Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluid flow measuring device. The device includes a fluid flow having at least one of a volume flow rate and a mass flow rate. At least one spring element is included, which is exposed to the fluid flow, such that the spring element is elastically displaceable in at least one of a ferromagnetic and an electrically conductive mobile region depending on the dynamic pressure acting thereon with an eddy current sensor arranged stationarily. The eddy current sensor generates a measurement signal that is correlated with a distance between the eddy current sensor and the mobile region. The distance varies with the dynamic pressure-related displacement of the mobile region, and at least one temperature sensor is included, the temperature sensor measures an actual temperature of the fluid flow.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed that includes a measuring pipe comprising an inner layer and a non-magnetic outer layer; an electric flow meter electrically connected to the measuring pipe and operable to measure the flow of a material within the pipe; an insert comprising non-magnetic material exposed to the interior space of the measuring pipe and in electrical connection with the outer layer of the measuring pipe, wherein the insert is operable to provide a common ground between the material within the pipe and the flow measuring device.

Abstract: Ultrasonic flow meter transducer assembly. At least one some of the illustrative embodiment are systems including: a spool piece that defines an exterior surface, a central passage, and a transducer port extending from the exterior surface to the central passage; and a transducer assembly coupled to the transducer port.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer is described for use in a fluid medium. The ultrasonic transducer includes at least one piezoelectric transducer element and at least one matching element for promoting an oscillation injection between the piezoelectric transducer element and the fluid medium. The ultrasonic transducer also includes a housing (112), the piezoelectric transducer element being inserted in the housing. The housing has at least one opening facing the fluid medium, the matching element being inserted at least partially into the opening. The ultrasonic transducer also has at least one sealing element, which seals at least one intervening space between the matching element and the housing in such a way that an inner space of the housing is at least largely sealed from the fluid medium.

Abstract: A vortex flow measuring device for monitoring and/or measuring an, at least at times, two phase medium flowing in a pipeline; wherein the medium has a first phase, especially a gaseous, first phase, with a first density and a second phase, especially a particle or droplet shaped, second phase, having a second density different from the first density; and wherein the vortex flow measuring device has at least a measuring tube, which can be inserted in a pipeline, a bluff body, and a vortex sensor, which responds to pressure fluctuations. The vortex flow measuring device additionally includes an acoustic transducer, which is formed integrally in a component, especially the bluff body, which protrudes into a flow path within the measuring tube, or is acoustically coupled to such component in such a manner that acoustic signals produced by impact of particles and/or droplets of the second phase on the component are transducible to electrical signals by the acoustic transducer.

Abstract: A multiaxial force/torque sensor assembly and method for assembling such a sensor assembly are disclosed. The sensor assembly includes a set of at least two sensors each being made of strain gauges, which are each arranged at a definite angle and distance relative to each other and which are each fixed to a transducer body, which is mechanical contact with a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board includes clearances for each strain gauge as well as associated electronic components and wiring located on the remaining area of the printed circuit board which will monitor compressive and tensile stresses in the measurement directions of the sensors. The method includes positioning the strain gauges on the plane measurement surface of a transducer body in a definite arrangement; fixing the strain gauges to the transducer body by means of adhesives, and connecting the strain gauges to respective conductors by means of electrically bonding.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying well samplers including a tubular carrier housing, a crossover sub connected to the housing, and a pair of adjacent single phase samplers set off from the tool centerline axis thereby providing an offset interspatial through-bore region to support wireline operations. The pair of single phase samplers are removably disposed between upper and lower positioning inserts. The inserts have recessed sampler seats and through-bores that align with the interspatial through-bore region. A conduit fluidly connects one pair of recessed seats to the tool exterior so as to port annulus pressure to the pressure-activated triggering mechanisms of the samplers. A rupture disk housing is removably connected to the triggering conduit from an exterior recess in the crossover sub. The other positioning insert includes a clamping mechanism to removably secure the samplers within the carrier. Multiple assemblies of crossover subs and carrier housing can be connected in tandem.

Abstract: A detector for optically detecting biological aerosols in a sample volume using non-imaging optical components (NIOCs) includes a light source configured to stimulate bio-fluorescence of tryptophan or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. In at least one embodiment, a sample volume and each non-imaging optical component are defined by surface features in each of a first monolithic structure and a second monolithic structure, when the first monolithic structure and the second monolithic structure are disposed in a facing relationship. In at least one embodiment, each NIOC comprises a compound parabolic collector. To facilitate volume production, the monolithic structures can be molded. Preferably, the sample is a volume of a gaseous fluid, such as air.

