Abstract: A cylinder liner for an engine includes a hollow cylindrical sleeve, with an inner surface and an outer surface, that extends from a first end to a second end along a longitudinal axis. The cylinder liner may also include an annular cuff-ring groove, with a radiused fillet region, on the inner surface proximate the first end. The cylinder liner may further include a hardened case formed on the inner surface of the sleeve. The case may extend under a base of the fillet region of the cuff-ring groove.

Abstract: A method for processing a cylinder block is disclosed, wherein a protrusion protruding toward a crankcase is provided at a crankcase-side edge of a cylinder bore and a sprayed coating is formed on an inner surface of the cylinder bore and an inner surface of the protrusion continuous with the inner surface of the cylinder bore. After forming the sprayed coating, at least part of the protrusion is removed together with the sprayed coating formed on the inner surface of the protrusion. Accordingly, even in the case of removing the edge portion of the cylinder bore on the crankcase side, a sufficient margin to be removed can be ensured while a reduction in size of the cylinder block is achieved.

Abstract: A piston and method of construction is provided. The piston includes a top part and a bottom part fixed to one another. The bottom part includes a pair of pin bosses providing a pair of laterally spaced pin bores aligned with one another along a pin bore axis. A friction weld joint bonds the top part to the bottom part. The top part and/or the lower part has an annular ring groove configured for receipt of a piston ring, wherein the ring groove has a thermally hardened surface formed by a hardened region of the heat affected zone.

Abstract: A partial groove 14 is formed in an inner circumferential surface of an upper side bearing member 11 of a main bearing 5 which pivotally supports a main shaft 3A of a crankshaft 3, and a space D between an end portion of the partial groove 14 and each of crush reliefs 11b formed at both ends in a circumferential direction of the upper side bearing member 11 is provided within a range of 2 mm?D?main shaft diameter/3. Further, a depth gradually decreasing portion 14b having an arc-shaped section is formed at an end portion of the partial groove 14, and a radius r of the depth gradually decreasing portion 14b is provided within a range of 0?r?main bearing inner circumferential surface radius×0.5. Further, in a connecting rod bearing 6, a lubricating oil discharge passage 23, which discharges a lubricating oil outside a connecting rod 4 when communicating with an internal passage 3C formed in the crankshaft 3, is provided.

Abstract: A laser ignition device for an internal combustion engine includes a laser spark plug having a laser-active solid and an outlet window for a laser pulse, and an antechamber. Certain sections of the antechamber are delimited by the outlet window and the antechamber has at least one opening to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. A blow-in device is provided, an outlet opening of the blow-in device ending in the antechamber.

Abstract: A laser spark plug having an antechamber is designed to irradiate laser radiation, which is guided and/or generated in the laser spark plug on at least two ignition points which are different from one another and are lying in the antechamber. The laser spark plug is designed to irradiate the laser radiation into the antechamber in such a way that a distance between at least one first ignition point and one second ignition point adjoining thereto is larger than a minimum distance between the first and/or the second ignition point(s) and an inner surface of the antechamber.

Abstract: An engine control module includes a deceleration fuel cutoff (DFCO) module, an actuator control module, and a rolling neutral (RN) module. The DFCO module determines whether to disable provision of fuel to an engine when a vehicle speed is greater than zero and selectively generates a DFCO signal based on the determination. The actuator control module disables the provision of fuel to the engine when the DFCO signal is generated. The RN module selectively generates an RN mode signal in response to a determination that the DFCO module is not generating the DFCO signal. The actuator control module controls the provision of fuel to the engine based on a desired engine speed when the RN mode signal is generated. A transmission control module disengages first and second input clutches of a dual clutch transmission (DCT) to decouple the DCT from the engine when the RN mode signal is generated.

Abstract: A purge gas injection system for internal combustion engines is disclosed. The system comprises a purge gas container filled with a sufficient purge gas to interrupt the combustion cycle of the engine, equipped with a controllable flow device capable of initiating and terminating flow from the container upon demand, with tubing connected to the purge gas container to direct the purge gas to a nozzle mounted on the combustion air intake of the engine. The system can be operated whenever the undesired conditions of dieseling or engine run-on are experienced and the operator of the engine may cause the purge gas to flow into the combustion air intake to defeat the undesirable run-on conditions.

