Abstract: A removable unit includes an endless belt-like member; a first contact member that contacts an inner surface of the belt-like member; a second contact member disposed upwardly of the first contact member in a direction of gravitational force when the removable unit is mounted to a body of an image forming apparatus; a first cleaning member disposed between the first contact member and the second contact member; and a second cleaning member disposed between the first cleaning member and the second contact member. The first cleaning member prevents an adherent cleaned off by the second cleaning member from moving downward in the direction of gravitational force along an inner peripheral surface of the belt-like member.

Abstract: A carrying belt conveyor for conveying material which includes a rail system having at least one floor-based carrying rail. There is at least one transport car which may be moved in a transport direction on the carrying rail and which includes a travel mechanism having a travel unit which leads in the transport direction and a travel unit which follows in the transport direction, the travel units are connected by a frame structure and are each guided by the carrying rail. The transport car also includes a carrying device for material to be conveyed. The frame structure of the travel mechanism forms the carrying device and is in turn constructed as a conveyor device by means of which material to be conveyed is moved relative to the travel mechanism of the transport car at an angle to the transport direction.

Abstract: A continuous constant-rate feeding system includes at least one storage unit, a scratching unit and a water-cooled screw feeding unit. The storage unit includes a tank and an agitator. The tank stores material and includes upper and lower chambers. The agitator is rotationally located in the upper chamber for agitating the material. The scratching unit includes upper and lower scratchers and a material divider. The upper scratcher is located in the upper chamber and can spin to convey the material from the upper chamber into the lower chamber. The lower scratcher is located in the lower chamber and can spin to convey the material from the lower chamber into the water-cooled screw feeding unit. The material divider locates between the upper and lower chambers and spin automatically or manually to fall the material from the upper chamber into the lower chamber through a specific aperture alternately.

Abstract: An auger conveyor includes a housing, at least one first mounting bracket, at least one second mounting bracket, an auger screw and one or more auger support assemblies. The first mounting bracket has a first landing and the second mounting bracket has a second landing. The first and second mounting brackets are attached to the housing at diametrically opposite positions The one or more auger support assemblies each have a lateral member connected to a bushing assembly. The auger screw has a rotational axis and is rotatably mounted relative to the bushing assembly. First and second ends of the lateral member each have a geometry adapted to slidably engage with the first and second landings, respectively. The auger screw and the one or more auger support assemblies are adapted to be received within and removed from the housing as an assembled unit, through the first end of the housing.

Abstract: A traction device (1), particularly for products to be packaged, comprising: at least two grip elements (10a, 10b), which can move along a predefined closed path (2) and can engage products (3) to be packaged, and an apparatus for moving the at least two grip elements (10a, 10b) along the closed path (2). The traction device (1) comprises means for varying the distance between one of the grip elements (10a, 10b) and the other one of the grip elements (10b, 10a), during their movement along the closed path (2).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a short-travel key comprising a touch body for actuating the short-travel key, wherein at least two redundantly arranged microswitches are provided which are actuable via the touch body and wherein the short-travel key has only one tactile pressure point.

Abstract: A limit stop apparatus for a multi-pole electrical contact assembly is disclosed. The limit stop apparatus interconnects crossbars of respective contact assemblies wherein one or more contact arms are pivotable relative to each crossbar. The limit stop apparatus is configured to engage the one or more contact arms on a same side of the one or more contact arms containing moveable electrical contacts. In one or more embodiments, the limit stop apparatus has a connecting bar with limit stops having arc shields molded to the connecting bar, wherein the arc shields can be phase-to-phase arc shields and contact-to-component arc shields. Circuit breakers and multi-pole electrical contact assemblies having a limit stop apparatus, and methods of operating the multi-pole electrical contact assembly are disclosed, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A motor box is used to rack withdrawable devices into or out of the associated cell in a switchgear cabinet. A hand held control is used to operate the motor box from a remote location. The motor box is attached to a mounting assembly on the switchgear cabinet door. The assembly can be part of the door or separately attached to the door. The mounting assembly allows for easy alignment of the motor box to the door and prevents rotation of the motor box when the box is latched to the mounting assembly. A cart is used to transport the motor box, remote control and associated peripherals to and from the switchgear cabinet.

