Abstract: An original stream file and an after-recording data file are managed as different files. In the original stream file, data is made up of sets of partial data (CU) divided in accordance with a predetermined interval. Likewise, in the after-recording data file, data is made up of sets of partial data (CA) divided in accordance with a predetermined interval. These sets of data are recorded onto a disc such that the after-recorded data (CA) is recorded in a region adjacent to a relevant original stream (CU). This allows reproduction and real-time after-recording with the use of a general MPEG-2 PS/TS decoder. Moreover, this allows realization of data recording that causes less interruption of reproduction when non-destructive editing is carried out with respect to an after-recorded result.

Abstract: A media player according to an embodiment includes: a data retriever configured to retrieve, from data recorded on a medium from which a content is run, data including an address that indicates a recording position on the medium of the content provided by the medium; and an ID determination unit configured to determine an ID for identifying the provided content in accordance with the retrieved data in order to acquire, from an external device that stores information related to the content, the information associated with the ID and related to the provided content, by communicating the ID to the external device.

Abstract: In one method embodiment, receiving a video stream comprising a first compressed picture without associated time stamp information and a second compressed picture having associated first time stamp information, the second compressed picture following the first compressed picture in transmission order; deriving second time stamp information based on the first time stamp information; and processing the first compressed picture based on the second time stamp information.

Abstract: An original stream file and an after-recording data file are managed as different files. In the original stream file, data is made up of sets of partial data (CU) divided in accordance with a predetermined interval. Likewise, in the after-recording data file, data is made up of sets of partial data (CA) divided in accordance with a predetermined interval. These sets of data are recorded onto a disc such that the after-recorded data (CA) is recorded in a region adjacent to a relevant original stream (CU). This allows reproduction and real-time after-recording with the use of a general MPEG-2 PS/TS decoder. Moreover, this allows realization of data recording that causes less interruption of reproduction when non-destructive editing is carried out with respect to an after-recorded result.

Abstract: An image stabilizer includes a stationary member defining a first receiving space and a first central axis, a moveable member received in the first receiving space and spaced from the stationary member, a driving assembly including a first magnetic member fixed to the stationary member and a second magnetic member fixed to the moveable member, a resilient assembly interconnecting the stationary member and the moveable member, and a gyro. The moveable member defines a second central axis coinciding with the first central axis. The first magnetic member faces the second magnetic member. The driving assembly drives the moveable member to rotate about a first axis and a second axis relative to the stationary member through magnetic interaction between the first magnetic member and the second magnetic member. The second axis is perpendicular to the first axis; the first axis and the second axis are perpendicular to the first central axis.

Abstract: An exemplary image capture unit includes a light guide plate, a camera module, and a driving unit. The light guide plate includes a first wedge-shaped portion, a second wedge-shaped portion, and an intermediate portion connecting to the first wedge-shaped portion and the second wedge-shaped portion. The intermediate portion has a uniform thickness. The camera module faces the light guide plate. The camera module has an optical axis associated therewith. The driving unit is configured for driving the light guide plate to move relative to the camera module to selectively align the camera module with the first wedge-shaped portion, the second wedge-shaped portion, or the intermediate portion.

Abstract: An imaging device includes an arrayed imaging element group configured to receive light passing through a photographic lens, wherein the imaging element group includes a plurality of photographic elements used for photographic image data generation and a plurality of phase difference detection elements used for phase difference detection for focus detection of the photographic lens, each of the photographic elements and each of the phase difference detection elements include: an on-chip microlens configured to collect light passing through the photographic lens; a photoelectric conversion element configured to receive the light passing through the on-chip microlens; and an internal microlens disposed between the on-chip microlens and the photoelectric conversion element, the photographic element is configured such that an optical axis of the on-chip microlens matches an optical axis of the internal microlens, and the phase difference detection element is configured such that the optical axis of the on-chip mi

Abstract: An image capturing device includes an image sensing unit, a shutter button mechanism, and a control unit. The image sensing unit includes a lens module and an image sensor. The shutter button mechanism is operable to generate a trigger signal when pressed and to generate a release signal when the shutter button mechanism is released after being pressed. The control unit is configured to perform, in response to the release signal from the shutter button mechanism, a picture taking procedure for controlling the image sensing unit to capture an image.

