Abstract: A method of making absorbent cellulosic sheet includes forming a web of papermaking fibers, extruding a cellulosic dope of underivatized cellulose, disposing the dope upon the web and regenerating the cellulose in-situ. Regenerated filaments may have a denier of from about 0.05 to about 20.

Abstract: Aqueous slurries of finely divided fillers which are at least partly coated with polymers and which are obtainable by treating aqueous slurries of finely divided fillers with at least one water-soluble amphoteric copolymer whose structures are identified in the specification are used as an additive to the paper stock in the production of filler-containing paper, filler-containing cardboard or filler-containing board by draining of the paper stock.

Abstract: A method of making absorbent cellulosic sheet with increased wet/dry CD tensile ratio includes treating the fiber at high consistency with debonder in a pulper, for example. The process enables the use of large amounts of debonder in a wet-press process in order to achieve wet/dry CD tensile ratios of greater than 30%.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of certain lipolytic enzymes such as cutinases and lipases in the manufacture of paper and paper products from recycled paper. Examples of such enzymes are derived from strains of Humicola, Candida, Fusarium and Pseudomonas. By use of these enzymes, the problems relating to the so-called “stickies” derived from waste paper are reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of a fibrous web, especially a tissue or hygienic web, the fibrous web runs through a press nip which is formed by a press unit and a backing roll and the web is subsequently run through a creping nip which is formed by the backing roll and a creping roll around which a textured belt is looped. Moreover, the creping roll is equipped with its own drive. The creping roll can be pressed against the backing roll through a pivoted lever whose pivoting axis which is parallel with the axes of the creping roll and is positioned such that the connecting line between the pivoting axis and the creping roll axis forms an angle of approximately 90° with the connecting line between the creping roll axis and the backing roll axis, when viewed in a vertical plane relative to these axes.

Abstract: System for drying a tissue or hygiene web. The system includes a permeable structured fabric carrying the web over a drying apparatus. A permeable dewatering fabric contacts the web and is guided over the drying apparatus. A mechanism is used to apply pressure to the permeable structured fabric, the web, and the permeable dewatering fabric at the drying apparatus. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: Recycling a metal/organic laminate continuously involves providing a reactor having a first chamber with a first rotary stirrer, a second chamber with a second rotary stirrer, each chamber containing particulate microwave absorbing material, introducing laminate and additional absorbing material into the first chamber under a reducing or inert atmosphere, stirring and applying microwave energy sufficiently to pyrolyze organic material, transferring a portion of the mixture to the second chamber where it is stirred and microwave energy applied to pyrolyze remaining organic material, delaminate or delaminated metal migrating toward and floating on the upper surface of the mixture, where the second stirrer rotates in a horizontal plane and fluidizes the mixture to give the upper surface of the mixture a radial profile biasing metal floating to migrate radially outwardly, and recovering metal from an exit.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus for recovery of energy and by-products from automobile and truck tires. The tires are heated in an oxygen poor environment, and the off gases are condensed to recover a liquid oil product and compressible natural gas. The tires are reduces to ash and steel, both of which can be feed streams for other processes. The apparatus includes a condenser with cooled plates, and oil recovery structures.

Abstract: The present invention is made to provide a method of producing a ZnO thin film in which the c-axis is oriented in-plane over a large area. A ZnO target 28 as the material of the thin film is sputtered by using a magnetron sputtering system, and a flow of material (material flow) directed from the cathode 23 to the anode 24 is generated in a plasma. The material flow has a high density at its central part and has a low density as it departs from the central part. A substrate 20 is fixed at a position displaced from the central axis of a region 30 where the material flow is generated so as to be inclined relative to the central axis. Thereby, a temperature gradient is naturally formed on the substrate 20, and the c-axis of the ZnO thin film deposited on the substrate 20 is oriented in-plane to the temperature gradient direction. Since the substrate 20 is fixed so as to be inclined relative to the material flow, the area where the c-axis is consistently oriented in-plane becomes larger than before.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas generator is provided including an electrolysis cell (1) with a gas-impermeable housing, which is closed by a gas-permeable membrane (2) for the discharge of the test gas or calibrating gas CO. A chemically inert cathode (5) formed of a noble metal, a mixture of noble metals or a material containing carbon, is in direct contact with an electrolyte (7). An anode (4) formed of a noble metal, a mixture of noble metals or a material containing carbon, is in direct contact with a mesoxalic acid salt, the mesoxalic acid salt being in direct contact with the electrolyte (7). A control unit (6) is provided that also acts as a power source and is connected to the electrodes (4, 5).