Abstract: A method for estimating a combustion torque acting upon a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine is described. In one example, the method includes acquiring an instantaneous engine speed signal, calculating a cyclic engine speed signal based on the instantaneous engine speed signal, averaging the cyclic engine speed signal, correcting the averaged cyclic engine speed signal for engine losses, and estimating the combustion torque based on the corrected averaged cyclic engine speed signal. The description also concerns a control unit for an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An engine includes a carburetor, a governor assembly, and a vacuum actuator. The carburetor includes a throttle plate configured to control a fluid flow, a throttle lever coupled to the throttle plate, and an intake port in fluid communication with an engine vacuum pressure. The governor assembly includes a governor, a governor linkage coupled to the governor and the throttle lever, and a governor spring coupled to the throttle lever to bias the throttle plate towards the fully open position. The vacuum actuator includes an actuator housing, a pressure-sensitive member positioned in the actuator housing, an actuator linkage directly coupled to the governor spring and also coupled to the pressure-sensitive member for movement in response to the engine vacuum pressure, and an actuator spring coupled between a fixed attachment point and the actuator linkage to bias the actuator linkage to increase the tension on the governor spring.

Abstract: A motor-driven throttle valve control device having high reliability and resistance to electrostatic noise from the gear cover connector is obtained by compactly forming an inductance-based noncontact rotation angle detecting device at the end of the throttle shaft. In the present invention, an excitation conductor is attached to the tip of the throttle shaft to which the throttle valve is attached. The gear cover is provided with a magnetic field exciting conductor and a signal detection conductor to face the excitation conductor. Further, an insulating member is arranged between the rotating shaft (throttle shaft) and the magnetic field exciting conductor and signal detection conductor. With this configuration, a motor-driven throttle valve control device having an inductance-based noncontact rotation angle detecting device, not affected by electrostatic noise and having high reliability, is realized.

Abstract: A motorcycle having a head pipe, a vehicle body frame including a pair of left and right main flames extending rearward from the head pipe, and an engine below the vehicle body frame and including a cylinder having an inclined cylinder axis, and an intake device. The intake device has an air cleaner box above the engine and the main frames; a throttle body provided with throttle bores and a valve shaft penetrating the throttle bores, the throttle body is located on a rear side of the engine between the pair of left and right main frames and guides intake air from the air cleaner box to the engine; and a measuring device located on a rear side of the throttle body which rotates about a rotational shaft parallel to the valve shaft to measure a throttle operation amount.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and means of regulating the speed of a two-stroke combustion engine. An arrangement for alternating an ignition timing relative to a top dead center position is provided. For a given engine speed, the ignition timing may be step-wise adjustable. One or more steps may be used while alternating between two ignition timings. The ignition timing may be adjusted when the engine speed increases above a threshold engine speed.

Abstract: An engine comprises a combustion chamber, an expansion cylinder with a piston adapted for reciprocating motion in the expansion cylinder via combustion products combusted in the combustion chamber, and a transmission associated with the expansion cylinder. The transmission has a guide frame with a first drive wheel rotatably mounted at one end of the guide frame and a second drive wheel rotatably mounted at an opposite longitudinal end of the guide frame. Each of the drive wheels is driven by an inextensible continuous loop. The guide frame has a crank head adapted to reciprocatingly translate along the guide frame. The crank head has a drive connection pivotally connecting the crank head to the loop. The crank head is operatively connected to the piston such that reciprocating motion of the piston results in corresponding reciprocating motion of the crank head, movement of the loop, and corresponding rotation of the drive wheels.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine which is provided with a variable compression ratio mechanism which can change a mechanical compression ratio and a variable valve timing mechanism which can control a closing timing of an intake valve. No-entry regions (X1, X2) are set for a combination of the mechanical compression ratio, the closing timing of the intake valve, and the intake air amount. Furthermore, a no-entry layer is set so as to surround the no-entry region (X2). When the demanded intake air amount is made to decrease and the operating point moves toward the no-entry region (X2), the operating point is prohibited from entering the no-entry layer whereby the operating point is blocked from entering the no-entry region (X2).

