Abstract: An apparatus used to calibrate microtiter plate readers. The apparatus includes one or more structures having two exterior surfaces wherein one of the exterior surfaces is coated with a coating selected to establish on that surface a reflection loss that mimics reflection loss at an air-liquid interface, and the other of the two exterior surfaces is coated with a coating selected to establish a reflection loss on that surface that mimics the reflection loss at a bottom surface of a microtiter plate. The apparatus may be a single layer, a multi-layered composition or a container. The apparatus is an artifact that may be used to calibrate a plate reader by mimicking a solution-filled microtiter plate. The artifact may be used for a plurality of liquids, including water. The artifact produces reflection losses more closely mirroring reflection losses expected for a liquid-filled microtiter plate well.

Abstract: A spectroscopic module 1 is provided with a spectroscopic unit 8 and a photodetector 9 in addition to a spectroscopic unit 7 and a photodetector 4 and thus can enhance its detection sensitivity for light in a wide wavelength range or different wavelength regions of light. A light-transmitting hole 4b is disposed between light detecting portions 4a, 9a, while a reflection unit 6 is provided so as to oppose a region R in a light-absorbing substrate 2, whereby the size can be kept from becoming larger. Ambient light La is absorbed by the region R in the substrate 2. Any part of the light La transmitted through the region R in the substrate 2 is reflected to the region R by the unit 6 formed so as to oppose the region R, whereby stray light can be inhibited from being caused by the incidence of the light La.

Abstract: A device for distributing illumination light and detected light in a microscope includes a distributor optic configured to guide illumination light onto a sample and guide detected light proceeding from the sample onto a detector. The distributor optic includes a polarization unit disposed in a first light path and configured to convert the illumination light directed onto the sample into a first polarization state, a beam splitter disposed in the first light path and having the polarization dependence so as to guide the converted illumination light onto the sample, a first portion of the detected light back into the first light path, and a second portion of the detected light into a second light path separated from the first light path. A beam combiner is configured to combine the first portion and the second portion of the detected light and guide the first portion and second portion onto the detector.

Abstract: A variable wavelength interference filter includes a first substrate having a fixed mirror, a second substrate bonded to the first substrate and having a movable portion and a movable mirror fixed to the movable portion, a third substrate bonded to the second substrate on the side opposite to the first substrate, and an electrostatic actuator which displaces the movable portion in a substrate thickness direction, wherein a penetration hole connecting a light exiting-side space between the first substrate and the second substrate and a light incident-side space between the second substrate and the third substrate to a space outside the filter is formed, and the penetration hole is sealed with a sealant which tightly closes each space in a reduced-pressure state.

Abstract: A high passband transmission ratio is obtained by splitting a light beam from an objective lens into two orthogonally-polarized components processed along distinct paths through two independently controllable liquid crystal tunable filters (LCTFs). The filtered portions may be combined at an imaging plane or may be separately processed without recombining. Using two LCTFs, the arrangements discussed herein may ideally achieve 100% transmission in a single passband when two orthogonal components of a single wavelength are tuned, or 50% transmission at two distinct passbands when two orthogonal components from two different wavelengths (one component from each wavelength) are tuned. The dual polarization configuration described herein may be used to improve contrast or detected signal intensity in various microscopy and spectroscopic/chemical imaging applications and to increase the speed of detection.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus including a light irradiation portion configured to irradiate light onto a sample flowing through a flow path in a detachable chip; a light detection portion configured to detect optical information emitted from the sample when irradiated with the light by the light irradiation portion; and a judgment portion configured to judge an exchange period of the chip based on the optical information detected by the light detection portion.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a system using optical reflectometry comprises: receiving a first optical response signal coming from the system in response to a first optical excitation signal, said first excitation signal carrying a first numeric sequence (A), receiving a second optical response signal coming from the system in response to a second optical excitation signal, said second excitation signal carrying a second numeric sequence (1A, B), and determining correlations between said optical response signals and said numeric sequences in order to detect a singularity of the system. The first and second excitation signals are transmitted simultaneously within the optical system on separate carrier wavelengths ?0, ?1) by wavelength division multiplexing, and the first and second response signals are received simultaneously on said separate carrier wavelengths.