Abstract: A diamond electrode includes a conductive silicon substrate having a plurality of pores. The diamond electrode also includes a conductive diamond covering the conductive silicon substrate. The inner wall surfaces of the plurality of pores are at an angle of 60° to 85° with respect to a substrate of the conductive silicon substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a hollow cathode sputtering target comprising an inner bottom face having a surface roughness of Ra?1.0 ?m, and preferably Ra?0.5 ?m. This hollow cathode sputtering target has superior sputter film evenness (uniformity), generates few arcing and particles, is capable of suppressing the peeling of the redeposited film on the bottom face, and has superior deposition characteristics.

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus and a method for producing atom clusters based on a gas discharge within a hollow cathode. The hollow cathode includes one or more walls. The one or more walls define a sputtering chamber within the hollow cathode and include a material to be sputtered. A hollow anode is positioned at an end of the sputtering chamber, and atom clusters are formed when a gas discharge is generated between the hollow anode and the hollow cathode.

Abstract: A prismatic multilayer gas sensor element and method of making the same, the prismatic multilayer gas sensor element (1) having a substantially rectangular cross section, and including a gas-sensing cell portion (2) formed at a distal end portion of the prismatic gas sensor element (1); and a posterior lead portion (3) adjoining the gas-sensing cell portion (2). The longitudinal lateral surfaces of the posterior lead portion (3) are coated with a non-porous alumina layer (11), the non-porous alumina layer (11) having a multilayered structure including at least a joining layer (11a) and a surface layer (11b). The longitudinal lateral surface of the gas-sensing portion (2) is not coated with a non-porous alumina layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of indirectly detecting at least one directly undetectable analyte of interest. According to the method, a leading electrolyte and a trailing electrolyte are provided. In addition, a mixture of the at least one directly undetectable analyte and at least two directly detectable spacer molecules is provided. The directly detectable spacer molecules and the directly undetectable analyte are then concentrated and separated into zones using isotachophoresis. A displacement between the zones of directly detectable spacer molecules is then used to determine the presence of the directly undetectable analyte.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophoresis device including an insulator that includes: a first-separating-medium storing section for storing therein a first separating medium; a first opening and a second opening that are in communication with the first-separating-medium storing section and for defining a direction of separation on the first separating medium; and a third opening that is covered with a penetrable insulating thin film, wherein the first separating medium storing section is in communication with outside via the first opening and the second opening. There is also provided an electrophoresis apparatus including the electrophoresis device. This realizes an electrophoresis apparatus, and a device therefor, that enables an operator to sample separated proteins without ever making contact with the electrophoresed gel, and that can easily be used with various types of analyses, thereby improving convenience of electrophoresis.

Abstract: An electrochemical deposition method and electrolyte to plate uniform, defect free and smooth gallium films are provided. In a preferred embodiment, the electrolyte may include a solvent that comprises water and at least one monohydroxyl alcohol, a gallium salt, and an acid to control the solution pH and conductivity. The method electrodeposits a gallium film possessing sub-micron thickness on a conductive surface. Such gallium layers are used in fabrication of semiconductor and electronic devices such as thin film solar cells.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for diminishing or preventing in electrochemical operating systems the deposition of a metal oxide on an electrode surface. The metal oxide is formed by electrochemically assisted reduction of volatile metal oxides formed from a metallic component exposed to oxidative environments. In one example, described herein are methods for diminishing or preventing poisoning of a cathode by applying a negative protection potential to the metallic component. In another example, described herein are methods for diminishing or preventing the deposition of a metal oxide on a cathode surface by removing oxygen from the metallic component itself and thereby decreasing the amount of released volatile oxide from the metallic component by use of an auxiliary oxygen pump cell.

