Abstract: A transimpedance amplifier includes a first MOS transistor, a current mirror circuit, a second MOS transistor, a load and a first feed back resistor. The first MOS transistor has a gate terminal to which a photodiode is connected. An output current of the first MOS transistor is input to the current mirror. The second MOS transistor has a gate terminal to which a voltage of an output terminal of the current mirror circuit is input. A source of the second MOS transistor is grounded. A polarity of the second MOS transistor is same as a polarity of the first MOS transistor. A first feedback resistor is connected between the gate terminal of the first MOS transistor and a drain terminal of the second MOS transistor. The second MOS transistor outputs a voltage corresponding to the voltage of the output terminal from the drain terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a matrix distributed amplifier (DA) having an input transmission line, an intermediate transmission line, and an output transmission line. A first plurality of amplifiers has inputs coupled to and spaced along the input transmission line and has outputs coupled to and spaced along the intermediate transmission line. A second plurality of amplifiers has inputs coupled to and spaced along the intermediate transmission line and has outputs coupled to and spaced along the output transmission line. A termination amplifier has an input coupled to the input transmission line and an output coupled to the intermediate transmission line. In at least one embodiment, a second termination amplifier has an input coupled to the intermediate transmission line and an output coupled to the output transmission line.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Class-AB/B amplifier comprising a first output stage including a first plurality of amplification devices and a second output stage including a second plurality of amplification devices. According to one embodiment, the first output stage operates when the Class-AB/B amplifier is in a quiescent state and the second output stage operates when the Class-AB/B amplifier is in an active state. The Class-AB/B amplifier also comprises a level shifting circuit that adjusts a control voltage of the second output stage, where the level shifting circuit is adapted to activate the second output stage when the Class-AB/B amplifier enters the active state. Embodiments of the Class-AB/B amplifier may include a level shifting circuit that implements either a fixed or signal-dependent level shift, and a quiescent control circuit that substantially eliminates any systematic offset arising from the active feedback circuit inside the replica bias circuit.

Abstract: A dual band amplifier is provided comprising a first matching circuit disposed in a first radiofrequency path between an input port and a first amplifier and a second matching circuit disposed in a second radiofrequency path between the input port and a second amplifier. The first matching circuit transforms a first input impedance of the first amplifier to a predetermined input port impedance when the radiofrequency signal is in a first frequency range and transmits the first input impedance to the input port when the radiofrequency signal is in the second frequency range. The second matching circuit transforms the second input impedance to the input port impedance when the input signal is in the second frequency range and transmits the second input impedance to the input port when the radiofrequency signal is in the first frequency range.

Abstract: A power off delay circuit includes a switch connected between an external power input terminal and an internal power supply terminal, a capacitor connected to the internal power supply terminal, and a hysteresis comparator to switch the switch according to the voltages of the external power input terminal and the internal power supply terminal. During on-time of the switch, the external power input terminal is connected to the internal power supply terminal and the capacitor can be charged by the external power source. When the switch is off, the capacitor provides electric power for an internal circuit. Application of the power off delay circuit to an audio system may eliminate the turn-off pops of the audio system.

Abstract: There are provided a surface-mounted crystal oscillator and a manufacturing method thereof which can realize miniaturization, improve quality, reduce a manufacturing cost, and enhance productivity. According to the surface-mounted crystal oscillator and the manufacturing method thereof, through terminals and of AgPd are formed on wall surfaces of through holes formed at corner portions of a rectangular ceramic substrate, a metal electrode of a support electrode lower portion of AgPd which is connected to the through terminal and forms a lower layer of a support electrode is formed on a front side of the substrate, the support electrode which holds a crystal piece is formed on the support electrode lower layer portion by using Ag, and a cover is mounted on an insulating film formed on the inner side of the periphery of the substrate and effect airtight sealing.

Abstract: There is provided a tank based oscillator. The oscillator includes one or more active devices, one or more passive devices, and a tank circuit decoupled from the active devices using at least one of the one or more passive devices. A coupling ratio between the tank circuit and the one or more active devices is set such that a maximum value of an oscillation amplitude of the tank circuit is limited based upon a breakdown of only the one or more passive devices.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are also disclosed related to an oscillator that includes a switching network configured to tune a resonant frequency of a resonant circuit. One such apparatus includes a switching network having a circuit element, such as a capacitor, that can be selectively coupled to the resonant circuit by a switch, such as a field effect transistor. For instance, the switch can electrically couple to circuit element to the resonant circuit when on and not electrically couple the circuit element to the resonant circuit when off. An active circuit can assert a high impedance on an intermediate node between the switch and the circuit element when the switch is off.

