Abstract: A PM-sensor having a sensor element is provided to an exhaust pipe. The sensor element has a concaved chamber on a particulate matter detection surface of an insulating substrate body, and a detection electrode formed on a bottom surface of the chamber. An insulating protecting layer covers an upper opening of the concaved chamber. The insulating protecting layer has a plurality of penetrating holes through which only particulate matter to be detected can passes.

Abstract: There is provided a method of monitoring for the presence of phosphate esters in jet fuel. The method comprises obtaining from a jet fuel source a jet fuel test sample suspected of containing phosphate esters. The method further comprises combining the jet fuel test sample with a polar solvent and a nonpolar solvent to form a mixture. The method further comprises agitating the mixture. The method further comprises extracting the polar solvent from the mixture. The method further comprises performing a combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometer analysis of the polar solvent to monitor for the presence of any phosphate esters and to obtain an actual concentration level of any phosphate esters. The method further comprises comparing the actual concentration level of any phosphate esters with a calibration standard concentration of phosphate esters in clean jet fuel.

Abstract: In a fast gas chromatograph (GC) method and device for obtaining fast gas chromatography analysis, a capillary gas chromatography column is inserted into a resistively heated metal tube located mostly outside a standard gas chromatograph oven, which may serve as a heated transfer line to a flexible column that enters the resistively heated metal tube from its injector and exits into its detector. The fast GC device enables less than one minute full range temperature programming and cooling back analysis cycle time. The fast GC according to one embodiment is combined with mass spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams for the provision of fast analysis cycle time together with highly informative mass spectral information for improved sample analysis and identification.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing compositional analysis of hydrocarbon fluids from well samples up to a C30+ fraction. The method includes the steps of heating a sample to a temperature of about 220° F., and collecting the liquid and gaseous fractions therefrom. Both the liquid and gaseous fractions are analyzed by gas chromatography. Additionally, the volume of the gas, and the volume, molecular weight and mass of the liquid are determined. The results are then analyzed to provide a total composition of the hydrocarbon fluids.

Abstract: A system for measuring the permeance of a material. The permeability of the material may also be derived. The system provides a liquid or high concentration fluid bath on one side of a material test sample, and a gas flow across the opposing side of the material test sample. The mass flow rate of permeated fluid as a fraction of the combined mass flow rate of gas and permeated fluid is used to calculate the permeance of the material. The material test sample may be a sheet, a tube, or a solid shape. Operational test conditions may be varied, including concentration of the fluid, temperature of the fluid, strain profile of the material test sample, and differential pressure across the material test sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for automatically determining the relative solution viscosity and/or the melt volume flow rate of a polymer, during a phase of the process for producing the polymer, where the polymer is in a solution with 10 to 20% by weight of the polymer in an organic solvent. The method includes continuously removing a substream of the polymer solution from a component of the process for producing the polymer, wherein the polymer solution is essentially free from inorganic salts; removing a sample having a volume of from 1 to 10 ?l from the substream; introducing the sample into a gel permeation chromatography apparatus and determining the gel permeation chromatography data for the polymer; and automatically determining the relative solution viscosity and/or the melt volume flow rate of the polymer from the data obtained from the gel permeation chromatogram, on the basis of calibration relationships.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for analyzing a fluid. The apparatus comprises an elongate body having a piston therein defining first and second chambers within the elongate body, an opening through the elongate body in fluidic communication with the second chamber and an actuator operably connected to the piston so as to draw the piston away from the opening. At least a portion of the elongate body is transparent so as to permit a visual comparison of the second fluid and a first fluid contained within the first chamber. The method comprises introducing a volume of a control fluid into the first chamber, slidably and sealably moving the piston in a direction away from the opening so as to draw a volume of a sample fluid into the second chamber and visually comparing the control and the sample fluids to each other.

Abstract: A gravity center neutral eccentric is provided. The gravity-center-neutral eccentric includes an axis of rotation and an eccentric region, wherein the center of mass of the eccentric lies on the axis of rotation. In another embodiment, a center of mass of the eccentric region also lies on the axis of rotation. A measurement device including a gravity center neutral eccentric is also provided.