Abstract: An apparatus for interrogating wavelength-specific devices has a broadband optical source to illuminate an interferometer which provides a low coherence temporal interferogram. At least one array of wavelength-specific devices, such as fiber Bragg gratings connected in series with one another, receives the interferogram, so that each device interacts with a limited range of wavelength bandwidth relative to the bandwidth of the broadband optical source. Instead of illuminating an interferometer with the output of an array of devices which have each interacted with a broadband light source at their own characteristic wavelengths, therefore, an interferometer is used to modulate the output from a broadband source to produce a low coherence interferogram. The array of devices then extracts or filters a higher coherence interferogram from this low coherence interferogram.

Abstract: Optical apparatus includes a beam source, which is configured to generate an optical beam having a pattern imposed thereon. A projection lens is configured to receive and project the optical beam so as to cast the pattern onto a first area in space having a first angular extent. A field multiplier is interposed between the projection lens and the first area and is configured to expand the projected optical beam so as to cast the pattern onto a second area in space having a second angular extent that is at least 50% greater than the first angular extent.

Abstract: An information acquiring device has a light source which emits light in a predetermined wavelength band; a projection optical system which projects the light toward a target area; and a light receiving element which receives reflected light reflected on the target area for outputting a signal. First signal value information relating to a value of a signal outputted from the light receiving element during a period when the light is emitted from the light source, and second signal value information relating to a value of a signal outputted from the light receiving element during a period when the light is not emitted from the light source are stored in a storage. An information acquiring section acquires three-dimensional information of an object in the target area, based on a subtraction result obtained by subtracting the second signal value information from the first signal value information stored in the storage.

Abstract: An optical characteristic measuring apparatus includes a light source, a detector and a data processing unit. Data processing unit includes a modeling unit, an analyzing unit and a fitting unit. The plurality of film model equations are solved, and prescribed calculation is performed on the assumption that the optical constants included in the plurality of film model equations is identical. Fitting is performed between a waveform obtained by substituting the obtained film thickness and the obtained optical constants of the film into the film model equations and a waveform of the wavelength distribution characteristic obtained by detector, thereby determining that the optical constants included in the plurality of film model equations is identical and that the film thickness and the optical constants obtained by the analyzing unit are correct values.

Abstract: A system and method according to which the color performance of a digital color print job is monitored or otherwise managed during the production run of the digital color print job.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first light source that emits light when color print is specified; a first deflection unit that deflects the light emitted from the first light source; a first driving unit that drives the first deflection unit; a second light source that emits light when color print is specified and when monochrome print is specified; a second deflection unit that deflects the light emitted from the second light source; a second driving unit that drives the second deflection unit; a control unit that, when a image data receiving unit receives first image data and information specifying that the first image data is to be printed in monochrome and receives second image data and information specifying that the second image data is to be printed in color, causes the first driving unit to operate while a monochrome image corresponding to the first image data is being formed.

Abstract: A printing system of the present invention includes: a generating unit which performs a rasterizing process to print data while performing a color conversion process by applying a multi-dimensional lookup table for calibration, which is for matching a color of the image to be printed by a printing unit by combining base colors to a target color and for keeping the color of the image consistent, to generate image data; a storage unit which stores the image data; a calibration unit which applies a first one-dimensional lookup table for calibration to calibrate the color information of the image data at a first round of printing the image, and applies a second one-dimensional lookup table for calibration newer than the first one-dimensional lookup table for calibration to calibrate the color information of the image data at a second round of newly printing the image.

Abstract: A novel print controlling apparatus that facilitates providing easy services that use printer drivers. The print controlling apparatus that executes a print job on a printing apparatus, and includes an additional feature driver 130 that acquires image to be printed and print settings set by a user by working as a printer driver and generates a print data in a format with open specifications by processing the acquired image, an individual driver 150 as a printer driver that generates a print job to be sent to a printer 2 designated in the print settings, and a reprint controlling unit 140 that has the individual driver 150 generate the print job based on the generated print data.

