Abstract: A driving method of a liquid discharge head including discharge ports, flow paths communicated with the discharge ports, a first actuator provided on the flow paths, a second actuator provided at a position further from the discharge port than the first actuator of the flow paths, and a common liquid chamber communicated with the flow paths, includes: contracting the flow path and expanding the flow path by the first actuator to discharge liquid from the discharge port; starting contraction of the flow path the second actuator when or before flow of liquid from the common liquid chamber to the discharge port in the vicinity of the second actuator, disappears to allow a meniscus of liquid, located at an inner position of the flow path, to project from the discharge port; and starting expansion of the flow path by the second actuator while the meniscus projects from the discharge port.

Abstract: An ink-jet printer includes an ink jet head which jets liquid droplets of an ink onto a recording medium; a scanning mechanism which reciprocates the ink-jet head in a forward scan direction and a backward scan direction; a transport mechanism which transports the recording medium in a transport direction intersecting with the forward and backward scan directions; and a jetting controller which controls the ink-jet head. The jetting controller has a reference jetting amount setting section which sets a reference jetting amount based on an input image data for each of a plurality of scans of the ink-jet head, and a jetting amount adjusting section which makes a jetting amount be smaller than the reference jetting amount with respect to an overlapping area at which liquid droplet jetting areas of the forward scan and the backward scan partially overlap each other.

Abstract: An ink jet printhead module adapted for use in a printing apparatus, the ink jet printhead module being capable of receiving address signals and chip selection signals from a printhead drive unit of the printing apparatus. The printhead module includes chip control circuits, each being capable of receiving the address signals and receiving a corresponding one of the chip selection signals. Each chip control circuit includes switching circuits and an ink jetting circuit set. Each switching circuit is capable of receiving a corresponding one of the address signals and the corresponding one of chip selection signals and outputting a switching signal. An ink jetting circuit set includes ink jetting circuits, each being capable of receiving the switching signal from the corresponding switching circuit electrically coupled to the ink jetting circuit and determining whether or not to jet out ink based on the received switching signal.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharge head and a circuit board. The liquid jetting head includes a channel unit in which a plurality of nozzles and a plurality of liquid channels communicating with the nozzles respectively are formed, a plurality of drive portions which drive a plurality of deforming portions to deform so as to apply a jetting pressure to a liquid in the liquid channels, a plurality of lead portions arranged to cover the electrodes while maintaining a space between the electrodes and the lead portions, and a plurality of input terminals which are electrically connected to the electrodes via the lead portions. A plurality of connecting terminals which are electrically connected to the input terminals respectively are formed on the circuit board.

Abstract: A liquid discharge device is provided with a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board is formed with a connection area where a plurality of connection terminals to be connected with a plurality of input terminals of a discharge head, and a pair of extending portions oppositely extending from the connection area, the pair of extending portions being bent with respect to the connection area to form a C-like cross section so that end portions of the pair of extending portions face each other. A plurality of positioning members configured to position the end portions of the pair of extending portions so that the end portions of the extending portions face each other, the plurality of positioning members being configured to be movable along the surface of the liquid discharge head with maintaining a positional relationship among the plurality of positioning members.

