Abstract: The paste composition for an electrode of the first aspect of the present invention includes silver alloy particles, glass particles, a resin, and a solvent. The paste composition for an electrode of the second aspect of the present invention includes copper particles, silver or silver alloy particles, glass particles containing P2O5 and V2O5, a resin, and a solvent, in which the content of the copper particles to the silver or silver alloy particles is from 9% by mass to 88% by mass. Further, the cell of a photovoltaic cell of the present invention has an electrode formed by using the paste composition for an electrode.

Abstract: A composition of matter includes at least one carbon nanotube (CNT) or a graphene type structure having an outer surface, and a plurality of crystalline polymer supramolecular structures that include a conjugated polymer that are non-covalently secured to the outer surface of the CNTs or the graphene type structure. The conjugated polymer can be a conjugated homopolymer or a block copolymer including at least one conjugated block. The supramolecular structures extend outward from the outer surface of the CNTs or graphene type structures.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a dye-sensitized solar cell having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and capable of saving the amount of a catalyst used, by using an inexpensive metal material showing excellent corrosion resistance in an electrolyte of a dye-sensitized solar cell for a counter electrode. [Means for Resolution] A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a photoelectrode comprising a light-transmitting and conductive material and a semiconductor layer having a sensitizing dye supported thereon, formed on the surface of the light-transmitting and conductive material, an electrolyte and a counter electrode, wherein the counter is constituted of a material comprising a substrate comprising stainless steel containing Cr: 16% by mass or more, and Mo: 0.3% by mass or more, and a catalyst thin film layer formed on the surface of the substrate, and the semiconductor layer of the photoelectrode and the catalyst thin film, layer of the counter electrode face through the electrolyte.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell or a photovoltaic converter panel comprises depositing a layer of p-doped amorphous silicon using a gas mixture comprising silane, methane, hydrogen and trimethylboron in a ratio of 1:2:2:1.25. In particular, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is used for the deposition. The corresponding photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic converter panels are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photovoltaic device for direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, which comprises a concentrator lens system and at least one solar cell. Furthermore the invention relates to a method for producing a concentrator lens system which can be used in a corresponding photovoltaic device but also in other devices for, e.g. thermal, use of radiation.

Abstract: A flexible photovoltaic module comprising a base layer which is mated, by interposition of an intermediate junction element made of polymeric material, with a photovoltaic film.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for an improved morphing flow path. A flexible structure has a plurality of sections which include a first section and a second section. An actuator system is connected to the flexible structure and includes a number of actuators. The actuator system is capable of changing a configuration of the flexible structure. A controller is connected to the actuator system. The controller is capable of changing a position of a number of actuators within the actuator system.

Abstract: The invention relates a method and apparatus for reducing the drag on aircraft, particularly aircraft with an upswept afterbody. The method includes the steps of positioning a plurality of drag reducing elements on the fuselage of the aircraft, wherein the drag reducing elements are positioned on the fuselage from a position at the breakline of the fuselage and extending toward the tail of the aircraft. In preferred embodiments, each of the plurality of drag reducing elements is positioned such that a first end of the drag reducing element is at an angle of between approximately 15 and 35° nose up relative to the flow of air about the fuselage at the location where the drag reducing element is positioned.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling fluid flow including a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve includes a valve body located outside an instrumentation enclosure, wherein the valve body includes at least one connection port for controlling fluid flow and a valve plunger housing located within the instrumentation enclosure, wherein a solenoid coil is wound around the valve plunger housing portion. The apparatus also includes an instrumentation enclosure wall including an aperture through which the valve plunger housing is inserted into the instrumentation enclosure.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein can introduce low amounts of gas in a liquid with fast response time and low variation in concentration. In one embodiment, a gas is directed into an inlet on a gas contacting side of a porous element of a contactor and a liquid is directed into an inlet on a liquid contacting side of the porous element of the contactor. The liquid contacting side and the gas contacting side are separated by the porous element and a housing. The gas is removed from an outlet on the gas contacting side of the porous element at a reduced pressure compared to the pressure of the gas flowing into the inlet of the contactor. A liquid containing a portion of the gas transferred into the liquid is removed from an outlet on the liquid contacting side of the porous element, producing a dilute bubble free solution.