Abstract: A low-, medium-, or high-voltage switching device includes a chemical charge unit for actuate closing and/or opening of electric contacts, and a fuze- or ignition cable with chemical charge material to ignite the chemical charge. In order to reach an effective galvanic separation, the chemical charge material of the fuze-cable is electrically insulating, at least in the status before ignition, and at least along a part of its length, in order to cause or effectuate a voltage potential separation between a definite low, medium or high-voltage level and an earth level.

Abstract: A switching device include at least two switching poles. Each of the switching poles has one current path and one switching contact system for opening and closing the current path, wherein a movable contact arrangement of the switching contact system of the switching poles has an integral switching shaft segment, formed from insulating material, which bears a contact lever arrangement and in which the switching shaft segments of adjacent switching poles are connected by way of at least two connecting branches; so as to form the switching shaft. The connecting branches extending at a distance parallel to the axis of rotation and are formed from corresponding connecting elements. In at least one embodiment, all of the connection elements of the at least two connecting branches are formed by first sections of the integral switching shaft segments, which bear the contact lever arrangements.

Abstract: A circuit breaker is disclosed, in particular for low voltages, having a switch shaft and a contact lever rotationally mounted and extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the switch shaft and protruding out of the switch shaft, the shaft carrying a movable contact on a side of the outer contour of the contact piece, and including a recess on the opposite side of the outer contour thereof for suspending a pin having a force applied thereto on both sides of the contact lever by way of one spring each, each applying a torque to the contact lever in the closing direction. The two springs each include a cover element extending along the spring and each disposed between the spring and the arc formed between the contact pieces when the circuit breaker is opened.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wireless switching device comprising: an actuating member (200) that can move along a main axis between an idle position and a working position, a spring (205) stressed by force by the actuating member in a direction substantially parallel to the main axis, a switching assembly (50) comprising a plunger arranged to be actuated by the actuating member (200) and a wireless transmitter module provided with an antenna (503) for sending a message to a receiver module in the event of an action on the plunger, the antenna (503) being arranged prominently on the switching assembly (50) in a direction substantially parallel to the main axis and the spring (205) of helical type being arranged coaxially to the antenna (503).

Abstract: Embodiments of a backlit keyboard assembly are described. A keycap assembly is mounted into a case web having intersecting ribs. A flange, which can be angled, is on the bottom perimeter of the keycap and a correspondingly shaped flange is on each rib of the case web. An overlap of the keycap flange and the case web flanges prevents direct sighting of the backlight light source and also provides a more evenly distributed halo around the keycap, thereby improving both aesthetics and functionality by providing better light control and contrast.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spring actuator for a circuit breaker, the spring actuator comprises a spring configured to provide an elastic energy serving to perform a circuit opening operation or a circuit closing operation of a circuit breaker; a spring housing providing a space to compress or extend the spring; a movable supporting plate linearly movable in the spring housing; a linearly-movable shaft linearly-movable having a first position for charging an elastic energy by compressing the spring, and having a second position for releasing the spring; a driving mechanism configured to provide a rotatory power for linearly-moving the linearly-movable shaft; one rigid link configured to convert the rotatory power provided from the driving mechanism to a linear power and to transmit the linear power to the linearly-movable shaft; and a latch mechanism having a position for latching the spring such that the spring maintains a charged state.

Abstract: A key/display assembly includes first and second switches, a display module, and a lens is disposed adjacent the display module. The lens includes a first contact region, a second contact region, and an inner surface that supports a first foot between the first contact region and the second contact region. A first key is defined by the first switch and the first contact region and is actuated by deflecting the first contact region to actuate the first switch. A second key is defined by the second switch and the second contact region and is actuated by deflecting the second contact region to actuate the second switch. When actuating the first key, the first foot inhibits the second contact region from actuating the second switch. When actuating the second key, the first foot inhibits the first contact region from actuating the first switch.

Abstract: A key switch device including a key top; a pair of link members connected to the key top and interlocked with each other to guide a vertical motion of the key top; a switch mechanism including a membrane sheet switch capable of opening and closing a contact section of an electrical circuit in accordance with the vertical motion of the key top; a flexible thin film sheet attached to the membrane sheet switch; and a housing attached to the thin film sheet, the housing adapted to connect the link members to the thin film sheet.

