Abstract: A collar for a concrete component lifting anchor including an attachment portion for attaching the collar to the lifting anchor, and an abutment portion adapted to provide a clutch abutment surface for limiting rotation of a clutch relative to the lifting anchor.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting a lateral portion of a manufactured building having a support beam, comprising a ground member for being received on a ground surface and a joist bracket attached to at least one joist in a lateral portion of the manufactured building. A pivotably attached joist tube disposed in a first position between the ground member and the joist bracket is longitudinally movable to a second position for bearing forcibly therebetween and thereby supporting the lateral portion of the manufactured building. A method of supporting a lateral portion of a manufactured building having a support beam is disclosed.

Abstract: Roof clamps and methods of securing roof clamps are provided. The roof clamps include a saddle, a wedge, and a securing member. The securing member facilitates engaging a seam of a roof with the clamp and removably fixing the roof clamp to the seam through the camming action of the wedge against a region of the saddle. The securing member also serves as the connection point for an auxiliary item, such as a solar panel or a snow guard. The placement of the securing member allows the roof clamp to be secured from, and the auxiliary item to be attached at, a top surface of the saddle.

Abstract: A cover plate system for a gap (15) between two structural members (10, 20) is provided. The system includes an elongated cover (30) that extends across the gap (15) from a first structural member (10) to a second, spaced-apart structural member (20). The cover plate system further includes damped spring anchors (40) for engaging the cover plate (30) to an underlying structural member (10) and dampers (50, 60) for absorbing energy imparted to the cover plate (30) by vehicular traffic. The cover plate system minimizes the strain energy that is absorbed by the cover plate (30), which results in less cover plate slapping and bouncing during operation.

Abstract: This loading bay comprises a hinged ramp to form a passage between the warehouse and the container of the truck, a lateral and upper shelter, a hinged platform, located at a level below the hinged ramp and associated with actuating means, movable frontal stops, assembled on the front end of the platform and that form contact means for the trailer or container of the truck when it is approaching the loading bay, means for detecting the position of the frontal stops that activate the luminous signal means to issue different luminous messages depending on the movement of the frontal stops and longitudinal movement means of the frontal stops to move them away from the container of the truck once it is stationary in the loading bay.

Abstract: It is an object to develop a roof structure having high water interception, being safe from rain leakage, and ensuring a certain level of mounting strength even in the case of a broken roof member. Solar cell modules are mounted on a roof structure with slate tiles via eaves-side mounting brackets and intermediate mounting brackets. The intermediate mounting brackets are attached to a “specific roof member” wherein a lower plate is positioned between the “specific roof member” and an “underlying roof member.” The lower plate is fixed by a screw driven into a hole. The “specific roof member” is arranged over the “underlying roof member”, thereby protecting an attaching hole from rainwater. An upper plate overlaps the “specific roof member” with a fastening element driven into the attaching hole. An “overlying roof member” is arranged over the “specific roof member,” thereby protecting the attaching hole from rainwater.

Abstract: A kit for assembling to produce a staircase, the kit comprising: a pair of star supports (12); a plurality of treads (16); a plurality of risers (18); a plurality of tread supports (14) for supporting treads when the staircase is assembled; and means defining the correct position of the plurality of tread supports on the stair supports to produce a staircase to a given specification.

Abstract: A structural support system for a bin structure. The structural support system comprises at least two parallel and spaced apart support columns. Each column has a plurality of inner column sections adjacent to the bin structure and a plurality of outer column sections coupled to the inner column sections. The inner and outer column sections form a closed shape support column configured for transferring vertical loads from an upper area of the bin structure to the foundation. An auxiliary device such as a catwalk or conveyor system may be attached to the top of the support columns. An anchor member may be provided, configured to allow limited movement of the auxiliary structure in relation to the support structure. Associated methods for strengthening the structural support of a bin structure are also provided.

Abstract: The architectonic spacer building system is a simplified prefabrication assembly using industrialised building system concept. The architectonic spacer building system for skeleton construction includes a spacer (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) having a predetermined shape for use in constructing modular form of building components, including a modular floor joist assembly (18), corner and crisscross junctions assembly (17, 19). The spacer acts as an anchored dowel connector (2, 10), composite key roof connector (22, 24, 26) and/or a bracing (2, 4, 6, 8) of adjoining wall panel (12).