Abstract: A controller for a printhead is provided. The printhead has rows of printing nozzles with each nozzle row formed by adjacent sub-rows of printing nozzles of adjacently disposed printhead modules. Each nozzle row us arranged such that the join of the respective adjacent sub-rows is arbitrarily located relative to the other nozzle rows thereby forming an arbitrarily shaped join region. The controller being configured to determine the arbitrary shape of the join region and to supply dot data to the printhead which compensates for the determined arbitrary shape.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus, including: a feeding mechanism which feeds a recording medium; a first ejection head including a first ejection opening for ejecting first liquid and a first energy generating portion which generates an energy for ejecting the first liquid; an image-data storage section storing image data for ejecting the first liquid onto dot areas on the recording medium; an image-recording controlling section which controls the first energy generating portion based on the image data; a flushing-data producing section which produces flushing data for flushing; and a flushing controlling section which controls the first energy generating portion such that a flushing dot is formed on the recording medium, wherein the flushing-data producing section produces the flushing data such that the flushing dot is landed on one of the dot areas which is distant, by a specific area, from an edge dot area corresponding to an edge of the image.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for a handheld image translation device are described herein. The handheld image translation device may include an image capture module to capture surface images of a medium and a positioning module to determine positioning information based at least in part on navigational measurements and/or the captured surface images. A print module of the handheld image translation device may cause print forming substances to be deposited based at least in part on the positioning information. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: A print density adjusting device of print image information includes a print image information acquirer configured to acquire the print image information. A forming information acquirer is configured to acquire forming information of a medium on which an inkjet printer prints and which is to be bent. A vertex detector is configured to detect a vertex of a bent part which is to be bent based on the forming information. A bending angle detector is configured to detect a bending angle of the bent part based on the forming information. A print density adjuster is configured to adjust a print density of the print image information acquired by the print image information acquirer based on the vertex detected by the vertex detector and based on the bending angle detected by the bending angle detector.

Abstract: A method for determining a speed compensation factor includes the steps of transporting a media moving at first speed; printing a first image on the media using at least one printhead while moving at the first speed; capturing the first image in a first frame of an image capture device; transporting the media moving at a second speed different from the first speed; printing a second image on the media using the at least one printhead while moving at the second speed; capturing the second image in a second frame of the image capture device; determining using a change of position of the first image relative to the second image using automated image analysis; and inputting the determined change of position into a processor for computing the speed compensation factor from the determined change of position and a known difference in speed between the first and second speeds.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a distance that a target moves is calculated utilizing an optical sensor. A first temperature of a first portion of the optical sensor is measured at the time of the distance calculation. A second temperature of a second portion of the optical sensor is measured at the time of the distance calculation. The distance is adjusted by a compensation factor that is a function of the first and second temperatures.

Abstract: A conveyance device includes a linear encoder that outputs an encoder signal corresponding to displacement of a conveyed object. The encoder includes an encoder fence provided on an intersecting plane that intersects a reference plane orthogonal to a direction in which a guide element supports the conveyed object. The encoder fence is configured such that a plurality of light-transmitting portions and light-shielding portions are arranged alternately on a side of the encoder fence. The light-transmitting portions and the light-shielding portions are formed so that a first point on each boundary between each of the light-transmitting portions and each of the light-shielding portions adjacent to each other and a second point on the each boundary, which is positioned separately from the first point with respect to a direction along the side of the encoder fence and perpendicular to the conveying direction, are separately positioned with respect to the conveying direction.

Abstract: A printing apparatus including: a head that ejects an electromagnetic wave curable ink on a medium; an irradiation section that irradiates electromagnetic waves on the electromagnetic wave curable ink which is ejected onto the medium by the head, so that it provisionally cures the electromagnetic wave curable ink; and a controller that controls the irradiation section so as to cause the irradiation section to perform an irradiating operation that irradiates electromagnetic waves to the electromagnetic wave curable ink on the medium.

Abstract: A printer includes an upper unit which opens and closes about a fulcrum lying at a rear position of a lower unit, and a paper path which is opened by opening the upper unit. A sensor unit is attached to the lower unit and includes a lower sensor holder and an upper sensor holder which are disposed in opposition to each other via the paper path. The paper path can be opened by pivoting the upper sensor holder relative to the lower sensor holder. When the upper unit is closed, the upper sensor holder is also closed in accordance with a closing pivoting motion of the upper unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are a roll-to-roll printing system and method in which a large number of micro-nozzles are formed directly in a printing roll, and thus ink supplied to the central portion of the roll can be formed into micro-inkjets by inducing an electrostatic field, and furthermore, as a result of the formation of the micro-inkjets, a micro-sized pattern significantly smaller than that achievable by a prior pattern formation method can be printed on a print medium, and in addition, the relative speed of the print medium relative to the roll can be maintained at a speed close to “0” so as to improve the resolution, integration density and precision of the printed pattern. According to the present invention, a large amount of micro-nozzles are formed directly in a printing roll, and thus ink supplied to the central portion of the roll can be formed into micro-inkjets by inducing an electrostatic field.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a multi-printhead printing system, the method includes the steps of employing an encoder to track movement of a media through the printing system; providing a first printhead that prints a first image plane that includes a first test mark at a first defined location on the media as the media moves relative to the first printhead; providing a second printhead that prints a second image plane that includes a second test mark at a second defined location on the media as the media moves relative to the second printhead; employing a first image capture device that captures an image that includes both the first and second test marks; determining an error factor based on the placement of the second mark relative to the first mark in the captured image; and creating a frequency-shifted pulse train of the encoder in which the frequency shift is based on the error factor; wherein the first printhead prints the first image plane in response to output of the encoder and the second printhead print

