Abstract: A process for making soda-lime glass includes calcinating calcium carbonate in solid phase and at elevated temperature to form calcium oxide and release gases such as carbon dioxide. Sodium silicate glass is formed separately in liquid phase while releasing gaseous reaction products. The calcium oxide and the sodium silicate glass intermediate products are mixed in liquid phase to form a soda-lime glass melt. Formation of sodium silicate glass as an intermediate product before mixing with the calcium oxide has the advantage of promoting release of gaseous reaction products in the sodium silicate due at least in part to the relatively low viscosity of the sodium silicate glass. The calcination step and/or the sodium silicate-forming step and/or the final mixing step can be carried out under reduced pressure further to promote release of gases and reduce bubble formation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing volatilized chemical compounds from within enclosed or partially enclosed spaces containing molten glass. One or more condensing devices are positioned within the enclosure to produce preferential condensation of the vapor on condensing elements of the condensing devices, thereby facilitating easy removal of the condensates from the enclosure. The condensing elements may have a variety of shapes and sizes depending on the design of the enclosure.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer assembly is provided comprising an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic booster, an ultrasonic probe, and a booster cooling unit. The ultrasonic booster is connected to the ultrasonic transducer to amplify acoustic energy generated by the ultrasonic transducer and transfer the amplified acoustic energy to the ultrasonic probe. A seated end of the ultrasonic probe is positioned in a probe seat of the ultrasonic booster. The booster cooling unit is positioned to regulate the temperature of the probe seat of the ultrasonic booster such that the assembly supports a temperature dependent press-fit engagement of the seated end of the ultrasonic probe and the probe seat of the ultrasonic booster. The temperature dependent press-fit engagement is such that the seated end of the ultrasonic probe can be reversibly moved in and out of the probe seat at an elevated temperature THOT and is fixed in the probe seat at room temperature TCOLD.

Abstract: A molten glass delivery system is modified to match it with the overflow downdraw process. A substantial number of defects not removed by the finer are diverted to the unusable inlet and distal edges of the sheet. In one embodiment, the stirring device is relocated from the outlet to the inlet of the finer. In another embodiment, the basic shape of the finer is preferably changed from a cylindrical shape to a Double Apex (or Gull Wing) shaped cross-section, whereby the apexes of the finer contain the glass that will form the unusable inlet end of the glass sheet. The finer vent or vents are preferably located at these apexes such that any homogeneity defects caused by the vents are diverted to the unusable inlet end of the glass sheet. The finer cross-section has a high aspect ratio for increased fining efficiency as compared to a cylindrical finer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a furnace for melting and fining glass, which includes: a vault provided with a heating means, a hearth (2) forming the bottom of a vat containing a bath (3) of molten glass, a width restriction (4), in particular a corset, defining a downstream portion (5) and an upstream portion (6) in the vat, and an outlet through which the molten glass is discharged, a secondary recirculation loop (B) for the molten glass forming in the bath between a hotter inner area of the furnace and the cooler outlet, said loop passing through the corset; the furnace comprises a means (M) for adjusting the width through which the glass can pass into the secondary recirculation loop, said adjustment means being submerged in the bath and extending vertically over most of the depth of the bath.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the degree of engagement between a clothes mover and fabric items during a wash process, and a method for setting the liquid level in the automatic washer based on the degree of engagement between a clothes mover and the fabric items.

Abstract: A washing machine which has an improved structure to easily assemble guide members guiding a connected position of an upper cover to the frames with the upper surfaces of frames. The washing machine includes frames forming the external appearance of the washing machine, an upper cover connected to the upper portions of the frames to form an inlet, and at least one guide member connected to the upper portions of the frames to guide the upper cover. The at least one guide member includes a guide protrusion connected to the upper cover, a fixing hook to connect the at least one guide member to the upper portions of the frames, and at least one fixing protrusion provided around the fixing hook to prevent movement of the at least one guide member connected to the upper portions of the frames.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a computer lock including a lock body, a guide seat, a lock tongue seat, a spring, a hook cylinder, and a cable rope set. The hook cylinder has a hook part extending outwards from the front end thereof. The hook part is arranged at inner wall of a slot of a computer; by lock actuation of a key, the guide seat is actuated to guide the lock tongue of the lock tongue seat to outstretch forward and enter the slot along the guide groove on the front end of the hook cylinder. By the foregoing mechanism, the computer lock is of being easy operation and can be locked and unlocked conveniently to prevent the computer from being stolen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a handle device (10) for a closing device (12) for a displaceable door (11) or similar on a vehicle, comprising a first module (30) which comprises a handle support (31) and which is arranged on the inner side (11.4) of the door (11) by means of the handle support (31), and a second module (50) which is arranged on the outer side (11.5) of the door (11), and contains a handle part (51). Said handle part (51) is displaceably mounted in relation to the door (11) for operating said handle device (10). According to the invention, the second module (50) comprises a handle shell (54) which is arranged on the outer side (11.5) of the door (11), and said handle part (51) is displaceably mounted on said handle shell (54). The invention also relates to a method for mounting a handle device (10) which is used to operate a closing device (12) of a vehicle.