Abstract: A soil sampling machine and its method of use is provided. The soil sampling machine can include a sampling mechanism configured and positioned to obtain a soil sample. A storage tank is located on the machine and can store the obtained sample material from the sampling mechanism. A hose connects the sampling mechanism and the storage tank and a vacuum generator generates a vacuum force in the hose to transport the obtained soil sample from the sampling mechanism to the storage tank.

Abstract: A vehicle transmission includes a pinion secured to an input shaft, a gear meshing with the pinion, an idler secured to the gear, a reverse gear meshing with the idler and secured to a second idler, a low gear supported on a layshaft and meshing with the second idler, and a coupler connecting the low gear to the layshaft.

Abstract: In a gear transmission, pairs of spur drive gears provided with a helical cut spline on the inner diameter of the spur drive gears are mounted on a drive shaft provided with helical cut splines on the outer diameter of the drive shaft. The pairs of spur drive gears engage pairs of spur driven gears provided with a helical cut spline on the inner diameter of the spur driven gears mounted on a driven shaft provided with helical cut splines on the outer diameter of the driven shaft. In operation, there is equal load sharing among spur drive gears engaging the spur driven gears.

Abstract: A sectional circulating assembly for a ball screw comprises an inner circulating block and an outer circulating block. In assembly, the inner circulating block is initially placed between the screw shaft and the nut before the rolling balls and the screw shaft are positioned, thus preventing the rolling balls from dropping out and the interference with the threads. After the rolling balls and the screw shaft are positioned, the outer circulating block is placed into the nut and to be engaged with the inner circulating block, and the outer circulating block is fixed to the nut. This method can maintain the tightness of the nut, thus preventing the leakage of noise.

Abstract: A range switching device controls an actuator in response to a shift command from a shift operation portion. The actuator moves a manual valve which sets a shift range of an automatic transmission based on an axial position, and has a drive shaft which, being disposed parallel to the manual valve, is driven so as to be extendable and contractible in an axial direction. The device further includes a holder portion provided at an end portion of the manual valve, and a link pin in which one end is linked to the actuator's drive shaft, and in which the other end is a spherical portion fitted into the holder portion, and engaged in point contact with two axial sides of an inner surface of the holder portion.

Abstract: In a control arrangement for an automated gear shift transmission, particularly a dual clutch transmission, which provides for a plurality of functionalities with a relatively small number of slides and control valves, a first gear slide, which is assigned to a first shift device and by means of which an actuation pressure can be applied to the first shift device, has a first and a second supply input for the first and second movement direction of the piston. A supply pressure slide, by means of which a supply pressure can be directed to the gear slide, has first and second supply outputs, which are respectively connected to the first and second supply inputs of the gear slide. The supply pressure slide is designed in such a manner that it can direct a supply pressure optionally to one of the two supply outputs.

Abstract: In a control arrangement for an automated gear shift transmission, particularly a dual clutch transmission with a partial transmission having two gears which must not be simultaneously engaged, simultaneous engagement of the two gears of the partial transmission is prevented by a gear actuation system which has a first and a second gear slide wherein a second gear shift control pressure of the second gear slide counteracts the first gear shift control pressure of the first gear slide so that the first gear slide is blocked by the second gear shift control pressure.

Abstract: In a hydraulic control arrangement for an automated shift transmission, in particular a dual clutch transmission in a motor vehicle including a hydraulic control arrangement, the hydraulic control arrangement has a main pump and a controllable additional pump which jointly ensure that oil is supplied to the hydraulic control arrangement. The additional pump can feed into a control channel of a lubricating pressure slide and build up an adjustable lubricating fluid control pressure. The lubricating fluid pressure in the lubricating cooling system is adjusted in a simple and inexpensive manner by lubricating pressure slide changes modifying the lubricating control pressure in the lubricating cooling system.