Abstract: A method for calibrating a multi-color inkjet printing system includes using a 3×2 test target array. The test target includes printing a first color three times in which two of the three colors are aligned along a first axis and the third is offset from the first axis and at a midway point between the other two test marks along the other axis. A second test color is aligned with at least one of the first colors along both axes.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus includes: a recording head having a plurality of recording elements; a conveying device which conveys at least one of the recording head and a recording medium to cause relative movement between the recording head and the recording medium; a density information acquisition device which acquires output density data indicating a recording density of each of the plurality of recording elements; a characteristic computation device which obtains recording information of each of the plurality of recording elements from the output density data acquired by the density information acquisition device; a characteristic storage device which stores characteristic information in an appropriate state of the plurality of recording elements that is set in advance; a comparison device which compares, for each recording element that is able to perform recording on the recording medium, the recording information with the characteristic information stored in the characteristic storage device; a densit

Abstract: An inkjet printhead has been developed that includes an ink reservoir vent, which prevents ink from exiting the ink reservoir through the vent. The inkjet printhead includes a reservoir, an ink inlet, a vent opening, and a vent member. The reservoir contains a supply of ink and an air space above the supply of ink. The vent member extends from the vent opening and includes a first vent member opening positioned in an air space outside of the reservoir, a second vent member opening positioned in the air space above the supply of ink, and a vent channel configured to couple fluidly the first vent member opening to the second vent member opening. The second vent member opening is positioned within the reservoir to enable the second vent member opening to remain within the air space above the supply of ink regardless of a printhead orientation.

Abstract: An inkjet printer includes an ejector, a waveguide, an electromagnetic wave supplier, a rotating reflector, and a ventilator. The ejector ejects ink onto a medium. Through the waveguide, the medium onto which the ink was ejected passes. The waveguide has a starting end part and a terminal end part. The electromagnetic wave supplier is provided at the starting end part of the waveguide to supply an electromagnetic wave to the waveguide. The rotating reflector is provided at the terminal end part of the waveguide and rotatable to reflect the electromagnetic wave supplied by the electromagnetic wave supplier. The ventilator ventilates an inside of the waveguide.

Abstract: An inkjet recording ink which contains: a carbon black; a dispersant; resin emulsion; and water, in which the resin emulsion contains a resin which is at least one of a urethane resin and a styrene-acryl resin, and the ink satisfies the following relationship: 20?B?A?50, where A(nm) represents a particle diameter D90 of particles contained in dispersion containing the carbon black, the dispersant, and water, which is before added with the resin emulsion, and B(nm) represents a particle diameter D90 of particles contained in the ink.

Abstract: The present invention provides a maintenance liquid for inkjet recording including at least water, an organic solvent, a basic compound and an acidic compound, and having pH of from 6.0 to 8.5.

Abstract: An aqueous pigment dispersion including: (A) a pigment; (B) a dispersion polymer having a neutralization degree of from 50% to 90% and a solubility of from 0.2 g to 0.8 g per 5 ml of water (25° C.), and containing an acidic group and a hydrophobic structural unit (a) having an aromatic ring linked via a linking group to an atom included in a main chain, a content ratio of the aromatic ring being from 10% by mass to less than 20% by mass based on a total mass of the polymer; and (C) a water-based liquid medium.