Abstract: A spatial light steel frame concrete building and a method for constructing the same are provided. The building comprises: a wall spatial light steel frame; a floor slab spatial light steel frame connected to the wall spatial light steel frame to form a building unit spatial light steel frame; and concrete poured in the building unit spatial light steel frame. The wall spatial light steel frame and the floor slab spatial light steel frame each comprise a welded mesh reinforcement, and a plurality of trellis profile steels spaced apart from each other and each having a plurality of stretching holes. Each trellis profile steel comprises two wing edges parallel to each other and a plurality of web members between the wing edges which are integrally formed, the stretching holes are defined by the web members, and the web members and the stretching holes are formed by stretching the wing edges.

Abstract: A wall structure system may utilize precast concrete columns and panels. Each concrete column may be secured to an in-situ concrete footing by a threaded anchor bolt imbedded in the footing. The column may be positioned onto the footing so that the exposed threaded rod extends through a cylindrical opening in the bottom of the column. A washer and threaded nut may be installed on the threaded rod and secured through an access port in the side of the concrete column. Wall panels may be installed by sliding them into vertical slots in the columns, thereby concealing locations of the access ports.

Abstract: An improved lath and rain screen assembly for fastening to an exterior building surface or the like is provided. The lath and rain screen assembly comprises a rain screen configured to encourage ventilation and drying, and a lath configured to receive at least a portion of a first mortar layer. In various embodiments, the rain screen comprises a first and a second body, defining respective co-parallel first and second planes, while the lath comprises a third body spaced apart from and substantially parallel to at least the first plane. In certain embodiments, the first body and the lath are spaced apart so as to provide a first intermediate pathway. In certain embodiments, the first intermediate pathway is at least partially defined by the second body of the rain screen. A method of applying the improved lath and rain screen assembly is also provided.

Abstract: A floor tile system for protecting a substrate is described. The system includes two tiles or mats that interlock with one another along numerous axes to provide a tight, high-strength seam. Specifically, the tiles include teeth that interlock with teeth of the other tile in a side-by-side manner. The tiles also include male and female portions that interlock when the tile edges overlap with one another.

Abstract: A roof vent for ventilation of a roof, the roof vent adapted to be placed on the pitch of the roof, not the ridgeline. The roof vent has a flat or tabular floor and a base attached to the floor. The floor includes a throat member having vertical walls and the base has sloped back lower walls, and upper walls that are non-horizontal and slope back from the lower walls, and finally a horizontal top. The effect of the nonnormal lower walls and the sloped back upper walls, in conjunction with a typically rectangular flat (parallel to the floor) top provides an airfoil shape to the roof vent that assists in the flow of an over the roof vent.

Abstract: The wainscot wall panel system may comprise a plurality of panels which are mounted to a wall. The plurality of panels are mounted to the wall with a plurality of horizontal joints including but not limited to a bottom edge joint and a top edge joint and one or more intermediate or middle horizontal joints. Each of the joints are attached to the wall and used to mount the panel to the wall. In particular, the joints may have panels which mechanically receive the panels so that no adhesive or chemical attachment methods are necessary in order to mount the panels to the wall. This reduces the exposure of toxic chemicals to the occupants of the building and permits air to flow behind the panels, thereby mitigating the creation of mold.

Abstract: Disclosed are frame members and mullions for a window frame that comprise a reinforcing member that is surrounded by an outer plastic layer. The outer plastic layer is held securely to the reinforcing member as a result of a waist banding effect that comprises an inward force created by the outer plastic layer as it cools and contracts around the reinforcing member. In addition, lobes are formed in the reinforcing member that assist in holding the outer plastic layer to the reinforcing member. Window inserts can be removed and replaced using adapters and removable brackets. Frame members and mullions can be built sufficiently strong to provide structural support. The frame can also be used to hold photovoltaic cells and protective coverings for photovoltaic cells. Structural members are also disclosed that have reinforcing members with apertures, debossing, scarification and/or indentations that secure the thermoplastic layer to the reinforcing member.

Abstract: A locking device 21 for an anchor bar 2 of an anchor system of a concrete wall formwork has an annular sealing element 15 for sealing off an anchor penetration hole 13 in the formwork facing 7 and a threaded nut element 24 for threading the anchor bar 2 into a threaded nut thread of the threaded nut element. A tubular guiding device 45 is flush with the threaded nut thread of the threaded nut element 24 on the end of the threaded nut element 24 to be located at the concrete formwork side. The sealing element 15 has an elastic rubber inner sealing ring 46 and the free end 51 of the guiding device 45 to be located at the formwork element side is sealingly inserted with the inner sealing ring 46 into the sealing element 15.