Abstract: A wideband phase modulator comprises a multiphase generator, a phase selector, and a phase adjuster. The wideband phase modulator is configured to receive an N-bit digital phase-modulating signal comprising a timed sequence of N-bit phase-modulating words, where N is a positive integer representing the bit resolution of the N-bit digital phase-modulating signal. The multiphase generator generates a plurality of coarse carrier phases, all having the same carrier frequency but each offset in phase relative to the other. The M most significant bits of the N-bit phase-modulating words are used to form M-bit phase select words that control the output phase of the phase selector. The phase adjuster performs a precision rotation operation, whereby a selected coarse carrier phase is adjusted so that the phase of the resulting final precision phase-modulated signal more closely aligns with a desired precision phase.

Abstract: An arrangement for processing a non-symmetrical signal includes an apparatus configured to balance and filter an image frequency of a nominal frequency of the non-symmetrical receiving signal. The apparatus includes a modified Boucherot bridge having a series or parallel oscillating circuit that replaces inductive or capacitive components of a conventional Boucherot bridge, such that the modified Boucherot bridge is in the harmonized state with the image frequency to be faded out and has a predetermined impedance with the nominal frequency on its symmetrical output terminals. The nominal frequency has a predetermined impedance on its symmetrical output terminals. The nominal frequency is transmitted as a signal balanced to ground to the symmetrical output terminals of the modified Boucherot bridge.

Abstract: An RF circuit having a transcoupler, a multifunctional RF-circuit element that can operate both as an impedance inverter and as a signal coupler. When connected to a fixed load impedance, the transcoupler can also operate as an impedance transformer. The impedance-transformer/inverter functionality of the transcoupler can be used, e.g., to modulate the load of a power amplifier. The signal coupler functionality of the transcoupler can be used, e.g., to generate a corresponding feedback signal indicative of phase and/or amplitude distortions in the amplifier. The use of various embodiments of the transcoupler in an RF circuit can be advantageous, for example, because the transcoupler has a lower insertion loss than a cascade consisting of a prior-art impedance inverter and a prior-art directional coupler, occupies a relatively small area on the printed circuit board, and helps to reduce the per-unit fabrication and operating costs.

Abstract: Reconfigurable impedance matching circuits with multiple configurations are disclosed. A reconfigurable impedance matching circuit may be implemented with a set of reactive elements (e.g., inductors and/or capacitors) and a set of switches. Different configurations may be obtained with different settings of the switches and may be associated with different impedance tuning curves. This may enable the reconfigurable impedance matching circuit to provide better impedance matching for a load circuit (e.g., an antenna). In an exemplary design, the reconfigurable impedance matching circuit includes at least one variable reactive element configured to tune the impedance of the reconfigurable impedance matching circuit in order to provide better impedance matching. In an exemplary design, the reconfigurable impedance matching circuit may include at least one reconfigurable reactive element, each of which can be connected as a series element or a shunt element.

Abstract: An electronic component includes: a first circuit connected to a first common terminal for inputting/outputting a first signal set, a second common terminal for inputting/outputting a second signal set having a frequency higher than the first signal set, and a third common terminal for being connected to an antenna; and a second circuit connected in parallel to the first circuit between the first and second common terminals, wherein the first circuit includes a first filter transmitting the first signal set and reflecting the second signal set, and a second filter transmitting the second signal set and reflecting the first signal set, the third common terminal is located between the first and second filters, and the second circuit reflects a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal, transmits parts of the first and second transmission signals, and inverts phases of the parts of the first and second transmission signals.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a phase shifter, which comprises at least two layered chambers, wherein, in each chamber two parallel-arranged metal guide sleeves and a U-shaped conductor are set, the two free ends of the U-shaped conductor are respectively inserted into the two metal guide sleeves, and the free ends of the U-shaped conductor move relatively to the metal guide sleeves so as to change the phase of the output signal of the phase shifter. Using the phase shifter provided in the present invention enables the phase control of each radiating element to be very convenient. Furthermore, the phase shifter is simple in structure and inexpensive.

Abstract: An acoustic resonator comprises a substrate having a trench with lateral boundaries, a first electrode formed on the substrate over the trench and having lateral edges that are laterally offset from the lateral boundaries of the trench by a first distance, a first piezoelectric layer formed on the first electrode, a second electrode formed on the first piezoelectric layer and having edges that are laterally aligned inside the lateral boundaries of the trench, a second piezoelectric layer located on the second electrode, and a third electrode located on the second piezoelectric layer and having edges that are laterally offset from the edges of the second electrode.

