Abstract: The present application discloses an enzyme-based self-polishing coating composition comprising a binder phase in the form of a binder system and a pigment phase, said pigment phase comprising (i) a polysaccharide and (ii) an enzyme capable of facilitating hydrolysis of said polysaccharide, said enzyme being immobilized on a carrier material, e.g. on the polysaccharide. The enzyme may be glucoamylase and the polysaccharide may be starch. A marine structure coated with the coating composition; a method for the preparation of the enzyme-based self-polishing coating composition; the use of the polysaccharide and the enzyme in a coating composition to provide self-polishing of said coating composition; and a method for providing a self-polishing effect of a coating composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a tattoo stencil chemical composition comprising stearic acid, triethanolamine, a humectant to retain moisture on a user's skin, water and a preservative chemical composition that includes 56% propylene glycol, 30% diazolidinyl urea, 11% methylparaben and 3% propylparaben. The tattoo stencil chemical composition can also be sterilized by gamma rays or ethylene oxide and injected into a flexible wipe, one or more packets or a bulk hands free dispenser. The invention also includes a method for manufacturing a tattoo stencil chemical composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous composition based on tris-silylated amino-functional silicon compounds, which is substantially free of organic solvents and which substantially does not release any alcohol even during the cross-linking process, and to method for the production thereof, and to the use thereof, for example for the hydrophobization of metal, glass or mineral surfaces, such as concrete and bricks, as adhesion promoter or for rock consolidation, among other things.

Abstract: Provided herein are cementitious compositions including hydraulic cement, supplementary cementitious material, and/or self-cementing material. Such compositions may be made from carbonate brines. Methods and systems for making the compositions and using the compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A cement-based composition which comprises a mixture of a hyrdratable, cement-based composition and a compound comprising a metallic cationic species, the compound being in particulate form, the particles of the particulate compound having a lipid coating.

Abstract: A calcium phosphate cement composition kit comprising (A) a powdery agent comprising 100 parts by mass of calcium phosphate powder, and 5-50 parts by mass of a powdery apatite/collagen composite, and (B) an aqueous blending liquid; a paste-like mixture being obtained by blending the powdery agent with the aqueous blending liquid, in such a proportion that the aqueous blending liquid is 15-50 parts by mass per the total amount (100 parts by mass) of the calcium phosphate powder and the powdery apatite/collagen composite, and filled in a predetermined prosthetic site in a human body to form a hardened calcium phosphate/collagen composite.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus and process for manufacturing a brick or paver with a high content of coal ash (ranging from 60% to 100% coal ash or fly ash) so that a waste product (coal ash, and more particularly Class F coal ash) from a coal-fired power plant is incorporated into a building product (high content fly ash brick or paver). Also provided is a variable firing tray to support the dried, high content coal ash bricks/pavers as the dried products are sent through a tunnel kiln, to improve circulation around the individual bricks/pavers and thereby result in reduced firing time in the kiln.

Abstract: Techniques are generally described for producing cement clinker that includes forming cement clinker in a kiln, heating waste additives, and applying the heated waste additives to the cement clinker in the kiln. Additionally, examples are generally described that include an apparatus for producing cement clinker that includes a kiln in which cement clinker is formed and a device having an opening positioned inside the kiln which provides heated waste additives to the kiln for application to the cement clinker. An example device for applying waste additives to cement clinker includes an eductor configured to receive waste additives and transport air in which the waste additives are pneumatically entrained, and includes a lance coupled to the eductor and configured to receive the pneumatically entrained waste additives and receive a support gas that reacts with the waste additives and heats the same for application to the cement clinker.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cement mortar body (2) made up of an aggregate (4) with silica content of around 99.5% which is formed by particles with a rounded surface and particle size between 0.1 and 1 mm The existing interstices of the body are filled with an ettringite binder (6) derived from hydrating cement particles (5) with particle size of around 5 microns, and with the actual cement particles (5), perfectly hydrated. The body (2) can include microparticles (7) and colloidal materials in the interstices formed between the particles of aggregate (4), the ettringite binder (6) and the cement particles (5). The interstices created between the particles of aggregate (4), the cement particles (5) with ettringite binder (6), the microparticles (7) and the colloidal materials can include nanoparticles (8). The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing said mortar body.

