Abstract: Waste burning means, gas treating means in communication with said waste burning means and gas separating means in communication with said gas treating means and waste burning means, said waste burning means includes a burning chamber and pressurized pyrolysis chamber, wherein burning chamber is being made such that it is capable of burning completely organic wastes thereof, whereby gas products of combustion are produced, and said pyrolysis chamber being made such that it is capable of converting plastic wastes into synthesis gases through utilization of heat from the burning chamber, heat exchanging means disposed within the burning chamber being arranged in a manner wherein water from a water source is capable of conversion into steam thereof through utilization of heat in the burning chamber, said gas treating means includes a secondary treatment chamber in communication with the burning chamber, wherein high temperature gas products of combustion coming from the burning chamber is capable of mixing with

Abstract: An air preheater 100 is described having an air damper assembly 162 that partially restricts an air inlet 130 and a flue gas damper assembly 152 that partially restricts flue gas inlet 124 during periods of reduced boiler load. Restricting the flue gas inlet 124 reduces the effective surface area of the preheater causing more heat to pass to the cold end of the air preheater 100, reducing acid condensation and fouling. Restricting the gas inlet 124, increases gas velocity, thereby eroding accumulations in the air preheater 100, also reducing fouling. Restricting the air inlet 130 reduces the effective heat transfer surface area of the air preheater, which raises the gas temperature in the cold end of the air preheater and thereby reduces acid condensation and fouling.

Abstract: A reversible jamb block for a furnace, oven or kiln, having an attachment side adapted to removably attach to the first side of a doorway for the furnace, oven or kiln, and adapted to removably attach to the second side of the doorway, such that one face of the jamb block is directed away from the furnace when the attachment side of the jamb block is attached to the first side of the doorway, and a second face opposite the first face, is directed away from the furnace when the attachment side of the jamb block is attached to the second side of the doorway.

Abstract: A seed sensor system determines the position of the seed relative to the seed tube as the seed passes the sensor. The position of the seed as well as the speed of the planter and the position of the seed tube above the planting furrow are used to calculate trajectory of the seed into the furrow from which the seed spacing is predicated. By sensing the seed in both X and Y directions in the seed tube, the sensor is better able to determine multiple seeds as well providing more precision to the seed population.

Abstract: A feeder movement compensation algorithm for use within a processor controlled sewing machine. The sewing machine configured with a reciprocating needle and thread, and including a stitch plate upon which fabric to be sewn is positioned beneath the needle and thread. The machine also includes a feeder mechanism driving a feed dog thru a movement. The feed dog movement pushes the fabric along the stitch plate and the reciprocating needle and thread form stitches in the fabric. During the stitch cycle, the feed dog movement completes at least one feeder stroke. The feeder stroke includes a portion of the feed dog extending above the stitch plate and moving along the direction of feed. The feeder stroke thus pushes the fabric along the stitch plate. The compensation algorithm calculates a theoretical feeder stroke length based upon a desired stitch.

Abstract: An inflatable boat including at least one inflatable tube forming first and second pontoons, the first and second pontoons meeting at a front of the boat to form a stem; a floor constructed of a flexible non-inflated fabric material spanning the area between the first and second pontoons and attached to the bottom of the first and second pontoons; and an inflatable keel formed of an inflatable high-pressure drop stitch material and secured to the bottom of the floor.

Abstract: There is provided a mechanized device for rigging a sail of a ship that includes: a mast, a boom and a gaff secured to the mast by the respective front ends thereof, a guiding element linking the two rear ends of the boom and the gaff, and delimiting a frame together with the mast, a rectangular sail, secured to the boom by the edge thereof, and equipped on the hoist and leech thereof with a means for guiding respectively along the mast and along the guiding element, a mechanized means for hoisting and lowering the sail in the frame, while keeping the hoist and the leech thereof respectively guided along the mast and along the guiding element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light floating flue consisting of a wall of fibre-reinforced film which rotates about its axis to balance the reduced pressure in the flue with the centrifugal force on the gases in the flue and with the flue wall. The flue floats due to the friction with the rising air, the upward force of the lighter gases, optionally a zeppelin and balloon-like bodies filled with helium or hydrogen. In order to prevent bending moments on the flue, the flue is attached to the base of the tower by means of a tillable bearing.