Abstract: A process for the hydrometallurgical processing of manganese containing materials, the process characterized by the combination of a manganese dioxide containing feedstock and an acidic solution to form an acidic solution to be leached, and passing a volume of sulphur dioxide gas through that leach solution as the leaching agent, whereby no sintering or roasting pre-treatment step of the feedstock is undertaken and the levels of dithionate ion generated in the leach solution are less than about 5 g/l. Also described is a process for the production of electrolytic manganese dioxide.

Abstract: Syngas components hydrogen and carbon monoxide may be formed by the decomposition of carbon dioxide and water or steam by a solid-oxide electrolysis cell to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen, a portion of which may be reacted with carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide. One or more of the components for the process, such as steam, energy, or electricity, may be provided using a nuclear power source.

Abstract: A water electrolysis apparatus includes a plurality of unit cells. A membrane electrode assembly of the unit cell includes an anode side power feeding element and a cathode side power feeding element stacked on an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer on both surfaces of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. A surface of the anode side power feeding element is subjected to a grinding process, and then, subjected to an etching process to form a smooth surface.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a metal body, which leads in a simple and reliable way to formation of a defined surface topography, if desired also combined, in the range from 10 nm to 500 ?m on a metal base body or blank which is to have, in particular, nanoscale pores. For this purpose, a pulsating current is applied to a metal base body in an electrolysis bath, with the electrolysis bath comprising salt former ions matched to the material of the metal base body. Furthermore, the invention provides a dental implant having particularly advantageous surface properties, in which a nanostructure is superimposed on a surface microstructure and nitrogen atoms and/or nitrogen compounds are attached and/or included in the region of the surface.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for using an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system that supplies an electrical current such that a metallic structure (10) has a negative voltage of between 0.5 and 1.5 Volt relative to earth to power one or more electrical appliances (5), the method comprising: —providing one or more electrical appliances (5) which each have a pair of electrical contacts (1,2); —connecting one electrical contact (1) of each electrical appliance to the structure; and —connecting the other electrical contact (2) of each electrical appliance to earth, thereby providing electrical power to each of the electrical appliances. It is preferred that the electrical appliances (5) are equipped with one or more DC-DC power converters (6) which are configured to enhance an electrical input voltage of between 0.5 and 1.5 Volt to an electrical output voltage of between 3 and 5 Volt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to distillate fuels or distillate fuel blend stocks comprising a blend of a Fischer-Tropsch derived product and a petroleum derived product that is hydrocracked under conditions to preserve aromatics. The resulting distillate fuel product is a low sulfur, moderately aromatic distillate fuel. The resulting distillate fuel or distillate fuel blend stock exhibits excellent properties, including good seal swell, density, and thermal stability. The present invention also relates to processes for making these distillate fuels or distillate fuel blend stocks.