Abstract: A single dielectric barrier plasma actuator is disclosed which includes a pair of offset electrodes and a dielectric barrier therebetween which includes a catalyst at least in the area adjacent one of the electrodes for enhancing the force created in the background gas by the actuator.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system is described which provides stable flow rates over a range of different flow rates and while multiple fluids are being concurrently delivered. The delivery system includes one or more reservoirs each containing a respective fluid to be transferred. The reservoir(s) are positioned within a secondary fluid selected such that the reservoir(s) and their contents, i.e. the fluids to be transferred, float within the secondary fluid. One end of a flow conduit is submerged in each fluid to be transferred. A pressure differential is then induced in the flow conduit whereby fluid flow therein occurs.

Abstract: A method for reliably avoiding backflow in the transport of a liquid under pressure via a transport pipe (1), in which a shut-off device (2) with differential pressure switching is arranged, into a container (3) which is under pressure and which comprises the liquid to be transported and/or another liquid is proposed, wherein a pressure accumulator (4) which is filled with the liquid to be transported up to a certain level and above the liquid level, in direct contact with the liquid to be transported, with an inert gas is arranged in the transport pipe (1) upstream from the shut-off device (2) in the transport direction, the inert gas being provided in the pressure accumulator (4) under an excess pressure and in an amount relative to the container (3) to be filled which are designed so that, in the case of a drop in the pressure in the transport pipe (1), the inert gas ensures a positive pressure difference in the transport pipe (1) to the container (3) over a period which is at least as long as the reaction

Abstract: A nozzle system for mixing contents in a tank and scouring surfaces of debris and sediment is disclosed. The system is capable of use either below or above a tank's liquid content surface as well as being adaptable to flow channels and other surfaces which may become impeded with sediment and debris. The nozzle system includes at least one nozzle receiving fluid from a pump, and a splash plate positioned to deflect a discharged stream from the nozzle in a spread and downward direction. The number and positioning of additional nozzles in the system can be determined by mapping the discharge of each splash plate equipped nozzle and arranging for the desired area of coverage.

Abstract: The Dual Automatic Dryer and Washing Machine Protective Basin is a drip pan sized to fit both a washer and dryer, and to contain leakage from both appliances. The position of the washer and dryer can safely be swapped, and the pan can optionally be provided with an opening directly over a floor drain, which now need not be located under the washing machine. The front wall of the basin can be sized to clear a door or pedestal drawer; alternatively, the basin can have raised spots supporting the feet of the appliance or pedestal, so as to lift doors or drawers above the front wall.

Abstract: In an assembling structure of an actuator part of a chemical liquid valve, a cover is formed with a protrusion extending in a radial direction of a valve element, and a cylinder is formed with an engagement part engageable with the protrusion. A cover is placed to hold a spring in a compressed state in the cylinder and make a cap part cover an opening of the cylinder. The protrusion and the engagement part are engaged with each other to integrally connect the cylinder and the cover without separating from each other.

Abstract: A faucet handle assembly is described for replacing a handle on a faucet valve stem that is corroded, making it difficult or impossible to attach a replacement handle by traditional methods of a screw or nut. The assembly includes a hollow vertical body (1, FIG. 1) with a handle means (2) for turning the body clockwise or counterclockwise and a squeezing means (3) and tightening means (4) for clamping the lower end of the vertical body around a corroded valve stem (5) on the top end of the valve stem shaft (6). The assembly could also include a mostly vertical cut (7, FIG. 2) or cuts in the surface of the hollow body to allow the edges of the hollow body to overlap each other when clamped. The edges of the cuts could be beveled or angled (8) to allow for easier overlap.

Abstract: A hydronic system for heating and/or cooling fluid feed additives passing through a delivery line is disclosed. The system includes a hydronic heating system which will heat fluid passing through a closed loop radiant line which is closely positioned adjacent a portion of the delivery line extending between the fluid delivery system and the target destination. The system also includes a cooling system which will cool the fluid circulating through the radiant line to cool the delivery line and the fluid feed additive therein. The system of this invention prevents the fluid feed additive from freezing during the cold months and cools the same during warm months.