Abstract: A bicycle brake and shift operating device is provided with a bracket, a brake operating member, a shift operating unit and a pawl releasing member. The brake lever is pivotally attached to the bracket at a pivot axis. The shift operating unit includes a takeup member pivotally mounted relative to the bracket and a locking pawl pivotally mounted relative to the bracket. The locking pawl moves between a locking position and a release position. The pawl releasing member pivots relative to the bracket to pivot. The pawl releasing member selectively locates the locking pawl from the locking position to the release position by pivoting around the third pivot axis. The pivot axis of the pawl releasing member is offset from both of the pivot axes of the takeup member and the locking pawl.

Abstract: A bicycle brake and shift operating device is provided with a bracket, a brake operating member, a shift operating unit and a release operating member. The bracket includes a grip portion having first and second exterior lateral sides. The brake operating member is pivotally coupled to the bracket at a brake operating member pivot axis along a braking plane disposed between the first and second exterior lateral sides. The release operating member is pivotally coupled to the bracket at a release operating member pivot axis such that a user operating portion moves along an operating path between a rest position and a releasing position. As the user operating portion moves along the operating path from the rest position to the releasing position, the user operating portion moves closer to the brake operating member to perform a releasing operation in response to movement of the user operating portion.

Abstract: In the case of a gear shift fork (1) for the axial shifting of a clutch sleeve rotating around an axis in a gear box, which gear shift fork possesses two fork arm sections (4, 5) which lie opposite to each other and by their connection to each other are aligned and span an essentially semi-circular inner side (6), the fork arm sections (4, 5) and the forked interlock device section (3) shall possess a link structure.

Abstract: A robot includes a first rotation member, a second rotation member, a driver, a cable assembly, a transmission assembly, and a guide member. The second rotation member is rotatably connected to the first rotation member, and capable of rotating about a rotation axis. The driver is configured to drive the second rotation member. The cable assembly includes a plurality of cables with at least one cable connecting to the driver. The transmission assembly is configured to transmit rotation from the driver to the second rotation member. The guide member is fixed to the first rotation member, and defines a guide hole extending along the rotation axis, through which the cable assembly passes. The second rotation member and the driver are disposed at distances deviating from the rotation axis.

Abstract: A robot includes an articulation mechanism that includes a pair of opposing bevel gears, a pair of motors that rotate the pair of opposing bevel gears independently of each other, an output bevel gear that is engaged with each of the pair of opposing bevel gears and is supported so as to be rotatable and so as to be swingable in rotational directions of the pair of opposing bevel gears, and an output body that is secured to the output bevel gear, a cover-and-support structure that is a supporting member and functions as a cover covering the outside of the entirety of the articulation mechanism, and a swing mechanism that supports the cover-and-support structure such that the cover-and-support structure is swingable in the rotational directions of the pair of opposing bevel gears.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a switching member which is attached to a main unit of the apparatus; a fixing member which is placed to be movable in a direction along a surface of a supporting portion that is an attaching portion for the switching member, and that contacts with and supports the switching member, which is disposed separately from or integrally with the switching member, and which fixes the switching member; an opening/closing member which has an opening for operating the switching member, and which is openably and closably disposed with respect to the main unit to cover a periphery of the switching member; and a positioning member as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an actuator for control loading system to produce the control force installed at the system which provides the control of such as the aircraft, the ship and the vehicles with the virtual simulation. More specifically, the present invention installed at the virtual simulation system, which relates to an actuator for control loading system, measures the force added while the force by the movement of the control stick is received in the horizontal direction, and connects a lever transmitting the control force equivalent to the added force and a reaction force to a direct drive motor, and includes a potentiometer which senses the initial reference position with sensing the angle of rotation separately from an encoder, and can limit the rotation range of the lever rotating and also fix the initial neutral position, and can be manufactured compactly on the whole.

Abstract: A tiltable steering wheel apparatus comprises a tilting mechanism provided under a grip portion of a steering wheel. The tilting mechanism includes a steering wheel support member for supporting the steering wheel to be tiltable about a pivotal axis extending along a transverse direction of a vehicle body, and a control lever switchable between a tilting allowing mode for allowing tilting movement of the steering wheel and a tilting preventing mode for preventing tilting movement of the steering wheel. The control lever has an extension extending toward the grip portion with a manual control portion provided in a distal end thereof to be operable with the fingers of the operator holding the grip portion of the steering wheel.

