Abstract: An exemplary steam plant having a steam circuit which includes a superheater defining a boundary between a superheated steam region and an unsuperheated steam region. The steam circuit includes a branch, from a superheated steam region of the steam circuit, with a branch valve and a steam desuperheater upstream of the branch valve. The desuperheater provides cooling to the branch during flow mode operation of the branch. During a no flow mode, a first preheat line and a second preheat line provide the cooling by supplying unsuperheated steam to the branch and directing this flow through to a lower pressure region of the steam circuit.

Abstract: It is intended to effectively cool a dummy ring and a rotor disposed on the inner side of the dummy ring of a single-flow turbine and to suppress a decrease in thermal efficiency by preventing main steam from leaking to the dummy ring side. A cooling steam supply pipe 32 is provided in the dummy ring 26 of the single-flow turbine 10A and extraction steam of a boiler at 570° C. or below is supplied to a clearance c between the dummy ring 26 and the turbine rotor 12 as cooling steam S4. The cooling steam S4 has lower temperature and higher pressure than leak steam S2 which is a portion of the main steam S1 leaking to the dummy ring 26 side. By supplying the cooling steam S4, the leak steam S2 is prevented from entering the dummy ring 26 side and the dummy ring 26, a welding part w and a second rotor part 12b with low heat resistance that are disposed on the inner side of the dummy ring 26 can be cooled.

Abstract: A method for tracking the deterioration of the insulators in a rotating machine, a method for preventive maintenance of these machines using this tracking and devices using the tracking method is presented.

Abstract: The invention relates to producing liquid hydro carbonaceous product (1) from solid biomass (2). In the invention solid biomass (2) is gasified in a gasifier (6) to produce raw synthesis gas (3). The raw synthesis gas (3) is conditioned to purify the raw synthesis gas (3) to obtain purified synthesis gas (4), the conditioning comprising lowering the temperature of the raw synthesis gas (3) in a cooler (19) producing saturated steam (51). Then the purified gas (4) is subjected to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor (5) to produce liquid hydro carbonaceous product (1). In the invention the saturated steam (51) produced by the cooler (19) is further superheated in a superheating boiler (50) for producing superheated steam (52).

Abstract: A waste heat recovery plant control system includes a programmable controller configured to generate expander speed control signals, expander inlet guide vane pitch control signals, fan speed control signals, pump speed control signals, and valve position control signals in response to an algorithmic optimization software to substantially maximize power output or efficiency of a waste heat recovery plant based on organic Rankine cycles, during mismatching temperature levels of external heat source(s), during changing heat loads coming from the heat sources, and during changing ambient conditions and working fluid properties. The waste heat recovery plant control system substantially maximizes power output or efficiency of the waste heat recovery plant during changing/mismatching heat loads coming from the external heat source(s) such as the changing amount of heat coming along with engine jacket water and its corresponding exhaust in response to changing engine power.

Abstract: Device for improving the production of heat by cogeneration comprising a hot source producing steam which is expanded in a turbine the exhaust of which is connected to an air condenser (4) which removes heat, and comprising at least one second auxiliary condenser (5) in the form of a water condenser, the cooling liquid of this water condenser (5) being directed to a plant or equipment (B) in which its heat is extracted and used, then the liquid is returned to the water condenser; the water condenser (5) is incorporated into the air condenser (4).

Abstract: A method for operating a power plant is disclosed. The power plant includes a power machine and a flue gas flow path following downstream of the power machine. A flue gas flow path is scavenged with fresh air before the flue gas flow path is acted upon with flue gas. To carry out the scavenging operation, air is extracted from a pressure accumulator and the air is introduced into the flue gas flow path downstream of the power machine. The power machine can be an exhaust gas heat exchanger.

Abstract: An article comprises a substrate and a coating disposed over the substrate, wherein the coating comprises a monoclinic silicate phase that undergoes no solid state phase transformation reaction in the temperature range from about 1100 degrees Celsius to about 1275 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: An arrangement (10) for conveying combustion gas from a plurality of can annular combustors to a turbine first stage blade section of a gas turbine engine, the arrangement (10) including a plurality of interconnected integrated exit piece (IEP) sections (16) defining an annular chamber (18) oriented concentric to a gas turbine engine longitudinal axis (20) upstream of the turbine first stage blade section. Each respective IEP (16) includes a first flow path section (40) receiving and fully bounding a first flow from a respective can annular combustor along a respective common axis (22) there between, and delivering a partially bounded first flow to a downstream adjacent IEP section (42). Each respective IEP further includes a second flow path section (112) receiving a partially bounded second flow from an upstream adjacent IEP (66) and delivering at least part of the second flow to the turbine first stage blade section.