Abstract: A perforated plate (26) of a fluidized bed apparatus (1) includes a flanged upper perforated disk (31) formed by fixing a wire net (35) to a flange member (34), a disk-like lower perforated disk (32) having vents (32a), and a support flange (33) including a ring portion (36) and a sealing side wall (37) in which a perforated disk housing portion (39) is formed on the inside of the sealing side wall (37). The perforated plate (26) is connected to a raw-material-vessel container (7) through intermediation of a sealing material (41) held in close contact with an upper end portion (37a) of the side-wall portion (37). The perforated plate (26) is fit-inserted into the perforated disk housing portion (39), and outer peripheries of the upper perforated disk (31) and the lower perforated disk (32) are covered with an inner wall (37b) of the sealing side wall (37).

Abstract: An inlet conduit assembly for a hose reel assembly includes a clip assembly that is structured to be accessible from the outer side of the frame assembly. The clip assembly is structured to be operated without the use of tools. The clip assembly, essentially, prevents the inlet conduit assembly from being moved axially once installed. In this configuration, a user may quickly and easily actuate the clip assembly to release or engage the inlet conduit assembly. Thus, a user may quickly and easily remove the inlet conduit assembly.

Abstract: A valve box platform is disclosed. The valve box platform may include a peripheral wall having a receiving surface for receiving a valve box. The receiving surface may have an elevated peripheral surface that extends around an outer periphery of the receiving surface and a recessed peripheral surface that extends around an inner periphery of the receiving surface. A knockout portion may be positioned within the peripheral wall. The knockout portion may have a protruding portion that comprises a portion of the elevated peripheral surface of the peripheral wall. The peripheral wall may include a U-shaped recess having a rounded receiving portion, the U-shaped recess being aligned with the knockout portion.

Abstract: A control device has a control drive for operating a valve or some other apparatus, for example an adjustment device for the pitch angle of a wind rotor, by means of a control element. This control drive is associated with an emergency operating device, via which the control element can be reset in the event of a disturbance, essentially independently of the operation of the control drive. This emergency operating device has an energy store, whose stored energy can be released for resetting.

Abstract: A distributed control system for a vacuum sewer system comprising a suction pipe which is communicated with a vacuum source via a transport conduit (520) by opening a vacuum valve (530) using a solenoid valve is disclosed. The transport conduit is connected between the vacuum valve and a collection tank, with the collection tank having a vacuum source relative to atmospheric pressure applied thereto. The suction pipe is connected between the vacuum valve and a sewage sump, with the sewage sump have a source of sewage maintained at atmospheric pressure. Sewage (551) in the sump is sucked through the suction pipe and sent to the collection tank via the transport conduit by opening the vacuum valve. A transport conduit section is laid out in a sawtooth fashion, having in series transport conduit portions comprising a low-point conduit portion (522), a riser conduit portion (521), and a down-slope conduit portion (523).

Abstract: A buoyancy adjustment device utilizes an inflation valve connected between the diver's breathing gas supply and a compartment to admit gas into the compartment to increase the diver's buoyancy. An exhaust valve connects between the compartment and the outside of the vest, to release gas from the compartment to the surrounding environment to decrease the diver's buoyancy. A hand-operated controller connected to the inflation valve, when caused to move from a neutral position to an inflation position, actuates the inflation valve and admits gas to the compartment. The hand-operated controller is also connected to the exhaust valve via a flexible pushrod so that, when caused to move from the neutral position to an exhaust position, actuates the exhaust valve and releases gas from the compartment. The flexible push rod is housed in a sleeve that is totally contained within the compartment.

Abstract: A vacuum relief valve is provided. The vacuum relief valve includes a valve body, a filter, a valve stem, a valve seal, a valve seat and valve biasing structure. The valve body includes an interior, an inlet side and a tank side. The inlet side is located substantially opposite the tank side. The filter is located at the inlet side. The valve stem is positioned on the interior the valve body. The valve seal is positioned about the valve stem. The valve seat cooperates with the valve seal to seal the vacuum relief valve. The valve biasing structure is located between the valve seal and the tank side. The valve biasing structure is configured to bias the valve seal towards the valve seat.