Abstract: The invention discloses a printer with a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, and its driver installing method and system, wherein the printer with the USB interface includes a USB interface and a printing mechanism and further includes: a controller, and a first memory connected with the controller and storing a driver of the printer, wherein the first memory further stores a device identification, wherein the type of the device identification includes a memory device identification and a printing device identification. By using the invention, a driver of a USB device can be installed conveniently.

Abstract: In an information processing apparatus for forming print data which can be interpreted by a printing apparatus in accordance with document data formed by an application in order to enable the user to easily set the switching between a printer and a mail box as destinations, a user interface which can set either a mail box mode to accumulate the print data into the printing apparatus without printing it or a printer output mode to sequentially print the print data received by the printing apparatus is provided.

Abstract: A hinge apparatus for a cover of an image forming apparatus has a hinge body with supporting brackets, movably inserted into a coupling hole positioned in a main body of the image forming apparatus, a hinge cam connected to the cover and pivotably connected to the supporting brackets, and a pressure device disposed at the hinge body to press the hinge cam. Accordingly, the hinge apparatus can be implemented with a simple and easy assembly operation, since it is not a complicated structural connection among the component parts of the hinge apparatus.

Abstract: A communication system includes a transmitter and receiver. The transmitter includes a detector configured to detect an error amount of an edge position of a pulse signal caused by sampling; and a multiplexer configured to include a value indicating the detected error amount in a multiplexed signal. The receiver includes a demultiplexer configured to demultiplex the multiplexed signal and output a value indicating an amplitude of the pulse signal and the value indicating the error amount of the pulse signal; and a corrector configured to correct an edge position of the pulse signal using the error amount of the pulse signal, where the edge position is obtained from the value indicating the amplitude of the pulse signal output from the demultiplexer.

Abstract: An image processing device analyzes a drawing command read from a memory and performs a halftone processing function to image data. In the image processing device, a drawing command analysis unit analyzes a drawing command, a full set of drawing commands is registered in a drawing command table, and an error processing command is stored in an error processing command storing unit. When the drawing command analysis unit detects a command error indicating that a drawing command read from the memory is not registered in the drawing command table, an error processing executing unit executes the error processing command stored in the error processing command storing unit and performs an error processing function.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a request-frequency calculating unit, an acceptable-frequency calculating unit, and acceptance/rejection determining unit. The request-frequency calculating unit calculates a request frequency corresponding to a processing request relating to image formation with reference to any one of multiple pieces of frequency information, which is broken down by process category of an image forming process and stored in a predetermined storage unit, selectively. The acceptable-frequency calculating unit calculates an acceptable frequency corresponding to the processing request from acceptable-processing-amount information stored in a predetermined storage unit. The acceptance/rejection determining unit determines whether or not to accept the processing request by comparing the request frequency with the acceptable frequency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data, such as class 1, 2, or 3 facsimile image data streams, over Internet Global Area Networks. In one embodiment of the invention related to the transmission of facsimile data, a first device converts local facsimile image data streams into electronic data streams, transmits the data stream over the network, to a second device at the remote facsimile machine which reconverts the electronic data to facsimile image data and prints it out on said remote facsimile machine.

Abstract: A mobile communication device includes a wireless transceiver to provide voice communications and a particulate sensor that indicates the amount of particulates detected by the sensor. Control logic in the mobile communication device causes data indicative of the sensor signal to be transmitted through a wireless transceiver. A printer is also disclosed that includes a particulate sensor to monitor air quality at the printer.

Abstract: In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, a method, product, apparatus and system is disclosed. The method includes coupling a print device to a printer, wherein the print device comprises a memory arranged to store information including a printer driver associated with the printer; coupling a mobile device to the print device; receiving a document stored on the mobile device; converting the document to a format suitable to be printed by the printer using the print driver; and transmitting, by a transmitter, the document to the printer.