Abstract: An image forming method includes ejecting an ink composition including a volatile organic solvent with a solubility parameter of 20 MPa1/2 to 25 MPa1/2, acid-functionalized polymer colloid particles with a glass transition temperature of 25° C. to 85° C., and a pigment with a surface at least a part of which is coated with a polymer, onto a non-porous substrate by an ink jet method to form an image, and the absolute value of the difference between the solubility parameter of the non-porous substrate and the solubility parameter of the volatile organic solvent of the ink composition falls within 15 MPa1/2.

Abstract: A wiping apparatus having a gas injection aperture that injects gas, and a guide section that has a convexly curved surface and has an apex and over which gas injected from the gas injection aperture is blown, and, in this wiping apparatus, foreign substance adhering to a nozzle plate of an ink-jet head placed above the guide section is blown away by gas guided along the curved surface of the guide section.

Abstract: The liquid ejection head cleaning apparatus includes: a cleaning liquid deposition device which spouts cleaning liquid from a plurality of cleaning liquid nozzles and deposits the cleaning liquid onto an ejection surface of a liquid ejection head; a cleaning liquid supply device which supplies the cleaning liquid to the cleaning liquid nozzles by using a liquid head differential with respect to the cleaning liquid deposition device; a temperature measurement device which measures an ambient temperature around the cleaning liquid supply device; and a pressure control device which controls a pressure of the cleaning liquid supplied to the cleaning liquid deposition device from the cleaning liquid supply device in accordance with the ambient temperature measured by the temperature measurement device.

Abstract: The method of forming an organic film includes: a pre-processing step including a plasma treatment step of carrying out plasma treatment to a surface of a base member, and an exposure processing step of exposing the surface of the base member that has undergone the plasma treatment, in an atmosphere containing at least water; an organic film formation step of thereafter forming an organic film on the surface of the base member using a silane coupling agent; and a post-processing step including a water vapor introduction step of holding the base member on which the organic film has been formed in an atmosphere containing at least water vapor, and a dehydration processing step of holding the base member in an atmosphere having a smaller presence of water vapor than the atmosphere in the water vapor introduction step.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a printing medium support unit supporting a printing medium supplied to a print execution area and guiding the transported printing medium. The printing medium support unit includes a support portion supporting the printing medium and defining a predetermined gap between a print head and the support portion. A suction hole disposed in a width direction of the printing medium adsorbs and supports the printing medium on the support portion by applying a suction force to the printing medium. A first recess portion with an ink discharge port is disposed at a position corresponding to a position at an edge of the printing medium of a size which is supposed to be used and receives ink possibly discarded upon executing marginless printing. A first communication passage applies some of the suction force to the first recess portion in a passage independent from the ink discharge port.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a liquid ejecting head with one nozzle group for ejecting one type liquid and another nozzle group for ejecting two types of liquid, thereby ejecting multiple types of liquid from the nozzle groups. A cap forms a sealing space that is suctioned by a suction pump. Flow-passages supply the liquid from a liquid container toward the liquid ejecting head. Flow-passage pumps in the downstream side of the liquid container in the flow-passages suction the liquid from the liquid container and discharge the liquid toward the downstream side. A choke valve has a valve chamber at the downstream side of the flow-passage pump to allow the liquid to flow therein. A flexible member changes a volume of the valve chamber by flexing. A discharge hole in an inner portion of the valve chamber is opened or closed by the flexing of the flexible member.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus wherein a first rack gear is not meshed with a second pinion gear when the second pinion gear faces a first moving end of a slide cam or when the second pinion gear faces a second moving end of the cam, and is meshed with the second pinion gear when a portion of the cam which faces the second pinion gear is displaced between the first and second moving ends, wherein a second rack gear is meshed with a third pinion gear over an area of the cam between the first and second moving ends, wherein teeth of a tooth chipped gear are partly chipped such that the second pinion gear faces the area of the cam, and wherein the second pinion gear is rotated relative to the third pinion gear due to play at least until the tooth chipped gear is meshed with a drive gear.

