Abstract: An improved tine and tine connection device for removably connecting a tine to a pick-up reel tine bar in an agricultural harvesting machine. The improved tine incorporates an elastomeric portion interconnecting the tine fingers and the tine bar which enables limited tines movement relative to the tine bar. The elastomeric portion may also be shaped to fit around the tine bar enabling the elastomeric portion to also function as the tine mount. The tine mount is configured to enable installation by hand or using only simple tools and, once installed, provide sufficient connection strength to retain the tine in position during reel operation.

Abstract: A fan portion of a dual flow turbojet engine including a plurality of fan blades, a disk supporting the blades and configured to be rotated relative to a stator portion of the fan, along a longitudinal axis of the fan, and a system for setting the angle of attack associated with each fan blade, the systems configured such that the angle of attack of each blade varies according to a same setting law according to the angular position of the blade relative to the stator portion, along the longitudinal axis, the same setting law being periodic with a period of P=360°/n, where n is an integer at least equal to 1.

Abstract: A powertrain includes an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber and an aftertreatment system. A method for reducing NOx emissions in the powertrain includes monitoring an actual exhaust gas feedstream ratio of NO2 to NO, monitoring a desired exhaust gas feedstream ratio of NO2 to NO, comparing the actual and the desired exhaust gas feedstream ratios of NO2 to NO, and selectively initiating a NO2 generation cycle based upon the comparison of the actual and the desired exhaust gas feedstream ratios of NO2 to NO comprising injecting fuel mass into the combustion chamber after a primary combustion event.

Abstract: A system assembly detects the amount of reducing agent and the amount of pollutant in an exhaust gas. The system assembly has a first pollutant sensor, which is cross-sensitive to the reducing agent, and is provided for emitting a first measuring signal proportional to the amount of pollutant in the exhaust gas for use in front of a filtering device for the selective reducing of the reducing agent or the pollutant in the exhaust gas. A second pollutant sensor, which is also cross-sensitive to the reducing agent, emits a second measuring signal proportional to the amount of pollutant in the exhaust gas for use behind the filtering device.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment system for an internal combustion engine comprises an insulating and cushioning mat material disposed in the exhaust treatment system and a film laminate sleeve vacuum packed and sealing the insulating and cushioning mat material therein.

Abstract: Described is a catalyst comprising a substrate and a catalyst coating of two or more layers: (a) a first layer comprising Pt and/or Pd on the substrate; and (b) a second layer comprising Pt on the first layer; these layers each further comprising: one or more particulate support materials; one or more oxygen storage component (OSC) materials; and one or more nitrogen oxide storage materials comprising one or more elements selected from the group of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals, wherein the total amount of alkali and alkaline earth metals ranges from 0.18 to 2.5 g/in3 calculated as the respective alkali metal oxides M2O and alkaline earth metal oxides MO. Also described is a method for the production of a catalyst, as well as a process for the treatment of a gas stream comprising nitrogen oxide, in particular of an exhaust gas stream resulting from an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Described is a catalyst comprising a substrate and a catalyst coating of two or more layers: (a) a first layer comprising Pd and Rh on the substrate; and (b) a second layer comprising Pt and/or Pd on the first layer; these layers each further comprising: one or more particulate support materials; one or more oxygen storage component (OSC) materials; and one or more nitrogen oxide storage materials comprising one or more elements selected from the group of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals, wherein the total amount of alkali and alkaline earth metals ranges from 0.18 to 2.0 g/in3 calculated as the respective alkali metal oxides M2O and alkaline earth metal oxides MO. Also described is a method for the production of a catalyst, as well as a process for the treatment of a gas stream, in particular of an exhaust gas stream resulting from an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An exhaust purification system is provided with an NOx storage reduction catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage and an SOx trap material arranged upstream of the NOx storage reduction catalyst and removes SOx contained in exhaust gas. A main flow path has a secondary flow path connected to it. In the secondary flow path, a removal device is arranged for removing the sulfur constituent contained in fuel. The secondary flow path includes an opening and closing device. When the SOx removal rate of the SOx trap material becomes a predetermined removal rate judgment value or less or the concentration of the SOx which flows into the SOx trap material becomes a predetermined concentration judgment value or more, at least part of the fuel flowing through a main flow path is made to flow into the secondary flow path and run through the removal device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a hydraulic hybrid vehicle (2) having a primary (5) and a hydraulic (6) drive unit, which is operated with a hydraulic medium for creating a positive or negative torque, said medium being delivered in different operational states by means of the hydraulic drive unit (6) from a hydropneumatic low pressure accumulator (12) into a hydropneumatic high pressure accumulator (11) or is discharged from the hydropneumatic high pressure accumulator (11) into the hydropneumatic low pressure accumulator (12) for driving the hydraulic drive unit (6). In order to further increase the safety and/or the driving comfort during the operation of the hydraulic hybrid vehicle having a primary drive unit and a hydraulic drive unit, the pressure and/or the temperature or a change of the pressure and/or the temperature is detected in the hydropneumatic high pressure accumulator (11) in order to monitor the torque generated by the hydraulic drive unit (6).

