Abstract: The device for testing reverse osmosis membranes provides for the quick and efficient testing of the transport properties of reverse osmosis membranes at a fixed pressure over a fixed period of time. The device includes a first chamber adapted for receiving a volume of de-ionized water and a second chamber adapted for receiving a volume of brine. In use, a reverse osmosis membrane to be tested is clamped between the first and second chambers and a pressurized inert gas, such as gaseous nitrogen, is injected into the second chamber at known pressure to initiate reverse osmosis transport. The transport is carried out at the known pressure for a fixed period of time, after which the concentration of brine volume of water in the first chamber is measured.

Abstract: A device for detecting a combustion chamber pressure of an internal combustion engine includes a sensor housing which is designed to be at least partially introduced into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. On the combustion chamber side, the sensor housing has an opening which is closed by at least one diaphragm. At least one mechanical-electrical transducer element is accommodated inside the sensor housing. Furthermore, at least one transmission element is provided, which is implemented separately from the sensor housing, for transmitting a deformation of the diaphragm to the mechanical-electrical transducer element.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio estimating device can include an amount of fuel injected calculating unit which can estimate the amount of fuel injected GF for each cycle on the basis of a driving time Tout of a fuel injection valve. A proportional constant calculating section determines a proportional constant K, using the estimated charging efficiency CE and the amount of fuel injected Gf, when the output value of a sensor is in a transition region R. When the sensor output value is not in the transition region R, an air-fuel ratio A/F is estimated from the determined proportional constant K, a charging efficiency CE calculated by a calculating section, and the amount of fuel injected Gf.

Abstract: A tire condition monitoring system includes a transmission device, a receiving device, and a monitoring section. The transmission device includes a sensor, a transmitter, a housing, and a engaged member. The sensor detects, as the tire information, a condition of gas filled in the tire cavity area surrounded with the tire and a rim. The transmitter wirelessly transmits the detected tire information. The housing houses the sensor and the transmitter, including an inner space and a through hole. The inner space is surrounded with a wall of the housing and is separated from the tire cavity area. The through hole passes through the wall. The engaged member is engaged with the through hole to be provided to the housing. The engaged member includes one of an air vent and a communication groove for communicating between the tire cavity area and the inner space.

Abstract: A wheel monitoring system that includes a tracking filter apparatus for tracking a signal that has a varying main frequency. The tracking filter apparatus has an adjustable filter and a filter controller arranged to measure the amplitude of the filtered signal and to compare amplitude against a reference value. The filter controller adjusts the cut off frequency of the filter if the measured amplitude differs from the reference value by an amount that exceeds a threshold value. The filter controller adjusts the cut off frequency such that the main frequency lies within the roll off region of the filter's frequency response. The system may be used to track signals that are produced by shock sensors in a wheel mounted monitoring device.

Abstract: A snorkel and pad for use with a formation testing tool is formed with a cylindrical geometry at the interface where the snorkel and pad contacts the inner surface of a borehole. The cylindrical geometry reduces or eliminates gaps that a flat interface surface would leave between the snorkel and the inner surface of the borehole, reducing the possibility that a surrounding pad could extrude through the gap. The snorkel is prevented from rotating during operation, ensuring the correct orientation of the cylindrical geometry interface surface relative to the inner surface of the borehole. The snorkel may be used as part of a formation testing system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an instrument for marking and environmental monitoring in regatta courses having an inflatable float and a modular mast which is collapsible, The mast and float are transportable in compact package of reduced size. When deployed, the instrument is designed to simultaneously define the area of conducting the nautical trials, and transmit the conditions of the area in both meteorological and oceanographic terms. The system comprises an inflatable pneumatic float and a mast which serves to house the meteorological and oceanographic instrumentation, as well as a group of elements for communication, electromechanical components, and an anchorage system.

Abstract: A flowmeter (1) comprises a housing (2, 4) delimiting a measuring chamber (10). The housing is formed of a first body (4) and second body (2) that are assembled together by a bayonet connector having a number of pairs of interconnecting securing parts (25, 25?, 25a, 26, 26?, 26a, 45, 4?, 45a). The pairs of securing parts are arranged so that the first and second bodies (2, 4) are assemblable in only one position or in a number of different positions that is smaller than the number of pairs of interconnecting securing parts.