Abstract: A boat having opposing side walls with gunwales thereon, a foredeck between the side walls and below the gunwales, wales, an extensible and retractable windscreen in front and around the sides of the foredeck, a helm console behind the foredeck, and an erectable and collapsible hard top pivoted to the side walls of the boat, wherein the boat is selectively convertible between: a first configuration in which the windscreen is retracted below or just above the gunwales, and the hard top is collapsed forwardly to overlap the retracted windscreen and/or the gunwales to form a platform covering the foredeck; a second configuration in which the windscreen is extended above the gunwales, and the hard top is partially erected to overlap the extended windscreen, so that together the windscreen and hard top form an enclosure over, above and around the front and sides of the foredeck; and a third configuration in which the windscreen is retracted below or just above the gunwales, and the hard top is fully erected over a

Abstract: An approach is provided for a method to manufacture a crystalline silicon ingot. The method comprises providing a mold formed for melting and cooling a silicon feedstock by using a directional solidification process, disposing a barrier layer inside the mold, disposing one or more silicon crystal seeds on the barrier layer, loading the silicon feedstock on the silicon crystal seeds, heating the mold to obtain a silicon melt, and cooling the mold by the directional solidification process to solidify the silicon melt into a silicon ingot. The mold is heated until the silicon feedstock is fully melted and the silicon crystal seeds are at least partially melted.

Abstract: An exemplary apparatus for manufacturing a light guide film having patterns simultaneously formed on two opposite surfaces thereof, includes a first conveyor roller, a second conveyor roller, a imprinting group roller, two coating devices, two solidifying devices, a first template and a second template. The imprinting group rollers are positioned between the first and second conveyor rollers, including a first imprinting roller and a second imprinting roller opposite to the first imprinting roller. The two coating devices are positioned between the first conveyor roller and the imprinting group roller. The two solidifying devices are positioned between the imprinting group rollers and the second conveyor roller. The first template has a first imprinting pattern, and is fixed on a circumferential surface of the first imprinting roller. The second template has a second imprinting pattern, and is fixed on a circumferential surface of the second imprinting roller.

Abstract: A gas heating device and a processing system for use therein are described for depositing a thin film on a substrate using a vapor deposition process. The gas heating device includes a heating element array having a plurality of heating element zones configured to receive a flow of a film forming composition across or through said plurality of heating element zones in order to cause pyrolysis of one or more constituents of the film forming composition when heated. Additionally, the processing system may include a substrate holder configured to support a substrate. The substrate holder may include a backside gas supply system configured to supply a heat transfer gas to a backside of said substrate, wherein the backside gas supply system is configured to independently supply the heat transfer gas to multiple zones at the backside of the substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a regulating gas suction device, which forms a regulating gas flow for use in preventing air outside a vacuum container trying to invade into the vacuum container through a sealing member that tightly closes a gap between an upper end surface of the vacuum container and a peripheral edge of a top pate being opposed to each other from flowing toward a substrate at a coupling portion between the top plate and the vacuum container.

Abstract: An atomic layer deposition apparatus for forming a thin film on a substrate, including a first container that defines a first inner space, a second container provided inside the first container to define a second inner space, the second container being canister-shaped and including a first opening at one end thereof, a source gas that forms the thin film on the substrate flowing to the second inner space through the first opening, and a pressing member including a gas supply port for supplying the source gas to the second inner space through the first opening, the pressing member being configured to press the second container in a longitudinal direction of the second container so that the second inner space be separated from the first inner space.

Abstract: An enclosure for generating a secondary environment within a processing chamber for coating a substrate. An enclosure wall forms a secondary environment encompassing the coating source, plasma, and the substrate, and separating them from interior of the processing chamber. The enclosure wall includes a plurality of pumping channels for diverting gaseous flow away from the substrate. The channels have an intake of larger diameter from the exhaust opening and are oriented at an angle with the intake opening pointing away from the deposition source. A movable seal enables transport of the substrate in open position and processing the substrate in closed position. The seal may be formed as a labyrinth seal to avoid particle generation from a standard contact seal.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a coating device for coating of substrates comprising at least two process chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) being disposed adjacent to each other, a separating plate (9) between the two adjacent process chambers, and pumping means (12, 13) for evacuating the process chambers, wherein the separating plate (9) comprises a conduit having at least two ends, one end of which is connected with the pumping means and the other end has at least one suction opening for at least one of the process chambers.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a coating device for coating of substrates comprising at least two process chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) being disposed adjacent to each other, a separating plate (9) between the two adjacent process chambers, and pumping means (12, 13) for evacuating the process chambers, wherein the separating plate (9) comprises a conduit having at least two ends, one end of which is connected with the pumping means and the other end has at least one suction opening for at least one of the process chambers.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a coating device for coating of substrates comprising at least two process chambers (1, 2, 3, 4) being disposed adjacent to each other, a separating plate (9) between the two adjacent process chambers, and pumping means (12, 13) for evacuating the process chambers, wherein the separating plate (9) comprises a conduit having at least two ends, one end of which is connected with the pumping means and the other end has at least one suction opening for at least one of the process chambers.