Abstract: An arrangement for a vehicle body of a motor vehicle is provided. The arrangement includes a lock crossbeam having a front wall and a hood lock fastened on the front wall of the lock crossbeam and having a lock case. The front wall has a first depression in which the hood lock is at least partially accommodated. The first depression is stepped. The front wall has a front stop surface that is spaced apart from a rear stop surface. The lock case presses against the front stop surface and the rear stop surface while a middle part of the lock case is accommodated in the first depression.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes rotary-style combination locks and associated methods of manufacture and use. In one embodiment, a lock includes a locking member movable between locked and unlocked configurations with respect to a housing and a dial having characters around the circumference that align with an indicator to enter the lock's combination. The lock can include combination discs having tabs oriented thereon that allow the lock to have a predefined combination including adjacent characters on the dial.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lock cylinder (1), comprising a housing (2), in which a sleeve (3) having a cylinder core (4) accommodated therein is rotatably supported and the cylinder core (4) has spring-loaded tumblers (5), which form a form closure with recesses arranged in the sleeve (3) when a key is removed. Inside the housing (2), the sleeve (3) is coupled to a coupling element (7) by means of a disengaging sleeve (6), wherein the coupling element (7) is supported inside the housing (2) and the coupling element (7) is connected to a bearing (8) in a rotationally-fixed manner, wherein the bearing (8) is used to support an output (9), wherein at least one means (6, 7), which forms a form closure with the bearing (8), is provided to block the rotation of the output (9) about the axis (A) if an improper object is used in operative connection with the cylinder core (4).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ball and cone fluid fitting includes providing a first conduit with a generally spherical-shaped exterior surface, and providing a second conduit with a generally conical-shaped interior surface. The generally conical-shaped surface is coined with a master ball to create a seating surface for the generally spherical-shaped exterior surface of the first conduit. At least a portion of the generally spherical-shaped exterior surface is coated with a softer metal.

Abstract: An apparatus for pre-stressing a component, the apparatus includes means to direct a beam of radiation in a path through a medium adjacent to the component between a pair of electrodes to produce ionisation in the path through the medium and means to produce an electrical discharge between the pair of electrodes in the path through the medium to produce a pressure pulse in the medium adjacent to the component without the electrical discharge directly contacting the component, the pressure pulse impacting a surface of the component to produce a region of compressive residual stress within the component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a roll stand (1) as a constituent part of a roll stand group (2) in a high-speed wire mill, having at least one roll pair or roll ring pair (5) and a drive shaft (7) which is connected to a motor (6), characterized in that each roll stand (1) of this roll stand group (2) is assigned a motor (6) and a drive shaft (7), and the motor (6), the drive shaft (7) and the at least one roll pair or roll ring pair (5) are arranged linearly with respect to one another.

Abstract: A pretensioner is provided, of which the cylinder, including a restriction portion, can be inexpensively formed, the cylinder having the restriction portion for positioning a gas generation unit to be mounted to a cylinder, and a pretensioner manufacturing method for manufacturing such a pretensioner is provided. In the pretensioner, since the cylinder is molded by forging, an inexpensive material compared with a stainless pipe member can be used for the molding. In addition, since the positioning portion can be molded during forging-molding for molding the entire cylinder, cost can be reduced even in this regard.

Abstract: A method of forming a housing which includes roll forming a steel tube radially inwardly with a plurality of rollers each having a rolling axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube, the rollers compressing the tube and forming reduced diameter portions and enlarged diameter portions. The method then includes cutting the tube perpendicular to the longitudinal axis generally midway through an enlarged diameter portion and a reduced diameter portion, forming a plurality of minor image preforms. Finally, the method includes cold working the preforms into the desired shape of the housing and increasing the strength of the steel at least 15% and forming a housing member having enlarged diameter open end and a reduced diameter open end.