Abstract: A desk including a book holder positioned at a predetermined angle relative to the surface of the desk. In one embodiment the book holder is deployable, and the desk surface includes a recess into which the deployable book holder fits when the deployable book holder is in the closed position. The recess optionally includes a rubber surface to avoid slipping of the bottom edge of a book (such as a text book) when the book is being held up with the deployable book holder. In another embodiment a deployable book holder includes an aperture, and a recess includes an island. In various embodiments, a proximal end of a desk surface, closest to where a user sits, may be wider than the distal end to provide adequate arm room for the user.

Abstract: Apparatus for facilitating the operation of computer systems connected to very large display systems. The invention comprises monitor and keyboard supports which are independently adjustable vertically, horizontally, and angularly. The keyboard support is designed to allow the monitor to pass behind for any given vertical, horizontal, or angular orientation of the monitor relative to the keyboard. The invention is configurable to facilitate operators in the standing or sitting positions and can collapse to allow mobility through typical doorways.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable assembly type flat bench, and more particularly, to a portable assembly type flat bench in which a plurality of supports are spaced apart from each other by an equal spacing in the front and rear directions and left and right directions, and interconnected through a connection panel, to thereby reduce the volume of the bench and to thus enable easy carrying and storage, and easy assembly and disassembly, and to enable the size of the bench to be freely adjusted.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for the conveyance of hot material (2) out of at least one combustion boiler (3), having at least one conveyor (4) for conveying the hot material (2) from a material reception region (5) of the at least one conveyor (4) from a material delivery space (6) of the at least one conveyor (4) along a conveying section (7) and at least one housing (13) surrounding the at least one conveyor (4), at least one oxidant feed (23) being arranged in or on the at least one housing (13) along the conveying section (7) at a distance from the material delivery space (6).

Abstract: Methods of combining seeds that have been differentially treated with various single or blended insecticides and/or other additives for low risk attract-and-kill or push-pull strategies for the management of insect pests such as wireworms are disclosed. A combination of seeds for controlling insect pests is also disclosed. The combination comprises a First seed treated with one or more insecticides; and a Second seed for attracting and/or directing soil insect pests to the First seed. The invention describes various combinations of First and Second seeds, where pest insects are directed to ultimately end up at the First seeds that have been treated with a lethal insecticide, and the Second seeds act in various ways to increase control efficacy by attracting and/or directing the pest insects to the First seeds.

Abstract: A method of managing timberland to optimize the combined revenue of a softwood tree crop and an energy crop generally includes planting a softwood tree crop in adjacent first and second rows, wherein the softwood tree crop has a tree spacing between adjacent trees and a row spacing in the range of about 15 to about 25 feet between the first and second rows, planting an energy crop in the row spacing, wherein the energy crop is a regenerating lignocellulosic energy crop, and periodically harvesting the energy crop. Methods of managing timberland to optimize the plot growth rate for a plot including a softwood tree crop and an energy crop, and to optimize the total plot volume of a softwood tree crop and an energy crop are also provided.

Abstract: A seed feeding apparatus includes a feed assembly with a V-shaped groove with at least one moving wall and a pocket formed by the walls of the groove and a pocket plate configured to substantially conform to the groove. The pocket plate is located such that the moving wall moves upward at the pocket. Seeds are received and form a pile in the pocket. As the moving wall moves, seeds fall from the pile to the bottom of the groove with sides of the seeds bearing against the walls of the groove such that the seeds are aligned in single file along the bottom of the groove and move upward over the upper edge of the groove and then fall out of the groove one at a time at a constant rate into a furrow.

Abstract: A thread cutter for a sewing machine includes a first thread seizing assembly reciprocally movable and having a distal end with a first thread seizing portion, a second thread seizing assembly seizing needle and bobbin threads both having been seized by the first assembly during a backward movement of reciprocation of the first assembly, cutting the needle and bobbin threads in cooperation with a cutting blade, and a thread cutting frame supporting the first assembly and formed with a single elongated groove supporting the first assembly so that the first assembly is movable. The elongated groove includes a linear proximal end groove, an oblique portion, and a main groove and being shaped such that the proximal end groove is translated slightly forward through the oblique portion. When moved backward in the reciprocation, the first assembly is swung so that the first thread seizing portion comes close to the second assembly.