Abstract: A boardwalk system including a first component having a pre-formed recess and a second component having a pre-formed recess. The system further includes a connector configured to be positioned in the recesses of the first and second components to connect the first and second components such that the connector limits the movement of first component away from the second component.

Abstract: An eco-friendly wall panel system may comprise a plurality of panels, horizontal joints and panel clips which are all fabricated from the same sheet of material. For example, the panels may initially be fabricated from the phenolic sheets. After the maximum quantity of panels has been fabricated from any one sheet, the remaining portion of the phenolic sheet may be used to fabricate the horizontal runners and the panel clips which may be smaller than the panels. As such, as much of the phenolic sheet is being used to fabricate the system. Hence, the process and the product are both eco-friendly.

Abstract: A wall panel system may comprise a plurality of panels which may be mounted to a wall. The panels have panel clips attached to the backside thereof. The wall has a plurality of horizontal joints attached thereto. The panel clips and the horizontal joints have tongues and grooves which allow the panel to be mounted to the wall. Preferably, the tongues are formed on the panel clips and point in the same direction. The grooves are formed on the horizontal joints and point in the opposite direction from the tongues. In this manner, the tongues can be inserted or hung into the grooves. The panels are locked in place by a plurality of horizontal caps which engage the horizontal joints and prevent the panel immediately below the horizontal caps from being removed.

Abstract: A suspended ceiling grid runner comprising separate parallel upper and lower chords, a plurality of identical web plates fixed between the chords and the plates having a height less than the height of the grid runner and a width, the chords being made of roll-formed sheet metal strips and symmetrical about a vertical plane, the chordal strips each having marginal sections folded parallel to one another and on opposite sides of the vertical plane, the web plates including vertical slots for receiving connectors of cross runners, the web plates being spaced at regular centers along the grid runner with a distance that is a small fraction of the nominal length of the grid runner, the gaps between adjacent web plates being longer than the height of the grid runner.

Abstract: A ceiling panel assembly for being secured to, and for concealing, a suspended inverted T-shaped, longitudinally extending main runner having a vertically disposed web, a horizontally disposed flange divided by the web to equal flange portions, and a protuberance at a terminal end of each of the flange portions, which comprises: a main section with a first and second lateral edge and visible panel sections and two support sections laterally extending in opposite directions, which are disposed above the main section. The two support sections releasably contact two adjacent and laterally spaced main runners, respectively, and one of the sections is adapted to multi-directionally stiffen a corresponding main runner.

Abstract: An anchoring system for cavity walls is disclosed. The system includes a stud-type wall anchor and a wire formative veneer tie. The stud has a driver head, a dual-diameter barrel, and a driven tip. A flange at the juncture of the two barrels houses an interior seal; and a flange under the driver head, an exterior seal. The smaller diameter barrel is coextensive with the drywall installation; and the length of the larger diameter barrel, with the rigid insulation. The interior seal seals the insertion point into the drywall installation; and the exterior seal, the opening of the anchor-receiving channel. The interior seal and the larger barrel of the anchor fill the anchor-receiving channel and stabilize the wall anchor. Also, the wall anchor is clamped in place by the seals. The stud-type anchor operates with a variety of veneer ties for different applications.

Abstract: One or more crack inhibitors can be installed to improve fatigue performance by producing stress states that prevent or inhibit crack initiation. Crack inhibitors can also prevent or retard crack growth. A mandrel can be used to radially expand the crack inhibitors to both induce compressive residual stresses and to form an interference fit between the crack inhibitor and a workpiece. The mandrel can be removed from the installed crack inhibitor, which is left in the workpiece to ensure proper stress states are maintained.

Abstract: An integral roof and gable edge assembly includes a metal or plastic sheet formed with positioning surfaces to facilitate slate tile installation by relatively unskilled roofers. The roof and gable assemblies include one or more hooks for holding one or more slate, ceramic or other similar roofing tiles in fixed position along the eaves and/or gables of a roof. A lift arm can be provided on the roof assemblies to replace cant strips and simplify tile installation. Tiles can be easily installed without nailing through the tiles.