Abstract: A liquid droplet ejection apparatus performs a drawing operation on a workpiece set on a set table by driving the ejection of a functional liquid droplet ejection head in a head unit while moving the head unit in a main scanning direction relative to the set table facing a drawing area by an X-axis table. The liquid droplet ejection apparatus includes a periodic flushing unit which is disposed on a main scan moving axis at a position offset from the drawing area towards the main scanning direction and which receives forcible ejection from the functional liquid droplet ejection head during non-drawing time and a pre-drawing flushing unit which is disposed adjacent to the set table and faces the drawing area and which receives forcible ejection from the functional liquid droplet ejection head performed immediately before starting the drawing operation.

Abstract: A waste ink collecting device includes a ratchet wheel defining a receiving groove for receiving waste ink, a detent, a reciprocatingly movable transmission pole, and immovable first and second poles. The detent includes a hook, and a main body defining elongated first, second and third holes. The second hole is between the first and third holes. The hook extends from the main body away from the first hole. The transmission pole extends into the first hole. The first pole extends into the second hole. A diameter of the first pole equals to a width of the second hole. The second pole extends into the third hole. A diameter of the second pole is smaller than a width of the third hole. When the transmission pole moves forward, the hook engages with and rotates the ratchet wheel. When the transmission pole moves backward, the hook moves away from the ratchet wheel.

Abstract: A recording apparatus may include a recording head including a discharge surface in which liquid discharge openings are arranged in a particular direction. The recording apparatus may include a supplying member which is positioned at a first end portion in the particular direction, and supplies the liquid to the recording head. The recording apparatus may include a liquid supplying device which is connected to the supplying member, and supplies the liquid to the recording head. The recording apparatus may include a position adjusting device including a contact member which contacts the recording head, and adjusts a position of the recording head by moving the contact member. The position adjusting device may be positioned at a second end portion opposite to the first end portion in the particular direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus in which air or dust does not enter a recording liquid tube when an ink cartridge is changed is disclosed. An engine unit, in which an image forming section and a sub scanning direction paper carrying section are integrated as one unit, is removably attached to an apparatus main body of the image forming apparatus. Further, an ink cartridge storing section, in which an ink cartridge is removably stored, is integrated into the engine unit, and is changed together with the engine unit. In addition, a carriage, the recording liquid tube, and the ink cartridge storing section are removed as one unit from the engine unit.

Abstract: An ink manifold constructed with a number of semiconductor tiles which are fastened end to end on a rigid base member to form a page wide print mechanism. Each tile is constructed with ink channels on one side in liquid communication with ink outlet ports on the opposite side. The ink channels carry ink from ports in the base member to the outlet ports of the tiles. The interface between each tile defines a boundary. An inkjet printhead is fastened over each boundary of the tiled manifold so that the ink inlet ports of the printhead are aligned with the ink outlet ports of the underlying tiles. No ink passes across the boundary of the adjacent manifold tiles. The fabrication of the individual tiles from a semiconductor wafer facilitates usage of the wafer when fabricating page wide print mechanisms.

Abstract: The method forms a liquid-repellent film on a surface of a nozzle plate having nozzle apertures through which droplets of liquid are ejected. The method includes: a termination process step of carrying out a hydrogen termination process or a halogen termination process on a surface of a nozzle plate, at least a portion of the surface of the nozzle plate being made of a material containing silicon; and a liquid-repellent film formation step of forming a liquid-repellent film on the surface of the nozzle plate after the termination process step by bringing a liquid-repellent film raw material into contact with the surface of the nozzle plate while applying energy to the surface. Each molecule constituting the liquid-repellent film raw material has an unsaturated carbon bond at an end and has a liquid-repellent functional group. The liquid-repellent film is bonded to the surface of the nozzle plate through silicon-carbon bonds.