Abstract: A burner arrangement is provided. The burner arrangement includes a support as well as at least two fuel nozzles, with fuel nozzle tips, attached to the support in the direction of flow and a gas feed system to the fuel nozzle tips extending through the support. Each fuel nozzle includes a support-side section which on the support side includes a contact surface with which the fuel nozzle rests on a supporting surface of the support, at least two fuel nozzle tips formed in one piece running from the support-side section in the direction of flow, the gas feed system including at least one gas feed line and its lead-through through the support, the lead-through being embodied as a fit.

Abstract: An annular fluid distribution device (20) for distributing fluid into a gaseous flow (14), that includes: a first fluid distribution manifold (30) having a first fluid inlet and first fluid outlets (24), wherein the first fluid outlets inject a first fluid into the gaseous flow; and a second fluid distribution manifold (32), having a second fluid inlet and second fluid outlets (26), wherein the second fluid outlets inject a second fluid into the gaseous flow. The second fluid manifold is isolated from the first fluid distribution manifold, and the first fluid outlets and the second fluid outlets are disposed on a common fluid outlet plane (43).

Abstract: A burner arrangement is provided. The burner arrangement includes a support and at least two fuel nozzles attached to the support in the direction of flow, with each fuel nozzle including a support-side section which includes a contact surface on the support side with which it rests on a supporting surface of the support, with at least two fuel nozzle tips embodied in one piece extending out from the support-side section in the direction of flow and the support-side contact surface including at least two extension parts projecting in the direction of the support, with the extension parts each embodying a channel through which fuel is fed in each case to the fuel nozzle tips through passages which are arranged in the support-side contact surface of the support-side section.

Abstract: A combustor liner with an input end and an output end includes an annular inner wall and an annular outer wall. At least one of the inner wall and outer wall is three-dimensionally contoured. The inner wall and the outer wall form a combustion chamber with the contours creating alternating expanding and constricting regions inside the chamber causing combustion gases to flow in the circumferential and axial directions.

Abstract: A combustor liner for a combustor of a turbine engine includes a single-walled generally cylindrical liner that extends from a head end to an aft end. A venturi is formed on the combustor liner at a location between the head and aft ends. The venturi is formed by first and second straight portions of the combustor liner that angle inward to form a reduced diameter portion. The combustor liner may also include an air deflector to deflect air down onto the exterior of the reduced diameter portion of the single-walled combustor liner. The combustor liner may also include dilution holes, and turbulator rings.

Abstract: A jet engine exhaust nozzle flow effector is a chevron formed with a radius of curvature with surfaces of the flow effector being defined and opposing one another. At least one shape memory alloy (SMA) member is embedded in the chevron closer to one of the chevron's opposing surfaces and substantially spanning from at least a portion of the chevron's root to the chevron's tip.

Abstract: A power generation system (100) and a method of generating power. In one embodiment of the system shown in FIG. 1, a gasification subsystem (1) is configured to convert a carbonaceous fuel to fuel suitable for combustion in a gas turbine (48). A first power generation cycle (2) includes the gas turbine (48) coupled to receive fuel from a gasifier (24). A first Rankine cycle (3) is coupled to receive thermal energy from at least the first power generation cycle (2) and generate power with a first vapor turbine (58). A second Rankine cycle (4) is coupled to receive thermal energy from the gasification subsystem (1) or the first power generation cycle (2) and generate power with a second vapor turbine (82). In an associated method, syngas (26) is generated and processed to remove components therein. Power is generated in a first turbine (48) with the processed syngas (33). Power is generated in a second turbine (58) with heat recovered from exhaust produced by the first turbine (48).