Abstract: A removable flooring system includes modular floorboard panels having one or more latches, placed on longitudinal support structures having mating locking disks, so that the floorboard panels can be readily secured to the longitudinal support structure. In one embodiment, the floorboard panel comprises a top skin, a frame, and a bottom skin. Two latches may be located in the panel, where each latches comprise a latch handle, a moveable cam, and a board disk. The locking disk is affixed to the longitudinal support structure, and is designed to receive the board disk. The latch can be rotated so the cam readily engages and disengages with the locking disk. To use the system, a plurality of longitudinal support structures are placed in a plane, and a plurality of floorboard panels are placed over the longitudinal support structure, and affixed by rotating the cam in the latch.

Abstract: This invention offers a kind of magnetic material, which especially refers to wall tiles and floor tiles. This invention contains a building material(1) and at least a magnetic body(3). A magnetic body(3) is connected to the back side or inner part of a building material(1) to make a building material(1) magnetic; and above mentioned a magnetic body(3) can stick to metal sheet(2) and connect to the back of building material(1) to make the front side of building material(1) has large size magnetic effects. By the ways above mentioned, this invention can reach the effects easy to stick and take without ruining its surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to press-fitted decoration tiles installed as finishing materials on an indoor floor surface of a building, an apartment and/or a house is disclosed, wherein a coupling force among decoration tiles is excellent through mutually press-fitted plurality of decoration tiles to prevent the decoration tiles from being distanced and disengaged and to free from adhesive harmful to human body, the press-fitted decoration tiles including a groove unit formed at each one lengthwise marginal circumference and one cross-wise marginal circumference of the rectangular decoration tile, and a lug unit formed at each other lengthwise marginal circumference and other cross-wise marginal circumference of the rectangular decoration tile that face the each one lengthwise marginal circumference and one cross-wise marginal circumference of the rectangular decoration tile.

Abstract: A pool liner retaining system having a pool wall structure that includes a plurality of interlocking panels and methods of constructing a pool wall structure using such interlocking panels are disclosed.

Abstract: An improved deflection clip for connecting metal stud walls to a structural building member, which accommodates relative compensating vertical movement, is disclosed. Some embodiments of the present invention allow for the deflection mounting clip to be set into place by metal barbs, eliminating the need for screwing the stud to the ceiling track runner, then subsequently removing the screws when the wallboard is installed. A deflection clip in accordance with the present invention has a flat base with left and right flanges substantially perpendicular to the base. Each flange has a number of triangular barbs facing externally to secure the deflection clip to the track without the need for temporary fixation.

Abstract: This invention presents a modified reinforced concrete structure, which has a steel structure composed of a beam steel box unit, column steel box unit, and beam-column joint steel box unit with lap jointing reinforced steels. The side plate and/or end plate of the steel box has through holes for concrete flowing therebetween. In this way, the workability of concrete grouting and tamping are improved, and the phenomena of hive, segregation, or floating can be avoided. It can also enhance the performance of beam-column joints (e.g. with better confinement ability, etc.). Applying the invention, the efficiency and accuracy of constructing beam-column joints can be increased, and in addition to better ensure the structural safety, it can also reduce construction manpower and schedule.

Abstract: The Invention relates to Vision Panel Assembly for a twin sheet door/window and a method of installation. The vision panel assembly comprises of a frame, brackets, a vision panel and securing means for fastening the vision panel assembly. In one embodiment of the invention the vision panel is installed equidistant from either sheet of the twin sheet door/window. In a second embodiment the vision panel is installed to one side of the vision panel assembly to rest against the cutout in the Outside sheet of the twin sheet door/window. The method of installing the vision panel assembly comprises the steps of making cutouts of equal or unequal dimensions on both sheets of the door/window, fixing the frame members onto the inner surface of the sheets of the twin sheet door/window to form the frame and securing the vision panel into position in the frame with the help of brackets which are fastened into the frame using securing means.

Abstract: A bond beam rebar positioner including a center segment having an undulating form positioned between first and second legs, each of the legs including a first segment arranged perpendicular to a notional straight line longitudinally bisecting the curves of the center segment, a second segment perpendicular to the first segment, parallel to the straight line, and in a direction away from the center segment, and a third segment perpendicular to the second segment, coplanar with the second segment, and perpendicular to a common plane of the center, first and second segments.