Abstract: A pushbutton switch has a pressure switching function to recognize a key actuation and a capacitive sensor function to recognize a key touch. It has an at least partly electrically conductive key (12) and a printed circuit board (16) which includes at least one electrical contact (18) that is activated by depressing the key (12) via a switching mat (22) arranged between the key (12) and the printed circuit board (16). The printed circuit board (16) also has at least one capacitive sensor surface (20) located opposite to and at a distance from the key (12), with a capacitive coupling existing between the key (12) and the sensor surface (20).

Abstract: A sealed dome switch assembly is provided to allow air to flow between the interior and the exterior of the dome switch during the collapse and recovery of the resilient dome shell. The sealed dome switch assembly comprises at least one vent leading between the interior space and the exterior space of the sealed dome switch, wherein the vent is covered by a membrane that is permeable to air and resilient to liquid (e.g. water) and small particles (e.g. dirt). A vent may also be used to network the interiors of a plurality of sealed dome switches to at least one exterior entranceway that is covered by the membrane.

Abstract: An engine start/stop switch for a vehicle is provided, including a housing having one end portion exposed outwardly from a dashboard and the other end portion embedded in the dashboard; a button disposed in the housing and having one end portion exposed outwardly to be pressed to start or stop an engine; a slider disposed at the front end of the button to be slid along the inner peripheral surface of the housing; a circuit unit disposed to closely contact the front end of the slider to be electrified when pressed by the slider and to generate an engine start or stop signal; and a coil antenna interposed between the button and the slider to transmit driving waves to the transponder of a portable device carried by a driver. Further, the housing includes first and second housings detachably coupled to each other to encompass the button. slider and circuit unit.

Abstract: A projected capacitive touch panel with sensitivity adjusting structure has an X-axis sensing layer and a Y-axis sensing layer. The X-axis sensing layer comprises multiple sensing rows and each sensing row is composed of multiple X-axis electrodes connected in series. The Y-axis sensing layer comprises multiple sensing columns, and each sensing column is composed of multiple Y-axis electrodes connected in series. The X-axis electrodes and the Y-axis electrodes are formed between each other. There is at least one hole formed on at least one X-axis electrode and at least one Y-axis electrode. The areas of the X-axis electrodes and the Y-axis electrodes decrease. Therefore, the coupling capacitance between two adjacent electrodes decreases.

Abstract: In a furniture element including an operating arrangement for an electrical device comprising a capacitive sensor, the furniture element is provided with a blind channel extending from one end through the furniture element into close proximity to the other end and a rod-like sensor is disposed in the blind channel for sensing movements outside the furniture piece for actuating the electrical device, the sensor being in communication with the operating arrangement for operating the electrical device depending on the movement sensed by the sensor.

Abstract: A touch panel is provided. The touch panel includes a first conductive pattern, a first insulation layer, a second conductive pattern, a first metal electrode, a second metal electrode, and a second insulation layer. The first conductive pattern is formed on a transparent substrate. The first insulation layer is formed on the first conductive pattern. The second conductive pattern is formed on the first insulation layer. The first metal electrode is connected to one end of the first conductive pattern. The second metal electrode is connected to one end of the second conductive pattern. The second insulation layer is formed on the second conductive pattern, the first metal electrode or the second metal electrode.

Abstract: A pressure responsive electric switch is described having an elongated base containing an electrical switch and terminals. The base is attached to a sensor assembly which actuates and de-actuates the electric switch in response to pressure to be measured. The sensor assembly has a composite actuator member comprising a plurality of stacked snap-acting disc members which includes at least one snap-acting disc member of a chosen low coefficient of thermal expansion and at least one snap-acting disc member of chosen high coefficient of thermal expansion material so as to provide precise pressure activation/deactivation points over a wide temperature range. In a second embodiment, the composite actuator member includes a thermal adjustment member.