Abstract: The method of forming an organic film, includes: a pre-processing step including a plasma treatment step of carrying out plasma treatment to a surface of a base member, and an exposure processing step of exposing the surface of the base member that has undergone the plasma treatment, in an atmosphere containing at least water; and an organic film formation step of thereafter forming an organic film on the surface of the base member using a silane coupling agent.

Abstract: The method of forming an organic film, includes: an organic film formation step of forming an organic film on a surface of a base member using a silane coupling agent; and a post-processing step including a water vapor introduction step of holding the base member on which the organic film has been formed in an atmosphere containing at least water vapor, and a dehydration processing step of holding the base member in an atmosphere having a smaller presence of water vapor than the atmosphere in the water vapor introduction step.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes nozzles that eject liquid, pressurizing chambers communicating with respective nozzles, and liquid supply channels that supply the liquid to the pressurizing chambers. The liquid ejecting head ejects the liquid when a pressure generating unit changes the pressure within the pressurizing chambers. A cylindrical nozzle straight portion, in which the opening cross-sectional area is narrower than at other areas of the nozzle, is formed toward the pressurizing chamber from the nozzle opening in each nozzle. The opening cross-sectional area of the nozzle straight portion is Sn; the length thereof is Ln; the channel cross-sectional area of the liquid supply channel is Ss; the length from a common liquid chamber-side connection opening in the liquid supply channel to a pressurizing chamber-side connection opening is Ls. The ratio (Ln/Sn) is less than or equal to ½ of the ratio (Ls/Ss).

Abstract: To provide an inkjet head which includes high-density nozzle rows and which does not easily cause an ejection failure due to adhesion of ink mist around ejection orifices when a high-density image of a secondary color is printed with a small number of paths. An inkjet head includes at least two or more types of nozzle rows that eject different amounts of ink. When A is the cross section, with respect to an ink supplying direction, of an ink supply path from each ejection orifice to a supply port and L is the length of the ink supply path, the value of A/L differs between the two or more types of nozzle rows. The nozzle row of which the value of A/L is small is disposed outside an area between the nozzle rows that eject a largest amount of ink and that are arranged next to each other.

Abstract: A droplet ejecting apparatus, including: a head having a cavity unit with pressure chambers and a piezoelectric actuator; and a voltage application device, the actuator including: first and second active portions; a first potential electrode; a second potential electrode including a second trunk portion; and individual electrodes each having a connection portion, wherein the connection portion is disposed to overlap the second trunk portion as seen in a superposition direction of the cavity unit and the actuator, wherein the individual electrodes are arranged in rows to correspond to rows of the pressure chambers, and all connecting portions belonging to any one row are disposed on the same side in a direction of arrangement of the rows, and wherein the connecting portions of the individual electrodes that belong to one and the other of any adjacent two rows are disposed on mutually opposite sides with respect to the corresponding pressure chambers.

Abstract: A liquid droplet discharge apparatus includes a liquid droplet discharge head having a plurality of nozzles which discharge liquid droplets and a pressure applying mechanism which selectively applies a pressure to discharge the liquid droplets from the nozzles; a first wiring board which is flexible and which is connected to the pressure applying mechanism; and a second wiring board which is connected to the first wiring board; and the first wiring board has a pair of extending portions which extend on mutually opposite sides from a connecting portion to be connected to the pressure applying mechanism, the pair of extending portions are bent so that forward end portions thereof face each other, and the second wiring board is connected to the pair of extending portions so that the second wiring board overlaps the mutually facing forward end portions of the pair of extending portions.

Abstract: Drop-on-demand inkjet printing device (10) comprising a through-flow print head (20) having nozzles (22) and a fluid circulation system comprising a main reservoir (30), a supply buffer tank (38), a return manifold (64), wherein the main reservoir (30) is connected to the supply buffer tank (38) wherein the supply buffer tank (38) is in fluid communication with the nozzles (22) print head (20) the nozzles (22) being in fluid communication with the return manifold (38) wherein the return manifold (64) is connected to the main reservoir (30) and both are arranged in height with respect to the nozzles (22), wherein the supply buffer tank (38) is provided with a lockable conduit (56) connecting the supply buffer tank (38) to the main reservoir (30).