Abstract: A mobile terminal and a method of controlling the operation of the mobile terminal are provided. The method includes operating a camera provided in a main body of the mobile terminal in a first camera mode, and displaying a screen corresponding to an operation selected during the first camera mode on a display module; and if a 360-degree rotation of the main body about a predetermined axial direction is detected, operating the camera in a second camera mode and displaying a screen corresponding to an operation selected during the second camera mode on the display module. Therefore, it is possible to easily switch the mobile terminal from one camera mode to another camera mode in accordance with the movement of the main body of the mobile terminal.

Abstract: An imaging system includes an offset focal array including a plurality of photosensitive elements disposed at different focal lengths from at least one lens to output an image simulating an orthogonal view of an oblique coverage area. In further embodiments, the photosensitive elements are arranged in layers positioned substantially equal to the focal lengths of one or more focusing lenses.

Abstract: A portable electronic device includes a first cover, a second cover, a camera and a liquid crystal shutter. The first and second covers cooperatively form a housing. The camera is received in the housing and fixed to the first cover. The camera includes an optical lens and an image sensor. The optical lens is optically aligned with the image sensor. The second cover has a through hole defined therein aligned with the optical lens of the camera. The liquid crystal shutter is fixed in the through hole. The liquid crystal shutter is changeable between a bright state and a dark state, thereby having a light switch function of a shutter.

Abstract: In an imaging apparatus including a stepping motor that drives a diaphragm, a favorable moving image exposure control is carried out while reducing electrical power required for holding the diaphragm position. For moving image exposure control, a determination unit determines the presence or absence of the diaphragm driving. When a rotor and the magnetic poles of the stator do not face to each other in the first operation mode, the control unit of a stepping motor drives the rotor to a facing position, and shuts off the current in a coil. When the diaphragm driving does not occur in the second operation mode, the control unit of a stepping motor shuts off the current in the coil at the state where the rotor of the motor and the magnetic poles of the stator face to each other. A holding current to be supplied to the motor is shut off in the first and second operation modes, whereby the lower power consumption can be realized.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a camera module includes an insulating substrate 13 having an imaging device 18, solder balls 21, a cylindrical lens holder 14, a shield 12, and a mounting board 11. The solder balls 21 are formed on a rear face of the substrate 13. The lens holder 14 is fixed on the substrate 13 and is composed of an upper large-diameter portion 14-1 and a lower small-diameter portion 14-2. The shield 12 is composed of a cylindrical side portion 12-2 fitted onto the small-diameter portion 14-2 and fixed on the rear face of the large-diameter portion 14-1 and a plate-shaped bottom portion 12-1 in contact with the rear face of the substrate 13 and having an opening. The mounting board 11 is on an upper surface of which the plate-shaped bottom portion 12-1 is so mounted as to come in contact with the upper surface and the insulating substrate 13 or the imaging device 18 is connected with the upper surface by the plurality of solder balls 21.

Abstract: An OCDM communication system and a method for correcting failure of the same are provided. In the system, encoders and decoders are provided respectively for channels. Each encoder, including an SSFBG, encodes an optical signal using a code value determined according to distance between adjacent unit fiber Bragg gratings in the SFFBG. Each decoder, including an SFFBG, generates a received optical signal by decoding the encoded signal using a code value determined in the same manner. A set temperature of each encoder and decoder is calculated and a corresponding control signal is generated based on average power and error rate detection signals of each received optical signal. The temperature of each encoder or decoder is individually adjusted according to the control signal, which makes equal the code values of an encoder and decoder of a channel in which average power of a received signal has changed or error rate thereof is excessive.

Abstract: An optical axis adjusting apparatus for an optical device includes a drive unit moving an optical component through which communication light emitted from a light source passes, a plate member disposed facing the optical component, the plate member allowing light to transmit through the plate member and reflecting light to the optical component, a photographing unit disposed on a back side of the plate member, taking an image irradiated with the light transmitted through the plate member, and a control section controlling the drive unit to move the optical component based on the image and information on optical characteristics of the light reflected by the plate member.

Abstract: A Tandem connection monitoring (TCM) path search method, a TCM path creation method, a path search management system, and a path creation management system are provided. The source end TCM mode and the sink end TCM mode at a single level of each node in an Optical Channel Data Unit-k (ODUk) path are acquired; and a TCM path at the single level between nodes in the ODUk path is calculated according to the source end TCM mode and the sink end TCM mode at the single level of each node that are acquired. TCM level information and the sink end TCM mode of a second node for TCM path creation between a first node and the second node are acquired by specifying the first node and the second node; and a TCM path between the first node and the second node that are specified is created and stored.