Abstract: Alignment mechanisms are provided for use in conjunction with manufacture of a flat-seam construction made up of a number of sequentially formed stitches and formed on a portion of one or more stitchable materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vessel or a floating structure operating in ice-covered waters comprising a hull or the like (1, 1?) including at least one bow-like end or a similar hull portion (2, 2?), which is exposed to the loading effect of the ice, while the ice or the vessel is moving. Said bow-like end or a similar hull portion (2, 2?), in the underwater part of the hull, is equipped with means for leading one or several strong, mainly upwards-directed flows of water towards the ice or the ice field encountered by the bow-like end or a similar hull portion (2, 2?). The invention also relates to a method of using the vessel or the floating structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sailing vessel control device comprising: a cleat means, a resistance means, a line having a first end located through the cleat means and a second end attached to the resistance means, and a sensor adapted to detect the extent to which the line is pulled through the cleat means and to output a line signal corresponding to the position of the line for use in controlling the sailing vessel. The line signal which can be used to control the sail(s) of the vessel can be generated in a traditional, manual manner (i.e. by pulling on the line). This allows emulation of traditional sailing rigging to control a sailing vessel electronically and thus technological innovation can be incorporated into the sailing experience without detracting from the sailor's enjoyment.

Abstract: A mooring leg connector for use with a mooring leg extending up from the sea floor to connect a floating structure to be moored to the seabed wherein disconnection and connection of the mooring leg is done by pulling in and out a connector elongated body extending in the mooring leg direction.

Abstract: A cover mechanism comprises a support frame with base supports and a multi-part expandable cover engaged with the base supports by grappling members or other means. The expandable cover may have a pliable exterior cover and a set of integral ribs, the expandable cover being foldable when not deployed and being expandable to form a self-supporting structure when deployed. The base supports may provide a sliding track for the grappling members to facilitate expansion of the cover. The base supports may be adapted to rest on the ground or buoyant so that the cover can be used with watercraft. The expandable cover may be deployed by pivoting it from a folded position to an upright position, sliding the cover along the base support tracks, and pivoting the cover from the front of the base supports downwards, forming an enclosure thereby.

Abstract: A bookmark for marking pages in a book includes a laminar element for insertion between laminar book parts. A magnetic clip provides attractive clipping force through a laminar book part for gripping the laminar book part. A hinge part defines at least one abutment area in which the hinge part abuts the laminar book part. A releasable page holder includes a flexible element and a page retaining element, the flexible element being attached, at a first end, to the laminar element and, at a second end, to the page retaining element. The first end is located adjacent an edge of the laminar book part and extends from the first end along an edge of the laminar book part, and the second end is movable with respect to the first end by means of flexing of the flexible element away from the laminar book part towards the second end of the elongate flexible element, to enable the page retaining element to engage and retain the page whilst the bookmark is held in place on the laminar book part by the magnetic clip.

Abstract: Silicon single crystals having suppressed deformation and dislocations and the successful omission of the tail section are produced by growing the straight-body section of the silicon single crystal under the influence of a horizontal magnetic field with a magnetic flux density at its magnetic center being ?1000 Gauss, and ?2000 Gauss, reducing the lifting speed of the silicon single crystal relative to the surface of the melt to 0 mm/minute, maintaining a static state until there is a decrease in the apparent weight of the silicon single crystal, then further maintaining the static state so that the entire growth front of the silicon single crystal forms a convex shape protruding in a direction opposite to the lifting direction of the silicon single crystal, and separating the silicon single crystal from the melt.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method for growing a group III nitride crystal that has a large size and has a small number of pits formed in the main surface of the crystal by using a plurality of tile substrates. A method for growing a group III nitride crystal includes a step of preparing a plurality of tile substrates 10 including main surfaces 10m having a shape of a triangle or a convex quadrangle that allows two-dimensional close packing of the plurality of tile substrates; a step of arranging the plurality of tile substrates 10 so as to be two-dimensionally closely packed such that, at any point across which vertexes of the plurality of tile substrates 10 oppose one another, 3 or less of the vertexes oppose one another; and a step of growing a group III nitride crystal 20 on the main surfaces 10m of the plurality of tile substrates arranged.