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for powering an Otto-cycle engine using gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG). The Otto-cycle engine can be powered by determining a quantity of the gasoline and a quantity of the CNG to deliver to a cylinder of the engine during an engine cycle such that combustion within the cylinder occurs at a pre-determined air-fuel ratio; delivering the quantity of the gasoline to the cylinder via a gasoline injector and delivering the quantity of the CNG to the cylinder via a CNG injector such that the gasoline and the CNG combust during the same combustion event; and combusting the gasoline and the CNG within the cylinder. Delivering CNG and gasoline to the cylinder using separate injectors allows the quantities of CNG and gasoline to vary in response to engine operating conditions, which allows the fuel mixture to be adjusted to satisfy engine power and emissions criteria.

Abstract: The present disclosure refers to a mixing pipe for mixing recirculated exhaust gas and air, preferably supplied by a high pressure compressor, and supplying a mixture of the exhaust gas and the air to a plurality of combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine. The mixing pipe may comprise a first mixing pipe section having a mixing pipe inlet and a mixing pipe outlet. The distance between the mixing pipe inlet and the mixing pipe outlet may have a predetermined length, wherein the predetermined length of the first mixing pipe section is configured to achieve a defined mixing ratio of the exhaust gas and the air at the mixing pipe outlet.

Abstract: An engine assembly includes an engine structure, an air intake assembly and a positive crankcase ventilation system. The engine structure defines an intake port and a crankcase. Furthermore, the air intake assembly is in communication with the intake port. The positive crankcase ventilation system includes a fresh air line, a housing and a foul air line. The fresh air line is in communication with the air intake assembly and the crankcase. The housing defines an air inlet and an air outlet with the air inlet being in communication with the crankcase and partially defined by a wall extending into an inner volume of the housing. An oil separation mechanism may be located in the housing between the air inlet and the air outlet. The foul air line is in communication with the air intake assembly and the air outlet.

Abstract: Two-stroke engine (10) including an engine cylinder (18), a piston (20) sliding in the engine cylinder (18), an air pump (9), a main pipe (32) connected to the air pump (9) that communicates with the engine cylinder (18) through a plurality of scavenging pipes (28) opening into the cylinder immediately above the piston (20) in its bottom dead center position, an exhaust pipe also opening into the cylinder (18) immediately above the piston (20) in its bottom dead center position, an auxiliary pipe (29) branching from the main pipe (32) and opening into the cylinder (18) at a level higher than the scavenging pipes (28) and exhaust pipes (33), and a valve (30) capable of selectively opening and closing the auxiliary pipe (29) and configured to supercharge and decompress the cylinder (18) during the engine start-up phase.

Abstract: An engine has a cylinder wherein a reciprocating piston is mounted. The piston drives, via a connecting rod (6), a crankshaft (7) pivotably mounted in a crankcase. The connecting rod is connected to the piston via a piston pin. An inlet window for combustion air is provided and controlled by the piston. The piston separates a combustion chamber from the crankcase interior space and has a piston base the underside of which is oriented toward the crankcase. To achieve good cooling of the piston and of the piston pin bearing, a first flow-guide element is provided within the crankcase interior space adjacent to the inlet window. The first flow-guide element redirects the combustion air flowing in through the inlet window in the direction of the underside of the piston base.

Abstract: A kit for converting a compound bow into an inline crossbow includes a draw-lock bar with a mechanism to attach the bow to one end. Near the other end of the draw-lock bar is a trigger assembly that attaches to one side of the bar and a string latch and release assembly that attaches to an opposite side of the bar. The trigger assembly and the latch/release assembly-can be attached on either side of the bar such that the bow is configured for left or right hand shooting. The trigger assembly is attached to the bar well forward of the latch/release assembly, and an actuator rod that passes inside of the draw-lock bar connects the trigger with the string latch/release. A sliding cover over the string latch prevents the released bow string from stinging the archer's check.

Abstract: A compressed air firing shell for a toy gun includes a firing chamber for receiving a soft projectile and a pressure chamber to store a high-pressure charge of air. A release port delimits the pressure chamber from the firing chamber. A piston within the pressure chamber seals the release port and unseals the release port upon triggered activation of the activation member to allow the charge to pass from the pressure chamber to the firing chamber to effect firing of the soft projectile.