Abstract: An electric telescopic steering apparatus includes a jacket having a lower jacket and an upper jacket in order to telescope the jacket; and a screw shaft arranged along a longitudinal direction of the jacket and held under a rotation-locked state. The screw shaft includes one end portion supported by one of the lower jacket and the upper jacket. The electric telescopic steering apparatus further includes a nut screwed on another end portion of the screw shaft and supported by another of the lower jacket and the upper jacket; a driving section configured to drive a rotation of the nut; and a displacement absorbing section provided between the one end portion of the screw shaft and the jacket.

Abstract: An accelerator device for performing an acceleration operation includes a rotary body which rotates with rotation of a grip, a magnet which rotates with rotation of the rotary body, a rotation angle detector which detects a rotation angle of the magnet, an urging member which returns the grip to an original point position by urging the rotary body, and a separation member which separates the rotary body and the rotation angle detector, the rotation angle detector is fixed to the separation member and the rotary body is rotatably held thereby while the urging member urges the rotary body toward the separation member as well as in the rotation direction, so that positional variation of the rotation angle detector against the magnet can be prevented.

Abstract: An assembly and method for coupling the rotor of a vehicle pedal assembly to the shaft of a vehicle pedal assembly. In one embodiment, the rotor includes a collar with an interior surface defining a plurality of slots and the shaft includes a distal neck which extends into the collar of the rotor. A weld horn is inserted into the collar and into contact with the neck of the shaft for melting a portion of the neck and causing the material of the molten neck to flow into the slots for securing the rotor to the shaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vibration damping device in a drive train of a motor vehicle, having an input drive part and an output part that is rotatable to limited extent relative to the input part through the action of at least one energy storage element, there being a pendulum mass carrier situated or formed on the input part and/or the output part, which makes it possible to receive at least one pair of pendulum masses comprising pendulum masses that are situated opposite each other axially on the pendulum mass carrier and are pivotable to a limited extent relative to the latter with the aid of at least one roll-off element, and where the roll-off element, by rolling, passes over a roll-off surface on the pendulum mass carrier and on each of the pendulum masses as the pendulum masses move relative to the pendulum mass carrier, and where the pendulum masses of a pair of pendulum masses have different geometric forms.

Abstract: A tunable mass damper (TMD) is provided that can be coupled to a rotating inertia apparatus such as a reaction wheel assembly (RWA). The TMD includes a housing that contains a flexure, a mass, and damping fluid within the housing. The housing is coupled to the flexure, and the flexure is coupled to the mass. The mass is free to sway in the damping fluid. The damping fluid envelops the mass and provides damping between the mass and the housing. At least one of the mass, flexure and the damping fluid can be adjusted to tune the TMD to produce a resonance at or near a mode that is to be mitigated by the TMD such that it operates at a desired or optimal operating frequency.

Abstract: The device is a counterbalance system and method to reduce the work of conventionally balanced, reciprocating cantilevered beam pumping units, and comprises a pair of transversely oriented support mounts attached to the cantilevered beam or walking beam of a pre-existing reciprocating pumping unit, attaching on either side of the pivoting-fulcrum, mounting point of the cantilevered walking beam. These transverse mounting points terminate individually on either side of said walking beam in channel-like saddles that support independent, parallel beams, which in turn cantilever themselves in tandem with said walking beam of the pumping unit; moreover, the position of the parallel beams by virtue of the transverse mounts creates a new center of gravity corresponding to the center of the pivoting mounting point of the walking beam, eliminating counter-productive torque forces on the walking beam as it tilts from horizontal.

Abstract: A vehicle power transmission device includes: a power generation device that includes a rotating machine electrically controllable in torque; and a power distribution device including three rotating elements, which are an input rotating element, a first output rotating element operatively coupled to a first wheel, and a second output rotating element operatively coupled to a second wheel, the power distribution device distributing power input to the input rotating element from the power generation device to the first output rotating element and the second output rotating element, the power distribution device being configured such that the input rotating element, the first output rotating element, and the second output rotating element are arranged in this order from one end to the other end on a collinear diagram capable of representing the rotation speeds of the three rotating elements on a straight line, the operation state of the rotating machine being controlled to put the first output rotating element a

Abstract: A twin-clutch type transmission unit includes inner and outer shafts provided respectively with first and second disc clutches for transmission and interruption of input from a prime mover, a plurality of drive gears provided on the inner and outer shafts, and a counter shaft provided with driven gears selectively operable to mesh with the drive gears, with the first and second disc clutches of the inner and outer shafts being alternately disengaged and engaged so as to perform a gear shift. In the transmission unit, a dog-type clutch for synchronizing rotations of the inner shaft and the outer shaft is provided. At the time of vehicle starting, the inner and outer shafts are connected with each other, and the first and second disc clutches of both the inner and outer shafts are engaged. Such transmission unit contrives reductions in the size and weight of a twin-clutch type transmission unit.