Abstract: An apparatus for crimping an end fitting onto a flexible drilling hose is described. The apparatus includes a frame supporting a plurality of crimping dies arranged in a circular pattern and extending along a radial axis from a common longitudinal axis. The frame is manually movable along a linear slideway parallel to said longitudinal axis to position said crimping dies with respect to the assembly to be crimped.

Abstract: A hot stretch wrap forming die typically includes a rigid backing section, a series of spaced ribs extending forward from the backing section, and an elongated face sheet secured to the ribs forward of the backing section with a convex forward-facing die face. The ribs elastically deflect during thermal expansion of the face sheet when a heated metal bar is forced against the die face so that the metal bar transfers heat to the face sheet. The die typically includes stiff ribs secured to the backing section and the face sheet which provide substantially fixed points for the face sheet during its thermal expansion. The face sheet may include several face sheet segments which together from the die face. The face sheet may also include contour plates which form respective portions of the die face and which may be used to adjust the specific contour of the die face.

Abstract: A hotplate chemical trace detector comprising a heatable conducting plate with a heater element having a predetermined temperature-power characteristic. A balancing circuit comprises an adjustable resistor for tuning the heater element to a predefined resistor value. A processor is provided for adjusting the adjustable resistor so as to provide a stabilized temperature in said heatable conducting plate and a detection circuit is provided for detecting a change of resistance in the heatable conducting plate in accordance with the presence of a chemical trace reacting in the presence of the conducting plate. According to the invention a test circuit is provided for measuring a dissipated power in the heater element and for calculating a real temperature from the dissipated power in the heater element based on the predetermined temperature-power characteristic.

Abstract: A prover mounted upon a supporting lower framework includes a piston supporting rod extending longitudinally through a cylinder, which cylinder receives and discharges a fluid to measure the flow rate of the fluid by translation of the piston from the fluid receiving end to the fluid discharging end. Motive means supported on a frame mounted on the prover draws the rod toward the fluid receiving end of the cylinder. An upper framework is attached to the lower framework through a plurality of stanchions. Various I-beams formed as part of the upper framework enhance rigidity to the combination of lower framework and upper framework. The combination of lower framework and upper framework provides support for the prover in a horizontal or a vertical orientation without affecting the operation, repair or maintenance of the prover.

Abstract: A prover mounted upon a supporting lower framework includes a piston supporting rod extending longitudinally through a cylinder. Motive means supported on a frame mounted on the prover draws the rod toward the fluid receiving end of the cylinder. An upper framework is attached to the lower framework through a plurality of stanchions. Various I-beams formed as part of the upper framework enhance rigidity to the combination of lower framework and upper framework. The combination of lower framework and upper framework provides support for the prover in a horizontal or a vertical orientation without affecting the operation, repair or maintenance of the prover.

Abstract: A testing system having a retainer configured to selectively retain a specimen and a carrier configured to selectively carry the retainer along an at least partially predefined space curve from a first point along the space curve to a second point along the space curve, wherein a gravitational potential energy of the retainer at the first point is greater than a gravitational potential energy of the retainer at the second point. The retainer is configured to release the specimen in response to the retainer moving to a location that provides the retainer a predetermined gravitational potential energy.

Abstract: There is provided a sample preconcentrator. The sample preconcentrator in which a sample gas injection port is coupled to a dried gas supply source and a gas analysis system to concentrate a sample gas comprises a sample concentrating unit containing an absorbent that is composed of carbon nanotube-metal nanocomplexes; a conduit switching valve for selectively coupling the sample gas injection port to the dried gas supply source and the gas analysis system and controlling the absorption and desorption of the sample gas from the sample concentrating unit; and a plurality of conduits for connecting the sample gas injection port, the dried gas supply source, the gas analysis system, the sample concentrating unit and the conduit switching valve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for measuring an absolute quantity of each component of a gas using a QMS, more particularly to a system for measuring an absolute quantity of each component of a gas using a QMS, which is capable of performing not only a qualitative analysis but also a quantitative analysis in an accurate manner, using just a trace amount of gas introduced through a pinhole. According to the present invention, the productivity of products can be improved, and production management can be performed in an efficient manner, thereby improving industrial competitiveness.