Abstract: A method for printing device discovery includes, with a server system on a network, sending out a broadcast request to determine network addresses for printing devices on the network, interrogating the printing devices to determine characteristics of the printing devices, categorizing the printing devices based on the characteristics, and providing a list of classified printing devices to a client device on the network in response to a request from the client device.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for generating and updating locked print data. An apparatus receives from a first device, document identification data that identifies an electronic document to be printed. In response to receiving the document identification data that identifies an electronic document to be printed, a print preview and a release code for the electronic document are generated. The apparatus sends the print preview and the release code to the first device. The apparatus receives, from a printing device, the release code and print criteria that indicate one or more portions of the electronic document to be printed. The one or more portions of the electronic document comprise less than the entire electronic document. In response to receiving the release code and the print criteria from the printing device, the apparatus provides, to the printing device, print data that includes the one or more portions of the electronic document.

Abstract: A print preview is displayed for a printer on a network. A selection of a document to be printed by the printer is accepted, and a request for the selected document is sent from the printer to a remote print preview service. There is a determination of whether the printer supports a native print preview function capable of displaying a visually acceptable print preview on a display unit of the printer. If the printer supports such a native print preview function, the printer requests the remote print preview service to generate a native print preview compatible with the capabilities of the printer and to transmit the generated native print preview to the printer. If the printer does not support such a native print preview function, the printer requests the remote print preview service to generate a print preview for an alternate display device, and to transmit the generated print preview to the alternate display device.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for processing a file having a plurality of pages for printing by: for each page in the file, determining whether to perform a trapping function on that page; and distributing the pages in the file among a plurality of parallel raster image processors based on the determination for each page of whether to perform the trapping function.

Abstract: There is provided a facsimile apparatus which includes a scanning section, an operating section which inputs a facsimile number, a first communication section which is connected to a communication line, a first communication control section which controls the first communication section, a first storage section in which information of the remote apparatus has been stored, a first judgment section which judges whether or not information of the remote apparatus corresponding to a first facsimile number is stored in the first storage section, a re-input section which inputs a second facsimile number when the information of the remote apparatus is stored in the first storage section. When the first judging section judges that the information of the remote apparatus is stored in the first storage section, or when the first facsimile number and the second facsimile number are same, the facsimile apparatus transmits facsimile data to the remote apparatus.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus, which stores attribute data of a job executed by an image processing apparatus, and reference information of image data associated with the job in a storage device as a job log, saves image data corresponding to reference information in the storage device as cached data. Then, the apparatus acquires image data corresponding to reference information included in a job log from the cached data in the storage device, and outputs a job log appended with the acquired image data to an external system.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a storage unit that stores a plurality of print jobs, a job reception unit that receives a print job selected from the plurality of print jobs stored in the storage unit, an operation-type reception unit that receives an operation type of the print job when the selection of the print job is received, and a selection unit that automatically selects the print job as an operational target from the plurality of print jobs based on the operation type received by the operation-type reception unit.

Abstract: A network scanner, communication protocols, and client and server programs and are provided which provide an improved way to transmit legally binding documents, obviating the need for outmoded, legacy fax transmissions. Using the network scanner, a document may be scanned and transferred directly into any shared folder inbox residing on any computer attached to the Internet. Enhanced server systems and network communications and messaging protocols are provided that are more practical to use than email for sending documents such as executed legal documents or other documents requiring robust integrity and authenticatability. Similarly, the inventive network scanner, server systems and communication protocols provide improved ways to perform large file transfers and to manage bandwidth to minimize problems associated with uploading/downloading large files as attachments to/from email servers and for enabling user control over VoIP quality during file transmission sessions.