Abstract: Gearing for a vehicle transmission includes meshing forward gears and an idler, a reverse gear engaging the idler, a low gear engaging the reverse gear, a final drive, and a low gear drive path including the idler, the forward, reverse and low gears and the final drive.

Abstract: An engine mountable gearbox is provided and includes a body formed to define a plurality of connection points at which a main engine generator and one or more accessories are mounted, a first transmission disposed within the body at the connection point of the main engine generator to run the main engine generator at a controlled constant speed at varying speeds of the engine rotation and a second transmission disposed within the body at least at one of the connection points of the one or more accessories to run the one of the one or more of the accessories at a controlled constant speed at varying speeds of the engine rotation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a compound for powder metallurgy including a binder composition for powder metallurgy and a metal powder. The binder composition for powder metallurgy includes a hydrocarbon-based resin and wax, wherein the content of oxygen is 20 mass % or less. The content of the hydrocarbon-based resin in the compound for powder metallurgy is 1 to 2 times the content of the wax, by mass ratio. It is preferable that the binder composition further includes a copolymer formed through a copolymerization of a first monomer including a cyclic ether group with a second monomer.

Abstract: There is provided a metal powder for powder metallurgy including Zr and Si in a manner such that following conditions of (A) and (B) are satisfied, wherein a remainder thereof includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co and Ni, (A) the mass ratio of a content of Zr to a content of Si is 0.03 to 0.3, and (B) the content of Si is 0.35 to 1.5% by mass.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a reducing gas for direct reduction iron-making includes an internal-heating type reformer for reforming a natural gas by adding steam and oxygen to the natural gas and by partially burning the natural gas to generate reducing gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide; a remover for removing carbon dioxide from exhaust gas generated in the direct reduction iron-making; and a line for recycling as the reducing gas the exhaust gas from which the carbon dioxide is removed by the remover.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel process for improving the recovery of precious metals from recalcitrant refractory ores by the use of hydrofluoric acid dissolved in ionic liquids. The solution of hydrogen fluoride gas in an ionic liquid is contacted with dry crushed ore at a temperature and for a period of time commensurate with the fracturing of a specific recalcitrant refractory ore. The excess ionic liquid is separated from the ore and the fractured ore is further treated with dilute sodium cyanide solution to extract precious metals in greater yields.

Abstract: A pop-top can opener that includes a cavity into which the tab of a pop-top can is inserted and a lever end which allows the user to provide a leverage to the tab to open the can without the risk of damaging fingernails. A notch can be provided in the side of the device for removing the caps from bottles.

Abstract: A vibration absorbing structure of a hand tool includes a notch at a bottom side of a wood handle of the hand tool to form a vibration absorbing space when the wood handle is coupled to a tool body. The vibration absorbing space is able to absorb vibrations generated by the tool body when striking and to lower the vibration force.

Abstract: A hammer with a titanium alloy striking face includes a main body and a striking face. The striking face is made of ? titanium alloy having a hardness above HRC 45. The main body is made of a metallic material, which is A164 titanium alloy, steel, or stainless steel. The hammer composed of the main body and the striking face complies with the standard of ASME.

Abstract: The hammer system of an embodiment may allow a user to start driving a nail (e.g., into a board or the like) without having to hold the nail with their other, non-hammering hand. For example, the hammer system may accept and detachably couple to a nail. Once coupled, the hammer system may partially drive the nail, for example with a moderate strike and/or multiple taps, such that the nail is substantially secure and/or stable enough to accept subsequent driving strikes without the user having to hold the nail in place.