Abstract: A binary intensity-modulated light signal to be monitored is split into three signal beams. The first and third beams are converted into electric signals. Frequencies of the first electric signal corresponding to a bit rate pass a filter bank. The intensity of the filtered signal is detected by an RF intensity detector. A delaying interferometer makes the second beam interfere with a light signal obtained by delaying the second beam by a predetermined delay time. One of the resulting interference signals is converted into an electric signal. The intensities of the amplified signal are detected by another RF intensity detector. The third electric signal is smoothed by the filter bank, and its average intensity is detected by a power detector. The intensities of the detected, amplified signals are found relative to the detected average intensity to determine wavelength dispersion and optical SNR or the tendency of their changes.

Abstract: Provided are an optical network terminal (ONT) and a method for the ONT to detect an optical transmission error. The ONT is connected with an optical line termination (OLT) and constituting a passive optical network (PON), and includes an optical transmitter configured to transmit an optical signal to the OLT, an error detector configured to detect an error of the optical transmitter; and a controller configured to transmit an error message to the OLT through the optical transmitter when the error detector detects an error of the optical transmitter.

Abstract: A method for localizing an optical network termination in an optical access network including an optical line termination and a number of optical links.

Abstract: A communication network is provided for interconnecting a network of digital systems, such as multimedia devices. Each node of the communication network may include a receiver and a transmitter. The receiver and transmitter of each node can be an optical receiver and transmitter. The optical receiver is preferably powered by two power supply pins, each providing different supply amounts. An activity detector within the receiver can be powered from a first supply amount, and the signal path of the optical receiver can be supplied from a second supply amount greater than the first supply amount. The first supply amount is provided at all times, and the second supply amount is only provided if activity is detected. A voltage regulator which provides the first supply amount can be beneficially embodied on the same integrated circuit as a network interface to reduce the manufacturing cost of the network.

Abstract: A position in which an optical signal characteristic is compensated in an optical network can be chosen. An optical network equipment measures an optical signal characteristic for each wavelength, and notifies an optical network equipment on a communication path of an optical signal characteristic index and control necessity determination threshold. In an upstream portion of the communication path, the optical network equipment (a start point or the like of the communication path) that can compensate the optical signal characteristic for each wavelength determines the necessity to eliminate a deviation between wavelengths and the position to eliminate it, using the optical signal characteristic index and the control necessity determination threshold.

Abstract: A reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) transport network comprising a plurality of optical fan-out devices and a first plurality and a second plurality of demultiplexers for locally dropping selected wavelengths; and first plurality and a second plurality of multiplexers for locally adding selected wavelengths, the first and second plurality disposed in a cascaded relationship to enable selective coupling between network degrees.

Abstract: An optical transmission system including: first, second, and third stations; a main transmission path that bi-directionally couples the first station with the second station; and an optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) disposed on the main transmission path, the OADM branching light from the first and second station, combining light from the third station to the main transmission path; wherein the OADM includes an input determination unit and an optical path switching unit, the input determination unit detects the power of the lights, and determines whether each of the input lights is lost or not, and the optical path switching unit forms a loop-back route based on the determination.

Abstract: An optical network terminal (ONT) for use in an optical access network and comprising: an optical transceiver arranged to communicate with an optical line terminal using a wavelength which is modulated to carry sub-channels; a second transceiver arranged to communicate with a number of subscriber equipment using respective subscriber equipment channels; the ONT arranged to automatically map each subscriber equipment channel to a respective sub-channel of the wavelength without using an address associated with the respective subscriber equipment.

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure, polarized optical signals having the same wavelength are modulated in response to ERZ drive signals, to thereby yield corresponding RZ optical signals. Each of the polarized RZ optical signals includes a plurality of RZ transitions wherein the power of the optical signal returns to zero or a minimal power between bits or symbols. The phase or timing of the ERZ drive signals, however, is controlled, so that the RZ transitions in one polarized optical signal remain interleaved with the RZ transitions of the other polarized optical signal. Alternatively, the RZ transitions of the two polarized optical signals may be controlled so that the two are temporally aligned with one another. Thus, the timing of the RZ transitions of one polarized optical signal relative to the other polarized optical signal may be adjusted to optimize system performance.