Abstract: A facility for the processing of carbon-containing raw material comprising a body with a shell divided into a gas generation chamber with a dome and two loading and unloading hatches, and a combustion chamber with means for air supply and disposal. The gas generation chamber is situated over the combustion chamber, and is separated from it by a plate. It is equipped with a mechanism for forced cooling and provided with a central opening. The means for air supply are in the form of openings coming out under the shell and are situated in the gas generation chamber over the plate. The shell comprises openings in its upper part equipped with shutters. The combustion chamber is arranged in three autonomous chambers situated side by side and interconnected by the openings. Each chamber has an air supply opening, and the openings in the side chambers are situated in their walls at an angle to them, while the opening in the central chamber is situated straight, in a lid, with which the chamber is equipped.

Abstract: A process to separate a multi-component hydrocarbon stream which includes ethylene and other components with at least some of the components being present in a number of phases, is provided. The process includes in a first flash stage, flashing the multi-component hydrocarbon stream, from an elevated pressure and temperature to a pressure in the range of 10-18 bar(a), producing a first ethylene-containing vapour stream at a pressure in the range of 10-18 bar(a) and a multi-phase stream which includes some ethylene. In a second flash stage, the multi-phase stream is flashed to a pressure of less than 6 bar(a), producing a second vapour stream at a pressure of less than 6 bar(a) and a bottoms stream. The first ethylene-containing vapour stream is removed from the first flash stage, the second vapour stream is removed from the second flash stage and the bottoms stream is removed from the second flash stage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photocatalytically active nanoparticulate material. A nanoparticle of the invention is a composite nanoparticle having two crystalline phases: hydrogen titanate and titania, which are uniformly mixed in the nanoparticle. The invention also relates to forming a nanoparticulate composite material by heating a basic titania sol under solvothermal conditions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide sputtering targets utilized in physical vapor deposition (PVD) and methods to form such sputtering targets. In one embodiment, a sputtering target contains a target layer disposed on a backing plate, and a protective coating layer—usually containing a nickel material—covering and protecting a region of the backing plate that would otherwise be exposed to plasma during the PVD processes. In many examples, the target layer contains a nickel-platinum alloy, the backing plate contains a copper alloy (e.g., copper-zinc), and the protective coating layer contains metallic nickel. The protective coating layer eliminates the formation of highly conductive, copper contaminants typically derived by plasma erosion of the copper alloy contained within the exposed surfaces of the backing plate. Therefore, the substrates and the interior surfaces of the PVD chamber remain free of such copper contaminants during the PVD processes.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an MTJ film includes forming a first ferromagnetic layer; forming a tunnel barrier layer over the first ferromagnetic layer; and forming a second ferromagnetic layer over the tunnel barrier layer. The first ferromagnetic layer is a Co/Ni stacked film having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The step for forming a tunnel barrier layer includes repeating unit film formation treatment n times (n is an integer of 2 or more). The unit film formation treatment includes the steps of: depositing an Mg film by a sputtering method; and oxidizing the deposited Mg film. A film thickness of the deposited Mg film in the first unit film formation treatment is 0.3 nm or more and 0.5 nm or less. A film thickness of the deposited Mg film in the second unit film formation treatment or later is 0.1 nm or more and 0.45 nm or less.

Abstract: Provided are a film-forming apparatus and a film-forming method capable of preventing complication of an apparatus mechanism in formation of a thin film of multiple materials by sputtering to simplify the apparatus mechanism and preventing an increase in an apparatus cost. The film-forming apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a substrate holder for holding a substrate, cathode mechanisms for supporting targets respectively so that the targets can be opposed to the substrate in the vacuum chamber, and shutters movable forward and backward individually between the targets made of different materials and the substrate to block or pass film-forming particles generated from the targets. At least one of the shutters is formed of a target material different from those for the targets so that the at least one of the shutters is configured as a shutter that also functions as a target.

Abstract: Systems and methods for electrolyzing water into hydrogen are disclosed. Hydrogen production efficiency is enhanced by maintaining a vacuum pressure on the tank holding the water being electrolyzed, and also by generating a plasma between the electrolysis plates.

Abstract: A cathode for electrolytic processes, particularly suitable for hydrogen evolution in chlor-alkali electrolysis comprises a metal substrate provided with a catalytic coating made of two layers containing palladium, rare earths (such as praseodymium) and a noble component selected between platinum and ruthenium. The rare earth percent amount by weight is lower in the outer layer than in the inner layer.