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices for optimizing thermal efficiency within a gas compression system are described herein. In some embodiments, a device can include a first hydraulic cylinder, a second hydraulic cylinder, and a hydraulic actuator. The first hydraulic cylinder has a first working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the first hydraulic cylinder and which divides the first hydraulic cylinder into a first hydraulic chamber and a second hydraulic chamber. The second hydraulic cylinder has a second working piston disposed therein for reciprocating movement in the second hydraulic cylinder and which divides the second hydraulic cylinder into a third hydraulic chamber and a fourth hydraulic chamber. The hydraulic actuator can be coupled to the first or second working piston, and is operable to move the first and second working pistons in a first direction and a second direction such that volume in the hydraulic chambers are reduced accordingly.

Abstract: In a drive train device, in particular a motor vehicle drive train device, with a working fluid pressure system for providing an operating fluid pressure including at least a first and a second operating fluid pressure source connected in at least one operating state directly to the working fluid pressure system, and a lubricating and cooling fluid pressure system with an operating fluid pressure deviating from the operating fluid pressure in the working fluid pressure system, a hydraulic switching unit is provided which in at least one operating state connects the second operating fluid pressure source directly to the lubricating and cooling fluid pressure system for increasing the pressure thereof.

Abstract: A compressed-air energy storage system according to embodiments of the present invention comprises a reversible mechanism to compress and expand air, one or more compressed air storage tanks, a control system, one or more heat exchangers, and, in certain embodiments of the invention, a motor-generator. The reversible air compressor-expander uses mechanical power to compress air (when it is acting as a compressor) and converts the energy stored in compressed air to mechanical power (when it is acting as an expander). In certain embodiments, the compressor-expander comprises one or more stages, each stage consisting of pressure vessel (the “pressure cell”) partially filled with water or other liquid. In some embodiments, the pressure vessel communicates with one or more cylinder devices to exchange air and liquid with the cylinder chamber(s) thereof. Suitable valving allows air to enter and leave the pressure cell and cylinder device, if present, under electronic control.

Abstract: A magnetic motor automobile carries a magnetic motor and star rotor compressor to pack high-pressure input air into its on-board storage tanks. The compressor and storage tanks deliver the high-pressure working air and operational flows to several stages of compressors that boost the pressures during driving to very high-pressure, then ultra high-pressure, then super high-pressure, and finally to extremely high-pressure. A pneumatic torque converter uses jets of the extremely high-pressure to turn an input shaft of a transmission and differential. These, in turn, drive the powered wheels of a car.