Abstract: A pressure relief valve 1 having small dimensions and generating a high flow rate comprises an annular channel 15 between the pressure medium inlet 7 and the pressure medium outlet 8, the channel acting on a sealing cone 17 made of a special plastic material at the upper end of the closing unit 17 in case of pressure peaks such that the same is lifted out of the sealing seat 12 against the force of the valve spring 6. An embodiment is also possible in which the corresponding sealing rings 76, 80 must be passed over. The inner bore 9 of the pressure relief valve 1 has a stepped wall 21, so that a differential pressure relieving the valve spring 6 is generated.

Abstract: A non-magnetic latching servo actuated valve under the control of a controller comprising a motor in rotational communication with a lead screw. The lead screw advances or retracts a valve stem connected to a valve stem cap. The valve stem cap has a valve stem cap passage. A valve end cap having a valve seat is provided and receives the valve stem cap such that the valve stem cap can contact the valve seat. A pressure relief device or shuttle assembly is positioned internal to the valve stem cap. The shuttle assembly is used for venting build-up downstream pressure through the non-magnetic latching servo actuated valve outlet, through the valve stem cap passage, around the shuttle assembly, through passages, into a pressure chamber, and to the nonmagnetic latching servo actuated valve exit where the fluid vents until the system is in balance.

Abstract: A hydraulic circuit of an injection cylinder in a die-casting apparatus, which can achieve IN restriction and OUT restriction in a quickly switchable manner with a single circuit and which allows manufacturing of a high-quality molded product. The hydraulic circuit includes: a first pressure oil path supplying pressure oil to the injection cylinder; a second pressure oil path returning the pressure oil from the injection cylinder; a first flow control valve controlling a flow of the pressure oil through the first pressure oil path; a second flow control valve controlling a flow of the pressure oil through the second pressure oil path; a bypass pressure oil path connected to the second pressure oil path for bypassing the second flow control valve; a bypass on-off valve provided on the bypass pressure oil path and opening/closing the bypass pressure oil path with the pressure oil; and a controller controlling each valve.

Abstract: Cage valve, flow trim components and methods for reduced fracturing of flow trim. The valve is of the type having flow trim arranged across an inlet bore and aligned with an outlet bore, and including a stationary tubular cage and an external cylindrical flow collar slidable along the side wall of the cage to cover or uncover one or more flow ports in the cage side wall. The tubular cage is formed such that, at least in the ported portion in which the flow ports are formed, the cage includes a tubular outer cage member and a tubular inner cage member, the inner cage member and the outer cage member being formed from a tungsten carbide material, being concentrically aligned, having a length to span at least the ported portion, and being joined together by bonding at an interface formed between the inner cage member and the outer cage member.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an end connector for fluid communication with a valve. The end connector includes a fitting body and a lock ring for engagement and disengagement therewith. A nut is provided for securing the fitting body to the valve, and hook and chain assembly is provided for securing an eyehole of the lock ring to an end fitting, such as a cap, which is received at an end of the connector opposite the valve. In some aspects, the fitting body includes radially extending lugs, and the lock ring includes radially extending notches corresponding to the lugs. The lock ring, in a first rotational position, is configured to abut against the lugs to inhibit inadvertent removal of the lock ring. The lock ring, in a second rotational position, is configured to have the lugs in alignment with the notches, such that the lock ring can be removed.

Abstract: An air pump includes a sliding member disposed movably a housing and cooperating with the housing and a partition casing in the housing to define first and second chambers thereamong. The air pump is operable between a deflation state, where air from an inflatable product connected to an air nozzle on the housing into an air impeller chamber in the partition casing through the first chamber and an air inlet in the partition casing is driven by rotation of an air impeller to flow outside the air pump through an air outlet in the partition casing, the second chamber and an first vent unit in housing, and an inflation state, where air flowing from the outside into the air impeller chamber through a second vent unit in the sliding member, an air pipe of the sliding member and the air inlet is driven to flow into the inflatable product through the air outlet, the first chamber and the air nozzle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a directional flow-controlled air duct having a pliable wall and a plurality of openings for discharging air through the openings.