Abstract: Disclosed are a control method and a control device for an exhaust heat recovery system which are capable of preventing an onboard supply power outage in response to a sharp change in the load of the main drive machine.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system for a combustion turbine engine, comprising: a fuel line having a fuel compressor and parallel branches downstream of the fuel compressor: a cold branch that includes an after-cooler; and a hot branch that bypasses the after-cooler; a rapid heating value meter configured to measure the heating value of the fuel from the fuel source and transmit heating value data relating to the measurements; means for controlling the amount of fuel being directed through the cold branch and the amount of fuel being directed through the hot branch; and a fuel-mixing junction at which the cold branch and the hot branch converge; wherein the fuel-mixing junction resides in close proximity to a combustor gas control valve.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for generating “clean” electricity from carbonaceous material, and producing high-pressure CO2 which can be easily sequestered or utilized for a beneficial purpose, such as fuel production. This method utilizes a reformation process that reforms carbonaceous fuel with superheated steam into a high-pressure gaseous mixture that is rich in carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. This high-pressure gas exchanges excess heat with the incoming steam from a boiler. Once cooled, the high-pressure gas goes through a CO2 separator, after which the CO2-rich gas is sequestered underground or beneficially re-used. The remaining hydrogen-rich gas is used to generate power in a power generation subsystem, such as a gas turbine or a fuel cell. Therefore, carbon-free power is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, or another carbon-based feedstock.

Abstract: An assembly and method for providing buffer air and/or ventilation air within a gas turbine engine, the assembly includes an accessory gearbox and a centrifugal compressor. The accessory gearbox is connected to a driven shaft of the gas turbine engine. The centrifugal compressor is driven by the accessory gearbox during operation of the gas turbine engine to receive and compress a bleed air to produce the buffer air and/or the ventilation air. The buffer air and/or the ventilation air is communicated within the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an annular combustion chamber of a turbomachine, the system comprising support means for supporting and centering a fuel injector head, and a bowl arranged downstream from the support means and including at its downstream end an annular collar that extends radially outwards and that is cooled by air impacting against its upstream radial surface, and including on said surface means for disturbing the flow of cooling air and for increasing the heat exchange area between the air and the collar.

Abstract: A cooling rack structure includes a cooling plate (1), a temperature conductor (2), a centrifugal fan (3), a cooling body (4) and a thermoelectric cooling component (5). A temperature-super-conducting component (13) is disposed on an inner surface (11) of the cooling plate (1). The temperature conductor (2) is arranged on the temperature-super-conducting component (13). In addition, a heat-exhausting hole (120) is arranged on an upper side of the cooling plate (1). The centrifugal fan (3) is disposed between the temperature conductor (2) and the heat-exhausting hole (120) while the cooling body (4) is disposed between the fan (3) and the heat-exhausting hole (120). A hot side face (501) of the thermoelectric cooling component (5) closely contacts the cooling body (4) while a cold side face (500) is arranged on the temperature-super-conducting component (13).

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the temperature of an electrical device is described. The system includes a heat sink system in conjunction with a thermoelectric assembly. The systems and methods are particularly suitable in NEMA-4 electrical enclosures used in electrical submersible pump applications.

Abstract: This disclosure presents a stackable, multicompartment portable cooler with enhanced climate control and delivery features. The cooler may include adjustable vents for precisely controlling the temperature differential between adjacent compartments, a brochure receptor for including information about the delivery, and/or an automatic delivery flag for notification purposes. In addition, the cooler is modular and may be assembled/disassembled through the use of removable compartment dividers that subdivide the stacked main compartments into many subcompartments.

Abstract: A heat pump system, the operation of which is controlled using a temperature difference between a water inlet and a water outlet of a heat exchanger, exchanging heat between a refrigerant and water, and a control method thereof. The heat pump system includes temperature sensors installed on a water circulation pipe unit at water inlet and outlet sides of a heat exchanger, and heats a load to a set temperature by controlling a compressor or an expander according to a difference between temperatures sensed by the temperature sensors. Here, a temperature of water transmitted to the load is set to be greater than a target load temperature by a reference value, and if the temperature difference is smaller than a designated value, the operation of the heat pump system is stopped.