Abstract: A semi-closed hydraulic system for use with heavy equipment includes a double-acting cylinder, a reservoir, first and second electric motors, first and second electric pumps, a pressure sensor, and a controller. The double-acting cylinder has a rod end and a cap end, and the reservoir is designed to provide hydraulic fluid to and receive hydraulic fluid from the cap end of the double-acting cylinder. The first pump is connected to and designed to be driven by the first electric motor. Furthermore, the first pump is bi-directional and is intermediate to the rod end and the cap end of the double-acting cylinder, such that the first pump is designed to provide hydraulic fluid to the rod end from the cap end, and to the cap end from the rod end. In addition, the second pump is coupled to and designed to be driven by the second electric motor, where the second pump is intermediate to the cap end of the double-acting cylinder and the reservoir.

Abstract: A brake booster includes a housing, a retention cuff, and a spring. The housing defines a passage to an interior chamber. The retention cuff is positioned in the interior chamber about the passage. The spring engages the retention cuff in the interior chamber. The master cylinder arrangement includes a tube member and a brake fluid reservoir. The tube member includes a first end and a second end. The tube member extends through the passage and the retention cuff such that the first end of the tube member is exposed to the interior chamber of the brake booster. The brake fluid reservoir is in fluid communication with the tube member.

Abstract: A machine includes an internal combustion engine mounted on a chassis and having an intake manifold. An air intake system extends from an air inlet to the intake manifold and includes a condensate collection location. The machine also includes a liquid system having a pump that is mechanically coupled to the internal combustion engine. A drain valve is positioned in the air intake system at the condensate collection location and includes a valve member having a closed position and an open position. In the closed position of the valve member, a closing surface of the valve member is exposed to pressurized liquid within the liquid system and the condensate collection location is fluidly blocked from a discharge opening in the air intake system. In the open position of the valve member, the condensate collection location is fluidly connected to the discharge opening.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for controlling a turbocharger system of an internal combustion engine. The method comprises controlling a first bypass valve of a high pressure exhaust gas turbine and a second bypass valve of a low pressure gas turbine on the basis of a turbine model, the first and second bypass valves continuously variable. In this way, turbocharger system efficiency may be maximized.

Abstract: Providing an exhaust gas energy recovery device by which the optimal engine operating condition can be continuously maintained in a manner that the flow rate of the engine exhaust gas fed to the power turbine is regulated so that the scavenging air pressure becomes optimal in order that the engine performance (the fuel consumption rate) corresponding to the engine load and the engine speed becomes optima. The engine exhaust gas energy recovery device provided the engine load detecting sensor, the engine speed detecting sensor and the scavenging air pressure detecting sensor, the device regulating the flow rate of the exhaust gas streaming into the exhaust gas turbocharger via controlling the flow rate of the exhaust gas streaming into the power turbine of the exhaust gas energy recovery device, so that the scavenging air pressure is maintained at an arbitrarily ordered level and the engine is operated under a condition that the fuel consumption rate is minimal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a turbocharger (1) in which, for damping the wastegate flap/wastegate lever system, an axially acting spring element is provided in order to reduce wear. The turbocharger (1) comprises a compressor (2) and a turbine (3) which has a turbine housing (4) and a wastegate device (6) with a regulating flap (7). The flap plate (7?) of the regulating flap (7) is arranged, via a lever (5), on a regulating flap shaft (9) which is guided in the turbine housing (4) by means of a bush (8). Here, the flap plate (7?) is preloaded against the lever (5) by means of a spring element (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a wastegate (7) which is arranged externally with respect to the turbine housing on exhaust manifolds (3) integrated in the cylinder head (2). The internal combustion engine (1) comprises a cylinder head (2) which is provided with an integrated exhaust manifold (3); a turbocharger (4) which has a turbine (5) with a turbine housing (6); and a wastegate (7) which is arranged separately from the turbine housing (6).