Abstract: A sealing plug for a hollow shaft used to impart a rotational speed, the hollow shaft including a first end adapted to be located in a chamber containing lubricant, and a second end adapted to be located outside the chamber. The sealing plug has a substantially cylindrical surface, a first face and a second face for insertion into the first end of the hollow shaft. The plug also includes a cavity that is open at the second face and a first radial duct opening, at one of its ends, at the cavity and, at its opposite end, at the substantially cylindrical surface of the sealing plug. The device is applied particularly in the field of turbomachines equipped with an open rotor.

Abstract: A tubing assembly is provided that can comprise a plurality of tubes or lumens that can be disposed within a head of a peristaltic pump. The tubing assembly can provide a flow rate or volume capacity that is generally equal to or greater than that achieved with a comparable prior art tube while operating at higher pressures than that possible using the prior art tube. Further, in accordance with some embodiments, the tubing assembly can achieve a longer working life than a comparable prior art tube, and the load on the pump motor can be reduced such that the pump life is increased and/or a larger pump motor is not required to achieve such advantageous results.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tapping channel (1) for draining iron and metal melts and liquid slags from metallurgical containers such as blast furnaces (2) and melt furnaces. The tapping channel (1) is formed by an outer pipe (3) and an inner pipe (4) disposed therein in an axially displaceable manner, wherein the outer pipe (3) is rigidly connected to the refractory lining (5) of the furnace (2) and wherein both pipes (3, 4) comprise a highly refractory material.

Abstract: An insulator having an inner surface for covering an exhaust system of an internal-combustion engine includes a cover member having a surface, a joint member formed on the surface of the cover member, and a mat member made of material including at least one of ceramic fibers and glass fibers, the mat member being attached to the cover member through binding of the fibers to the joint member, and the mat member being exposed to form the inner surface.

Abstract: A woven fabric, especially a jeans fabric, with a ground fabric (140) and a laid-in selvedge (135) is produced. In this regard, the end sections (138) of the weft threads (137) are folded over at the edge (147) of the woven fabric and are again guided back into the woven fabric. Thereby the ends (139) of the weft thread end sections (138) can be dispersed over a range a and cause optical disturbance. A field (144) with alphanumeric characters, logos or at least one color is woven into the laid-in selvedge (135). The field (144) serves for advertising purposes and makes the ends (139) of the weft thread end sections (138) completely or substantially invisible, in that the ends (139) are covered in a weave-technical manner on the top side and the bottom side of the woven fabric, or are given the same color as the warp threads (109 to 117) in the area of the field (144).

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a tank filler neck which comprises a housing, in which at least one flow aid and a head part are arranged. The flow aid and the head part, which may be designed with a screw thread, are connected to form an insert, which by insertion in the housing can be connected thereto, a flap comprising a grounding lug being connectable to the head part.

Abstract: A cable attachment has a body and a plunger. During installation, a filling material binds the cable to the attachment.

Abstract: A kit for repairing and inflating inflatable articles has a compressor assembly; a sealing fluid canister assembly connectable fluidically to the compressor assembly; a pressure sensor connected to the compressor assembly; a display device for displaying a pressure signal generated by the pressure sensor; and control means connected between the pressure sensor and the display device, and designed to cut off the signal to the display device for a predetermined time interval.

Abstract: A method for controlling the operation of an aseptic product filling machine includes the steps of performing a pre-production test procedure during a pre-production phase in which at least a set of subcritical control parameters are measured, diagnosed and stored, checking if those subcritical control parameters are within their range, starting a production phase if all of the subcritical control parameters are indeed within their range, and measuring, diagnosing and storing a set of supercritical control parameters and not the subcritical control parameters during the production phase.

Abstract: sealing fluid container assembly (3), connectable to a compressor assembly and to a control circuit of the compressor assembly, has a connecting unit (25) defining a releasable connection to the compressor assembly; and a connecting device (12) for injecting sealing fluid into an inflatable article, and which cooperates releasably with a valve (V) of the inflatable article. More specifically, the container assembly (3) has a sensor carried by the connecting device (12); and at least one electric contact (33) connected to the sensor (12) and cooperating with an electric terminal (24) to transmit a signal from the sensor (12) to the control device when the connecting device (12) is connected to the valve (V); the sensor (12) having a first and a second terminal (40, 39) designed to be short-circuited directly by the valve (V).