Abstract: A heat pump system operable in a cooling mode, a heating mode and a defrost mode includes a refrigerant compressor (20), a reversing valve (30), a first heat exchanger (40) and a second heat exchanger (50) disposed in a refrigerant circuit, and a primary expansion valve (45) disposed in the refrigerant circuit between said first heat exchanger (40) and said second heat exchanger (50); said reversing valve (30) is positionable in a first position for operation of said heat pump system in the cooling mode or defrost mode and is positionable in a second position for operation of said heat pump system in the heating mode; a refrigerant bypass circuit establishes a refrigerant flow path from the refrigerant circuit at a first location upstream of said primary expansion valve (45) and downstream of said first heat exchanger (40) with respect to refrigerant flow in the defrost mode to a liquid reservoir (70) disposed in the refrigerant circuit at a second location downstream of said primary expansion valve (45) with

Abstract: Modernized refrigeration cycle includes two consecutive expansions with two expansion devices and two condensers, wherein the first condenser liquefies refrigerant after compressor and the second condenser liquefies refrigerant after the first expansion device. The cooling medium for the second condenser is either air to be conditioned in the refrigeration system or another available medium. Invention presents sealed systems of air conditioners, dehumidifiers and heat pumps operating per aforementioned refrigeration cycle that allows enhanced dehumidification with efficiency improvement in cooling mode and heating capacity and efficiency increase in heating mode.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions comprising a refrigerant and at least one ionic compound and/or non-ionic absorbent, and also to devices capable of executing an absorption cycle using such compositions as a refrigerant pair. This invention also provides methods and apparatus for cooling using an absorption cycle comprising a refrigerant, and at least one ionic compound and/or non-ionic absorbent as the absorbent.

Abstract: There is described a food cooling appliance (1) having an outer casing (2) extending along a vertical reference axis (A); a food cooling chamber (3) housed inside the outer casing (2) and of a given length (L1) measured along the reference axis; at least one food-supporting shelf (5) positioned firmly, m but in easily removable manner, inside the cooling chamber; a primary inductor (8) extending in a direction parallel to the reference axis, and of a length (L2) substantially equal or less than the length of the cooling chamber; one or more light-emitting units (18) located along an outer peripheral edge of the shelf and coplanar with the shelf; and at least on secondary inductor (9) housed in the shelf to supply the light-emitting diodes (18) with electric current.

Abstract: A heating system with recovery of waste water heat, of the type comprising a heat pump, a waste water holding vat comprising a casing defining an internal space for holding the waste water; and a heat exchanger to recover calories in the holding vat and use them in the heat pump. The holding vat comprises at least one baffle extending in the holding space and dividing the holding vat into a plurality of compartments and defining, with the casing, a waste water flow path that bypasses the baffles and passes into the compartments, the heat exchanger being positioned so as to recover calories in at least two compartments.

Abstract: To prevent the decline in the volumetric efficiency and the decline in the performance of the heat pump having the reciprocating compressor integrated therein by decreasing the temperature of discharge gas in the reciprocating compressor with a simple construction, a heat pump unit 1 constituting a heat pump cycle in which the reciprocating compressor 3, a condenser 5, an expansion valve 7 and an evaporator 8 are interposed in a refrigerant circulating path 2, comprises a refrigerant-liquid returning path 9 for returning a portion of the refrigerant liquid having been condensed by the condenser 5 to a discharge chamber provided in a cylinder top assembly 20 of the reciprocating compressor 3 so that a portion of the refrigerant liquid is supplied to the discharge chamber 36 via the refrigerant-liquid returning path 9 and a discharge gas passageway 36a is cooled by evaporative latent heat of the refrigerant liquid.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a freezer compartment and a fresh food compartment which includes an ice chamber. The ice chamber includes an ice maker which includes a first heat exchanger for producing ice. The ice chamber further includes an ice container, a second heat exchanger, an air moving apparatus, and an enclosed loop passageway. The ice container is for storing ice produced by the ice maker and includes an exterior surface. The second heat exchanger is for controlling temperature at the ice container. The passageway forms an air flow path such that air travels in thermal contact with the second heat exchanger. The air moving apparatus is positioned to move air through the passageway.

Abstract: Disclosed therein is a hot and cold water dispenser, which includes cooling means or heating means for cooling or heating water. The hot and cold water dispenser includes: a feed pipe having a flow path formed therein for allowing a flow of water; and a temperature control pipe disposed inside or outside of the feed pipe along a longitudinal direction of the feed pipe, the temperature control pipe having a space for receiving the cooling means or the heating means therein to cool or heat water flowing through the feed pipe by means of the cooling means or the heating means.