Abstract: Consistent with an aspect of the present disclosure, an optical communication apparatus is provided that transmits a WDM signal including a plurality of optical channels, wherein each channel has a corresponding one of a plurality of wavelengths. Each of the plurality of optical channels includes optical signals having first (e.g., TE) and second (e.g., TM) polarizations. In one example, each polarized optical signal is modulated in accordance with an identifying tone. The optical channels are combined onto a waveguide, and an optical tap connected or coupled to the waveguide supplies a portion of the WDM signal including a composite of the optical channels to a photodiode. The aggregate power received by the photodiode includes the power associated with each optical channel, and the power of each channel is the sum of the powers of individual polarized optical signals within that channel.

Abstract: A simplified optical receiver architecture capable of tracking and demultiplexing polarization-multiplexed signals, dynamically compensating for PMD using a variety of polarization controller technologies, and reducing the number of delay line demodulators by two for both DPSK and DQPSK modulation is illustrated. Once polarization is stabilized at the first stage of the cascaded system of the present invention, subsequent stages can be simplified and cost reduced.

Abstract: An optical communications network that is composed of one station-side equipment being connected to plural subscriber-side equipments. The station-side equipment refers to downstream data signals and prepares transmission plans, and generates downstream control signals that include the transmission plans, and converts downstream signals, that include the downstream data signals and the downstream control signals to which identifiers indicating the subscriber-side equipments that are addressees are assigned, into downstream optical signals, and sends the downstream optical signals out toward the subscriber-side equipments.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention includes a tunable optical dispersion compensator (TODC) comprising a first beam displacer on an optical path, wherein the first beam displacer separates an optical signal into a first beam and a second beam, and one or more polarizing beam splitters on the optical path, wherein the one or more polarizing beam splitters keep the first beam and the second beam on the optical path. The TODC also comprises one or more etalons on the optical path, wherein the one or more etalons are tunable to introduce a group delay in the first beam and the second beam, and a reflecting mirror on the optical path, wherein the reflecting mirror returns the optical signal back along the optical path. The TODC further comprises a second beam displacer, wherein the second beam displacer combines the first beam and the second beam into an output optical signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical receiver for receiving visible light, wherein the visible light comprises an intensity modulated signal. The optical receiver comprises an optical intensity modulation filter configured for filtering the intensity modulated signal from the visible light and a photo detector configured for detecting said filtered modulated signal. The invention also relates to an—illumination system comprising such a optical receiver. The optical filter preferably comprises a fluorescent layer.

Abstract: An optical bidirectional communication module includes a light-emitting element, a light-receiving element and an optical waveguide. The optical waveguide performs wavelength division on light received from an optical fiber and guides the received light to the light-receiving element. The optical waveguide also performs wavelength division on light emitted from the light-emitting element and guides the emitted light to the optical fiber. The light-emitting element, the light-receiving element and the optical waveguide are incorporated on an optical substrate.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method for robust multi-level encoding of optical signals. The method uses a transmitter that transforms electric signals into optical signals and a receiver capable to transform optical signals into electric signals. The transmitter is capable to generate optical pulses having at least two different durations. The amplitudes of the pulses are preferably close to each other. The transmitter is fast, and the receiver is slow such that the response time of the receiver exceeds at least the shortest of the durations of the optical pulses. Then the receiver effectively integrates the optical signal and generates the electric signal having a larger amplitude when the optical signal has a larger duration. Thus, the method converts the modulation in pulse duration into the modulation in signal amplitude. In different embodiments of the present invention, the transmitter can be realized by a light-emitting diode, superluminescent light-emitting diode, or a diode laser.

Abstract: The system includes: a two-light wave generator for generating light beams having wavelengths ?1 and ?2 that are spaced apart by a frequency of a signal M1 from a laser; a photodetector for detecting a signal M2 from the light beams transmitted through an optical fiber; an optical modulator for frequency-shifting the light beams by a frequency of a signal M3; a Faraday reflector for reflecting the light beams; an optical coupler for mixing the light beams that have been returned to a polarization beam splitter, with the generated light beams; a photodetector for converting the light beams into microwave signals; an image rejection mixer for frequency-converting the signals obtained through the conversion by using the signal M1 to output a two side bands; and a phase difference detector for detecting a phase difference between the side bands, and controlling a phase shifter so that the phase difference becomes 0.