Abstract: To provide a gas sensor which can stably carry out a retention of a sensor element by a contact member and a reservation of an electric continuity between them. A contact member has an insertion port in which the sensor element is inserted and retained to obtain an electric connection with the sensor element. The contact member is provided with a plurality of sensor element retaining members which respectively have a plurality of abutting parts abutting on the sensor element, at least a part of a plurality of abutting parts is a first abutting part which has a leading end part formed as a linear shape or a point-like shape, and the leading end part of the first abutting part is a free end part which applies an elastic force to the sensor element while having point contact or line contact with the sensor element.

Abstract: self-monitoring flow measuring arrangement includes a pipeline system flowed through by a medium, a control device installed in the pipeline system on the inlet-side, which varies a flow rate of the total medium flowing into the pipeline system according to a predetermined time-dependent periodic change profile; at least one flow measuring device installed in the pipeline system, which is located at a measuring location, which is located behind the control device in the flow direction, and through which the entire medium flowing through the pipeline system flows, and which measures the flow rate (Q5(t), Q5a, (t), Q5b(t), Q5c(t), Q5d(t), Q5e(t)) of the medium at the measuring location; and a monitoring unit, which, based on the predetermined time-dependent change profile and the flow rates measured at the measuring locations (Q5(t), Q5a(t), Q5b(t), Q5c(t), Q5d(t), Q5e(t)), monitors whether the measured flow rates (Q5(t), Q5a, (t), Q5b(t), Q5c(t), Q5d(t), Q5e(t)) follow the predetermined time-dependent change p

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for analyzing the motility of motile cells, such as neutrophils, are described. The microfluidic devices described herein generally include a main channel and one or more side channels and can be used for causing migration of cells in response to a biochemical gradient. The main channel has an inlet and an outlet and can be sized to receive the cells. The side channels that branch from the main channel terminate in a closed end and are sized such that the cell migrates into and through the side channel in response to a concentration gradient established between the main channel and the interior of the side channels in which the biochemical stimulus is trapped after priming and loading.

Abstract: A device comprising a pressure monitor and a control means that receives a signal representing measured pressure at the pressure monitor and controls the controllable elements of a fluid system is utilized to monitor a fluid system for error conditions, to optimize operations and to diagnose the fluid system. By following a testing protocol that selectively enables parts of the system, the control means narrows the list of possible failing components. Comparing the measured pressure against normal pressures allows the device to identify error conditions. Determining the volume of fluid being transported and controlling the duration of the flow optimizes operation of the fluid system.

Abstract: A method for monitoring water in a distribution system is disclosed where the sensor sampling schedule is changed in real time in response to a contaminant or other chemical passing through the sampling location. This results in finer determination of where the contaminant is located in the water distribution and identification of the contaminant with a lower false rate than random or scheduled sampling.

Abstract: Provided are a method for quantifying a chemical substance with high accuracy by substitutional stripping voltammetry, and a sensor chip used therefor. A method for quantifying a chemical substance in a sample solution, comprising the following steps: (a) preparing a sensor chip having a stripping gel covered with a protection gel, (b) supplying the sample solution to the surface of the sensor chip to cover the surface with the solution, (c) applying a potential to the first working electrode with potentiostat, and connecting the second working electrode to the stripping electrode to generate reactions on the electrodes, (d) applying a potential to the stripping electrode in a condition where no potential is applied to either the first or the second working electrode to measure a current through the stripping electrode, and (e) calculating, on the basis of the current, the concentration of the oxidation-reduction substance to quantify the chemical substance.

Abstract: A sensor system that measures at least one parameter of water includes an electronics subsystem and includes a sensor housing electrically and mechanically coupled to the electronics subsystem. The sensor housing encloses a chamber that receives water via at least one inlet and that releases water via at least one outlet. At least one sensor has at least one electrode exposed to water in the chamber. A flow generator causes water to flow through the chamber. A plurality of objects within the chamber move in response to the water flow and abrasively clean the at least one electrode. Preferably, the sensor system includes a chlorine sensor having at least two electrodes. The electronics subsystem applies a first differential voltage between the two electrodes during a measurement interval and then applies a second differential voltage between the two electrodes during an interval following the measurement interval.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for monitoring a ratio of at least two mixed components use a sensor for detecting taggant particles in one of the components of the mixed material after installation. The sensor is positioned adjacent a surface of the installed mixture and is connected to a control device for displaying an indication of a mixture ratio of the components below the surface. The control device also generates a profile of the mixture ratio of the installed mixed material versus a distance from the surface.