Abstract: In the case of a device for ascertaining a fill level of a medium inside a collection container, having at least one measuring chamber, in which an ultrasonic sensor is arranged, connected to conduct media to the collection chamber, and having at least one antechamber connected upstream from the measuring chamber, which has at least one inlet opening for the medium from the collection chamber, at least one flow damper for the medium, according to the invention, is arranged in at least one subarea of the antechamber. Thereby multiple antechambers, which are connected in series one behind another to conduct media, are connected upstream from the measuring chamber.

Abstract: Sealing systems and level monitors for a tank are disclosed. A housing defines a bore and has exterior dimensions suitable for fitting in a port through the tank. An elongate member or cable passes through the bore of the housing. First and second seal assemblies are set within the bore against first and second stops, respectively, in the housing. The first and second seal assemblies are spaced from one another to form a fluid reservoir and are both sealed to the housing and to the elongate member or cable. The fluid reservoir may be pressured by a bias device. The elongate member or cable may be connected to a float.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, apparatus, and devices and methods of fabrication for electromechanical devices. In one implementation, an apparatus includes a metal proof mass and a piezoelectric component as part of a MEMS device. Such apparatus can be particularly useful for MEMS gyroscope devices. For instance, the metal proof mass, which may have a density several times larger than that of silicon, is capable of reducing the quadrature and bias error in a MEMS gyroscope device, and capable of increasing the sensitivity of the MEMS gyroscope device.

Abstract: An accelerometer for reducing undesired attraction or repulsion forces between a proof mass and a cover. An exemplary accelerometer includes a proof mass, a base, a flexure that flexibly attaches the proof mass to the base, at least one double-ended tuning fork (DETF) attached at one end to the proof mass and at another end to the base, and a housing structure that encloses the proof mass within a cavity. A layer of graphene is located on at least a portion of the nonconductive surfaces within the housing structure. The nonconductive surfaces include a surface on the proof mass, the housing structure, the base, the flexure, or the DETF. The layer of graphene is attached to a heat sink and/or to an electrical charge dissipation component.

Abstract: A method for generating electrical power from an acceleration of an object is provided. The method including: vibrating a mass-spring unit upon an acceleration of an object; transmitting a force resulting from the acceleration from the mass-spring unit to the one or more piezoelectric elements; converting the vibration of the mass-spring unit to an electrical energy; and calculating at least one of the force and acceleration based on an output of the one or more piezoelectric elements.

Abstract: A body has a first portion whose exterior surface is similar to that of a corresponding, first portion of a portable media device. An acoustic aperture is formed at a location that is similar to that of a built-in earpiece, speaker, or microphone aperture in the media device. An acoustic port is formed in the exterior surface of the body, and is adapted to be coupled to a sound test tool. An internal cavity acoustically couples the acoustic port to the acoustic aperture. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A process transmitter for sensing a process variable includes a transmitter housing, a sensor, transmitter circuitry, a passageway and a flame arrestor. The transmitter housing has an interior. The sensor is disposed within the interior, senses a process variable of an industrial process and generates a sensor signal. The transmitter circuitry is disposed within the interior and connects to the sensor. The passageway is in communication with the sensor and extends through the interior of the transmitter housing. The passageway has a first cross-sectional profile. The flame arrestor is positioned in the passageway. The flame arrestor has a second cross-sectional profile different from the first cross-sectional profile. The flame arrestor produces a path in an interior of the passageway having a smaller cross-sectional area than that of the first cross-sectional profile of the passageway.

Abstract: A gage pressure transducer comprising a first pressure sensing assembly exposed to a main pressure and a second pressure sensing assembly exposed to a reference pressure. The pressure sensing assemblies comprise half-bridge sensors and means for using an alignment glass plate with each sensor which reduces the amount of oil required for operation, which consequently reduces the back pressures caused by large volumes of oil. The pressure sensor assemblies are hermetically sealed using glass frits, therefore enabling the gage pressure transducer to robustly and accurately measure pressure in harsh environments.

Abstract: The invention concerns a connection device for connecting a first reservoir with a second reservoir, having a first section (11) for arranging the first reservoir (5) closed with a seal (51); a second section (12) for arranging the second reservoir; and a piercing element (2) which penetrates with a piercing end (21) the seal (51) of the first reservoir (5) when the first reservoir (5) is arranged at the first section (11). According to the invention, the piercing element (2) can be moved from a first position into a second position, wherein it blocks in the first position a flow connection between the first and the second section (11, 12), while in the second position it allows for a flow connection between the first and the second section (11, 12).