Abstract: A support structure for supporting a plurality of objects to be processed and to be disposed in a processing container structure in which a processing gas flows horizontally from one side to the opposite side, includes a top plate section; a bottom section; and a plurality of support posts connecting the top plate section and the bottom section, wherein a plurality of support portions for supporting the objects to be processed are formed in each support post at a predetermined pitch along the longitudinal direction, and the distance between the topmost support portion of the support portions of each support post and the top plate section as well as the distance between the lowermost support portion of the support portions of each support post and the bottom section are set not more than the pitch of the support portions. The support structure can prevent the occurrence of a turbulent gas flow in the top and bottom areas of the processing container structure.

Abstract: A device for fabricating thin films on a substrate includes a vacuum chamber, a rotatable platen configured to hold one or more substrates within the vacuum chamber, and a housing disposed within the vacuum chamber. The housing contains a heating element and is configured to enclose an upper surface of the platen and a lower portion configured to partially enclose an underside surface of the platen which forms a reaction zone. A heated evaporation cell is operatively coupled to the lower portion of the housing and configured to deliver a pressurized metallic reactant to the reaction zone. The device includes a deposition zone disposed in the vacuum chamber and isolated from the reaction zone and is configured to deposit a deposition species to the exposed underside of the substrates when the substrates are not contained in the reaction zone.

Abstract: A susceptor and a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus including the same. The susceptor has a shape of a disk with a hollow and includes a plurality of pockets formed in an upper surface of the susceptor to accommodate deposition targets; and susceptor channels formed in the susceptor to supply a flowing gas to the plurality of pockets. Inlets of the susceptor channels are formed in a sidewall of the hollow. Alternatively, the inlets of the susceptor channels are formed in a lower surface of the susceptor and a reinforcement unit is further formed.

Abstract: An adaptive milking system comprises a milk meter, a controller, and a detacher. The milk meter measures a flow rate of milking an animal during a first period of time, and continues to monitor the flow rate of milking the animal. The controller is communicatively coupled to the milk meter and calculates a percentage of the measured flow rate. The controller triggers a delay timer when the monitored flow rate of milking the animal becomes lower than the larger of (a) a default threshold flow rate and (b) the calculated percentage of the measured flow rate. The detacher is communicatively coupled to the controller and removes a milking unit from the animal when the delay timer reaches a threshold time.

Abstract: Described herein is a hydrophobic, nonabsorbent animal litter suitable fore use with cats and other animals. Also described are methods of preparing the litter, and a litter box for use with hydrophobic, nonabsorbent animal litter.

Abstract: A method of treating waste from poultry such as chickens in a chicken house is described wherein the method includes applying a layer of short paper fibers over a floor of the chicken house horizontally below the chickens in the chicken house, mixing manure from the chickens with the layer of short paper fibers, and removing the mixed manure and short paper fibers from the chicken house. The manure is turned with the layer of short paper fibers such that the manure and the short paper fibers are intimately mixed together. The removed mixture can be spread over land as fertilizer, mulch, or the like.

Abstract: Provided are animal containment systems and components, including single-use animal containment cages and modular rack units. Also provided are methods for assembling and using components of the animal containment systems.

Abstract: A crate for transporting a plurality of animals particularly horses is formed by a rectangular container to be placed on a supporting base and defined by two side panels and two end panels connected edge to edge. Each panel is defined by a frame comprising upstanding end posts and top and bottom cross rails and a sheet attached to the frame to at least partly close the frame and thus confine the animals within the container. The sheet of at least the side panels is bent to form a horizontally extending outwardly bulged section at least partly along the panel at a height on the panel spaced from a bottom edge and from a top edge and arranged at a height on the panel of the order of 4 feet from the base to receive the body of the animals when standing on the base to provide additional room for the animals without increasing the footprint of the crate.