Abstract: A hardness tester includes a monitor capable of displaying a main screen and an assistant screen; a first test location setter setting an indentation formation location on a test specimen for an initial test; and a second test location setter setting an indentation formation location on the test specimen for a retest. The second test location setter judges whether a new indentation formation location is suitable for a test based on a surface image of the test specimen and a setting condition obtained during the initial test, and, in a case where it is judged that the new indentation formation location is unsuitable for a test, sets again a coordinate point different from the coordinate point of the new indentation formation location as another new indentation formation location.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer indentation method and tester that includes measuring the time taken by a polymeric material to recover a set portion of an initial deformation and use this duration as a material degradation indicator. The recovery time was found to be more sensitive to cable degradation than the specific compressive stiffness (or indenter modulus) measured during the indentation phase, and this high sensitivity was achieved for both thermally aged and irradiated polymer samples.

Abstract: A device for non-destructive in situ inspection of parts of a turbine engine, the device including a stick carrying at its distal end a pivoting finger carrying at one of its ends a blade for supporting an inspection probe, and at its opposite end a skid for bearing against and/or catching on an element of the engine, the skid being movable in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the finger.

Abstract: A malfunction determination apparatus for a cooling apparatus that cools an internal combustion engine by circulating a coolant through an interior of the internal combustion engine, using an electric pump, after the internal combustion engine is started includes: a detection portion that detects the coolant temperature; and a determination portion that determines a malfunction has occurred in a thermostat, if a state in which the detected coolant temperature remains below a first threshold temperature after the electric pump begins operating, following start of the internal combustion engine, continues for at least a pre-determined time. The thermostat is a thermostat for switching from a first passage for circulating the coolant without passage via an interior of a radiator of the cooling apparatus to a second passage for circulating the coolant via the interior of the radiator, as the coolant temperature rises.

Abstract: A pneumatic circuit whereby small amounts of variations in pneumatic pressure in a tire occurring during tire testing can be adjusted in a short time. The pneumatic circuit includes an air supply source which generates compressed air to be supplied to a tire retained in a tire testing device; a pressure regulating valve which regulates the pressure of the compressed air generated; a discharge/supply valve provided downstream of the pressure regulating valve and by which compressed air is supplied to, or discharged from, the tire; a pressure detection unit provided downstream of the discharge/supply valve and which detects the tire pressure inside the tire; and a volume adjustment mechanism provided between the pressure regulating valve and the tire and which increases or decreases the volume of compressed air in an airflow path between the tire and the pressure regulating valve, as well as in the tire.

Abstract: A cable depth gauge and method for determining the depth of a cable embedded in a sidewall of a tire, the cable depth gauge comprising an elongate body having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end having an indicator point set to reference a surface of the tire, the elongate body having a width to determine eligibility if the repair hole being examined meets the minimum size for the repair process and a first measuring region and a second measuring region located at the proximal end of the elongate body, the first measuring region and the second measuring region being at a known distance from the indicator point.

Abstract: A tire module, for installation on an inner side of a pneumatic tire for vehicles, including a device for measuring and/or monitoring of the air pressure in the tire, a transmitter for transmitting radio signals, which contain information about the air pressure in the tire, a mechanical-electrical converter having a bendable piezoelectric element, which converts into electric energy alternating deformations of the piezoelectric element caused by the rolling tire, and a storage device for the electric energy, which is connected to the converter. The converter includes a circular, disc-shaped, piezoelectric element (piezo disc) on which an electrical voltage generated by the piezo effect is tapped at contact points, which are situated on opposite sides of the piezo disc.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for estimating a parameter of interest in a downhole fluid using a fluid analyzer. The fluid analyzer may include: a member configured to vibrate in response to an energy source, a housing to enclose the member and receive a fluid, and a sensor configured to respond to shear waves induced in the fluid by the vibration of the member. The member may be formed at least in part of a material responsive to a magnetic field or a piezoelectric material. Also disclosed is a method of use for the apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determination of the muzzle velocity of a projectile (2) when it emerges from the firing barrel (1) of a shoulder-held weapon. In order not to weaken the firing barrel, it is proposed that a transmitter (3) for transmission of signals be arranged on the end face of the firing barrel (1) and that two sensors (9, 10), which are arranged at a distance d from one another, be arranged in or on the projectile (2) in order to detect the signals transmitted by the transmitter (3) and that these sensors (9, 10) detect a pulse on flying past the transmitter (3), and that the muzzle velocity for the projectile (2) be determined from the time difference between the pulses detected by the two sensors (9, 10).