Abstract: A barrel type cooler having an open top cylindrical icing chamber an open bottom cylindrical lid slidably that fits over the icing chamber. The icing chamber includes hooks and the lid includes slots, each slot configured to receive a hook and having an open bottom allowing the lid to be removed from engagement with the icing chamber. Each slot has a length sufficient to allow the lid to slide over the icing chamber to a closed position. In addition, each slot includes a side channel configured to engage a corresponding hook to support the lid in a raised position. The side of the top has ingress openings allowing a user to reach through the side of the lid and into the icing chamber when the lid is supported by the icing chamber in the raised position.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes tubes and an inlet manifold to direct a first fluid into the tubes at a third direction. Heat is exchanged between the first fluid and a second fluid in the tubes. The heat exchanger also includes a distributor tube located within the inlet manifold. The distributor tube includes a short tube including a plurality of first orifices that direct the first fluid into the inlet manifold at a first direction, and a long tube including a plurality of second orifices that direct the first fluid into the inlet manifold at a second direction.

Abstract: To obtain a refrigerating cycle apparatus that reduces a pressure loss at the time of a normal operation in which an ejector is bypassed to improve refrigeration cycle performance. A second throttle apparatus is installed on piping path between the outlet of a condenser, which is a radiator, and the outlet of a first throttle device. A check valve is installed on piping path between a gas refrigerant suction section of the ejector and the outlet of the ejector.

Abstract: A raw material recovery method for recovering a raw material of an organic metallic compound, which has the property of being stable toward a specific refrigerant without being decomposed thereby, from exhaust gas discharged from a treatment container in which a metallic thin film is formed on the surface of an object to be treated by using source gas obtained by vaporizing the raw material is characterized by being provided with a solidification step for solidifying the unreacted source gas by cooling the exhaust gas by bringing the exhaust gas into contact with the refrigerant and reprecipitating the raw material, and a recovery step for separating and recovering the raw material reprecipitated in the solidification step from the refrigerant. To provide a method for controlling an exhaust gas flow rate so that flow of gas in a processing chamber becomes uniform.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for removing a contaminant, such as carbon dioxide, from a gas stream, such as ambient air. The contaminant is removed from the gas stream by a sorbent, which is regenerated in a regeneration unit either by utilizing a thermal swing or a humidity swing or a combination thereof. Heat is conserved in the present disclosure by employing a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the regenerated sorbent to an amount of sorbent that is loaded with the contaminant prior to regeneration. The heat exchanger may employ water or another fluid as a refrigerant to draw heat from the regenerated sorbent and transferring that heat to the loaded sorbent.

Abstract: A method and system for producing liquefied and sub-cooled natural gas by means of a refrigeration assembly using a single phase gaseous refrigerant comprising: at least two expanders (1-3); a compressor assembly (5-7); a heat exchanger assembly (8) for heat absorption from natural gas; and a heat rejection assembly (10-12). The novel features according to the present invention are arranging the expanders (1-3) in expander loops; using only one and the same refrigerant in all loops; passing an expanded refrigerant flow from the respective expander into the heat exchanger assembly (8), each being at a mass flow and temperature level adapted to de-superheating, condensation or cooling of dense phase and/or sub-cooling of natural gas; and serving the refrigerant to the respective expander in a compressed flow by means of the compressor assembly having compressors or compressor stages enabling adapted inlet and outlet pressures for the respective expander.

Abstract: A process for separating a synthesis gas stream into a hydrogen (H2) rich vapour stream and a liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) stream in a CO2 condensation plant comprising the steps of: (A) feeding a synthesis gas stream having a pressure in the range of 10 to 120 barg to a compression system of the CO2 condensation plant thereby increasing its pressure to 150 to 400 barg and cooling the resulting high pressure (HP) synthesis gas against an external coolant to remove at least part of the heat of compression; (B) cooling the HP synthesis gas stream to a temperature in the range of ?15 to ?55° C.

Abstract: Acid gas is removed from a feed gas using a physical solvent that is regenerated using successive flashing stages after heating of the rich solvent using low-level waste heat that is preferably produced or available within the acid gas removal plant. Especially preferred waste heat sources include compressor discharges of the refrigeration system and/or recompression system for CO2, and/or (low level) heat content from the feed gas.