Abstract: The present invention, in one exemplary embodiment, relates a method of manufacturing an animal chew by molding two body portions of a first material each having at least one concave surface and one or more through holes, attaching the two portions together such that the concave surfaces face one another to form a hollow body portion, injecting a second material into the hollow body portion to fill at least a portion of the hollow body and form areas of exposed regions of the second material by filling the one or more through holes. In a second exemplary embodiment, the two portions may have the concave surfaces over-molded with a second material which fills the one or more through holes. In a third exemplary embodiment, a separate shape of a second material may be molded in a configuration having dimensions complementary to the two half portion and holes when the portions are combined.

Abstract: A pet safety collar especially for cats comprisesan elongate resilient flexible cord element (11) formed into a coil having a plurality of randomly over-lapping turns, the ends of the element (11) being free. In use, the coils can be opened to allow the collar to be fitted around the neck of an animal, whereupon the collar recovers it shape. In the event that the collar becomes trapped, the coil expands allowing the animal to be freed.

Abstract: A pet waste capture device includes a harness and a collection container where the harness fits around the pet to secure the collection container in position. The harness may include straps and elastic bands to comfortably and securely fit to the pet. The collection container may be removable.

Abstract: A boiler system has a boiler and a combustion amount control unit. The boiler includes a boiler body, a discharge unit, a discharge passage, a feedwater preheater and a feedwater temperature measuring unit. The feedwater preheater includes a heat exchanger. The feedwater temperature measuring unit measures a feedwater temperature that is the temperature of the feedwater flowing in the heat exchanger. The combustion amount control unit controls combustion amount in the boiler, and has a feedwater temperature threshold as a threshold relating to the feedwater temperature. The combustion amount control unit minimizes the combustion amount in the boiler in a case where the feedwater temperature measured by the feedwater temperature measuring unit is the feedwater temperature threshold or lower.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating water having three vertically aligned water heating process sections. The upper section includes an annular water storage tank disposed around a combustion chamber having a downward firing burner. The intermediate section, disposed vertically below the upper section receives flue gas from the combustion chamber, which flue gas is cooled and dehumidified, producing a hot condensate which collects in a passive condensate flow control device disposed proximate the bottom of the intermediate section. The lower section, disposed vertically below the intermediate and separated therefrom by the passive condensate flow control device receives hot condensate from the flow control device, which is used to preheat and humidify air, such as room air, which is then recycled to the combustion process of the upper section for use as combustion air.

Abstract: When a detection temperature by a hot-water tank thermister (42) has been equal to or lower than a re-heating determination temperature over at least a re-heating determination time, a tank controller (50) performs a sterilization process by heating hot water within a hot-water tank (30) by means of a heat pump unit (60); and when the detection temperature by the hot-water tank thermister (42) has been equal to or lower than a determination temperature for prohibiting the use of hot water in the hot-water tank over at least a determination time for prohibiting the use of hot water in the hot-water tank, the tank controller (50) performs only a temperature regulation control via heating while keeping a hot-water flow regulation valve (34) in a closed state.

Abstract: The single stage hydrogen compression and delivery system for internal combustion engines utilizing an air cooling system and an electrical heater (HCDS-ICAir-Single) consists of a thermally driven single compression stage metal hydride hydrogen compressor in line with high pressure hydrogen storage tanks and a pressure regulating hydrogen delivery system that supplies a controlled release of hydrogen to the internal combustion engine. The air cooling absorbs the excess energy produced upon hydrogen absorption and the electric heater supplies the thermal energy needed to drive the hydrogen compression within the compression stage of the system. The compressor is intended to be inseparable from the storage tank to ensure safe operation.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, having at least two cylinder banks, each cylinder bank having two outer high pressure cylinders and a central low pressure cylinder, reciprocating pistons of the cylinders being coupled via connecting rods to crankpin journals of a crankshaft, valves of the cylinders to be actuated via camshafts which can be driven from the crankshaft, crankpin journals on which the connecting rods of the high pressure cylinders act, lying in a common plane, crankpin journals on which the connecting rods of the low pressure cylinders act, being offset with respect to said plane, and the crankpin journal for the connecting rod of the low pressure cylinder of a first cylinder bank being offset with respect to the crankpin journal for the connecting rod of the low pressure cylinder of a second cylinder bank.