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas duct, a suction duct, and an exhaust gas recirculation duct which branches off from the exhaust gas duct and which flows into the suction duct. An exhaust gas mass flow sensor is arranged downstream of a flow stabilization element in the exhaust gas recirculation duct.

Abstract: A system may include an insulated water tank configured to store a first heated water from a first plant component during operation of a plant, and a fuel heater comprising a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat from the first heated water to a fuel for a gas turbine engine during startup of the plant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a steam turbine power plant comprising at least one steam generator that is fueled by lignite, wherein the lignite is indirectly dried in a fluidized bed dryer that is heated at least partially with steam from the water-steam circuit of the steam generator. Said method is characterized in that the flue gas from the steam generator undergoes gas scrubbing to remove CO2 and that the energy required for the gas scrubbing is at least partially extracted from the drying process in the fluidized bed. The invention additionally relates to a device for creating steam from lignite comprising a drying system for the lignite and a device to scrub CO2 from the flue gas, wherein the drying process and the CO2 gas scrubbing are thermally coupled to each other.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method, for converting fluid heat energy to motive force by the heating and pressurization of air, and for storing and delivering motive force to motive force users, which includes at least one air pressurizer. The air pressurizer facilitates the transfer of heat energy contained in a hot fluid to air confined within the air pressurizer, thus pressurizing the air to provide motive force.

Abstract: An air current generating system and method, includes an air source, a passage (105), at least a motor-less air pump device (104) and at least a turbine generating set (102, 103); the passage has an air current inlet connected with the air source and an air current outlet; the motor-less air pump device is mounted at the air current outlet and in the natural wind; the turbine generating set at least includes a rotating blade provided in the passage; the motor-less air pump device is driven by the air current from the air source and/or the outside wind to form negative pressure in the passage, absorbs air from the air source continuously and forms an air current in the passage, wherein the air current rotates the rotating blade to drive the turbine generating set to generate electricity.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a gas turbine combustor having a diffusion combustion burner and a premix combustion burner comprising: a rotating speed detector for detecting a rotating speed of gas turbine, a recorder for recording the detected value of the rotating speed of gas turbine detected by the rotating speed detector, an arithmetic unit for calculating a change with time of the rotating speed of gas turbine in accordance with details of the detected value of the rotating speed of gas turbine recorded in the recorder, and a fuel control unit for judging a starting situation of reduction in the rotating speed of gas turbine on the basis of the change with time of the rotating speed of gas turbine calculated by the arithmetic unit and controlling respectively a fuel flow rate for the diffusion combustion burner to be fed to the diffusion combustion burner installed in the gas turbine combustor and a fuel flow rate for the premix combustion to be fed to the premix combustion burner.

Abstract: The lance of a burner includes a body that defines a first duct with first nozzles for injecting a liquid fuel and a second duct with second nozzles for injecting a gaseous fuel. Outlets of the first nozzles are spaced apart from outlets of the second nozzles. The body includes a third duct with third and fourth nozzles for injecting air. The third nozzles surround an axis of the first nozzles and the fourth nozzles surround an axis of the second nozzles.

Abstract: A method for assembling a fuel injection assembly for use in a turbine engine is provided. The method includes providing at least one cap member that has at least one first opening extending at least partially through it and at least one second opening extending at least partially through it. The method includes coupling a plurality of tube assemblies within the turbine engine. Each tube assembly includes a plurality of tubes. Moreover, the method includes coupling an injection system to the cap member to enable a fluid from a fluid source to be discharged through the at least one second opening. This fluid provides a barrier between adjacent tube assemblies to facilitate reducing dynamic pressure oscillations within the fuel injection assembly during turbine engine operation.

Abstract: Annular combustion chamber (10) to be fitted on a turbomachine and comprising a chamber end wall (22), a plurality of air and fuel injection systems (32) circumferentially distributed around an axis (34) of the combustion chamber (10) and mounted on said chamber end wall (22), and, an air manifold (100) associated with each injection system (32), comprising at least one wall (96, 98) mounted on the chamber end wall (22) and projecting in the upstream direction to form an obstacle to a circumferential airflow around the axis (34) of the combustion chamber (10), and an air inlet opening (88) formed at the upstream end of the air manifold (100) and opening radially outwards from an axis (44) of said injection system.