Abstract: A method of for treating a hydrocarbon fuel comprises applying a plurality of shock waves to the fuel at a frequency and intensity such as to increase the combustion efficiency of the fuel. An apparatus for treating a hydrocarbon fuel comprises a fuel treatment chamber; an inlet for introducing a hydrocarbon fuel to be treated into the treatment chamber; an outlet for removing a treated hydrocarbon fuel from the treatment chamber; and a means for imparting a plurality of shock waves to fuel within the treatment chamber at a frequency and intensity such as to increase the combustion efficiency of the fuel. The apparatus is particularly suitable for installation in the fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A continuous steam pyrolysis method is provided. The method comprises feeding a material to be pyrolyzed into a tubular reactor and carrying out a pyrolysis reaction in the tubular reactor in the presence of a superheated steam flow. The material to be pyrolyzed passes through one or more proceeding zones and one or more blending zones during the pyrolysis reaction in the tubular reactor. The total length of the one or more blending zones ranges about 5% to about 35% of the total length of the proceeding zones and the blending zones.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce high cetane quality and low or preferably ultra low sulfur diesel and a fluid catalytic cracker (FCC) quality feedstock from a processing unit including at least a hydrotreating zone and a hydrocracking zone. In one aspect, the processing unit includes reactor severity requirements in both the hydrotreating zone and the hydrocracking zone effective to produce the FCC feed quality and the diesel sulfur quality to permit a high quality hydrocracked product to be formed at lower pressures and conversion rates without overtreating the FCC quality feedstock stream. In another aspect, a portion of the hydrotreated effluent is selected for conversion in the hydrocracking and the remaining portion of the hydrotreated effluent is directed to subsequent processing, such as fluid catalytic cracking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a screen lock-unlock system for automatically locking and unlocking a screen that is within a fluid channel wherein the screen is rotatable relative to the channel from closed to open. The system includes an actuator comprising a flapper and a trigger, wherein the flapper is rotatably connectable to the back of the screen. The flapper is operably connected to the trigger for moving the trigger. And, the system is further summarized, according to one aspect, as follows. It includes a lock bar wherein the lock bar is rotatably attachable to a screen support structure, the lock bar being rotatable by movement of the trigger. The lock bar intercepts the rearward arc path of a blockable part (such as a flange extending laterally from the screen). The flapper is located and oriented with respect to the closed screen for at least part of the flapper to be rotatable in response to pressure from impact fluid.

Abstract: A sink filter device for placing inside a sink bowl of a sink or a shower or tub comprising a first sheet; a second sheet atop the first sheet; and a plurality of pores disposed throughout the first sheet and throughout the second sheet. In some embodiments, the pores are between about 50 ?m to 5 mm in diameter. The second sheet is oriented atop the first sheet such that the pores in the second sheet are slightly aligned with the pores in the first sheet.

Abstract: A pool/spa water treatment system may include a pump and a pool filter. The pump may include a pump inlet and a pump outlet. The pump inlet and outlet may be aligned on a first axis or within a first vertical plane. The pool filter may be offset a select transverse distance from the pump. The pool filter may include a pool filter inlet in fluid communication with the pump outlet. The pool filter inlet and the pump outlet may be aligned on a second axis or within a second vertical plane that is transverse to the first axis or plane. The pool/spa water treatment system may further include a heater. The heater may include a heater inlet in fluid communication with the pool filter outlet. The heater inlet may be aligned with the pool filter outlet within the second plane.

Abstract: A hood for mounting over an outlet in a wall of a catch basin is disclosed. The hood includes a hood wall that forms a prow in a horizontal plane. The prow extends along an axis of the hood thereby achieving optimal flow conditions in the catch basin. In some embodiments the hood wall is shaped to be at least partially sealably mounted to the interior wall of a catch basin have a circular cross section in a horizontal plane. This novel hood shape facilitates installation of the hood in the circular catch basin, while also reducing the flow of oil and other pollutants into the outlet pipe in the circular catch basin. In some embodiments a perforated screed is also disclosed that surrounds the hood to aid in the capture of floatable pollutants.

Abstract: An improved method of fabricating a spiral wound module seals a juncture between each scroll face, preferably a smooth, trimmed scroll face, and a central permeate tube. The tube is generally perpendicular to the scroll face. Modules produced using the improved method have fewer insertion point leaks than those produced without using the improved method. Fast curable cyanoacrylate adhesive is used preferably.