Abstract: An engine includes a camshaft carrying a first intake cam, a second intake cam, and an exhaust cam for selectively driving an intake valve driving member and an exhaust valve driving member, which in turn drive an intake valve and an exhaust valve. The intake valve driving member includes first and second driving members, which form push rollers respectively in engagement with the first and second intake cams and a pressing section in engagement with the intake valve. The first and second driving members form bores communicating each other to form a hydraulic cylinder. First and second pistons are movable within the bores to selectively set the first and second driving members in a condition of being allowed to operate independently or in combination with each other.

Abstract: A flow rate control valve includes a housing having an accommodation chamber in communication with oil passages, and a spool accommodated in the accommodation chamber movably in a reciprocating manner. The housing includes a bolt for fastening a movable member of a variable valve timing mechanism, and a sleeve inserted in an insertion portion provided in the bolt and having the accommodation chamber. The bolt is provided with a port through which the oil passages communicate with the insertion portion. The sleeve is provided with a through hole penetrating the sleeve. Furthermore, an annular protrusion and a recess are provided as a phase adjustment portion that adjusts a phase of rotation of the sleeve with respect to the bolt to a phase in which the port coincides in position with the through hole and holds the phase of rotation of the sleeve with respect to the bolt equal thereto.

Abstract: A sealing structure seals a clearance between a housing and a brake rotor. The housing defines a fluid chamber for sealing a magnetic viscous fluid inside. The brake rotor penetrates through the housing and generates brake torque by contacting the magnetic viscous fluid. The housing has a magnetic sleeve section and a magnetic screw section provided to the brake rotor. The magnetic sleeve section is continuous in a rotational direction of the brake rotor and generates a magnetic flux. The magnetic screw section is an external screw having a screw thread, which extends away from a fluid chamber side toward a phase adjusting mechanism side when traced in a rotational direction of the brake rotor. The magnetic flux is guided to the magnetic screw section through a sealing gap between the magnetic screw section and an inner peripheral section of the magnetic sleeve section.

Abstract: A valve timing controller has a case which defines a fluid chamber therein. A magnetic viscosity fluid is enclosed in the fluid chamber. The magnetic viscosity fluid including magnetic particles and its viscosity varies according to a magnetic field applied thereto. A coil and a control circuit applies magnetic field to the magnetic viscosity fluid to variably control a viscosity thereof. A brake rotor is rotatably accommodated in the fluid chamber and receives a brake torque from the magnetic viscosity fluid according to the viscosity thereof. A phase adjusting mechanism is connected to the brake rotor for adjusting a relative rotational phase between the crankshaft and the camshaft according to the brake torque. When it is estimated that the engine will be started, the coil is energized to generated heat in the magnetic viscosity fluid.

Abstract: A valve drive for controlling gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine. The valve drive has at least one valve camshaft that is supported within a cylinder head of the engine and that can be moved in rotation by a drive disk and an adjustment device, which has an adjustment motor and a gear train. The adjustment device provides for an axial movement and/or rotation of the valve camshaft relative to the drive disk in a specific manner upon actuation of the adjustment motor and by the intermediately connected gear train in order to vary in a specific manner an actuation of the gas exchange valves that occurs by cams of the valve camshaft. Also, the adjustment motor is placed predominantly or completely within a common chamber with the drive disk.

Abstract: An assembled camshaft includes an outer hollow camshaft body and an inner camshaft body disposed within the outer hollow camshaft body and mounted so as to rotate relative to it by a predetermined angle. The camshaft also includes at least two separate cam elements. A first cam element is connected with the inner camshaft body so as to rotate with it, and is disposed so as to rotate relative to the outer hollow camshaft body. A second cam element has at least two partial cam elements, in such a manner that a first partial cam element is disposed on the outer hollow camshaft body, so as to rotate with it, and a second partial cam element is connected with the inner camshaft body, so as to rotate with it, and is disposed so that it can be rotated relative to the outer hollow camshaft body.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to decrease the size of rocker arms and reduce friction in a variable valve apparatus of an internal combustion engine having a hydraulic lash adjuster arranged in rocker arms. A variable valve apparatus of an internal combustion engine of the present invention includes a first rocker arm that contacts a cam, a zero lift cam (low lift cam) provided coaxially with the cam, second rocker arms capable of contacting the zero lift cam, a switching mechanism capable of connecting the first rocker arm and the second rocker arm to each other through a pin, valves that open by being pressed by the second rocker arms via hydraulic lash adjusters arranged in the second rocker arms, and an oil supply path formed inside the second rocker arms that supplies oil to the hydraulic lash adjusters. A radius of a base circle of the zero lift cam is smaller than a radius of a base circle of the cam.