Abstract: The invention discloses a scanning-printing integrated machine for lottery ticket printing and cashing, comprising a first passage connected with an external paper inlet, a second passage connected with a paper house, a third passage connected with a paper outlet, and a control device, wherein a paper outlet of the first passage and a paper outlet of the second passage meet together at the third passage, at least one pair of delivery rollers is arranged in the first passage, a first printing mechanism and a paper cutting mechanism are arranged in the second passage, a scanning mechanism and a second printing mechanism for printing mark information on a medium are in sequence arranged in the third passage, wherein the control device judges the validity of the medium according to medium images collected by the scanning mechanism, and controls the printing operation of the second printing mechanism according to the judgment result.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a main storage unit; an auxiliary storage unit; a file system configured to manage a file stored in the auxiliary storage unit; and an input-output processing unit configured to use an area in the main storage unit to perform file access to a file in the file system. The area is in a storage area that is not managed by an operating system and the area is specified with a physical address in an instruction from a user process.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that forms an image on a recording medium by performing recording (N) times (N is an integer of 3 or more) in a same region on the recording medium, the image forming apparatus includes a recording data generation unit configured to generate recoding data corresponding to each of the recording and a halftone processing unit configured to convert the recording data into halftone image data by a dither method using a matrix of a dot dispersion type, wherein the halftone processing unit generates the halftone image data of the (k)th time in such a manner that dispersibility of a dot pattern is improved in which each of the halftone image data corresponding to recording performed up to (k)th (2?p?N?1) time is accumulated in the same region.

Abstract: There is provided an image processing apparatus which can suppress degradation of an image quality in a recording material save mode processing and obtain an effect of consumption amount reduction of recording material desired by a user at low costs. A recording material consumption amount at the time of applying first color conversion processing unit is predicted corresponding to inputted image data. The setting of a second color conversion processing is changed from a prediction value and a target value of the recording material consumption amount.

Abstract: A scanner drive system is disclosed. The scanner drive system has a drive motor. The drive motor has a worm gear attached to the motor spindle. The worm gear has multiple leads. The worm gear is meshed with a helical gear. The helical gear is coupled to a drive train that moves a scanning module.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data, such as class 1, 2, or 3 facsimile image data streams, over Internet Global Area Networks. In one embodiment of the invention related to the transmission of facsimile data, a first device converts local facsimile image data streams into electronic data streams, transmits the data stream over the network, to a second device at the remote facsimile machine which reconverts the electronic data to facsimile image data and prints it out on said remote facsimile machine.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a scanning device, a scanning method, and a computer-readable medium capable of easily performing display of a scanner on a computer of a user and display for starting scanning operation. A scanning device include a controller for displaying a phantom folder corresponding to a usable scanner on a display unit only when the scanner can be used, and for starting scanning operation by the scanner when the phantom folder is selected, a receiver receiving scan data from the scanner, and a storage storing the scan data received.

Abstract: An image sensor unit includes a reflection reading light source that illuminates a bill, a substrate on which the reflection reading light source is mounted, a reflection reading light guide that guides the light emitted by the reflection reading light source to the bill, a rod-lens array that focuses the light from the bill, a light receiving element that receives the light from the rod-lens array, a sensor substrate on which the light receiving element is mounted, and a frame that houses the substrate, the reflection reading light guide, the rod-lens array and the sensor substrate. The sensor substrate has a passage hole and is disposed closer to the bill than the substrate. The frame is disposed with the reflection reading light guide inserted into the passage hole, so that the light from the reflection reading light source reaches the bill through the passage hole.

Abstract: An image sensor unit includes a reflection reading light guide that emits light from a reflection reading light source toward the bill, a transmission reading light guide that emits light from a transmission reading light source toward the bill, an imaging element that focuses light from the bill, and a light receiving element that receives light that is collected by the imaging element. The transmission reading light source and the transmission reading light guide are disposed on the opposite side of a conveyance path through which the bill can pass, for the reflection reading light source and the reflection reading light guide, and a light blocking member that blocks a part of the light from the reflection reading light guide is disposed between the reflection reading light guide and the transmission reading light guide.

Abstract: An image sensor unit has a light emitting module and a light guide that guides light emitted by the light emitting module to a bill, the light guide has an incident surface on which the light emitted by the light emitting module is incident, a reflection surface that reflects the light having entered the light guide through the incident surface, and an emission surface from which the light reflected by the reflection surface is emitted toward the bill, and the reflection surface is formed by a plurality of contiguous flat surfaces.