Abstract: One embodiment of an apparatus and method for treating agricultural animal wastewater that costs less to build, is easy to operate, and requires little energy input. The method employs natural systems for wastewater treatment; an initial anaerobic digestion treatment followed by batch floating aquatic plant treatment. The batch floating aquatic plant treatment of effluent and subsequent batch discharge provides increased control of the treatment process. Opportunistic collection and use of biogas and floating aquatic biomass results in additional benefits. The apparatus reduces the cost and land area required for the system by subdividing a lagoon into an anaerobic digestion treatment zone below the apparatus and a floating aquatic plant treatment zone above the apparatus. In addition, the apparatus is disposed in the lagoon in such a way that it facilitates the collection of biogas evolving from anaerobic digestion treatment beneath the apparatus by diverting it to areas to be collected.

Abstract: Granulated products are provided and include carbonaceous particles and a carbonized agent or binder. The agent or binder is preferably a synthetic resin, pitch component, or mixture thereof. Packing materials for packing columns used in chromatographic separations are also provided as are methods of chromatographic separation using the materials. In addition, methods are provided to provide a variety of different types of carbonaceous products. A variety of chemical groups can be, prior to heat-treatment and/or thereafter, attached to the granules to form modified granules.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling a real-time oxidation-reduction potential in a hot water system undergoing a wet layup sequence to inhibit corrosion in the hot water system. The method includes separating the wet layup sequence into a plurality of phases. Each phase is either short-term or long-term and a subset of the short-term phases is optionally transitional. The method further includes defining one or more zones in the hot water system. At least one of the defined zones is selected for each phase and one or more of the selected zones include at least one ORP probe operable to measure the real-time ORP and communicate with a controller. The ORP probe(s) either intermittently or continuously measure the real-time ORP at operating temperature and pressure at one or more of the selected zones in one or more of the phases and transmit the measured real-time ORP to the controller. The real-time ORP is assessed to determine whether it conforms to an ORP setting for that phase.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a microresonator is disclosed. Initially, silica is deposited on a substrate, and the substrate is etched to form a pillar, the top portion of which supports the silica. The microresonator is then formed from the silica. Next, the pillar is etched to reduce the overall diameter of the top portion of the pillar so that the microresonator can be disengaged from the pillar.

Abstract: Methods for wafer-scale fabrication of needle arrays can include mechanically modifying a wafer to produce a plurality of vertically-extending columns. The columns are etched to round and reshape the columns into substantially uniformly shaped needles. Needle arrays having needle width non-uniformity of less than about 3% and length non-uniformity of less than about 2% can be produced.

Abstract: A method produces of a ceramic circuit board that has a ceramic substrate on a top side of the circuit board, solderable contact pads for components, and solderable contacts on an underside of the circuit board. The metallization for the solderable contact pads is produced by depositing a metal from a solution directly onto the ceramic substrate.

Abstract: A method for forming a bump of a probe card is disclosed. In accordance with the method, a bump having a high aspect ratio for supporting a probe tip and a probe beam is formed using a semiconductor substrate as a mold eliminating a need for a photoresist film.

Abstract: By working a grabbing portion by a charged particle beam of FIB or the like, the grabbing portion in parallel with the beam can be formed, and also dust adhered to the grabbing portion is removed. When a small sample represented by a TEM sample is fabricated by being cut out by etching by a charged particle beam and is carried at inside of an apparatus of irradiating a charged particle beam, the sample is etched in a direction of irradiating the charged particle beam, and therefore, a mechanism pinched by a grabbing face of a grabbing portion can be worked in a direction the same as that in working the sample, and therefore, a change in an attitude can be reduced when the sample and the grabbing face are fabricated by parallel faces.

Abstract: A process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles by polymerizing droplets of a monomer solution in a gas phase surrounding the droplets and postcrosslinking the polymer particles, wherein the postcrosslinked polymer particles are at least partly coated.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound is to be obtained that has stability to heat, light and so forth, a high clearing point, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large negative dielectric anisotropy, and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds. A liquid crystal composition containing the compound is also to be obtained that has a low viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a suitable negative dielectric anisotropy, a low threshold voltage, a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase (phase transition temperature from a nematic phase to an isotropic phase), and a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase. A compound having a hydrocoumarin skeleton is synthesized, and a liquid crystal composition containing the compound is produced.