Abstract: A method of driving a piezoelectric actuator including: a piezoelectric element containing a piezoelectric body having coercive field points on a negative field side and a positive field side respectively and having asymmetrical bipolar polarization—electric field hysteresis characteristics in which an absolute value of a coercive electric field on the negative field side and a coercive electric field value on the positive field side are mutually different, and a pair of electrodes for applying voltage to the piezoelectric body; and a diaphragm which externally transmits, as displacement, distortion produced in the piezoelectric body when the voltage is applied to the piezoelectric body, includes the step of driving the piezoelectric actuator between a positive drive voltage and a negative drive voltage in a range not exceeding the coercive electric field, from among the positive and negative coercive electric fields, which has the larger absolute value.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a first conductive layer, a piezoelectric layer, and a second conductive layer. The piezoelectric layer is composed of a compound oxide containing at least lead, zirconium, titanium, and oxygen, and the compound oxide has a perovskite crystal structure. The piezoelectric layer has a thermally stimulated current having at least two peaks including a low temperature-side peak and a high temperature-side peak, and the magnitude of the low temperature-side peak is 1/30 or less of that of the high temperature-side peak.

Abstract: A droplet-ejecting head including a substrate including a pressure chamber communicating with a nozzle hole and also a piezoelectric element that includes a lower electrode, a piezoelectric layer which is formed above the lower electrode, and an upper electrode formed above the piezoelectric element and that causes a change in pressure in a liquid contained in the pressure chamber. The piezoelectric layer includes a first piezoelectric sub-layer located on the lower electrode and a second piezoelectric sub-layer located between the first piezoelectric sub-layer and the upper electrode. The first piezoelectric sub-layer has a polarization axis predominantly directed in an in-plane direction of the first piezoelectric sub-layer. The second piezoelectric sub-layer is predominantly (100)-oriented in the pseudocubic coordinate system.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head may include a flow channel unit having a plurality of pressure chambers. The head may be manufactured by manufacturing an actuator unit having a piezoelectric layer which covers the pressure chambers. The actuator unit may be manufactured by forming a first electrode and a second electrode thicker than the first electrode on the actuator unit, and forming a conductive layer laminated on the first electrode. The conductive layer may deform, and the sum of the thicknesses of the conductive layer and the first electrode may be larger than the thickness of the second electrode prior to the fixing step. The head may be manufactured by positioning the actuator unit on a cavity plate, and fixing the actuator unit to the cavity plate by heating and pressurizing. The conductive layer may be deformed by the pressurizing force more than the first and the second electrode.

Abstract: A liquid droplet ejecting apparatus including: plural liquid droplet ejecting portions; supply-side individual flow paths; discharge-side individual flow paths; a supply-side common flow path; a discharge-side common flow path; first opening/closing mechanisms; second opening/closing mechanisms; a first pressure applying portion; a second pressure applying portion; a first circulating path; a third opening/closing mechanism; a second circulating path including an upstream end portion being connected to the supply-side common flow path further downstream than a connecting portion of a supply-side individual flow path connected to the supply-side common flow path at a furthest upstream side in a liquid circulating direction and a downstream end portion being connected to the discharge-side common flow path, and circulating the liquid between the supply-side common flow path and the discharge-side common flow path; and a fourth opening/closing mechanism, is provided.

Abstract: A discharge liquid agitating mechanism, and an inkjet recording apparatus having the discharge liquid agitating mechanism, are provided which are simple in construction, and are yet capable of preventing sedimentation of particles and the like contained in a discharge liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing ink droplets generated by bursting bubbles within an ink developer includes a surface directing an ink flow into a channel; and a protrusion within the channel that reduces ink droplets generated by bursting bubbles entrained within the ink flow. An ink developer includes an ink source supplying ink to the ink developer; an electrode which develops a portion of the ink onto a developer roller; and a splash guard which directs an undeveloped ink flow into a channel which has a reduced cross-section area configured to reduce bubbles exiting the channel and bursting.