Abstract: A thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) includes a first electrode stacked on a substrate over a cavity, a piezoelectric layer stacked on the first electrode, and a second electrode stacked on the piezoelectric layer. Multiple lateral features are formed on a surface of the second electrode, the lateral features including multiple stepped structures.

Abstract: A reconfigurable bandpass filter including at least a tunable planar combline filter including varactor diodes arranged on a carrier board. For automatic calibration of adjustment of blocking voltage during operation, the reconfigurable bandpass filter includes a filter control offering an external abstracted interface. A memory is connected with the filter control. The memory stores calibration data. For approximating of the best possible filter characteristic, the filter control determines, based on memorized data, the best configuration of tuning voltages. The reconfigurable bandpass filter can be used in the field of secondary radar systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-frequency transmission line including a conductive tape (6) associated with a shielding surface (4) that is placed under the line structure and is divided into parallel microstrips in a direction generally orthogonal to the direction of the line, said microstrips being movable relative to the conductive tape.

Abstract: A method of producing a waveguide and a coupling transducer for connecting the waveguide to a load is disclosed. The method comprises: forming a series of similar circuits each circuit comprising two capacitors and at least one inductor section, the circuits being coupled to together to form the waveguide; and removing one of the capacitors and at least part of the at least one inductor section from one of the circuits to form the coupling transducer.

Abstract: Traditional contactors utilize a magnetic circuit that requires its coil to be continuously powered up to hold contacts together. They are heavy and bulky with the type, quality and size of materials used to develop sufficient magnetic force to hold contacts together. They are inefficient, costly and are a safety concern due to potential overheating which could result into fire or damage to connected loads. The current invention utilizes a solenoid actuator assembly with locking and unlocking mechanism in place of the yoke and armature assembly used in traditional magnetic contactors. It does not require the coil to be continuously powered up during operation and the contactor could be manually, electronically or electrically controlled thereby avoiding unnecessary power loss. They are very efficient, safe to users and connected loads, and have long service life expectancy. They are also more cost-effective and smaller in size than traditional magnetic contactors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a contact device capable of narrowing a gap between a fixed contactor and a movable contactor and reducing the number of parts and the production costs, and an electromagnetic switch that uses the contact device. The contact device has a pair of columnar fixed contactors (6a, 6b) which are fixed to a surface of an insulation airtight container (4) while keeping a predetermined space therebetween, each having at least a tip end contact surface protruding into the insulation container; a movable contactor (11) that is disposed so as to be capable of contacting with and separating from the pair of fixed contactors (6a, 6b); and a pair of arc extinguishing annular permanent magnets (9a, 9b) which is respectively attached to outer circumferential surfaces of the pair of fixed contactors (6a, 6b) and drives an arc outwardly.

Abstract: Micro-miniaturized reed switches and methods of forming them are presented. The present invention enables cost-effective miniaturized reed switches with more consistent operating parameters as compared to conventional reed switches. The present invention employs lithographic-based high-aspect-ratio fabrication to enable monolithic construction of one or more reed switches, which enables reed switches having micrometer dimensions with tight tolerances that are repeatable over large arrays of devices. Reed switches in accordance with the present invention are capable of repeatable and consistent electromechanical operation.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for using a planar inductor that includes a magnetically conductive core, a first planar coil and a second planar coil. The first and second planar coils are attached to a first bridge, located about the core, and are composed of a conductive material. The first and second planar coils have at least one thermally conductive surface exposed to cooling fluid. The first planar coil, the first bridge and the second planar coil are formed from a first unitary section of conductive material. The second planar coil is positioned relative to the first planar coil in a spaced relationship, which is defined by a thickness of the first bridge. An upper surface of the first planar coil is oriented toward a lower surface of the second planar coil to define a first cooling channel between the first planar coil and the second planar coil.

Abstract: An electro-magnetic device includes a core having a first end that extends to a second end through an outer core surface and an inner core surface. A plurality of windings extend about the core, and a polymer housing covers the core and the plurality of windings. The polymer housing includes an outer housing member that extends adjacent to the outer core surface and an inner housing member that extends adjacent to the inner core surface.

Abstract: A mobile terminal includes a terminal body comprising a base having a defined region on a first surface of the base and a plurality of protrusions protruding from the first surface, wherein the plurality of protrusions are spaced apart from each other along an edge of the defined region; and an antenna coil wound around each protrusion of the plurality of protrusions and extending from each protrusion to at least one adjacent protrusion of the plurality of protrusions along the edge of the defined region to form a loop along the edge of the defined region, wherein the antenna coil is configured to transmit or receive a radio signal for near field communication.