Abstract: A system is provided for detecting moisture at an absorbent article. The system includes a device arranged to be attached on the absorbent article and a resonance circuit including a moisture sensitive part, wherein the resonance circuit has a first resonance frequency when the moisture sensitive part is in a dry condition and a second resonance frequency when the moisture sensitive part is in a moist condition. The system further includes a monitoring unit being arranged to transmit a test signal to the device, receive a response signal from the device, determine a frequency of the response signal and generate a detection signal if the determined frequency corresponds to the second resonance frequency. There is also provided a method for detecting moisture at a device attached on an absorbent article.

Abstract: A system, including, a boundary layer rake, including a rake body, a coolant path extending through the rake body, and a first probe coupled to the rake body, wherein the first probe is configured to measure a first parameter of a first boundary layer flow along a first wall.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for determining the delivery rate of a liquid conveying device, in particular a concrete pump, wherein on the basis of measured values concerning the pressure of the liquid the number of the pump strokes of the concrete conveying device is determined, in particular substantially calculated, by series-connection of a plurality of filters with adaptive filter length and variable detection limits. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a liquid conveying device and to a construction vehicle with a liquid conveying device.

Abstract: An automatic analysis apparatus that can suction a target sample through an sample dispensing probe at a single sample dispensing position by transferring a sample rack holder having one or more sample containers from a first sampler unit to a second sampler unit and by moving the transferred sample rack in a horizontal direction and up-and-down directions at the fixed single sample dispensing position. By fixing a fluid sampling position of a sample container held by a sample rack at the single position, a sample dispensing accuracy of an automatic analysis apparatus can be increased.

Abstract: A prosthetic component suitable for long-term implantation is provided. The prosthetic component measures a parameter of the muscular-skeletal system is disclosed. The prosthetic component comprises a first structure having at least one support surface, a second structure having at least one feature configured to couple to bone, and at least one sensor. The electronic circuitry and sensors are hermetically sealed within the prosthetic component. The sensor couples to the support surface of the first structure. The support surface of the first structure is compliant. The first and second structure are coupled together housing the at least one sensor. In one embodiment, the first and second structure are welded together forming the hermetic seal that isolates the at least one sensor from an external environment. The at least one sensor can be a pressure sensor for measuring load and position of load.

Abstract: A sensing frame is disclosed. The sensing frame includes a first rail and a second rail. The first and second rails are constrained to move along a first axis parallel to the first and second rails. The frame includes a base and at least two guiding arms for ensuring that the first rail and the second rail move in anti-phase fashion along the first axis. First and second guiding arms are flexibly coupled to the first rail and second rail. The first guiding arm is flexibly suspended to the base at first anchoring points for allowing rotation of the first guiding arm, and the second guiding arm is suspended to the base at a second anchoring point allowing rotation of the second guiding arm. The sensing frame includes a plurality of coupling flexures and a transducer for sensing motion of the first and second rails.

Abstract: An angular velocity sensor includes: a frame including a pair of first beams extending in a first direction and opposed to each other in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, a pair of second beams extending in the second direction and opposed to each other in the first direction, and connections between those pairs; a drive unit that vibrates the frame in a first plane, to which the first and second directions belong, in a vibration mode in which when one pair of those pairs move closer to each other, the other move away from each other, and vice versa; a first detector that detects, based on the amount of deformation of the frame in the first plane, an angular velocity around an axis of a third direction orthogonal to the first plane; and a support mechanism including a base portion and joint portions.

Abstract: A piezoelectric substrate includes vibrating arms, a base portion to which one end portion of each vibrating arm is connected, spindle portions formed in the other end portion of each vibrating arm, formed to have a large width, and having first groove portions formed therein, and second groove portions that are formed along the resonator center line of each vibrating arm, and flexure-torsional combined resonator is excited. A piezoelectric resonator element has flexural resonator of flexure-torsional combined resonator that is excited as its principal resonator and sets the cutting angle of the piezoelectric substrate, the widths and the depths of the first groove portion and the second groove portion, and the thickness of the vibrating arm such that the frequency-temperature characteristics represent third-order characteristics with respect to the temperature.