Abstract: A first conductive line, through which a midpoint electric potential of a first series circuit of a bridge circuit is outputted, is branched from a first midpoint connection on a sensor chip. A second conductive line, through which a midpoint electric potential of a second series circuit of the bridge circuit is outputted, is branched from a second midpoint connection on the sensor chip. The output point of the midpoint electric potential of the first series circuit is provided at a midpoint between two temperature sensor resistors, and the first midpoint connection is provided on a center line of a heater resistor. The output point of the midpoint electric potential of the second series circuit is provided at a midpoint between two temperature sensor resistors, and the second midpoint connection is provided on the center line of the heater resistor.

Abstract: A mount and housing for fluid meter components, including transducers, is directly coupled to fixation points on a pipe exterior circumference without external straps. The mount may be selectively coupled and decoupled from the pipe fixation points. One or more mounts and housings may be arrayed on a pipe exterior in modular fashion, for different metering applications. Similarly, the mount and housing interior optionally may be reconfigurable in modular fashion for orientation and alignment of one or a plurality of transducers or other components for different user applications, without the need for auxiliary alignment tools, templates, measuring instruments or other devices.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining or monitoring a predetermined fill level, a phase boundary or a density of a medium in a container with an oscillatable unit. The oscillatable unit is placed at the height of the predetermined fill level and is excited to oscillate successively with discrete exciter frequencies following one another in a frequency scanning operation (sweep) within a predeterminable frequency band in the working range of the oscillatable unit. The corresponding oscillations of the oscillatable unit are received in the form of received signals; wherein that exciter frequency is ascertained in the frequency scanning operation, at which the oscillatable unit oscillates with an oscillation frequency, which has a predetermined phase shift between the transmission signal and the received signal; and wherein the transmitting/receiving unit excites the oscillatable unit to oscillate with the ascertained oscillation frequency.

Abstract: A device for measuring the physical characteristics of a flow within a pipe is disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, the device comprises a plug attached to two or more strut assemblies, each strut assembly comprising a forward strut, a rearward strut, and a skid having an inner surface that faces the plug, and one or more sensors located on the inner surface of the skid.

Abstract: The invention relates to measuring devices to be used in the measuring of angular velocity and, more precisely, to vibrating micromechanical sensors of angular velocity. In a sensor of angular velocity according to the invention, a mass is supported to the frame of the sensor component by means of an asymmetrical spring structure (1), (2), (3), (4), (22), (24) in such a way, that the coupling from one mode of motion to another, conveyed by the spring (1), (2), (3), (4), (22), (24), cancels or alleviates the coupling caused by the non-ideality due to the skewness in the springs or in their support. The structure of the sensor of angular velocity according to the invention enables reliable measuring with good performance, particularly in small vibrating micromechanical solutions for sensors of angular velocity.

Abstract: The invention relates to measuring devices to be used in the measuring of angular velocity and, more precisely, to vibrating micromechanical sensors of angular velocity. In a sensor of angular velocity according to the invention, a mass is supported to the frame of the sensor component by means of an asymmetrical spring structure (1), (2), (3), (4), (22), (24) in such a way, that the coupling from one mode of motion to another, conveyed by the spring (1), (2), (3), (4), (22), (24), cancels or alleviates the coupling caused by the non-ideality due to the skewness in the springs or in their support. The structure of the sensor of angular velocity according to the invention enables reliable measuring with good performance, particularly in small vibrating micromechanical solutions for sensors of angular velocity.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for sensing are provided. In one embodiment, a sensing system is provided that includes a first electrode array disposed on a proof mass, and a second electrode array disposed on a planar surface of a support structure. The proof mass is attached to the support structure via a compliant coupling such that the first electrode array is positioned substantially parallel to and faces the second electrode array and the proof mass is capable of displacement relative to the support structure. The first electrode array includes a plurality of first patterns of electrodes and the second electrode array includes a plurality of second patterns of electrodes. The sensing system further includes circuitry configured to provide an input voltage to each of the second patterns of electrodes to produce an electrical null position for the first electrode array.

Abstract: A high-g shock accelerometer is provided with an LCC case. A MEMs acceleration sensor is positioned in an interior of the LCC case. The MEMs acceleration sensor has exterior surfaces including top and bottom surfaces and side surfaces. An elastomer is in an adjacent relationship or in contact to a majority of the exterior surfaces and to the interior of the LCC case. The MEMs acceleration sensor with the elastomer attenuates LCC case strain sensitivity while retaining wide band frequency response.