Abstract: An oxynitride phosphor consisting of a crystal containing at least one or more of Group II elements selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn, at least one or more of Group IV elements selected from the group consisting of C, Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr and Hf, and a rare earth element being an activator R, thereby providing a phosphor which is excited by an excitation light source at an ultraviolet to visible light region and which has a blue green to yellow luminescence color that is wavelength converted.

Abstract: An oxynitride phosphor consisting of a crystal containing at least one or more of Group II elements selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn, at least one or more of Group IV elements selected from the group consisting of C, Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr and Hf, and a rare earth element being an activator R, thereby providing a phosphor which is excited by an excitation light source at an ultraviolet to visible light region and which has a blue green to yellow luminescence color that is wavelength converted.

Abstract: An oxynitride phosphor consisting of a crystal containing at least one or more of Group II elements selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn, at least one or more of Group IV elements selected from the group consisting of C, Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr and Hf, and a rare earth element being an activator R, thereby providing a phosphor which is excited by an excitation light source at an ultraviolet to visible light region and which has a blue green to yellow luminescence color that is wavelength converted.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of amorphous aluminum phosphate or polyphosphate-based pigment by reacting aluminum phosphate and sodium aluminate is provided. The amorphous aluminum phosphate or polyphosphate is characterized by a skeletal density of less than 2.50 grams per cubic centimeter and a phosphorus to aluminum mole ratio of greater than 0.8. In one embodiment, the composition is useful in paints as a substitute for titanium dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a nanophase carbon black grafted with organic compounds, comprising (a) a first component: 100 parts by weight of original carbon black particles, and (b) a second component: 5-300 parts by weight of grafting organic compounds having or producing free radicals which is grafted onto the surface of the carbon black, wherein the molecular weight of the grafting organic compounds is 100-10000, and the nanophase carbon black has a particle size of 1-100 nm. The invention also discloses the synthesis thereof and articles therefrom.

Abstract: A non-lead composition for use as a thick-film resistor paste in electronic applications. The composition comprises particles of Li2RuO3 of diameter between 0.5 and 5 microns and a lead-free frit. The particles have had the lithium at or near primarily the surface of the particle at least partially exchanged for atoms of other metals.

Abstract: The borosilicate glass for pharmaceutical packaging has a transmission ? in the visible range of more than 80% at a wavelength of 400 nm, a transmission ? in the UV range of at most 0.1% at wavelengths under 260 nm (each at a sample thickness of 1 mm), a transformation temperature Tg of 550° C. to 590° C. and a processing temperature VA of 1100° C. to 1200° C. The glass has a composition, in wt. % on an oxide basis, of SiO2, 60-80; B2O3, 5-15; Al2O3, 2-10; TiO2, 0.5-7; ? Li2O+K2O+Na2O, 3-10; ? alkaline earth oxides, 0.5-10; ZrO2, 0-3; and Fe2O3, 0-0.2. The glass is suitable for packaging UV-sensitive substances but nevertheless permits optical quality control.

Abstract: A spinning apparatus comprising one or more exits for extruding liquid, and an exit for ejecting gas, located upstream of the exits for extruding liquid, wherein the apparatus comprises a columnar hollow for liquid, in which the exit for extruding liquid forms one end of the columnar hollow; the apparatus comprises a columnar hollow for gas having the exit for ejecting gas; a virtual column for liquid, extended from the columnar hollow for liquid, is adjacent to a virtual column for gas, extended from the columnar hollow for gas; the central axis of the columnar hollow for liquid is parallel to the central axis of the columnar hollow for gas; and there exists only one straight line having the shortest distance between an outer boundary of the cross-section of the columnar hollow for gas and an outer boundary of the cross-section of the columnar hollow for liquid, is disclosed.