Abstract: A load pin includes a main body, a plurality of recesses, and a plurality of sensor pockets. The main body has a plurality of loading surfaces and a plurality of relief surfaces formed therein. Each loading surface is disposed between two of the relief surfaces. The recesses are formed in and extend at least partially around the outer surface of the main body. Each recess has a substantially round inner surface, is formed in a different one of the relief surfaces, and is disposed between a different pair of loading surface. The sensor pockets are formed in the outer surface, extend partially into the main body, are disposed between a pair of loading surfaces, and extend through the recess that is disposed between the same pair of loading surfaces.

Abstract: An optical fiber (FD) that can be used for measuring pressure is arranged as follows. The optical fiber (FD) comprises a core (CO) and a cladding (CL) surrounding and contacting the core (CO). A stress-applying arrangement (SE1, SE2), which is embedded in the cladding (CL), applies constant anisotropic stress on the core (CO). This causes the core (CO) to exhibit a deformation. A pressure conversion arrangement (HO1, H02), which is also embedded in the cladding (CL), converts isotropic external pressure applied to the optical fiber (FD) into pressure-dependent anisotropic stress applied to the core (CO). The pressure conversion arrangement (HO1, H02) is disposed with respect to the stress-applying arrangement (SE1, SE2) so that the pressure-dependent anisotropic stress enhances the deformation of the core (CO) caused by the constant anisotropic stress.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for investigating subsurface properties of sediment, soil, snow, food stuff and other soft materials incorporates a probe head, preferably in the form of a coil spring that functions as a screw thread, which moves into the soil, snow, sediment, food stuff or other soft material, isolates a column of the material and applies tension to that column while measuring the applied force with a force sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a multiphase fluid stream which flows in a pipe (2) comprising: a measuring unit (11), coaxial to the pipe, consisting of an isokinetic sampling device (1) suitably configured for allowing the equidistribution of the flow at the inlet in n channels (6) having an area A, of which m are sampling channels and a flow restriction (13) both equipped with differential pressure measuring means (12, 14), a phase separator (15), connected to the sampling device, measurers and regulation means downstream of said separator. A method in accordance with said apparatus which comprises: the isokinetic sampling of a portion q of the multiphase flow Q at the inlet, measuring the flowrates of the liquid qL and gas qG of the portion sampled and calculating the liquid and gas flow-rates (QL and Q0) from the sampling sections according to the equations QG=n/tn qG and QL=n/m qL. The method provides isokinetic sampling for portions of flow removed ranging from 5% to 20%.

Abstract: A force/moment sensor for measurement of three orthogonal forces and three orthogonal moments, comprises an inner holding element which is surrounded by an outer holding element. The two holding elements are connected to each other by deformation elements. For each deformation element, at least one deformation transducer is provided. The force/moment sensor is preferably monolithic, and the deformation transducers, formed as strain gauges, are preferably arranged in one plane or in two preferably parallel planes.

Abstract: Force or pressure transducer arrays have elastically stretchable electrically conductive polymer threads disposed in parallel rows and columns that contact at intersections thereof a piezoresistive material which has an electrical resistivity which varies inversely with pressure or force exerted thereon to form a matrix array of force or pressure sensor elements. The threads are fixed to a single one or pair of flexible elastically stretchable substrate sheets made of thin sheets of an insulating polymer such as PVC, or for greater elasticity and conformability to irregularly-shaped objects such as human body parts, an elastically stretchable fabric such as LYCRA or SPANDEX. Elastic stretchability of the sensor arrays is optionally enhanced by disposing either or both row and column conductive threads in sinuously curved, serpentine paths rather than straight lines.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sealed constant force generation system utilizing a spring system comprising a spring system housing unit, spacers, interchangeable spring load rod and conical spring washers, a puller assembly comprising a puller, pivot assembly, seal system and o-ring, a lever arm system, an adjustment system, a load stopper and fulcrum housing unit. A method for applying the sealed constant force generation system on objects or loads experiencing a specific displacement is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for accurately measuring torque in a rotating shaft. The apparatus comprises axially spaced magnet-detector pairs, mounted to rotate with the shaft and means for sensing relative rotation between the magnets.