Abstract: A device for measuring a speed of a material includes a body unit disposed at an exit side of a rolling stand and placed below a material which is transferred from the rolling stand; and a speed measuring unit installed on the body unit and constructed to measure a speed of the material transferred from the rolling stand.

Abstract: A system is provided for measuring the resonant frequencies on disc brake pads. The system includes a data recording apparatus and a measuring device in the form of a sensor system. In order to record a maximum number of resonant frequencies, the sensor system consists of two or more microphones.

Abstract: A non-intrusive sensor for in-situ measurement of recession rate of heat shield ablatives. An ultrasonic wave source is carried in the housing. A microphone is also carried in the housing, for collecting the reflected ultrasonic waves from an interface surface of the ablative material. A time phasing control circuit is also included for time-phasing the ultrasonic wave source so that the waves reflected from the interface surface of the ablative material focus on the microphone, to maximize the acoustic pressure detected by the microphone and to mitigate acoustic velocity variation effects through the material through a de-coupling process that involves a software algorithm. A software circuit for computing the location off of which the ultrasonic waves scattered to focus back at the microphone is also included, so that the recession rate of the heat shield ablative may be monitored in real-time through the scan-focus approach.

Abstract: The embodiments contemplate methods and devices for communicating an acoustic emission via an array of transducers and wirelessly communicating data via a transceiver, where the transceiver may be in communication with the array of transducers. Embodiments also contemplate providing power for the acoustic emission via a power source and providing information regarding a temperature sensor to the transceiver. The wirelessly communicated data may include the information regarding the temperature sensor. Embodiments also contemplate processing the wirelessly communicated data at a relatively remote location with respect to both the power source and the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A fibre optical system for pressure measurement has a pressure sensor element (4) with at least two parallel partially reflecting surfaces (5, 7), one of which is arranged on a diaphragm (6) movable with respect to another fixed said surface as a consequence of pressure differences across said diaphragm. Said surfaces are arranged so as to cause interference phenomena of light inciding substantially perpendicularly onto and reflected by the two surfaces depending upon the actual 10 distance between these surfaces. The pressure sensor element is made of material being stable at a continuous temperature up to at least 800° C. At least said diaphragm (6) of the sensor element is made of Si C, and at least a part (23) of the optical fibre (3) connecting to said sensor element is made of a material able to withstand a continuous temperature of at least 800° C.

Abstract: Provided herein are circuitry, a system and a method for conditioning an analog strain gauge signal in real time in the space environment. The circuitry and system provide means of modulating an excitation waveform input signal which in conjunction with a mechanical load applied to the analog strain gauge generate a modulated strain gauge output signal which is subsequently demodulated as the conditioned analog strain gauge signal. Using spread spectrum modulation on the sensor excitation waveform input signal allows operation without generating high levels of EMI. Subsequent demodulation of the sensor output signal in synchrony with amplitude modulating the sensor excitation waveform input signal provides a conditioned strain gauge signal that is a continuous representation of the load at the strain gauge in real time. Also provided is a method of monitoring a docking maneuver in a space environment.

Abstract: The method is for testing load equipment. A trolley is provided that has a housing with an upwardly sloping front segment and an upwardly sloping rear segment. Upwardly directed weights are stacked side-by-side on the front and rear segments so that the weights lean towards each other. The trolley is stopped by engaging the brake support against the ground so that the front segment is substantially parallel to the ground. Weights are added or removed from the trolley by downwardly inserting or upwardly pulling, respectively, the weights without removing any of the wheels. The trolley is connected to lifting equipment. The lifting equipment lifts the trolley from the ground.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and method for evaluating the development of PS during polymerization of dental restorative composites, which includes using a tensometer for measuring deflection of a calibrated cantilever beam induced by PS and calculating PS from the measured deflection. A tensometer according to an embodiment of the present invention can be used to quantify PS at varying beam locations and heights, and determine trend in PS development as a function of beam length. More importantly, in the present invention, the development of polymerization shrinkage and the elastic modulus can be simultaneously obtained in real time.

Abstract: Apparatus for measurement of airflow in a duct is described. The apparatus combines a Pitot tube, sensing apparatus, control apparatus, a display, control switches and a handle into a unitary structure that is holdable with a single hand while performing obtaining measurement data.