Abstract: A core member (2) of the disclosed reactor (Da) comprises a magnetic wire material and is arranged outside a plurality of coils (1). As the core member (2) in the reactor (Da) having this structure is a wire material and is arranged outside the plurality of coils (1), the core member (2) can be formed by the winding of the wire material, simplifying manufacturing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a laminated chip inductor including: a laminate including a plurality of first sheets having conductive patterns printed thereon and laminated in order; and a sheet having a discrimination via hole and provided on and/or under the laminate.

Abstract: A vibration-suppressed transformer is fixed to a base plate and includes a magnetic lower core, two or more magnetic upper cores, primary and secondary coils. The lower core is on the base plate. The upper cores are arranged face to face over the lower core. The coils are arranged between the lower and upper cores. Each upper core contacts the lower core, on an outer side of the coils, with a first gap being provided between the upper and lower cores, on an inner side of the coils. The upper cores are extended towards each other from the outer to the inner side of the coils, with a second gap being provided therebetween. The second gap is provided therein with a non-magnetic pressing member to press the lower core against the base plate, on an inner side of the coils.

Abstract: A transformer includes: a core portion, which forms a magnetic circuit; a coil bobbin, which has a winding core portion to be wound by a winding wire, and which is attached on the core portion; a primary winding wire, which has a plurality of first divided winding wire portions divided in parallel; and a secondary winding wire, which has a plurality of second divided winding wire portions divided in parallel, wherein the plurality of first divided winding wire portions and the plurality of second divided winding wire portions are layered on the winding core portion, wherein at least one of the first divided winding wire portions becomes a first layer which is closest to the winding core portion, and at least one of the other of the first divided winding wire portions is interposed between two of the second divided winding wire portions.

Abstract: A secure monitoring device, system, and method to aid response and investigation of events. An example secure monitoring device includes a fire and tamper resistant enclosure. A processing device is provided in the fire and tamper resistant enclosure to analyze an event for an anomaly and a black-box mode to secure all system events for the secure monitoring device when the anomaly is a threat to the secure monitoring device. The secure monitoring device, system, and method may include preprogramming and packaging as an integrated building security and building automation device.

Abstract: A method of using an electronic key for access to one or more mechatronic locks when the key moves from place to place, including the key periodically transmitting its geographical location to an access management server so as to allow said server to identify location coordinates for the key, and receiving an access profile from the server where the access profile includes a set of one or more cylinders accessible to the key and is based at least in part on the key's location. If the key's new location causes a change in access profile information associated with the key, the key's previous access profile is preferably replaced with the key's new access profile in an irreversible manner. The key preferably self-supervises its communications with the server by deactivating its access profile if it no longer receives information from the server for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: Control systems for mounting in a vehicle and for transmitting a signal to a receiver associated with a device for opening or closing a movable barrier when the receiver receives an authorized signal are provided.

Abstract: The system for controlling vehicle ignition provides three separate levels of access to prevent unauthorized users from actuating ignition of a vehicle. The system includes a radio frequency identification tag having permanent computer readable memory and volatile computer readable memory associated therewith. The radio frequency identification tag is preferably embedded within a vehicle key. A predetermined permanently assigned authentication code is stored in the permanent computer readable memory and a variable time stamp is stored in the volatile computer readable memory. The permanently assigned authentication code and the variable time stamp are transmitted upon activation of the radio frequency identification tag. Vehicle ignition occurs only upon the mechanical operation of the key in a conventional ignition switch and matching of both the permanently assigned authentication code and the variable time stamp with codes and stamps stored in vehicle memory.

Abstract: An electronic seal system uses fingerprint recognition to prevent use by an unauthorized person and includes a mechanism for remotely destroying a stolen or missing seal. The system includes a fingerprint module for collecting an image of a fingerprint of an authorized individual. In addition, a processor for carrying out a comparison of a scanned fingerprint and a stored image of an authorized fingerprint is provided. The system also includes a printable seal for sealing a document and includes a mechanism for activating the system when a scanned fingerprint matches a stored image of a fingerprint and for deactivating the seal when the fingerprints do not match. Further, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides a time, date and location receiver for receiving signals from a GPS and automatically numbering and printing mechanism for printing the time, date, location and document numbers and seal on each page to which a seal is provided.