Abstract: A fasting device that fastens a supporting member such as a foundation plate (42) to a connecting member such as a pillar (51) is composed of a bearing body (11), shock absorbing bodies (38), anchoring implements (55), etc. The bearing body (11) is disposed at the center of a space (S) where the supporting member and the connecting member face each other, and comprises a basic plate (12) which is in surface contact with the supporting member, a mounting plate (14) which is in surface contact with the connecting member, and connecting sections which connect both of these plates. The shock absorbing bodies (38) are formed using U-shaped leaf springs or the like, and are disposed at the outer edges of the space (S) where the supporting member and the connecting member face each other. Reaction forces are generated in the shock absorbing bodies (38) according to the displacement of the connecting member or the like.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a wind turbine (1) including at least one tower (2), at least one base foundation (3), at least one nacelle (10) and at least one propeller (4). The propeller via its rotation turns at least one essentially horizontal axel that drives at least one generator. The wind turbine's uniqueness comes from its tower (2), via at least one bearing (7), being pivotally arranged around an axis of rotation in the tower's (2) axial direction. The present invention also concerns a method for erecting the wind turbine's tower (2). Unique to the method for erecting the tower is that the tower is joined together by sections (11), comprised of at least one first mantle plate (12) and at least one second mantle plate (13), which are sequentially assembled at the erection site on the tower's lower end (6). When the mantle plates (12, 13) in a section (11) are joined together with each other, the section (11) is then united with previously joined sections (11) in the tower's lower end (6).

Abstract: A method for securing a building to a foundation provides hold-down units that perform double-duty by acting as a compressive load on a floor immediately therebelow due to the force of a seat or base portion thereof. Meanwhile, a flange portion of each hold-down device extends upward to fasten to the upright members in an upper floor applying tension thereto. Thus, an anchoring rod extending through multiple floors of the shear walls may reduce the number of total hold-down devices by an amount approaching half that otherwise required. Likewise, the number of more expensive, automatic, take-up devices used is reduced by approximately half.

Abstract: The invention relates to a set of panels, preferably of floor panels, consisting of a first panel and at least a second panel with, in each case, a top side and an underside, wherein the first panel comprises at an edge a first retaining profile with a hook directed towards the top side, the second panel comprises at an edge a second retaining profile with a hook directed towards the underside, the first retaining profile and the second retaining profile can be connected by a relative movement directed perpendicular to a plane of laying, and wherein a separate clip is provided, which comprises a clip head, a clip body and a clip base. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for inserting the clip into a retaining profile.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments relate to improved spacers for insulated glass units. Certain example embodiments relate to corrugated spacers that extend around a periphery of an IG unit. In certain example embodiments, the spacer includes at least one structured concave cavity. When positioned in conjunction with a substrate, the cavity may be filled with a sealant. In certain example embodiments, the sealant may be a thermoplastic sealant. In certain example embodiments, another cavity may be provided that may accept a structural sealant. In certain example embodiments, the thickness of the corrugated faces of a spacer may be less than the thickness of the shoulders of spacer.

Abstract: A decking member can have a plurality of panels each with first and second side supports. The plurality of panels can each have a plurality of slots and optional hooks. A shelving system has a frame and at least one decking member.

Abstract: A flat roof support structure includes a plurality of vertical columns, an elongated generally horizontally oriented beam associated with and positioned atop each vertical column, and attachment structure fixing the upper end of each vertical column to a mounting area of the associated elongated beam. The attachment structure includes U-shaped attachment members affixed to opposed sides of the vertical columns at the upper end of each column with the attachment members opening in an outwardly directed orientation parallel to the associated elongated beam. A pair of attachment plates is fixed to opposed sides of each elongated beam in the mounting area. The attachment plates extend downwardly below a lower surface of the elongated beam a distance equal to a portion of the U-shaped attachment members so as to overlap the portion. Attachment devices fix the attachment plates to the U-shaped attachment members and are assembled on-site.

Abstract: A machine for filling bottles with solid forms of pharmaceutical products is provided with a plurality of discharge ducts, each of which feeds a plurality of the solid forms from a containing tank into a corresponding bottle and cooperates with a deviating device, which is movable between a first operating position, in which the deviating device is arranged so as to allow the solid forms to be fed along the discharge duct and into the bottle, and a second operating position, in which the deviating device is arranged so as to prevent the solid forms from being fed along the discharge duct and into the bottle.

Abstract: A system having a sealed container capable of storing an oxygen-degradable product and an air control device attached to the container, where the air control device includes an activation device; at least one air control valve to allow air to flow out of the container, at least one pressure relief valve, an at least one air flow device comprising a vacuum pump, at least one filtration device and at least one controller and where the air control device is designed to securely attach to the container.