Abstract: The multi stage hydrogen compression and delivery system for internal combustion engines utilizing a working fluid and waste heat recovery (HCDS-ICM-WF-WH) consists of a thermally driven multi compression stage metal hydride hydrogen compressor in line with high pressure hydrogen storage tanks and a pressure regulating hydrogen delivery system that supplies a controlled release of hydrogen to the internal combustion engine. The working fluid carries the thermal energy captured from the waste heat of the engine to the metal hydride compression stages to drive the hydrogen compression. The compressor is intended to be inseparable from the storage tank to ensure safe operation.

Abstract: The single stage hydrogen compression and delivery system for internal combustion engines utilizing a working fluid (HCDS-ICWF-Single) consists of a thermally driven single compression stage metal hydride hydrogen compressor in line with high pressure hydrogen storage tanks and a pressure regulating hydrogen delivery system that supplies a controlled release of hydrogen to the internal combustion engine. The working fluid carries the thermal energy needed to the metal hydride compression stages to drive the hydrogen compression processes. The compressor is intended to be inseparable from the storage tank to ensure safe operation.

Abstract: There are provided a crank angle detection means configured in such a way as to have a function of outputting respective recognition signals from a plurality of intermediate positions each flanked with the positions corresponding to the respective top dead centers of the pistons of a plurality of cylinders and to differentiate the kinds of the respective recognition signals outputted from the adjacent intermediate positions; and a piston position determination means that determines the stopping position of the piston at a time when the internal combustion engine stops, based on the crank angle range stored in a crank angle range storage means and the crank angle corresponding to the position of the recognition signal outputted by the crank angle detection means. There is determined the cylinder to which a fuel is to be initially supplied when the internal combustion engine restarts, based on the stopping position of the piston determined by the piston position determination means.

Abstract: A method of modifying an air intake manifold to control air intake runners. The method includes the steps of providing a cartridge including a plurality of compartments, each spaced apart to define a groove therebetween, snap-fitting a bushing carrier having a rotatable bushing into each of the grooves, positioning a flap having a slot over each of the compartments, inserting a shaft through each slot and each bushing thereby rotatably retaining each of the flaps within one of the plurality of compartments, positioning the cartridge over the air intake manifold so that each of the plurality of compartments is substantially axially aligned with one of the air intake runners, and removably connecting the cartridge with the air intake manifold.

Abstract: An exhaust insert for use with an internal combustion engine transfers heat from exhaust gases to a liquid-cooled exhaust manifold. One end of the exhaust insert extends into the exhaust port of a cylinder head, and the other end of the exhaust insert extends into an exhaust manifold. Exhaust gases are received from the cylinder head by the exhaust manifold through the exhaust insert. The exhaust insert is in contact with a surface of the exhaust manifold so as to transfer heat from the exhaust gases away from the cylinder head to the exhaust manifold.

Abstract: A method for quieting noise and vibration from a crankcase of an engine comprises dispersing a first amount of elemental carbon in a second amount of lubricant oil to yield a concentrated elemental-carbon suspension. The method further comprises adding the concentrated elemental-carbon suspension in an amount effective to quiet the noise and vibration to a third amount of lubricant oil in the crankcase.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the automotive industry in general and specifically to the industry that manufactures internal combustion engines. It has to do with a new apparatus which, when added to internal combustion engines, pre-lubricates the movable parts of the engine before the normal system does. The advantages of the present invention in relation to those of the state of the art consist of the fact that its operation does not alter the normal lubrication process and assures pre-lubrication. It may be installed in any engine which requires pre-lubrication before starting up. With modifications in size and mechanical characteristics in one or two parts, it may be adapted to the conditions and characteristics of distinct engines and does not require an additional pump means in order to function.

Abstract: Provided are formulations, methods of making, and methods of using a diesel cylinder lubricating oil composition to achieve enhanced corrosive wear control on the cylinders of a 2-stroke diesel engine, wherein such lubricating oil composition comprises, among other things, an amount of one or more surfactant materials sufficient to provide substantially improved capacity to reduce or inhibit corrosive wear.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic bearing (1) for an internal combustion engine is composed of a sliding material whose average maximum roughness value leads an accelerated wear of the sliding material and an accelerated accommodation of a crankshaft during engine operation.