Abstract: In an integrated circuit device, such as a microprocessor, a device internal optical communication system is provided in order to enhance signal transfer capabilities while relaxing overall thermal conditions. Furthermore, the device internal optical data or signal transfer capabilities may result in superior operating speed and a high degree of design flexibility. The optical communication system may be applied as a chip internal system in single chip systems or as an inter-chip optical system in three-dimensional chip configurations provided in a single package.

Abstract: A device other than a projectile including: a casing, at least a portion of which contains a potting material acting as the optical waveguide material; a transmitter for transmitting a pulse based signal at least partially through the potting material; and a receiver for receiving the pulse based signal after one or more reflections of the pulse based signal from interior surfaces of the casing; the pulse based signal having a pulse rate configured such that a subsequent pulse doesn't interfere with reflections from an immediately previous pulse.

Abstract: A computer including: a casing, at least a portion of which contains a potting material acting as an optical waveguide material; a transmitter for transmitting a pulse based signal at least partially through the potting material acting as the optical waveguide material; and a receiver for receiving the pulse based signal after one or more reflections of the pulse based signal from interior surfaces of the casing; the pulse based signal having a pulse rate configured such that a subsequent pulse doesn't interfere with reflections from an immediately previous pulse.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for geographically-diverse redundant servers and the like interconnected via wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems with managed path differential delay of the WDM systems. The present disclosure provides transport systems and methods incorporating absolute time references, such as global positioning system (GPS) time references and/or the like, and selective buildout delays, such as first-in, first-out (FIFO) buildout delays and/or the like. In one exemplary embodiment, the transport systems and methods of the present invention are used in conjunction with the International Business Machine Corporation (IBM) Geographically-Dispersed Parallel Sysplex (GDPS) integrated, automated application and data availability solution to meet and/or exceed the associated 10 microseconds transmit/receive path differential delay requirement. Other comparable uses are also contemplated herein, as will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Abstract: In one example, a DFB laser includes a substrate, an active region, and a grating. The active region is formed above the substrate and is designed to emit light having a gain peak wavelength. The grating is formed above the active region and is designed to provide optical feedback for light having a lasing peak wavelength. The gain peak wavelength is longer than the lasing peak wavelength and a difference between the gain peak wavelength and the lasing peak wavelength at room temperature is between 10 nm and 50 nm.

Abstract: A method and an optical network component for data processing in an optical network. A first signal and a second signal are influenced by a tunable element. The first signal is an incoming optical signal, and the second signal is a local oscillator signal generated by a laser. The laser has an optical gain element that is tuned by the tunable element. A communication system is provided with the optical network component.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a roller that should be identified, an indicator configured to rotate together with the roller, a sensor configured to come into contact with the indicator and read plural steps of the indicator, a storage configured to store an identification code, and a controller configured to compare the identification code read out from the storage and an output of the sensor.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a pre-transfer conveying portion that conveys a recording medium, an image bearing member that moves while bearing a toner image, a conveying belt that attracts the recording medium conveyed from the pre-transfer conveying portion and conveys the recording medium at the same speed as the image bearing member, a detecting portion that detects the recording medium attracted to the conveying belt, and a control unit that controls the speed at which the pre-transfer conveying portion conveys the recording medium. On the basis of the detection of the recording medium, the control unit changes the speed of the pre-transfer conveying portion from a speed slower than the speed of the conveying belt to a speed equal to or faster than the speed of the conveying belt, and thereby causes the leading edges of the toner image and the recording medium to coincide.

Abstract: A printing apparatus capable of reducing the frequency of detection of a recording agent remaining amount and obtaining accurate information of the recording agent remaining amount. When a printed sheet is discharged, a CPU of a printer updates information representing the number of discharged sheets and stores the information into a memory of a print engine. The CPU refers to toner remaining amount information stored in a memory of a cartridge and determines whether there is a sufficient toner remaining amount in the cartridge. If there is no sufficient toner remaining amount, toner remaining amount detection is executed each time printing of one page has been performed. If there is a sufficient toner remaining amount, the toner remaining amount detection is executed when the number of discharged sheets coincides with a predetermined value.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus which heat-fixes a toner image transferred onto a sheet, including: a heating device configured to generate eddy currents in a conductive heating element using a magnetic core and an exciting coil to produce heat; a core moving unit configured to move the core; a current detecting unit configured to detect a current flowing through the exciting coil; and an abnormal signal output unit configured to output a signal indicating an abnormality when a difference between a first current value and a second current value is smaller than a predetermined threshold value, the first current value being detected by the current detecting unit before the core is moved by the core moving unit, the second current value being detected by the current detecting unit after the core is moved by the core moving unit.