Abstract: The present invention provides a safety control device of gas oven, which is connected with an oven door of the gas oven, a burner and a gas pipeline; it comprising: a main body and a control unit, of which the main body is provided with a gas inlet and several gas outlets; the control unit is flexibly set into the main body and connected with the oven door, so as to control if the gas inlet is connected with the gas outlet; with this design, it enables gas supply to the oven and guarantee its operating safety by controlling the oven door.

Abstract: An integrated structure of an air heater includes at least an air blowing unit, at least an air passage housing, a heating arrangement, and a overheat protection unit, which are fastened with each other to form the integrated structure, wherein the air blowing unit and the overheat protection unit are respectively fastened with the air passage housing, and the air passage housing is connected to the heating arrangement with screws. A simple and compact integrated structure for air heater is provided wherein its assembling method is easy and its manufacturing cost is low.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a gas burner secondary air feed, comprising an air inlet (2) in contact with ambient air; an air exit (3) near the base of flames 9 of a burner (7); an elongated duct (1) connecting said air inlet (2) to said air exit (3), said duct being disposed beneath a cooking table (8) and capable of supplying an air flow from the air inlet (2) towards said air exit (3) by convection generated by flames (9) of the burner (7). Said duct (1) comprises a straight section (6) substantially parallel to the flat portion of said cooling table (8) and an upward section (5) directed to flames (9) of the burner (7), said straight section (6) connected to the upward section (5) by means of an inflection region (4).

Abstract: In order to produce a line element lead-through that is resistant to fire and flue gas for simple installation into one or more paneled drywalls, whereby the line element lead-through can be used in a matching component opening and is also sealed against fire and flue gas when empty, a line element lead-through is suggested with a molded element closed on at least one side of an elastically deformable intumescent material as a sleeve, especially formed as a truncated cone or a cylinder, with the criterion that the opening cross section of the sleeve corresponds to maximum 60% of the cross section of the component pass-through. Embedded within the molded element is a support structure.

Abstract: A method for modifying an open-top burner system to a radiant burner system involves providing a stovetop having an open top burner system which includes a grate, burner head, and a venturi burner. The venturi burner includes an open top annular channel about a central opening. Further provided are a central hole plug, an emitter, and a radiant burner head assembly. To modify the stovetop, the grate and burner head are removed from the stovetop and the central plug is used to block airflow through the central opening. The radiant burner head assembly is next positioned over the venturi burner and the emitter is positioned over the radiant burner head assembly. This series of steps thereby converts the assembly from a traditional open-top burner system to a radiant burner system. A kit may be provided to facilitate the process.

Abstract: The invention involves a time dependent method for reducing cosine loss from heliostat fields in receiver system solar power plants with not one but multiple towers and multiple receivers. In this method heliostats change which tower mounted receiver they aim reflected Sun rays through day times to reduce cosine loss. In preferred embodiments a field of heliostats of several tens of acres has many towers and receivers. These systems are called dynamic distributed tower receiver systems (DDTRS).

Abstract: A boiler for a solar receiver includes a first boiler panel having a plurality of tubes fluidly connecting an inlet header of the first boiler panel to an outlet header of the first boiler panel. The tubes of the first boiler panel form a first solar receiver surface. A second boiler panel has a plurality of tubes fluidly connecting an inlet header of the second boiler panel to an outlet header of the second boiler panel. The tubes of the second boiler panel form a second solar receiver surface. The first and second boiler panels are adjacent to one another with a portion of the first boiler panel and an end of the first solar receiver surface overlapping an end of the second boiler panel to reduce solar radiation passing between the first and second solar receiver surfaces.

Abstract: A container for holding and dispensing a liquid and/or dissolved active substance, for example a pharmaceutical or cosmetic active substance, has at least one dispensing organ (5) for dispensing, preferably in a portioned manner, the one active substance. Provision is also made for at least two holding chambers (9, 11) separated from one another, at least one of which contains the one active substance and at least one of which contains an at least largely active-substance-free liquid and/or a further active substance differing from the one active substance, wherein the dispensing organ is connected to the at least one chamber containing the active substance for dispensing purposes.