Abstract: An enhanced cooling system for the downstream end of a combustor liner assembly is provided. The downstream end region of the combustor liner assembly is formed by a subassembly comprising an outer tubular member, an inner tubular member and a middle band. The middle band includes a plurality of undulations having alternating peaks and valleys. The middle band is operatively positioned between the inner and outer tubular members to form a plurality of elongated cooling passages. A turbulence generator is provided along each of the cooling passages and extends radially inward from a portion of the peaks such that the turbulence generator and the valleys contact an outer peripheral surface of the inner tubular member. The surface area of the middle band that is in contact with the inner tubular member is greater than the surface area of the middle band that is in contact with the outer tubular member.

Abstract: A combined cycle power plant includes a gas turbine having a first compressor, a second compressor downstream of the first compressor, and a regenerative heat exchanger between the first and second compressors. A steam generator is downstream of the gas turbine and receives exhaust from the gas turbine. A closed loop cooling system through the regenerative heat exchanger and the steam generator transfers heat from the regenerative heat exchanger to the steam generator. A method for operating a combined cycle power plant includes compressing a working fluid in a compressor and cooling the compressed working fluid with a regenerative heat exchanger so as to create a cooled compressed working fluid. The method further includes transferring heat from the regenerative heat exchanger to a steam generator.

Abstract: A nozzle includes a fuel plenum and an air plenum downstream of the fuel plenum. A primary fuel channel includes an inlet in fluid communication with the fuel plenum and a primary air port in fluid communication with the air plenum. Secondary fuel channels radially outward of the primary fuel channel include a secondary fuel port in fluid communication with the fuel plenum. A shroud circumferentially surrounds the secondary fuel channels. A method for mixing fuel and air in a nozzle prior to combustion includes flowing fuel to a fuel plenum and flowing air to an air plenum downstream of the fuel plenum. The method further includes injecting fuel from the fuel plenum through a primary fuel passage, injecting fuel from the fuel plenum through secondary fuel passages, and injecting air from the air plenum through the primary fuel passage.

Abstract: A system for providing hydrogen enriched fuel includes first and second gas turbines. The second gas turbine receives a portion of compressed working fluid from the first gas turbine and produces a reformed fuel, and a fuel skid provides fluid communication between a turbine in the second gas turbine and a combustor in the first gas turbine. A method for providing hydrogen enriched fuel includes diverting a portion of a first compressed working fluid from a first compressor to a second compressor and providing a second compressed working fluid from the second compressor. The method further includes mixing a fuel with the second compressed working fluid in a reformer to produce a reformed fuel, flowing the reformed fuel through a second turbine to cool the reformed fuel, and connecting the second turbine to the second compressor so that the second turbine drives the second compressor.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine, in which gases flow upstream to downstream, including a combustion chamber, a high-pressure turbine placed downstream from the combustion chamber, arranged so as to receive combustion gases from the combustion chamber, a free turbine, and an exhaust-gas guide cone attached to the free turbine downstream from the free turbine, the turbine engine emitting sound waves during operation. The guide cone includes a sound suppressor, for example with a Helmholtz resonator structure, with a resonant cavity and a resonator neck in communication with an opening, arranged so as to suppress the sound waves emitted by the turbine engine.