Abstract: A lid for a crystal growth chamber crucible is constructed by forming arcuate sector-shaped portions and coupling them in abutting relationship, for example by welding, to form an annular profile fabricated lid. The arcuate sector-shaped portions may be formed and removed from a lid fabrication blank with less waste than when unitary annular lids are formed and removed from a similarly sized fabrication blank. For example, the sector-shaped portions may be arrayed in an undulating pattern on the fabrication sheet.

Abstract: A gluing mechanism comprising a platform, a plurality of turn tables set on the platform for workpieces, a motor for driving the turn tables and a gluing device firmly set up on the platform. The gluing device comprises a forward assembly, an elevator, a panning assembly and a plurality of glue applicators. The forward assembly is set on the platform and moves along a shorter side of the platform. The elevator is set on the forward assembly and moves relative to the platform vertically. The panning assembly is set on the elevator and moves along a longer side of the platform. The glue applicators are installed on the panning assembly. The motor drives the turn tables simultaneously. The gluing mechanism of the present invention has benefits of simple structure, a high working efficiency and proceeds a precise rotary gluing process to workpieces. Therefore, an excellent gluing quality can be realized.

Abstract: An improved system for application of liquid streams to a substrate. The system incorporates open face flow channels for carrying the liquid away from fully enclosed flow segments prior to discharge along an unconstrained flow path. The present invention further provides an improved, self-aligning modular assembly for delivery of impingement jet to the liquid streams for diverting the direction of the liquid streams. The present invention further provides an improved arrangement for collection of the deflected liquid in response to application of the impingement jet without excess residue build-up.

Abstract: An improved system for application of liquid streams to a substrate. The system incorporates open face flow channels for carrying the liquid away from fully enclosed flow segments prior to discharge along an unconstrained flow path. The present invention further provides an improved, self-aligning modular assembly for delivery of impingement jet to the liquid streams for diverting the direction of the liquid streams. The present invention further provides an improved arrangement for collection of the deflected liquid in response to application of the impingement jet without excess residue build-up.

Abstract: Provided is an electrostatic coating apparatus capable of insulating an electric motor electrically from a member, to which an electrostatic high voltage is applied, and reducing the size and weight of the electrostatic coating apparatus. This electrostatic coating apparatus comprises a rotary atomizing head, to which high voltage is electrostatically applied, an electrostatically grounded AC servomotor, and a spindle and a fixed insulating member for insulating the AC servomotor electrically from the rotary atomizing head and a speed-increasing device to be set at the same potential as that of the former. The spindle and the fixed insulating member have insulation distance enlarging portions of the mode, in which the creepage insulation distances from the speed-increasing device to the AC servomotor are enlarged.

Abstract: According to this embodiment, a semiconductor substrate manufacturing apparatus for epitaxial growth in which gases are supplied to a wafer placed on a susceptor and in which a heater is provided on the back surface of the susceptor. As a result of this epitaxial growth, SiC film is deposited onto the susceptor in the film-forming chamber. The susceptor is then moved into a separate chamber and the SiC film deposited on the susceptor during the epitaxial process is removed. After removal of SiC film, regeneration of the SiC film of the susceptor occurs. This semiconductor substrate manufacturing apparatus makes it possible to remove film deposited on a susceptor during epitaxial growth that would otherwise limit manufacturing yield.

Abstract: In a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device by forming a structure film on a substrate in a reaction chamber of a manufacturing apparatus, cleaning inside the reaction chamber is performed. That is, a precoat film made of a silicon nitride film containing boron is deposited on an inner wall of the reaction chamber, a silicon nitride film not containing boron is formed as the structure film on the substrate in the reaction chamber, and the inner wall of the reaction chamber is dry etched to be cleaned. At this time, the dry etching is terminated after boron is detected in a gas exhausted from the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for oxidizing materials used in semiconductor integrated circuits, for example, for oxidizing silicon to form a dielectric gate. An ozonator is capable of producing a stream of least 70% ozone. The ozone passes into an RTP chamber through a water-cooled injector projecting into the chamber. Other gases such as hydrogen to increase oxidation rate, diluent gas such as nitrogen or O2, enter the chamber through another inlet. The chamber is maintained at a low pressure below 20 Torr and the substrate is advantageously maintained at a temperature less than 800° C. Alternatively, the oxidation may be performed in an LPCVD chamber including a pedestal heater and a showerhead gas injector in opposition to the pedestal.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a vertical CVD system having a processing chamber that is capable of processing multiple substrates. The multiple substrates are disposed on opposite sides of the processing source within the processing chamber, yet the processing environments are not isolated from each other. The processing source is a horizontally centered vertical plasma generator that permits multiple substrates to be processed simultaneously on either side of the plasma generator, yet independent of each other. The system is arranged as a twin system whereby two identical processing lines, each with their own processing chamber, are arranged adjacent to each other. Multiple robots are used to load and unload the substrates from the processing system. Each robot can access both processing lines within the system.