Abstract: A reverse dilator system and method are provided, suitable for dilating a passageway into a patient airway. In one embodiment, a tracheal intubation system is provided. The tracheal intubation system includes a reverse dilator. The reverse dilator includes a shaft and a resizable portion disposed on a distal portion of the shaft. The reverse dilator is configured to dilate a tracheal passageway leading into an airway from inside the airway.

Abstract: A continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system provides positive airway pressure therapy. It has been recognized that users generally prefer to breathe freely rather than to fight the pressurized air when possible. A continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system provides positive airway pressure therapy when required, but allows the user to breathe freely with the mask on when positive airway pressure is not required. The system has a valve that moves between two positions to open and close the unassisted breathing vent and the outlet from the flow generator.

Abstract: Medical equipment for the prophylaxis and treatment of the respiration system with a reduced oxygen content in the air being breathed in, and can be used for training of the respiration and blood circulation system in an outpatient environment, and to determine the power-informational effect on a patient's body.

Abstract: A server is configured to be communicatively linked with drug delivery devices used by a plurality of different subjects to receive aerosolized medicament as part of a therapy regime. The server provides a user with a user interface that enables the user to access therapy information related to the therapy of a plurality of different subjects. This may facilitate the monitoring of therapy received by the plurality of subjects.

Abstract: A respiratory treatment device comprising at least one chamber, a chamber inlet configured to receive exhaled air into the at least one chamber, at least one chamber outlet configured to permit exhaled air to exit the at least one chamber, and an exhalation flow path defined between the chamber inlet and the at least one chamber outlet. A restrictor member positioned in the exhalation flow path is moveable between a closed position, where a flow of exhaled air along the exhalation flow path is restricted, and an open position, where the flow of exhaled air along the exhalation flow path is less restricted. A vane in fluid communication with the exhalation flow path is operatively connected to the restrictor member and is configured to reciprocate between a first position and a second position in response to the flow of exhaled air along the exhalation flow path.

Abstract: A backspill prevention apparatus prevents water from a humidifier portion of a positive airway pressure (PAP) device from reaching a blower motor of a PAP device. The backspill prevention apparatus can include a variety of different devices, and is placed somewhere along an air passageway between a blower motor and a humidifier portion of a PAP device.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new technology that enables administration of Cannabis to patients for medical purposes. In one embodiment, this invention is a component of a system of technologies, processes and concepts that creates a new method of producing, delivering, administering and regulating the use of medical cannabis.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention provide drug products and dry powder inhalers and powder dispensers with multiple reservoirs. Several embodiments provide a drug product comprising a dry powder inhaler and at least one dose of at least one active pharmaceutical agent; wherein the dry powder inhaler comprises at least two reservoirs. Other embodiments provide for a powder dispenser which includes a first powder reservoir having at least one first opening, and a second powder reservoir having at least one second outlet opening, the second outlet opening being spaced from the first outlet opening.

Abstract: A cannula tip for insertion in a patient's nostril includes nostril- and cannula-ends, with a cannula-end that has a greater cross section than that of the nostril end. The cross section of the cannula tip may decrease from its cannula end to its nostril end linearly or non-linearly.

Abstract: A pump unit can achieve significant size reduction while maintaining the performance thereof. Micropumps are arranged in a lattice pattern with rows and columns, and a discharge port of at least a micropump arranged in the most downstream row is directly connected to an integrated discharge port. The pump unit further includes: a discharge direct-connection mechanism for connecting respective discharge ports of a plurality of micropumps in a middle row directly to the integrated discharge port; an intake direct-connection mechanism for connecting respective intake ports of the micropumps directly to a fluid to be supplied first; a series-connection mechanism for connecting a discharge port of a micropump in an upstream row directly to an intake port of a micropump in a downstream row; and a controller for controlling the discharge direct-connection mechanism, the intake direct-connection mechanism, and the series-connection mechanism.

Abstract: An adapter for use with a flow generator includes a conduit attachable to the outlet of the flow generator and an identifying element supported by the conduit and providing an identifying feature unique to a specific peripheral component attachable to the flow generator. The identifying feature is communicatable to the flow generator so that appropriate operating parameters of the flow generator may be automatically selected by the flow generator to coordinate with the specific peripheral component.