Abstract: A plating apparatus and method for plating a surface of a substrate are described. Generally, the apparatus includes a double wall plating vessel having an inner cup and an outer cup peripherally surrounding and spaced apart from the inner cup. The inner cup has an inlet for receiving a plating solution and an outlet from which the plating solution overflows into a plenum defined between the inner and outer cups.

Abstract: A substrate or semiconductor wafer processing apparatus has an agitator plate adjacent to an upper end of a process vessel. A workpiece holder holds a workpiece in the vessel at a processing position above the agitator plate. A vertical actuator assembly supporting the agitator plate oscillates the agitator plate vertically. The agitator plate may also rotate while oscillating vertically. In one design, the agitator plate has a spiral vane and a spiral slot. In a related metal plating apparatus, electrodes and a dielectric field shaping unit are in the vessel, below the agitator plate, and a shield ring is adjacent to the upper end of the vessel, above the agitator plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of nanoparticles comprises a chamber, a magnetron located within the chamber and comprising a cylindrical target having at least an outer face of the material to be deposited and a hollow interior, a source of magnetic flux within the hollow interior arranged to present magnetic poles in a direction that is radially outward with respect to the cylindrical target, and a drive arrangement for imparting a relative motion in an axial direction to the target and the source of magnetic flux, the chamber having at least one aperture and being located within a volume of relatively lower gas pressure compared to the interior of the chamber. The chamber is preferably substantially cylindrical, and is ideally substantially co-axial with the target so as to offer a symmetrical arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention provides a film forming apparatus that can reduce the adherence of thin film material particles to a holding mechanism included in a substrate tray at the time of film formation. In an embodiment of the present invention, a sputtering chamber includes the substrate tray that has bottom clamps and side clamps, a movement mechanism that changes the position of the side clamps between when the film is formed on the substrate and when the substrate is transferred and a mask that has an opening of a predetermined shape through which sputter particles from a cathode pass. At the time of transfer, the movement mechanism moves the side clamps such that the side clamps hold the substrate; at the time of film formation, the movement mechanism moves the side clamps toward the outside of the substrate tray.

Abstract: In a NOx sensor control apparatus (1), a NOx sensor includes a heater (164), and an oxygen concentration detection cell (130), a first pumping cell (110) and a second pumping cell (120) which are arranged sequentially in the axis O direction. The NOx sensor control apparatus 1 includes a first impedance detection means (59a, 60) which detects the first impedance of the first cell (oxygen concentration detection cell), a heater control means (60) which performs an energization control of a heater such that the first impedance becomes a target value, a second impedance detection means (59b, 60) which detects the second impedance of the second cell (second pumping cell), and an output correction means (60) which corrects an output of at least the third cell (first pumping cell) based on the deviation between the first impedance and the second impedance.

Abstract: A flow cell device is formed with: a plurality of cell recess portions adapted to cooperate with a plurality of sensor devices to confine a plurality of sample receiving space for receiving a liquid sample, respectively; a plurality of pairs of first and second guiding channels, each pair being in fluid communication with a respective one of the cell recess portions; a number of connecting recess portions each fluidly communicating the first and second guiding channels that respectively extend to a corresponding pair of the cell recess portions such that the liquid sample is able to flow through the sample receiving spaces sequentially; and inlet and outlet channels in fluid communication with the first and second guiding channels that respectively extend to a first one and a last one of the cell recess portions for introducing and discharging the liquid sample into and from the flow cell device, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a means for accurately analyzing a protease by electrophoresis. Disclosed is an electrophoretic analysis method for analyzing a protease-containing sample, is characterized by exposing a sample containing a protease to be analyzed, to pH conditions under which the protease is rapidly deactivated, and then subjecting the sample to electrophoresis.

Abstract: Particles of interest, such as DNA molecules, are injected into a medium by applying a first field. Once in the medium the particles are concentrated by applying one or more fields that cause mobilities of the particles in the medium to vary in a manner that is correlated with motions of the particles. Particle injection and particle concentration may be performed concurrently or in alternation.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of manufacturing nanoparticles such as quantum dots at desired nanopore locations in a membrane. The methods disclosed use voltage-driven electrolyte flow to drive the nanoparticle formation.