Abstract: An isolated torque sensing device is described having a torque tube that may be configured in an axle of a bicycle or e-bike. A strain gauge is configured on either the inner or outer diameter of the torque tube. The torque sensor system may be configured in a 4-point bending configuration, wherein force from bearings within the axle, apply force to the torque tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining an integral strength of a magnet, including a magnetically attractive specimen, a force-sensing device for receiving the specimen and determining a magnitude of a first force applied by the specimen against the force-sensing device in the presence of the magnet and a magnitude of a second force applied by the specimen against the force-sensing device in the absence of the magnet, and a platform for receiving the magnet and for positioning the magnet at a desired distance above the specimen.

Abstract: A detection device (10) for shocks on a part (20) comprises a base (11) intended to be fixed by a lower face (111) onto a surface of the part (20) where the occurrence of a shock is to be detected and comprises one or more detectors (12) fixed at the base (11) and protruding with respect to the base, a detector (12) being deformed in a persistent way with a magnitude equal to or greater than a threshold magnitude As when it is subjected to a shock with an energy equal to or greater than a threshold energy Es. Under the effect of such a shock with energy Es or greater, a detector (12) is simply deformed or broken such that the visual inspection allows the occurrence of the shock to be detected.

Abstract: An article of footwear includes an upper member and a sole structure, with a sensor system connected to the sole structure. The sensor system includes a plurality of sensors that are configured for detecting forces exerted by a user's foot on the sensor. The sensor system also includes a port that is configured to receive a module to place the module in communication with the sensors. The port includes a housing with a chamber configured to receive the module and an interface engaged with the housing and having at least one electrical contact exposed to the chamber. Additional retaining structure and interface structure may be included.

Abstract: A sensor substrate includes a plurality of piezoresistance elements. The electrical resistance of each piezoresistance element changes in accordance with an amount of displacement of a displacement portion displaced by an external load applied through a pressure receiving unit. A base substrate supports the sensor substrate. The sensor substrate and the base substrate each include a support supporting the displacement portion such that the displacement portion can be displaced and a plurality of electrically connecting portions electrically connected to the plurality of piezoresistance elements. The supports of the sensor and base substrates are joined to each other and the plurality of electrically connecting portions of the sensor and base substrates are joined to each other. Furthermore, in each of the sensor and base substrates, either the support or the plurality of electrically connecting portions or both extend to the periphery of the sensor substrate or the base substrate.

Abstract: A method applying a biological specimen to an analytic plate by using an applicator device to apply a coating to the analytic plate and adhering the biological sample to the plate. The coating is substantially transparent, translucent or invisible, and is substantially flush with the surface of the analytic plate. The coating is preferably comprised of a polysiloxane, siloxane, silicone, a silane, a silicon fluid, or a combination thereof and optionally an acid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the collection, transportation and analysis of gas samples which may be required in various scientific, environmental and natural resource contexts is provided. The apparatus comprises a sampling container assembly for sampling a fluid. The container assembly comprises a body defining a sampling chamber having a first end and a second end, a first valve assembly fluidly coupled with the first end and a reactant material positioned within the sampling chamber for reacting with the fluid. After collection of the sample in the sampling container assembly, hazardous fluids are converted to non-hazardous materials that can be transported without additional hazardous material restraints. Further, the flow through design of the sampling container assembly allows for the collection of gases such as H2S at low concentrations by flowing the gas over the reactant materials for longer periods of time.

Abstract: An operating element with a drive motor equipped with a drive shaft, which can be driven in two opposite rotational directions to move an actuating element between two end positions by a motion transmission device. Each of two motion transmission devices includes a winding body, onto which a traction element is wound in the direction opposite to that in which the traction element of the other transmission device is wound. The free end of the traction element is attached to the actuating element.

Abstract: A drive device for a deployment element of a motor vehicle, in particular for a pivotable hinged window, which can be moved between an open position and a closed position in a motorized manner is provided. A spur gear transmission driven by an electric motor comprises an output gear having a coupling lever for coupling a deployment lever in a rotationally movable manner, a spur gear that meshes with the output gear, and an intermediate gear that is coaxial with the spur gear. The output gear has outer teeth having two teeth sections of different axial tooth width. The deployment lever that is coupled to the coupling lever extends in a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the rotational axes of the spur gear transmission.

Abstract: A subsea electric actuator comprises an electric motor and a telescopic drive connection (8) from the motor to a drive unit (10, 11, 12) which can be moved to and fro and converts rotary motion of the connection to linear motion of an actuating stem (5). A return spring (14) is operable on the drive unit to urge the actuating stem towards a datum state. An electromagnetic latch (15) is operative when set to maintain the drive unit in a predetermined position so as to decouple the action of the return spring whereby the stem can be advanced and retracted relative to the drive unit free from the action of the return spring. De-energisation of the latch allows the return spring to operate on the drive unit to return the actuating stem to the datum state. Various forms of electromagnetic latch are described.