Abstract: The present application describes a previous mode button that allows a clinician to select any previously administered ventilation mode for a patient such that the previously input ventilation parameters for the selected ventilation mode will be used during ventilation. Upon receiving the selection of the previous mode button, a first stored previous mode and first ventilation parameters associated with the first stored previous mode are displayed. A determination is then made as to whether the displayed first stored previous mode is an appropriate mode. If the displayed first stored previous mode is an appropriate mode, ventilation is administered using the first stored previous mode and first ventilation parameters. If a determination is made that the first stored previous mode is not appropriate, a second stored previous mode is retrieved and displayed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compressed air control device for a CPAP device and to a corresponding CPAP system. The compressed air control device comprises: a pressure measuring device (101) for measuring a variation of the pressure (P10) in a hollow body (10) of the CPAP device (1) and for generating a corresponding pressure signal (102); a pressure variation evaluating device (103, 104) for evaluating the measured variation of the pressure (P10) according to at least one predetermined criterion and for generating a pressure modulation control signal (106) based on the result of the evaluation; and a pressure modulating device (110) for receiving a substantially constant compressed air stream (DS) and for outputting a modulated compressed air stream (DSM) to the CPAP device (1), which is configured in such a way that, in response to the pressure modulation control signal (106), it modulates the pressure of the compressed air stream (DSM) output to the CPAP device (1).

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems and methods for compensating for leakage when during delivery of gas from a medical ventilator in a proportional assist mode to a patient. The technology described herein includes systems and methods to compensate the delivery of PA ventilation for leakage in the patient circuit by using leak-compensated lung flows as well as leak-compensated respiratory mechanics parameters (lung compliance and lung resistance) estimated in a manner that compensates for elastic and inelastic leaks from the ventilation system.

Abstract: In a respiratory apparatus for treatment of sleep apnea and other disorders associated with an obstruction of a patient's airway and which uses an airflow signal, an obstruction index is generated which detects the flattening of the inspiratory portion of the airflow. The obstruction index is used to differentiate normal and obstructed breathing. The obstruction index is based upon different weighting factors applied to sections of the airflow signal thereby improving sensitivity to various types of respiration obstructions.

Abstract: A mask assembly includes nasal interface, e.g., in the form of a pair of nozzles, at least one joining portion provided to each side of the nasal interface, and a headgear coupled or otherwise provided to or extending from the joining portion, that is looped around the patient's ears. The joining portion is small and compact and may be readily affixed to an existing nasal arrangement, i.e., retrofitted. The joining portion and the headgear can be formed in separate components, or they can be formed as an integral or one-piece arrangement.

Abstract: A nasal interface and method for delivering continuous positive airway pressure in newborns and infants are provided herein using a universal fit nasal interface that is easily adapted and operated together with a generic nasal cannula.

Abstract: A user interface comprising a non-sealing nasal cannula and a mask arranged about the nasal cannula, the mask including a seal configured with a user's face to allow the interface to be pressurised, the cannula configured to deliver breathing gases to the nares of a user at a flow rate exceeding the intended user's peak inspiratory flow requirements so that the mask and the user's pharynx are flushed continuously with fresh breathing gases to reduce dead space.

Abstract: A respiration assist mask having an input gas feed tube, a ventilation interface, a facial interface and nasal inserts. The gas feed tube can connect to the ventilation interface and form a seal. The ventilation interface may be joined with the facial interface to form a seal between the ventilation interface and the facial interface, as well as between the facial interface and the face of a user. Additionally, nasal inserts may be inserted into a portion of the facial interface and form a seal between the inserts and the facial interface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system designed for the rapid preparation of anatomically customized mask employing data from a patient. The data may take the form of a multidimensional image of a target area of a patient's face obtained by optical 3 dimensional imaging, or a dot or line scan form laser imaging, pattern laser photography or stereo photography. Also disclosed is a mask that is designed so as to be unobtrusive and comfortable for the user. The body of the mask is made of a thin layer, so it is lightweight and closely hugs the targeted region upon which it rests (e.g. the nasal region). Methods for producing anatomically customized masks are also described.