Abstract: A space efficient system especially suited for use as an entirely self-contained stand-alone unit usable in any of multiple contexts where heating or cooling of a defined-volume or enclosure is required. Hot or cold sides of the thermoelectric assemblies face toward one another into a central airflow that enters and exits a housing through a top or bottom of the housing that faces into the enclosure, and the opposite sides of the thermoelectric modules face into channels on opposite sides of the central airflow. The channels can be connected to intake and exhaust air through a common end of the housing, or be separated to individually intake and exhaust air at opposing ends of the housing. Fastener-free mounting of components between insulation shells that cooperate with the thermoelectric assemblies to define the channel boundaries results in tool-free configurability of components for servicing, maintaining, reconfiguring, scaling or customizing of the system.

Abstract: A fuel gas supply system of a vessel, such as an LNG carrier, is provided for supplying fuel gas to a high-pressure gas injection engine of an LNG carrier, wherein LNG is extracted from an LNG storage tank of the LNG carrier, compressed at a high pressure, gasified, and then supplied to the high-pressure gas injection engine. In one embodiment, the system includes a boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus for reliquefying boil-off gas generated in the LNG tank.

Abstract: An arrangement with at least one superconductive cable (1) is indicated which is arranged in a cryostat (KR) serving for guiding a cooling agent, wherein the cryostat (KR) includes at least one thermally insulated metal pipe to the outside of the cryostat (KR) is applied an electrically well conductive material that is composed of at least two strands (6, 7) which are wound one above the other with oppositely pitched direction around the cryostat (KR). The strands are connected fixedly and immovably to the cryostat (KR) at fixed points (8) mounted at axial spacings.

Abstract: The invention relates to working equipment that uses one or more jets of high-pressure fluid at a cryogenic temperature, including a source (1) of cryogenic fluid connected to a mobile tool (4) including fluid-dispensing nozzles (11) for dispensing jets of high-pressure cryogenic fluid, and first and second protection enclosures arranged about the mobile tool (4) and connected to suction means (25). The plant further comprises gas sealing means (23) suitable for and designed to form at least one gas protection barrier between the two enclosures (20, 23) due to the supply of a dry gas into the second enclosure (23). The invention also relates to a method for implementing same and to the use thereof for the surface treatment, blasting, or peeling of a material using a high-pressure cryogenic fluid.

Abstract: Techniques for transferring heat from a heat source to a heat destination, and systems for transferring heat from a heat source to a heat destination are provided. More particularly, techniques and systems for transferring heat by utilizing one or more electrocaloric heat pumps are provided. An example heat pump may include an electrocaloric element for receiving heat from a heat source, and a chamber containing a phase change material, an evaporator and a condenser. Upon altering the voltage applied to the electrocaloric element, the phase change material may transform from a liquid state to a vapor state to transfer heat away from the heat source.

Abstract: A hybrid air conditioning system for a combustion engine vehicle. When the combustion engine is running and a rechargeable battery unit is not at full charge, an electric machine is configured by an MCU control unit as mechanically coupled to the combustion engine, and a battery charger is configured as electrically connected to the rechargeable battery unit such that the electric machine generates electric power to recharge the rechargeable battery unit. When the combustion engine stops and air conditioning is required, the rechargeable battery unit is configured by the MCU control unit as electrically connected to a motor drive, and the electric machine is configured as mechanically coupled to the compressor to provide mechanical power to drive the compressor. This allows the automobile air conditioning system to operate for a limited period of time after the combustion engine stops.

Abstract: Methods and devices that use an engine load condition of a vehicle, for example, the vehicle's engine intake manifold or plenum vacuum, to promote the efficiency of the engine. The methods and devices are operable to control the compressor of the vehicle's air-conditioning system, enabling the compressor to be shut off when the vehicle is under relatively high loads. The methods and devices operate by sensing a parameter indicative of an engine load condition of the vehicle, determining a difference between a reading of the parameter and an average based on multiple readings of the parameter, and then engaging and disengaging the compressor clutch depending on whether the reading of the parameter is above or below the average of the parameter. The compressor clutch is engaged if the engine operates under a high load for a duration that is dependent on the average of the parameter.