Abstract: A measurement arrangement for measuring and/or monitoring a physical property, comprising a measurement device comprising: at least one primary sensing element to be exposed to a product at a measurement site, a remotely located secondary measurement device, and transmission lines connecting said primary sensing elements to said secondary measuring device, suitable for applications wherein the primary sensing elements may be exposed to strong vibrations at the measurement sites, is described, wherein said secondary measurement device is mounted above all primary sensing elements and wherein said transmission lines comprise an inner core, an outer tubular protection conduit enclosing said core, and a vibration absorbing medium filling an interior of said outer protection conduit surrounding said inner core.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a temperature adjustment device (10) for adjusting the temperature of at least one sample container (12), which temperature adjustment device (10) comprises, for optional heat-transferring coupling of the sample container (12) therewith and for isolation of the sample container (12) therefrom, at least one sample container holder (16) extending along a holder axis (A), the temperature adjustment device (10) comprising a first temperature adjustment zone (26) and a second temperature adjustment zone (31) which can be operated separately therefrom, the first and second temperature adjustment zones (26, 31) being arranged in different axial regions of the sample container holder (16) relative to the holder axis (A).

Abstract: A valve for collecting a sample from a contents of a container is provided. The sampling must occur without contamination. To this end, according to the described system, the valve comprises a stationary part securely connected to the tank, a mobile part releaseably connected to the stationary part, and an actuating mechanism for switching between a base position and a switched position. The stationary part comprises a rotatably supported first partial body of a shutoff body substantially rotationally symmetrical about an axis. The mobile part comprises a rotatably supported second partial body of the shutoff body. The first partial body and/or the second partial body comprise a recess for receiving or conveying the sample.

Abstract: A device for sampling fluids that has an outer conduit having a first end connected to a non-pressurized fluid reservoir and a second end adjacent to the testing location that is remote from the fluid reservoir. An inner fluid conduit is positioned within the outer conduit, the inner fluid conduit having a first end extending into the fluid reservoir and the second end adjacent to the testing location, the second end having a connector. A pressure source selectively connects to the connector and selectively applies a vacuum to the second end of the inner fluid conduit to draw fluid from the through the inner fluid conduit and applying pressure to purge the inner fluid conduit of fluid.

Abstract: Certain embodiments provide breakaway drive systems for use in connection with vehicle signage, and methods of use. The breakaway drive system may include an actuator, an actuator breakaway, a shaft breakaway and a drive shaft. The actuator breakaway may be operably connected to the actuator. The actuator breakaway may be configured to be rotated when the actuator is displaced. The shaft breakaway may include a breakaway mechanism for disengagingly connecting the actuator breakaway to the shaft breakaway. The shaft breakaway may rotate in unison with the actuator breakaway when the shafts are operably engaged. The shaft breakaway may not rotate in unison with the actuator breakaway when the shafts are disengaged. The drive shaft may be operably connected to the shaft breakaway such that rotation of the shaft breakaway causes rotation of the drive shaft.

Abstract: A device for generating a controllable reciprocal movement of a moveable mechanical element between a first stop point and a second stop point. At least one drive element is moved continuously with reciprocal movement between two turning points. A coupling device with a controllable coupling serves for the selective coupling of the mechanical element to the drive element. The coupling device further features a freewheel and is arranged such that in the active state of the coupling the mechanical element is coupled to the at least one drive element during a first half-cycle of the movement of the drive element and is moved from the first stop point to the second stop point, and during a second half-cycle of the movement of the drive element is substantially uninfluenced by the drive element due to the action of the freewheel.

Abstract: A ball screw (7, 24), having a threaded nut (10, 26) which is arranged on a threaded spindle (2, 28) and having a circumferential stop (43) which is arranged between the threaded spindle (2, 28) and the threaded nut (10, 26) and which takes effect in a stop position of the threaded nut (10, 26), wherein a stop part (51) is arranged on the threaded spindle (8, 28), wherein the stop part (51) and the threaded nut (10, 26) are provided in each case with a marking (49, 50) for determining a rotational position of the stop part (51) in which the stop part (51) should be arranged on the threaded spindle (8, 28).