Abstract: A clutch-type electrical driving device for a bicycle includes a first one-way bearing provided between a transmission sprocket assembly and an electrical driving assembly, and a second one-way bearing provided between the transmission sprocket assembly and a pedal driving assembly. When a user selects to drive sprockets via the electrical driving assembly for moving the bicycle forward, the sprockets would not feed back to bring two pedal assemblies to rotate at the same time. On the other hand, when the user selects to drive the bicycle forward via the pedal driving assemblies, the sprockets would not feed back to rotate the electrical driving assembly. Therefore, the user can ride the bicycle safely because the pedal assemblies would not rotate along with the sprockets when the latter are driven by the electrical driving device to rotate at high speed. A clutch-type drive for the electrical driving device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A gear change device for a motor vehicle includes a first and a second primary shaft coaxial with respect to each other, selectively connectable to the driving shaft of the motor vehicle, and a first and a second secondary shaft, whose axes are parallel and spaced from the common axis of said primary shafts. A fifth shaft is parallel and spaced with respect to the common axis of the two primary shafts and with respect to the axes of the two secondary shafts. A parking gear wheel is connected in rotation with the further pinion and cooperates with a locking device in. a parking condition. The parking gear wheel is mounted freely rotatable around the axis of the fifth shaft. The parking gear wheel extends radially towards the first secondary shaft within the space between the first reverse gear wheel and a rolling bearing which rotatably supports the first secondary shaft. The bearing is axially interposed between the first reverse gear wheel and the output pinion of the first secondary shaft.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus is provided with a first rotational member, a second rotational member, a clutch device for coupling a power transmission between the first rotational member and the second rotational member, and a ring shape actuator of the clutch device. A rotational axis of one of the first rotational member and the second rotational member penetrates through a radially internal space of the ring shape actuator.

Abstract: An improved final drive is disclosed. The axle includes a double reduction gearbox for off-road machines, which, unlike currently available double reduction gearboxes, contains no planetary gear sets. The improved drive axle contains spur gears having pockets adapted to contain brake disc packs. The pockets may permit utilization of a plurality of brake packs within the gearbox without requiring additional space or enlargement of the gearbox housing. Use of spur gears may thus enable use of fewer gear parts, while use of multiple brake packs may enhance final drive brake capacity, improve longevity of the brake packs, and lengthen brake servicing cycles.

Abstract: A power transmission mechanism includes a worm gear mechanism including a worm wheel and a worm gear; a shaft extending in a vertical direction and having the worm gear in a lower part; a first gear located in an upper direction of the shaft; and a second gear configured to be able to engage with the first gear and connect to a shaft of a prime mover.

Abstract: A powertrain system includes an engine control module that generates a negative torque transition signal based on a pending negative torque event of an engine. A transmission control module receives the negative torque transition signal from the engine control module. The transmission control module increases a slip speed of a torque converter clutch in preparation for the pending negative torque event by adjusting pressure in the torque converter clutch prior to the pending negative torque event. The transmission control module decreases the slip speed in the torque converter clutch based on completion of a transition at least one of to the pending negative torque event and from the pending negative torque event.

Abstract: A shift switching control device of a vehicle including a shift switching mechanism that electrically switches a shift position of an automatic transmission with activation of a step motor based on an operation signal indicative of an operating state of an operating device for switching a shift position of the automatic transmission, wherein if a first shift switching control is provided that is determined in advance as shift position switching control giving higher priority to higher output of the step motor rather than responsiveness of switching of a shift position, the shift switching control device of a vehicle drives the step motor in a one-two-phase excitation mode and sets a rotation speed of the step motor to a predetermined first rotation speed, and wherein if a second shift switching control is provided that is determined in advance as shift position switching control giving higher priority to responsiveness of switching of a shift position rather than higher output of the step motor, the shift swi

Abstract: A speed control device, which is adapted to be used in connection with a derailleur type bicycle or internal gear hub type bicycle, has one operation mode for up-shifting the speed and another operation mode for down-shifting the speed. The two operation modes can be affected by an operation lever, and with the operation lever being pivoted in a second rotation direction for the up-shifting operation and in a first rotation direction for the down-shifting operation.