Abstract: A power saving processing apparatus that includes a processing unit, an output unit and a transition unit is provided. The processing unit is configured to transition from a first state where power is supplied to a second state where power supply is restricted, executes a first process required for such transition before transition from the first state to the second state, and executes a second process to output a first signal after executing the first process. The output unit outputs a second signal after receiving the first signal output from the processing unit, and outputs the second signal when not receiving the first signal output from the processing unit within a predetermined time period after a predetermined time after the first process starts. The transition unit transitions the processing unit to the second state after receiving the second signal output from the output unit.

Abstract: An image-processing device includes a selection unit that selects either a first operation mode or a second operation mode for representing a primary color by a combination of a first developer having a relatively light color of substantially the same hue as the primary color and a second developer having a relatively dark color of substantially the same hue as the primary color, wherein in the second operation mode, a larger amount of the first developer and a smaller amount of the second developer are used to represent a given intensity of the primary color than in the first operation mode; and a first conversion unit that converts a primary color signal representing the primary color into a first developer color signal representing an amount of the first developer and a second developer color signal representing an amount of the second developer.

Abstract: A plurality of test patches each including a dark and light image which has density unevenness of a predetermined period in which the plurality of test patches are differentiated in phase difference relative to a phase of density unevenness induced by rotational unevenness occurring at a predetermined period in the motor for driving a photosensitive drum is formed. Then, density information of the plurality of test patches with is detected by a density sensor 41, and the phase of the density unevenness is obtained based on detection results (density information) of the plurality of test patches as well as based on a phase difference corresponding to a test patch whose density unevenness is a predetermined value in amplitude.

Abstract: An image forming device includes: image forming sections that form toner images with charged toners of respective colors on respective surfaces of image retainers; a transfer accepting body to whose surface the toner images are transferred electrostatically; transfer members that transfer the toner images to the transfer accepting body; a first charge applying section that switches, according to an instruction, between a first mode of applying the charge to all the transfer members and a second mode of applying the charge to apart of the transfer members; and a second charge applying section that applies, when the charge is applied in the second mode, a charge having the same polarity as that of the charged toners, to the transfer accepting body surface, at an applying point upstream from where the toner images are transferred to the transfer accepting body in a moving direction of the transfer accepting body.

Abstract: A printing system includes a first printing apparatus, a second printing apparatus, and a control device. The second printing apparatus is provided at a rear stage of the first printing apparatus, and includes a second preheating unit that preheats a recording medium from one surface before thermally fixing a toner image to another surface, and a temperature control unit that increase the temperature of the second preheating unit from a normal temperature to a target temperature, in response to a printing preparation instruction received in a temporary printing stop state from the control device. The control device starts printing, when the temperature of the second preheating unit reaches the target temperature. The temperature control unit decreases the temperature of the second preheating unit from the target temperature to the normal temperature, when the recording medium is conveyed by a length from a deformed portion to the second preheating unit.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a belt that has an endless shape, a roller that forms a nip with the belt, a support member that supports the belt interposed between the support member and the roller, a coil that generates a magnetic field for inducing current in the belt, an auxiliary heat generation member that generates heat with the current induced by the magnetic field in the loop of the belt, and a temperature sensor that is opposed to the auxiliary heat generation member with the belt interposed between the element and the auxiliary heat generation member and detects the temperature of an outer peripheral surface of the belt.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image forming apparatus server connected to an image forming apparatus and a print charging method thereof. A print charging method for at least one image forming apparatus, the method including: setting charging standards for a print usage volume of the at least one image forming apparatus; collecting usage volume information of the at least one image forming apparatus according to the set charging standards; and changing the charging standards by using the collected usage volume information and calculating charges by using the changed charging standards. With this, the image forming apparatus server uses the changed CPP reflecting the change to thereby reduce errors in the initial charging standards, actively respond to the changed user environment and win confidence from both a supplier and a user.