Abstract: A steering shaft coupling device and method providing a gearless, offset steering arrangement. The device includes a housing having an first section and a second section forming a compartment having two adjacent openings therein, a first and a second CV joint, each CV joint seated within each one of the openings of the housing compartment, and a linkage joining the first and second joints. The CV joints may also function as slip joints.

Abstract: A wave generator (4) of a wave gear device (1) is equipped with a rigid cam plate (5) and a wave bearing (7). The wave bearing (7) comprises an oval raceway surface (5b) formed on the oval outer peripheral surface (5a) of the rigid cam plate (5), a flexible bearing ring (8) equipped with a circular raceway surface (8a), and multiple balls (10) inserted in the race (9) formed between oval raceway surface (5b) and circular raceway surface (8a). A ball insertion hole (11) is formed at the outer perimeter edge of the rigid cam plate (5) at a region above the minor axis Lmin of the oval where there is substantially no load; from here, the balls (10) are inserted into the race (9), after which the hole is closed by a plug (12). It is easy to insert the balls (10) through the ball insertion hole (11), and the service life of the bearing is not reduced since the ball insertion hole (11) is formed.

Abstract: An infinitely variable transmission mechanism that transmits produced torque to a wheel or output shaft without gears and is capable of an expansive range of active gear ratios in a relatively small envelope

Abstract: A driving module installed in a base frame having a power socket is disclosed to include a casing detachably affixed to the base frame and defining therein an accommodation chamber, a motor fixedly mounted in the accommodation of the casing and having an output shaft and a power cable extended out of the casing and electrically connected to the power socket, a transmission gear set rotatable by the output shaft of the motor, a transmission shaft pivotally mounted in the casing and having a driving portion drivable by said transmission gear set to rotate the transmission shaft and at least one first toothed face, and at least one rotation shaft pivotally mounted in the casing, each rotation shaft having a second toothed face meshed with the first toothed face and rotatable by the transmission shaft.

Abstract: A robot arm assembly includes a first arm, a second arm; a first transmission assembly and a second transmission assembly. The first transmission assembly includes a first rotation shaft having a first bevel gear portion, a second rotation shaft having a second bevel gear portion engaging with the first bevel gear portion, and a third rotation shaft non-rotatably connected to the second rotation shaft. The second transmission assembly includes a forth rotation shaft and a fifth rotation shaft. The forth rotation shaft is rotatably sleeved on the first rotation shaft and includes a forth bevel gear potion. The fifth rotation shaft is rotatably sleeved on the second rotation shaft and includes a fifth bevel gear portion engaging with the forth bevel gear portion. An end of the fifth rotation shaft opposite to the fifth bevel gear portion is connected to the second arm.

Abstract: A gear device includes a gear, a pin, a plate member, a retainer portion, a contact part and a non-contact part. The pin is inserted into an opening of the gear. The plate member is disposed on a face of the gear and attached along an outer peripheral surface of the pin. The retainer portion is disposed in a vicinity of an end portion of the pin, with the plate member being interposed between the retainer portion and the face of the gear. The contact part is formed by faced surfaces of the retainer portion and the plate member with parts of the faced surfaces annularly making contact in a position closest to an outer peripheral surface of the pin. The non-contact part is formed by the faced surfaces with parts of the faced surfaces not making contact in a position away from the outer peripheral surface of the pin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an automotive transmission which includes shift lever which moves in a first direction and a second direction to select a shift position and a shift mode selection unit which is installed at one side of the shift lever to select a shift mode. Additionally, the disclosed automotive transmission also includes a shift blocking unit which selectively blocks movement of the shift lever in the first direction and the second direction such that a shift position of the selected shift mode is selected.

Abstract: A steering device is provided that is capable of facilitating an assembly operation, decreasing the number of parts, and decreasing manufacturing costs. A bottom plate of a stopper is tightened to an outer curved surface of an inner column between a head section and a bulged section of a rivet body. An outside diameter of the rivet body increases to eliminate a gap between a first through-hole and a second through-hole. The stopper remains stationary even when it touches a long hole at a telescopic stroke end and repeatedly receives an impact force. The durability of the stopper improves. There is no need for a nut for fixing the stopper to the inner column. The number of parts decreases to reduce manufacturing costs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, which includes molding a metal insert from a casting by injection assisted by a fluid under pressure in concave space, forming the insert. The method including the step of restricting the space if necessary, in order to obtain a transverse cavity reducing the mass of the unit.