Abstract: A jewelry piece is formed with a jewelry body made of epoxy material, defining an outer surface and cast in the shape of a piece of jewelry in the form of a ring, pendant, earring, brooch, bracelet, anklet, necklace, and the like. The epoxy has a material density approximating that of gold and the decorative metal layer made of precious metal is affixed to the outer surface of the jewelry body in a thickness greater than 0.125 ?m. The decorative body may be surface mounted to the jewelry or it may be inlaid or affixed in other similar fashion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a jewellery assembly made up of at least three parts, especially a ring and a pair of earrings, which can be connected together to create, for example, a single stable geometrical shape using separate connection means. For this purpose, a jewellery assembly (1) according to the invention is of the type that comprises at least three parts forming a matching set, in which a ring (10) has a body (14) with a through hole (11) and two earrings (20, 30) both have ornamental portions (21), means of attachment (23) to the earlobes and cylindrical intermediate portions (22) between said attachment means (23) and said ornamental portions (22) to allow insertion into the hole (11) in said ring (10), said assembly being characterized in that it comprises a joining means comprising at least one annulus for connecting the earrings (20, 30) to said ring (10).

Abstract: A jewelry article with a gem invertedly set therein. A cut gem having a top and a bottom is set into the jewelry article in an inverted position such that the bottom of the cut gem faces out to be viewed when a user wears the jewelry article. The jewelry article may further comprise a plurality of cut gems and a center gem. The cut gems are invertedly set into the jewelry article and arranged around the center gem such that the jewelry article has a substantially star shape when the jewelry article is viewed from above.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing quartz glass using a main burner having a multi-tube assembly having a center tube, a first enclosure tube surrounding the center tube, a second enclosure tube surrounding the first enclosure tube, a tubular shell surrounding the multi-tube assembly, and a plurality of nozzles disposed within the tubular shell, a double-tube assembly surrounding at least a forward opening of the main burner includes feeding silica-forming compound to the center tube, a combustion-supporting gas to the first enclosure tube and the nozzles, a combustible gas to the second enclosure tube and the tubular shell, and a combustion-supporting gas to the double-tube assembly, forming oxyhydrogen flame for hydrolyzing or decomposing the silica-forming compound to form silica, depositing the silica on the target, and melting and vitrifying the deposited silica into quartz glass.

Abstract: Green glass content of mixed color glass cullet is selectively decolorized by using copper oxide and is used as an input component in a conventional glass production process. To determine how much copper oxide to add, the weight percent of green glass in the provided glass cullet supply is determined and an effective amount of copper oxide to, at least partially, decolorize the green glass is determined wherein an effective amount is determined using a non-linear inverse prediction model between the weight percent of green glass or chromium and/or iron content and the copper oxide. The amount of copper oxide is thus non-linearly adjusted for increasing levels of green glass in the glass batch. To compensate for the darkening of the glass by the additional copper oxide, the redox of the glass may be made slightly less reducing as the amount of chrome and copper is increased.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing at least one lens of synthetic quartz glass with increased H2 content for an optical system with an operating wavelength of less than 250 nm.

Abstract: A sealing apparatus for use in conveying molten glass from a first vessel to a second vessel, wherein at least a portion of the first vessel is nested within the second vessel without contact between the first and second vessels, and a flexible member comprising a gas-tight seal separates an atmosphere enclosed by the sealing apparatus and an ambient atmosphere. The sealing apparatus is useful for flexibly sealing a non-contact joint between conduits for supplying molten glass to a forming body.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a float glass by floating the glass on a molten tin that is contained in a molten tin bath, which includes the steps of a) discharging a portion of the molten tin in the molten tin bath to the outside of the molten tin bath; b) removing oxygen dissolved in the molten tin that is discharged from the molten tin bath by injecting an oxygen stripping gas that contains hydrogen into the molten tin; and c) returning the molten tin from which oxygen is removed to the molten tin bath, and an apparatus for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A front loading washing machine including a housing; a water reservoir installed in the housing for containing washing water; a spin tub provided in the water reservoir to hold laundry to be washed, the spin tub having an annular recess and rotating with respect to a horizontal axis of the washing machine; and at least one balancer installed in the annular recess of the spin tub, the balancer comprising an annular shaped race formed of a plastic material.