Abstract: A gouging machine for cane includes: (a) a base; (b) a cane bed, having a trough disposed parallel to a bottom surface of the cane bed, and having grooves on opposing sides thereof that slope at a groove angle with respect to the bottom surface of the cane bed, the cane bed being affixed to the base so that the trough is parallel to a top surface of the base and to a predetermined line; and (c) clamps, disposed on the opposing sides of the cane bed, each clamp having a tongue that slopes at the groove angle with respect to a clamping surface thereof, which clamping surface is adapted to grip edges of cane placed in the trough of the cane bed, and wherein the tongues of the clamps slidably engage the grooves of the cane bed so that the clamping surface of the clamps are parallel to a bottom of the trough.

Abstract: A filiere for trimming cane includes: (a) a body having a trough extending inward from a flat surface; (b) a blade fastened to the body so that a cutting edge extends across the trough; (c) a hold-down mechanism positioned proximate to the blade; and (d) a force application mechanism in contact with the hold-down mechanism which causes the hold-down mechanism to press edges and a center of the cane against the trough proximate the cutting edge.

Abstract: A veneer slicer includes a knife, a flitch table for supporting a flitch for movement relative to the knife to slice veneer from the flitch, a flitch table support for movably supporting the flitch table, and at least one of a fluid motor and an electric motor coupled between the flitch table and the flitch table support for moving the flitch table relative to the knife more slowly during one part of the cutting stroke and more rapidly during another part of the cutting stroke.

Abstract: A method for treating a Zr-alloy fuel bundle material in a nuclear reactor includes treating a surface of the Zr-alloy fuel bundle material with a laser beam generated by a solid-state laser, and a nuclear reactor including a treated Zr-alloy fuel bundle material. This may reduce the generation of shadow corrosion and/or reduce the propensity for interference between control blade and fuel channel during operation of the nuclear reactor.

Abstract: A tinned steel sheet includes an Sn-containing plating layer disposed on at least one surface of a steel sheet and in which mass per unit area of Sn is 0.05 to 20 g/m2; a first chemical conversion coating disposed on the Sn-containing plating layer and contains P and Sn, and in which mass per unit area of P is 0.3 to 10 mg/m2; a second chemical conversion coating disposed on the first chemical conversion coating and contains P and Al, and in which mass per unit area of P is 1.2 to 10 mg/m2 and mass per unit area of Al is 0.24 to 8.7 mg/m2; and a silane coupling agent-treating layer formed with the silane coupling agent disposed on the second chemical conversion coating and has a mass per unit area of Si of 0.10 to 100 mg/m2.

Abstract: A method for the treatment or pre-treatment of surfaces of metal objects by means of an acidic, aqueous solution containing zinc and phosphate. The phosphating solution contains between 0.1-10 g/L, zinc, 4-50 g/L phosphate calculated as PO4, between 0.03-3 g/L, of at least one guanidine compound comprising at least one nitro group calculated as nitroguanidine, and between 0.001-0.9 g/L hydrogen peroxide and has a temperature of less than 80° C. The corresponding acidic, aqueous composition and finished products are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing oriented Si steel containing Cu with high electric-magnetic property comprises: hot rolling slab; after first cold rolling, heating it to 800° C. or higher temperature and performing intermediate decarburization annealing in a protective atmosphere with PH2O/PH2 of 0.50˜0.88 for 3-8 minutes, to decrease carbon content of the steel plate to less than 30 ppm; then peening and acid-pickling to remove oxide of Fe on surface and to control oxygen content to lower than 500 ppm; secondary cold rolling to final thickness and coating separation agent in water-slurry form; drying to decrease water content to lower than 1.5%; high-temperature annealing in a protective atmosphere containing hydrogen with oxidation degree (PH2O/PH2) of 0.0001-0.2; finally applying a tension coating and leveling tension annealing.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of a method for increasing the strength and toughness of a titanium alloy include plastically deforming a titanium alloy at a temperature in an alpha-beta phase field of the titanium alloy to an equivalent plastic deformation of at least a 25% reduction in area. After plastically deforming the titanium alloy in the alpha-beta phase field, the titanium alloy is not heated to or above the beta transus temperature of the titanium alloy. After plastic deformation, the titanium alloy is heat treated at a heat treatment temperature less than or equal to the beta transus temperature minus 20° F. (11.1° C.).