Abstract: An erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes: first and second lens array plates; first, second and intermediate light shielding member. The first, second and intermediate light shielding member are halved by a splitting plane parallel with the main scanning direction. One of the first light shielding member pieces, one of the second light shielding member pieces, and one of the intermediate light shielding member pieces produced by halving the members are integrated to form a first holder piece. The other of the first light shielding member pieces, the other of the second light shielding member pieces, and the other of the intermediate light shielding member pieces produced by halving the members are integrated to form a second holder piece. The erecting equal-magnification lens array plate is assembled by sandwiching the first lens array plate and the second lens array plate by the first holder piece and the second holder piece.

Abstract: A method for recording a volume transmission hologram having multiplexed diffraction fringe patterns that can cooperate to display polychromatic images and can be recorded with a single wavelength exposure source.

Abstract: Provided is a wavelength selective switch which includes: at least one input port; a dispersive portion for dispersing wavelength-multiplexed light input from the input port into wavelength-demultiplexed lights; a condenser element for condensing the wavelength-demultiplexed lights dispersed by the dispersive portion; a deflection portion having deflection elements for deflecting, for each wavelength-demultiplexed light condensed by the condenser element; at least one output port for outputting the wavelength-demultiplexed lights deflected by the deflection portion. A light-condensing position shift compensating element is disposed in an optical path between the input port and the dispersive portion or in the dispersive portion, for compensating light-condensing position shift of the wavelength-demultiplexed lights relative to the deflection element, light-condensing position shift being generated based on the arrangement of the input ports.

Abstract: Provided is a display device, including: a pair of light transmissive substrates disposed to be opposed to each other at an interval; a sealing member which bonds the pair of light transmissive substrates together and defines an encapsulation space between the pair of light transmissive substrates; a plurality of shutters disposed in the encapsulation space so as to optically display an image; liquid having optical isotropy filled in the encapsulation space; and an optical film disposed between the liquid and at least one of the pair of light transmissive substrates. A refractive index of the optical film is different from a refractive index of the pair of light transmissive substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various embodiments related to luminescence-based reflective display pixels. In one embodiment, among others, a luminescent-based pixel includes a luminescent layer including luminophores distributed in a matrix. The luminescent layer is configured to receive light from an ambient environment through a first side of the luminescent layer and has an index of refraction that is higher than an index of refraction of the ambient environment. The luminescent-based pixel includes a mirror disposed on a second side of the luminescent layer that is opposite the first side of the luminescent layer. The luminescent-based pixel also includes a diffusive surface to randomize the direction of incident light.

Abstract: An optical device that includes a wavelength-sensitive optical component, which has an associated thermal time constant, is described. Note that an operating wavelength of the wavelength-sensitive optical component is a function of several physical parameters including temperature. Moreover, the optical device includes a heating mechanism that provides heat to the wavelength-sensitive optical component. Furthermore, the optical device includes a driver circuit that provides a pulse-width modulated signal to the heating mechanism. Note that an average pulse-width modulated heat provided by the heating mechanism, and which corresponds to the pulse-width modulated signal, thermally tunes the wavelength-sensitive optical component to a target operating wavelength. Additionally, note that the target operating wavelength corresponds to a target operating temperature of the wavelength-sensitive optical component.

Abstract: A display apparatus may include a first substrate having one or more unit pixel regions defined and including a driving thin film transistor, a second substrate disposed on the first substrate and facing the first substrate, and a color absorbing layer disposed on the first substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical element including a first electrode and a second electrode disposed to face each other; an insulating film covering a surface of the first electrode facing the second electrode, the insulating film including a dielectric layer, an ion barrier layer, and a water repellent layer laminated in order; and a polar liquid and a non-polar liquid enclosed between the insulating film and the second electrode and having refractive indices different from each other. The dielectric layer has a larger permittivity than that of the ion barrier layer, the ion barrier layer suppresses permeation of an ion contained in the polar liquid, and the water repellent layer is located in an uppermost layer of the insulating film and exhibits an affinity for the non-polar liquid.