Abstract: A method of measuring acceleration using an optical sensor. In the optical sensor, acceleration, acoustic velocity, or displacement (vibration) causes a corresponding shift in the center wavelength of the sensor output. The sensor can be coupled to a high-speed interferometric interrogator through an unbalanced fiber interferometer. The unbalanced interferometer functions to translate optical wavelength shift into phase shift, which is easily demodulated by the interrogator.

Abstract: A MEMS device (20) includes a substrate (24) and a movable element (22) adapted for motion relative to the substrate (24). A secondary structure (46) extends from the movable element (22). The secondary structure (46) includes a secondary mass (54) and a spring (56) interconnected between the movable element (22) and the mass (54). The spring (56) is sufficiently stiff to prevent movement of the mass (54) when the movable element (22) is subjected to force within a sensing range of the device (20). When the device (20) is subjected to mechanical shock (66), the spring (56) deflects so that the mass (54) moves counter to the motion of the movable element (22). Movement of the mass (54) causes the movable element (22) to vibrate to mitigate stiction between the movable element (22) and other structures of the device (20) and/or to prevent breakage of components within the device (22).

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer program products for nondestructive ultrasound imaging are provided. An example method defines a plurality of subarrays, each comprising a plurality of ultrasound transducer elements. The method transmits a plurality of ultrasound beams from each of the plurality of subarrays, each ultrasound beam being transmitted at a preset beamsteering angle. Subsequent to each transmit, the method receives, at the array, a plurality of ultrasound reflections corresponding to the plurality of ultrasound beams. For each point to be imaged, the method selects one set of received element data for each of the plurality of subarrays. The selected set of element data corresponds to an ultrasound beam having a focal point closest to the point to be imaged. Finally, the method reconstructs a point to be imaged based on the selected received element data, and constructs an ultrasound image by repeating this process for each point to be imaged.

Abstract: A method for imaging internal flaws of a rail is disclosed. The method may include transmitting multiple ultrasound pulses into the rail along transverse and longitudinal axes of the rail, acquiring reflected ultrasound data from the rail, processing the reflected ultrasound data by applying an ultrasound migration technique to the reflected ultrasound data, and mapping the internal flaws of the rail based on the reflected ultrasound data processed by the ultrasound migration technique.

Abstract: A device for measuring a sound source distribution in three-dimensional space is provided in which tracer particles included in a steady flow around an object (12) are irradiated with a two-dimensional laser sheet (Ls) within an x-y plane at two times having a very short time interval, images of the irradiated tracer particles are taken from two intersecting directions in the laser sheet (Ls) by imaging means (32A, 32B), and two in-plane velocity components of the tracer particles in the laser sheet (Ls) and one out-of-plane velocity component perpendicular to the laser sheet (Ls) are measured based on the images taken at the two times. Further, the velocity field of the three velocity components in three-dimensional space is measured by obtaining three velocity components within a plurality of planes spaced apart in a z-axis direction perpendicular to the laser sheet (Ls) and stacking the three velocity components within the plurality of planes in the z-axis direction.

Abstract: A resonator has a body of silicon-based material with at least one resonant part having at least one portion covered in an electrical conduction layer and at least one portion not covered in a conduction layer. The portion of the resonator not covered in a conduction layer is covered in a passivation layer in such a manner that, in the resonant part, the silicon-based material is completely covered by the conduction layer and by the passivation layer in combination. A vibrating sensor is also provided which includes such a resonator and a method of fabricating the resonator.

Abstract: A supporting frame section of a diaphragm layer and a fixing section of a pressure sensor are joined using a first joining material. A pair of bases of a pressure sensitive element layer and a pair of supporting sections are joined using a second joining material having a melting point higher than the melting point of the first joining material.

Abstract: In a pressure sensing element made of piezoresistors formed into a silicon substrate, thermally-induced stresses on the piezoresistors and thermally-induced voltage offsets can be reduced by thinning the substrate prior to forming the resistors and then forming the resistors into the thinned-out recess. Forming a circular or disk-shaped recess in the substrate and then forming the resistors therein is believed to cause thermally-induced stresses to be evenly distributed and/or cancelled out on all four piezoresistors of a Wheatstone bridge circuit.

Abstract: A machine for testing shingles and structure covering with a measuring devise supported above the surface, The way it measures shingle strength, Database of new undamaged shingle strength values based upon manufacture, shingle type and approval ASTM test method, How the devise attaches to the shingle specimen, Moveable and repeatable results, and Compares damaged and non-damaged shingles based upon their ASTM test method certification.