Abstract: A film-forming apparatus includes a processing chamber, and TiCl4 gas and NH3 gas are supplied into the processing chamber for forming a TiN film on a substrate W in the processing chamber by CVD. The processing chamber has a gas exhaust system. The gas exhaust system includes a gas exhaust pipe for exhausting the exhaust gas in the processing chamber a trap mechanism provided to the gas exhaust pipe for trapping a by-product in the exhaust gas, and a heated reaction gas supply mechanism for supplying a heated reaction gas into the exhaust gas. The heated reaction gas is adapted to react with a component in the exhaust gas to produce a by-product. Specifically, NH3 gas is supplied by the heated reaction gas supply mechanism as the heated reaction gas, and NH4Cl is produced as the by-product.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a vertical CVD system having a processing chamber that is capable of processing multiple substrates. The multiple substrates are disposed on opposite sides of the processing source within the processing chamber, yet the processing environments are not isolated from each other. The processing source is a horizontally centered vertical plasma generator that permits multiple substrates to be processed simultaneously on either side of the plasma generator, yet independent of each other. The system is arranged as a twin system whereby two identical processing lines, each with their own processing chamber, are arranged adjacent to each other. Multiple robots are used to load and unload the substrates from the processing system. Each robot can access both processing lines within the system.

Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition device includes a chamber, a gas input assembly, a gas output assembly, a heating device, and a driving module. The chamber includes a first side, a second side and a deposition area defined between the first side and the second side. The second side is opposite to the first side. The gas input assembly is positioned at the first side of the chamber. The gas input assembly includes a jet module. The jet module faces the deposition area to introduce reaction gases. The gas output assembly is positioned at the second side of the chamber. The gas output assembly exhausts the gases in the chamber. The heating device heats the deposition area. The driving module drives a deposition roll located in the deposition area.

Abstract: A plasma stream-derived deposited matter formed on an annular rib for droplet capture in a plasma processing apparatus is prevented from falling into a plasma generation portion and causing a short circuit. The annular rib for the droplet capture is divided into multiple rib segments. Thus, from the beginning of the formation of the deposited matter on the annular rib due to the aggregation of the material in the plasma stream, it is possible to reduce the size of the deposited matter. By reducing the size of this deposited matter, when a piece of the deposited matter falls into the plasma generation portion, the piece of the deposited matter gets into a groove portion provided between a cathode and a wall surface of the plasma generation portion, thereby preventing the electrical short circuit between the cathode and the wall surface.

Abstract: A susceptor and an apparatus for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are provided. The susceptor includes a main body configured to include a mounting unit having an uneven plane, and a substrate supporting unit configured to be seated on the mounting unit. A bottom surface of the substrate supporting unit has a shape corresponding to a shape of the mounting unit, and the mounting unit includes a gas discharge hole to discharge gas to the substrate supporting unit. Accordingly, accurate positioning of the substrate supporting unit may not be required when the substrate supporting unit is being returned. Also, the vapor deposition may be stably performed.

Abstract: There is provided a deposition head capable of discharging a material gas having a uniform flow rate and equi-thermal property from each component in a large-sized substrate as well as a conventional small-sized one for forming a uniform thin film. A deposition apparatus including the deposition head is also provided. The deposition head is provided within a deposition apparatus for forming a thin film on a substrate and configured to discharge a material gas toward the substrate. The deposition head includes an outer casing, and an inner casing provided within the outer casing and into which the material gas is introduced. In the inner casing, an opening configured to discharge the material gas toward the substrate is formed, and a heater configured to heat the material gas is provided at an outer surface of the outer casing or in a space between the outer casing and the inner casing.