Abstract: A structure with six degrees of freedom for a robot or haptic interface including a base, two branches in parallel, and a wrist joint. The branches are installed articulated between the base and the wrist joint, the branches including a shoulder, an arm, and a forearm supporting the wrist joint. The wrist joint includes a connecting segment onto which a handle holder is articulated about a first rotation axis. A handle is articulated in rotation on the handle holder about a second rotation axis, the handle capable of being moved in rotation about the first axis, the second axis, and a third axis, and a mechanism gears down the rotation of the handle holder about at least the first rotation axis relative to rotation of the connecting segment.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a steering apparatus for a vehicle mounting a steering lock device to an upper tube by small numbers of constructing parts. A guide supporting mechanism guiding and supporting a upper tube in relation to a lower housing along an axial direction of the upper tube includes a guide bracket portion fixed to the upper tube, and a guide portion mounted in the lower housing to guide and support the guide bracket along the axial direction of the guide tube. A steering lock device locking and unlocking rotation of the upper shaft includes a lock housing guiding a cylinder in back and forth direction, and a lock bracket portion mounted in a shape of grasping the upper tube by the lock housing therewith. The guide bracket and the lock bracket portion are formed to one piece as a whole.

Abstract: A pressing face of an acceleration pedal, which is formed to slant such that a front portion thereof is positioned at a higher level than a rear portion thereof, is located in front of a pressing face of a brake pedal, which is formed to slant such that a front portion thereof is positioned at a higher level than a rear portion thereof. A slant angle of the pressing face of the acceleration pedal relative to a horizontal face is different from a slant angle of the pressing face of the brake pedal relative to the horizontal face in a side view. Accordingly, a lower structure of a driver's compartment which can improve the operation of the acceleration and brake pedals can be provided.

Abstract: An improved hand guard assembly comprises a main body portion, a clamp, and an arm member. A hinge joint assembly pivotally connects the arm member to a second end of the main body portion. The clamp connects a handlebar to a first end of the main body portion. A coil spring of the hinge joint assembly restricts the free rotation of the arm member relative to the main body portion about a central axis. In a frontal accident or sudden deceleration of the vehicle, the operator's arms may hit the shield attached to the arm member in a forward direction imparting a forward force and rotating the arm member about the hinge joint assembly. The operator may then be thrown clear from the vehicle, preventing additional injuries that can occur when an operator's arms are caught between conventional hand guards and the handlebars.

Abstract: A handlebar grip includes an outer tube, an inner tube extending inside the outer tube, and an annular space defined between the inner and outer tubes for receiving therein a bicycle handlebar. The inner tube has guide slots and an inner guide surface having a gradually decreased diameter. Through a threadedly connecting structure a wedge-shaped member is threaded with a bolt extending into the outer tube in a way that ribs of the wedge-shaped member are inserted in the guide slots of the inner tube respectively. When the bolt is gradually tightened up to drive the wedge-shaped member to move into the inner tube, a circumferential surface of the wedge-shaped member, which is configured to be matched with the inner guide surface of the inner tube, will squeeze the inner tube to expand outwardly so as to clamp the bicycle handlebar between the inner and outer tubes.

Abstract: A dual-mass flywheel is provided for a vehicle drivetrain having an internal combustion engine and a transmission. The dual-mass flywheel includes a primary mass adapted for connection to the engine and a secondary mass operatively connected to the primary mass and adapted for connection to the transmission. The clutching mechanism is configured to lock the secondary mass to the primary mass up to a threshold speed of the engine to reduce noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) during start up of the engine. The clutching mechanism is also configured to release the secondary mass from the primary mass above the threshold speed. A motor vehicle employing the disclosed dual-mass flywheel is also provided.

Abstract: A controlling device for synchronous folding pedals for bicycle includes bicycle pedal folding assembly. The assembly includes pedal base configured for pivotal connection with pedal cranks of the bicycle, braking ring and folding transmission subassembly. A foldable pedal is rotatably attached to the pedal base, and the pedal base has the first t axial line, the foldable pedal has the second axial line. The foldable pedal has a working position and a folded position along its rotating track. The braking ring is configured to reciprocate along the first axial line, and the braking ring drives the foldable pedal by the transmission subassembly shifting from the working position to the folded position. When folding pedals, only driving the braking ring can fulfill folding process of the foldable pedal, which operation is simplified and during the course of folding pedals, it is not necessary to touch the foldable pedals by hand.