Abstract: A nanopore capture system may include a material configured to pass through a nanopore device in a controlled manner based upon its interaction with the nanopore device. The system may also include a capture mechanism connected to one end of the material. The capture mechanism may be configured to catch a particular type of molecule while ignoring other types of molecules. The system may also include a controller to manipulate and/or detect the particular type of molecule.

Abstract: An electrical purification apparatus and methods of making same are disclosed. The electrical purification apparatus may provide for increases in operation efficiencies, for example, with respect to decreased residence times and higher purity water.

Abstract: A system and method employ at least one semiconductor device, or an arrangement of insulating and metal layers, having at least one detecting region which can include, for example, a recess or opening therein, for detecting a charge representative of a component of a polymer, such as a nucleic acid strand proximate to the detecting region. A method for manufacturing forms such a semiconductor device. The system and method can be used for sequencing individual nucleotides or bases of ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The detecting region permits a current to pass between the two doped regions in response to the presence of the component of the polymer, such as a base of a DNA or RNA strand. The current has characteristics representative of the component of the polymer, such as characteristics representative of the detected base of the DNA or RNA strand.

Abstract: Provided are a CDI electrode and a method for manufacturing a module using the same. A composite electrode manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention can manufacture a CDI electrode capable of increasing adsorption efficiency and rate of ions and selectively adsorbing cation and anion, thereby simply and inexpensively manufacturing the CDI electrode module without using a cation-exchange membrane and an anion-exchange membrane.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method to assemble organotypical tissues which can then be perfused and investigated under preferably physiological conditions.

Abstract: A method for electroplating titanium alloy coating into plastic and carbon foam comprises the steps of activating the given specimen, deposition of electroless nickel and electroplating process of titanium alloy to the surface of the specimen. The electroplating process of electroplating titanium alloy coating includes a direct current method and a pulse plating method. The direct current method characterized by lager sized grains and the pulse plating method characterized by smaller sized grains. The advantages of proposed electroplating processes are: a) low cost, b) very broad applications and c) relatively low number of the process steps. Unique combination of physical, mechanical and chemical properties makes the electroplating methods of titanium coating an attractive technology for medicine, biotechnology, sports, defense, aeronautic, and auto industries.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating surfaces of hollow parts, this method being a conversion treatment such as an anodizing, and to a method according to which the hollow pieces are completely immersed inside at least one treatment tank containing a liquid, characterized in that each hollow piece is immersed while making it execute at least one rotational movement so that air bubbles likely to be created inside the tank are removed from the inner wall of the hollow part.

Abstract: An electrochemical co-deposition method and solution to plate uniform, defect free and smooth (In,Ga)—Se films with repeatability and controllable molar ratios of (In,Ga) to Se are provided. Such layers are used in fabrication of semiconductor and electronic devices such as thin film solar cells. In one embodiment, the present invention provides an alkaline electrodeposition solution that includes an In salt, a Se acid or oxide, a tartrate salt as complexing agent for the In species, and a solvent to electrodeposit an In—Se film possessing sub-micron thickness on a conductive surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods of electroplating copper onto at least one surface of a substrate in which more uniform electrical double layers are formed adjacent to the at least one surface being electroplated (i.e., the cathode) and an anode of an electrochemical cell, respectively. In one embodiment, the electroplated copper may be substantially-free of dendrites, exhibit a high-degree of (111) crystallographic texture, and/or be electroplated at a high-deposition rate (e.g., about 6 ?m per minute or more) by electroplating the copper under conditions in which a ratio of a cathode current density at the at least one surface to an anode current density at an anode is at least about 20. In another embodiment, a porous anodic film may be formed on a consumable copper anode using a long conditioning process that promotes forming a more uniform electrical double layer adjacent to the anode.

Abstract: A bioelectrochemical system includes a housing defining an internal chamber. A barrier is disposed within the housing and at least partially separates the internal chamber into first and second compartments. The first compartment including at least one of autotrophic or heterotrophic microorganisms disposed therein. A cathode is disposed within the first compartment and is coupled to a power supply, and an anode is disposed within the second compartment and is coupled to the power supply. The carbon dioxide received within the first chamber is transformed into an organic compound.