Abstract: A reaction apparatus for a semiconductor fabrication apparatus, wherein the reaction apparatus includes at least two adjustable outlet ports for withdrawing reactant gases from the reaction chamber. Adjustment of the flow rate through each of the outlet ports selectively modifies the flow pattern of the reactant gases within the reaction chamber to maintain a desired flow pattern therewithin, such as a substantially uniform flow over the surface of a substrate being processed, and/or minimization of turbulence within the reactor.

Abstract: A system that attached to mechanized milking equipment allows its automation that solves the subclinical mastitis by “differentiating” among each individual mammary quarter the time when teat cups must be removed after the milk is over, in an asynchronous and independent manner from other teat cups. Minimize the negative consequences of over-milking as a results of not removing teat cups on time after the milk flow has stopped; reduces economic, financial and productivity problems arisen as a result of subclinical mastitis mainly caused by over-milking; thus improving the product quality and amount. Mastitis produces somatic cells in milk, the greater the amount of these cells the lower the price received by the producer. Damage to the mammary gland may be permanent resulting in the loss of the gland and may be contagious.

Abstract: The instant invention describes a drinking container for dispensing limited amounts of a liquid to an animal, generally comprising a top portion constructed and arranged to engage a bottom portion, and a bottom portion. The bottom portion has a first end and a second end defined by a bottom wall. Linking the first end of the bottom portion to the bottom wall is a side wall, thereby defining a liquid reservoir for holding a liquid. Engagement of the top portion with the bottom portion defines a drool preventing container constructed and arranged for providing an animal access to a limited amount of liquid stored within the reservoir for holding a liquid, thereby preventing or limiting drool formation as said animal drinks therefrom. The drool preventing container further contains an animal access chamber having a main body defined by a first end linked to an opening centrally positioned along the top portion, and a second end.

Abstract: In abstract this invention is a pressure and water sealed unit small enough to be worn by a swimmer. It contains a rechargeable battery, control interface logic, digital signal generation, and amplification circuitry. It uses a ground balanced electrode system to produce electric fields in the very low impedance environment of water. These fields are organized into patterns called words. These words are presented in a hierarchal pseudo random manner to prevent target organisms from learning and adapting to them. The presentation of these words is controlled by upgradable programing stored within memory. The words evoke central nervous system (CNS) responses which result in sharks leaving the area of operation. These words represent stimuli of predators, navigation signals, noxious events, CNS interference patterns, and other sequences found to repel sharks from the protected area. Reprogrammability allows upgrades to newer sequences.

Abstract: A method of producing shipping containers for transporting livestock on shipping vessels over extended periods including methods of modifying shipping containers to include water distribution, feed distribution, temperature control, air movement, and waste management features.

Abstract: An array of shipping containers and systems for transporting livestock on shipping vessels over extended periods including systems for distributing drinking water and electricity from common resources to an array of shipping containers, where the array of shipping containers can include interconnected shipping containers and/or stacked shipping containers carrying livestock.

Abstract: Methods for transporting livestock and livestock feed in shipping containers and for separating the shipping containers into a livestock storage areas and feed storage areas for the measured distribution of feed throughout shipment.

Abstract: A livestock blower system, including a housing having one or more air inlets, a first blower chamber, a second blower chamber, and an air outlet in communication with the first blower chamber and the second blower chamber, wherein the air outlet provides for the expulsion of air from the first blower chamber and the second blower chamber onto livestock during use. A first blower assembly disposed inside the first blower chamber and a second blower assembly disposed inside the second blower chamber. The first and second blower assemblies receive air via the one or more air inlets and expel air via the air outlet.

Abstract: A pet toy includes a noise making instrument. In a preferred embodiment, the noise making instrument is a squeaker incorporated within the pet toy by an internal holding pocket that is integrally molded when the pet toy is manufactured. The internal holding pocket frictionally engages the squeaker. The squeaker is located within the protected internal holding pocket such that it is very difficult for the animal to remove the squeaker. Optionally, a control element may be used to activate or deactivate the squeaker.

Abstract: New designs, methods and processes are described that in which laminated devices and configured in a style named the “ortho” style. To form a device in the ortho style, plates or sheets are machined to have apertures and then stacked together such that the apertures connect and fluid can flow through the device in a direction that is substantially parallel to the direction of sheet thickness. Various laminated devices and processes using them are also described. For example, devices in which non-rectangular microchannels conform around reaction chambers or other bodies that need to be heated or cooled, are described. Features that separate or trip boundary layer and enhance heat transfer are also described.