) including a frame (2) incorporated with a drive unit (3) for enabling the frame to travel in a prescribed direction and a seat assembly (4) supported by the frame and including a pair of saddle members (63) defining a pair of seat surfaces (70A), respectively, configured to jointly support buttocks of a vehicle occupant, the saddle members are resiliently supported by the frame in such a manner that the seat surface of each saddle member is in an approximately horizontal orientation but is progressively tilted inward with a downward movement of the saddle member under a load of a vehicle occupant.

Abstract: A straight motion assisting device for a work machine is adapted for receiving an input indicative of a steering angle from a position of a moveable member and adapted for applying a restoring force for affecting the work machine towards a straight motion when the steering angle input indicates that the work machine deviates from the straight motion. The device includes a hydraulic system adapted to be effected by the displacement of the moveable member and adapted to apply the restoring force.

Abstract: A first end region of a rotating shaft of a rotor of a brushless motor is inserted through a control apparatus housing space, and is supported by a first bearing that is held by a first bearing box that is disposed on a first surface side of a base portion of a first housing that configures the control apparatus housing space, and a second end is supported by a second bearing that is held by a second bearing box that is disposed in a motor frame that configures a motor housing space. A control apparatus is disposed inside the control apparatus housing space, and an end portion of the rotating shaft that projects out through the first bearing constitutes a coupling portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reducer of an electric power steering apparatus, which can prevent the steering feeling of a driver, and the performance from being reduced by minimizing an increase in the torque, caused by moisture absorption of a worm wheel, and a size change due to the moisture absorption, and also can eliminate the playing caused by wearing of a worm and the worm wheel, and inhibit the occurring of a rattle noise caused by a backlash and a reversely input load.

Abstract: A magnestostrictive torque sensor 10 detects rotating torque applied to a rod-shaped rotating shaft 11 to work around the rotating shaft based on a change in magnetic characteristics of a magnetostrictive film formed on a surface the rotating shaft so as to extend around a full circumference thereof in a circumferential direction. The magnetostrictive film 14 is formed continuously in an axial direction at a portion on the rotating shaft in the axial direction thereof. The magnetostrictive film 14 has on the continuously formed area a first magnetostrictive film portion 14A and a second magnetostrictive film portion 14B having magnetic anisotropies which are opposite to each other and a third magnetostrictive film portion 14C which is formed between the first and second magnetostrictive film portions.

Abstract: A noise attenuating method, and a system thereof, for controlling acoustical noise in an electronic equipment enclosure is disclosed. The noise attenuating system includes one or more noise attenuating inserts configured to be removably attached to the electronic equipment enclosure so as to block noise from at least one electronic device contained in the electronic equipment enclosure and to channel an airflow from an inlet point to one or more outlet points of the electronic equipment enclosure. The method includes arranging one or more noise attenuating inserts within an electronic equipment enclosure such that the noise attenuating inserts simultaneously block noise from at least one electronic device contained in the enclosure and channel an airflow path circulating therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a soundproof cover containing: a sound-absorbing material disposed facing to a sound source; a soft sound-insulating layer laminated on the sound-absorbing material and having an air permeability measured according to JIS L 1018 (1999) of 10 cc/cm2·sec or less; and a soft cover forming an air layer with the soft sound-insulating layer and having a Young's modulus measured according to JIS K 7127 (1999) of 0.2 to 1.5 GPa, in which the air layer is hermetically sealed.

Abstract: A suppressor for a firearm is provided, wherein the suppressor can be selectively oriented relative to the firearm. The suppressor has an elongate body, a piston assembly and a cam assembly. A piston of the piston assembly can be fixedly attached to the barrel of a firearm. An indexing ring is radially fixed relative to the piston. The cam lever is selectively movable between a second position, in which the indexing ring is fixed relative to the elongate body, and a first position, in which the indexing ring can rotate relative to the elongate body.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an insulation structure for thermally and acoustically insulating an aircraft that features at least one heavy layer, wherein the insulation structure according to the invention is characterized in that the insulation structure comprises an additional absorption layer, in that the heavy layer is perforated at least in certain areas, and in that the perforated area ratio of the heavy layer is adapted in such a way that the heavy layer is essentially transparent to sound for frequencies below a double-wall frequency of the insulation structure. This makes it possible to dampen sound with low frequencies below the double-wall frequency as effectively as possible.

Abstract: An insulating isolator for a heat shield has a unitary first land, a bead portion, a second land and a half bead. The first land defines a fastener aperture. In one case, a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart petals is formed in the isolator. The petals may be separated by gaps. In another case, a set of circumferentially spaced apart apertures are formed in the isolator. The heat shield may have at least two disk apertures. Two metallic disks are located in the area of at least one of the two disk apertures. The metallic disks are connected to each other, have aligned fastener openings that are smaller than the disk apertures and they are smaller than the metallic sheet. One of the metallic disks may have a bead.

Abstract: An extraction device comprises a sling comprising a preformed closed loop of adaptable size and a tightening element extending from the preformed loop, pulling of which reduces the loop size. A sliding connection connects the sling to a flexible line having two attachment elements disposed at opposite ends thereof. An extraction garment comprises a belt and a distal attachment point supported an outward distance from the belt for selective connection to the attachment element to facilitate hands-free pulling. The preformed loop can be easily disposed about a casualty and tightened with one hand, leaving the rescuer's other hand free. The sliding connection automatically adjusts the connection point between the sling and flexible line in response to pulling force(s) exerted on the end(s) of the flexible line. The distal attachment point of the extraction garment reduces tendency for the belt to twist under loading.

Abstract: A ladder safety that prevents sideways tipping accidents having a pair of struts extending outwardly and downward from the lower rails of the ladder with the struts making contact with a base surface or the ground. The struts can be clamped or pinned to the ladder, or they can be attached to a horizontal bar or other member that passes through one of the hollow rungs of the ladder. These struts can be telescoping with pins or other devices to allow adjustment. The struts can be fixed or removable, and can rotate and pivot to any angle. Each of the struts can further include a shoe that contacts the base surface or ground to provide extra stability. The shoe can be angled so that it is flat on the ground at the desired angle. A second pair of similar struts near the top of the ladder can act as roof braces, while at least one extender leg can extend one ladder leg to be longer than the other.

Abstract: The invention concerns a scaffold element adapted to be removably attachable to a bridge, the scaffold element comprising support member for supporting the scaffold element onto an upper surface of the bridge and a support structure which is secured to the support members and which extends to a distance outside the edge of the bridge and to a distance below the bridge. The invention is characterized in that the scaffold element further comprises a longitudinally adjustable support bar pivotally connected to the support structure and being supportable against a lower surface of the bridge and adjustment means for adjustably attaching a vertical mould wall onto the support structure of the scaffold element at a distance outside the edge of the bridge for forming a mould between the wall and the bridge. Also a scaffold arrangement and method of use are disclosed.

Abstract: A personal, lightweight, high altitude rappel escape safety device is worn by an individual as a backpack and provides a safe means of lowering the individual from an elevated structure. The device comprises a structural body containing a mechanical device for slowly releasing a high strength cable. One end of the cable is secured to the structure prior to the user descending from the structure. The cable is released from a spool located inside the body and makes a circuitous path though a frictional structure. The structure contains baffles through which the cable extends. The friction caused by the pattern of release of the cable generates sufficient drag to safely lower a person from any altitude in a structure to the ground. The rate of descent may be adjusted via a braking mechanism.