Abstract: A medicine dispensing apparatus fills a vial having a polygonal cross-sectional shape with medicines to dispense the medicines. The apparatus contains a stocker, a first vial transporting unit, a vial orienting unit, a labeling unit, a second vial transporting unit, a medicine filling unit, and a vial discharging window. The stocker stores the vial. The first vial transporting unit transports the vial from the stocker to the labeling unit. The vial orienting unit adjusts an orientation of the vial. The labeling unit labels the vial. The second vial transporting unit transports the vial from the labeling unit to the medicine filling unit. The medicine filling unit fills the vial with the medicines. The second vial transporting unit further transports the vial from the medicine filling unit to the vial discharging window, where the vial is discharged through the vial discharging window.

Abstract: A universal container capper/decapper includes a capper/decapper assembly, and an axial actuator. The capper/decapper assembly comprises a capper/decapper housing, and at least one gripper arm. The capper/decapper housing has an axis of rotation. Each gripper arm has a driven end, a gripper end, and a knee portion intermediate the driven end and the gripper end. Each gripper arm is pivotally coupled to the housing proximate the knee portion. The axial actuator is coupled to each driven end and is configured to drive each gripper end in a radial direction relative to the axis of rotation by rotating each gripper arm about the respective knee portion relative to the housing.

Abstract: A slot gripper for removing twistlocks from container fittings or for inserting twistlocks into container fittings, comprising a twistlock receptacle, arranged in a receptacle plate and a tool that locks and unlocks twistlocks arranged in the twistlock receptacle by rotating, is characterized by two clamping jaws extending in the receptacle parallel to the receptacle plate and arranged opposite each other. A first pin extends from the receptacle plate at a right angle at the edge of the receptacle, a second pin is arranged on side of the first pin opposite the receptacle and extends from the receptacle plate at a right angle, and a rope guiding element extends from the receptacle plate at a right angle at the edge of the receptacle. The first pin, the second pin, and the rope guiding element are each supported against the force of a spring and can be lowered in the receptacle plate.

Abstract: A flexible supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof are provided. The flexible supercapacitor includes a polymer-based solid electrolyte layer, two active layers respectively disposed on opposite surfaces of the polymer-based solid electrolyte layer, and two electron conducting layers disposed on outer exposed surfaces of the two active layers.

Abstract: A flexible, portable, storable, tamper-evident, containment device comprising a substrate, a transparent laminate, and a liner is used to identify, preserve, and protect medications, specimens, samples, small parts, and other objects. The laminate is bound or fixed to a side of the substrate and extends beyond the substrate. The portion of the laminate that extends beyond the substrate is removably secured to a liner with an adhesive that remains on the laminate when the liner is removed. After the liner is removed, the laminate is folded over the substrate and secured to the substrate by the adhesive that remains on the laminate.

Abstract: The present application relates generally to an apparatus to be used as a saddle pad for laying on the back of a riding or pack animal to reduce pressure point, irritation, and injury. More particularly, the present application relates to a saddle pad that has self-adjusting features that can compensate for wide variances in the contours of an animal's back as well as various saddle configurations, and thus, can reduce the discomfort an animal that is associated with a saddle or weight load. The self-adjusting features are provided by at least one protective packet configured to be removably placed within at least one interior pocket of the saddle pad.

Abstract: Various high performance, high efficiency filter media are provided that are cost effective and easy to manufacture. In particular, various filter media are provided having at least one layer with a waved configuration that results in an increased surface area, thereby enhancing various properties of the filter media. The filter media can be used to form a variety of filter elements for use in various applications.

Abstract: Structures containing a fiber mat inserted into a high modulus scrim of minimum basis weight 35 gsm. The structures have reduced tensile elongation at 50 N per 5 cm fabric strip in MD under ISO 9073-3 standard norm. The structure has a basis weight of at least 9 ounces per square yard (305 grams per square meter). The structure also has heat resistance of at least 150° to 190° C., preferably over 200 up to 260° C. to for service under typical hot flue gas filtration conditions. Filter bags made from these structures provide a controlled dimensional stability over their entire filter life time. In addition such stable structures are suitable for lamination with fragile membranes especially e-PTFE membranes where minimum amount of mechanical damage to the membrane occurs.