Abstract: An air conditioner controls supply of refrigerant so that the refrigerant is first supplied to one or more indoor units in operation from an outdoor unit, and is then supplied to a hot water generator, thereby sufficiently supplying refrigerant to the indoor units in heating operation even when the hot water generator is operated.

Abstract: It is aimed to provide a heat pump type hot-water supply outdoor apparatus that can control a temperature of a compressor shell, according to a water temperature of a water circuit and a temperature of the compressor.

Abstract: A method includes providing a standard supply of electrical power to a defrost heater during a standard defrost cycle for a refrigeration system of an appliance, detecting a high energy demand period during the standard defrost cycle, and enabling a reduced consumption of electrical power by the defrost heater in a low power defrost cycle.

Abstract: An isolated cold plate refrigeration system provides a cargo compartment isolated from a cold plate compartment. A user defines the target temperature of the cargo compartment. When the temperature of the cargo compartment rises above the target temperature and cool air is required to reduce the temperature of the cargo compartment, a cold plate fan is activated to move air from the cold plate compartment to the cargo compartment and from the cargo compartment to the cold plate compartment.

Abstract: A cooling system including an evaporator to exchange heat with air, a frost detector installed on the evaporator to detect frost, and a control unit to determine whether a current time corresponds to a frost detection point, to control the frost detector to operate when the current time corresponds to the frost detection point, and to control a defrosting operation based on a frost detection signal from the frost detector. It is possible to accurately detect the amount of frost formed on the evaporator by executing the frost detection under constant frost detection environmental conditions.

Abstract: A CO2 refrigeration system comprises a refrigeration circuit in which circulates CO2 refrigerant between a compression stage in which the CO2 refrigerant is compressed. A condensation stage is provided in which the CO2 refrigerant releases heat and is accumulated in a condensation reservoir. An evaporation stage is provided in which the CO2 refrigerant is expanded to a gaseous state to absorb heat from a fluid for refrigeration, with at least a portion of CO2 refrigerant exiting the evaporation stage being directed to a supra-compression circuit comprising a supra-compression stage in which the portion of CO2 refrigerant is compressed. A heat exchanger is provided by which the compressed CO2 refrigerant is in a heat-exchange relation with a secondary-refrigerant circuit, such that the compressed CO2 refrigerant releases heat to a secondary refrigerant used for heating purposes. Pressure-regulating means control a pressure of the compressed CO2 refrigerant being returned to the condensation stage.

Abstract: A system for cooling a space in a vehicle comprises a sorption wheel, at least one heat exchanger, at least a first humidifier unit and at least one fuel cell, wherein the sorption wheel is adapted for drying ambient air and for conveying dried process air to the downstream heat exchanger and the heat exchanger is adapted for cooling process air, with the heat exchanger being connected to the first humidifier unit for humidifying cooled process air, and wherein the fuel cell is connected to the sorption wheel and adapted for making available fuel cell exhaust air for regenerating the sorption wheel and water to be introduced into the first humidifier unit.

Abstract: Provided is a centrifugal-chiller including one variable-speed centrifugal-compressor and one constant-speed centrifugal-compressor and capable of high-efficiency operation.

Abstract: An extra low temperature refrigeration system consisting of a two-stage compressor that has an electronic controller. The electronic controller controls an electric expansion valve in the evaporator, which modulates the true superheat. There is also an electric pressure control valve in the condenser, which modulates the head pressure in cool mode, and the suction pressure in defrost mode. The defrost cycle uses a reversing valve. The liquid refrigerant for the inter-stage sub-cooling circuit is constantly provided by a sub-condenser separated from a conventional one condenser system. Therefore, the system provides constant cooling for the compressor motor windings as the compressor runs. There is a one-way pathway from the main condenser circuit to the sub-condenser circuit. This pathway will call for more refrigerant from the main circuit to the sub-cooling circuit as demanded. The inter-stage sub-cooling circuit uses an electric expansion valve true superheat control for its sub-cooler.