Abstract: A hydraulic torque wrench has a support partially sandwiched between first and second side plates. The support has hoop that extends beyond the edges of the plates so that the hoop has a smaller width than the wrench. An inner surface of the hoop defining a groove that receives a rib of a lever that fits against the hoop. This lever has an internal opening in which a socket disposes. A segment movable segment on the lever has teeth that ratchet with teeth around the socket. As the lever is reciprocated back and forth by an actuator on the wrench, the ratcheting between the lever and socket turn the socket and any nut disposed therein. The arrangement of the hoop, socket, and lever enable the wrench to be used in locations around nuts having tight clearances.

Abstract: A well coated wrench includes a metal element, a one-way mechanism and an isolative coating. The metal element includes a tunnel defined therein. The one-way mechanism is substantially located in the tunnel. The one-way mechanism includes a tongue located outside the tunnel and a button located outside the tunnel. The isolative coating is provided on the metal element. The isolative coating includes an external annular ridge located around the button.

Abstract: An auxiliary tool for assembling and disassembling a spark plug is used to assist the assembling and disassembling operation of the spark plug of a vehicle. The auxiliary tool comprises a spark plug sleeve, a flexible extender, and a rotating end portion. The spark plug sleeve is used to cover and rotate the spark plug. The flexible extender has flexibility and one end thereof is fixed on the spark plug sleeve. The rotating end portion is disposed on the other end of the flexible extender and detachably connected with a handle. In operation, the spark plug is firstly loosened by a conventional wrench, and the auxiliary tool then rotates the spark plug. The auxiliary tool is not limited by the limited engine space, so that the operational convenience of rotation operation can be increased and the operational time of assembling and disassembling the spark plug can be shortened.

Abstract: A rotating device (1) arranged to rotate about an axis and having a body portion (2) containing a cavity (20), the body portion (2) having an upper surface (10) having a substantially circular access hole (12) therethrough generally of a first radius from the axis and providing access to the cavity (20), and at least one drive surface arranged to have force applied thereto to rotate the device (1) and being provided in the cavity (20) at least a second radius from the axis wherein the second radius is greater than the first.

Abstract: Use of multiple-slope and/or multiple-offset mechanism or equivalent to address the issues with current mechanical clickers that have single-slope spring mechanism. The varying-slope can be a continuously varying-slope non-linear spring, or a combination of discretely varying multiple-slope springs. This invention is useful for clicker type torque wrenches, clicker type torque screw drivers, beam type torque wrenches, beam type torque screw drivers and shock absorbers. The present invention is equally applicable to clickers that click in both the CW (clockwise) and CCW (counterclockwise) directions or clickers that click only in one direction. The invention is generally characterized by placing a non-linear spring or combination of springs in the tool body to achieve multiple slope operation rather than using one single slope spring. The multiple slope configuration is superior in performance by moving closer to the ideal case of 0% error in operation.

Abstract: A tube purging instrument, device has cooperating rollers which can be compressed and/or clamped together upon a flexible tube to compress the tube partially or completely between the rollers and which can then be rolled together along the length of the tube in order to advance the contents of the tube in the direction of movement of the rollers. The rollers are preferably equipped with flanges or rims which fit over an outer diameter of a tube to maintain registration of the rollers upon tube as the rollers travel in Counter-rotation along a length of the tube.

Abstract: A subassembly is provided for a pipe lathe. The pipe lathe includes a segmented base ring and a drive gear assembly. The segmented base ring is structured to be removably coupled to a work piece having a perimeter. The subassembly includes a gear ring, a separate ring member, at least one tool mounting portion disposed on the separate ring member, and a plurality of fasteners. The fasteners extend through the apertures of the separate ring member and fasten the separate ring member to the gear ring, in order that the separate ring member rotates with the gear ring but not independently with respect thereto. A number of tool assemblies mount to the tool mounting portion to machine the work piece. The gear ring includes a plurality of teeth, which cooperate with the drive gear assembly of the pipe lathe to rotate the subassembly about the perimeter of the work piece.

Abstract: A plurality of bushings are coupled to one another via a series of bolts to provide an interlocking, articulating cutter. The bolts have a cylindrical end and a convex end. The convex ends are seated inside a concave socket coupled to the bushings. The cylindrical ends are coupled to a convex nut seated inside another concave socket coupled to an adjacent bushing. The convex ends of the bolts are configured to articulate inside the seat of the concave sockets. A washer may be placed between the bushings to provide a desired amount of flexibility and/or rigidity. The outer surface of the bushing comprises a cutting structure, such as a milled or clad cutting structure.