Abstract: System for electronically providing an access authorisation for a user, to a location selected by a user, comprising at least one access report device, which reports a user identification of the user, which is in each case stored on at least one portable data carrier of an user having access authorisation, via a data network to a forwarding device, which electronically forwards the reported user identification via the data network to at least one access read device, which is provided at the respective selected location and which grants the user access to the selected location if the user identification which is stored on the user's portable data carrier and is read off from the data carrier by the access read device corresponds to the user identification which is electronically forwarded to the access read device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, at a first device, a first signal transmitted from a first antenna and receiving a second signal after receiving the first signal. The second signal is transmitted from a second antenna after the first signal was transmitted from the first antenna. The method includes determining expected characteristics of an expected signal based on combining the first signal and the second signal. The method includes receiving, at the first device, a third signal comprising signals transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna substantially simultaneously. The method includes determining whether the third signal comprises at least one characteristic that matches the expected characteristics. In response to determining that the third signal matches the expected signal, the method includes engaging, by the first device, in a communication session with a second device, the second device comprising the first antenna and the second antenna.

Abstract: An internal locking system is disclosed, which utilizes electro-mechanical locking devices to lock and unlock lockable openings.

Abstract: System and method for giving an audible direction indication towards an eyewash. A first input device may receive a first indication from a user, the first indication suggesting that the eyewash is needed. An audio device may generate an audio signal, upon the receiving of the first indication, the audio signal indicative of the location of the eyewash.

Abstract: A method for communicating between elements including a reader and tags of a radio frequency identification system. The method includes addressing a wide-band-message signal by including in the signal an identifier of the first tag. The addressed wide-band-message signal is transmitted by the reader. A first tag waits to receive the addressed wide-band-message signal; and upon receiving the addressed wide-band-message signal and recognizing the identifier, the first tag responds to the addressed wide-band-message signal by transmitting an addressed wide-band response signal either back to the reader or to a relaying tag. The tag relays to another element of the system by transferring at least one datum of the query from the addressed wide-band-message signal to the addressed wide-band response signal, where the elements are readers or tags. The system and method allow for many parallel wide band addressed links, and for position determination using at least two tags with known locations.

Abstract: Computer program products, methods, systems, apparatus, and computing entities are provided for monitoring resources. In one embodiment, RFID tags/sensors can be attached to resources and mobile assets may include the ability to communicate with such RFID tags/sensors. The mobile assets can transmit signals to be received by the RFID tags/sensors and receive responses from the same. For the resources associated with the received responses, the mobile asset can estimate their location to be that of or proximate to the location of the mobile asset.

Abstract: Biological reagent carrier devices and methods are disclosed, which employ RFID techniques to associate information with biological reagents.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) device includes: a contact interface for wired communication with a host; a contactless interface for contactless communication with a reader/writer; a command processing unit that obtains a command from the reader/writer in the contactless communication and process the command, the command instructing a data access; and a memory that holds data. The command processing unit determines a communication mode, and (i) executes the data access instructed in the command between the reader/writer and the memory, when the communication mode is determined as a first communication mode, and (ii) executes the data access instructed in the command between the reader/writer and the host, when the communication mode is determined as a second communication mode.

Abstract: An electronic identification package and methods are disclosed. The electronic identification package comprises an electronic identifier operable to provide an identification. A ground conductive contact is coupled to the electronic identifier and is operable to conductively couple to a conductive body. An insulator is operable to insulate the electronic identifier from the conductive body, and a reader conductive contact is coupled to the electronic identifier and is operable to electronically couple to an electronic identification reader.

Abstract: A communication apparatus may include at least one connection terminal configured to connect with at least one external power line coupled to an external apparatus, at least one internal power line configured to carry power and a communication signal to the at least one connection terminal, and a wireless communication circuit connected to the at least one internal power line. The wireless communication circuit may have an input configured to receive the power and the communication signal from the at least one internal power line, and may be configured to separate the communication signal from the power, and to wirelessly transmit the communication signal to the external apparatus. A communication method may include transmitting power and a communication signal via a power line, separating the communication signal from the power via a circuit connected to the power line, and wirelessly transmitting the separated communication signal via a communication antenna.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for augmenting electronic communications with emotional context. Electronic communications is received from a first device. An expression of a user of the first device is captured at the first device. Data based on the captured expression is received from the first device. The received data is analyzed to determine emotional context associated with the user of the first device. A haptic response is generated based on the determined emotional context. The haptic response is associated with the received electronic communications. The haptic response is provided concurrently with the access of the electronic communications to indicate the emotional context of the user.

Abstract: A system for detecting objects in the blind spot of a host vehicle. When an object is detected in the blind spot of the host vehicle, the system analyzes other objects directly in front of or behind the detected object in the blind spot. If the other objects are moving, the system concludes that the object in the blind spot is also moving and, therefore, is a stagnating vehicle. If the other objects are not moving, the system concludes that the object in the blind spot is also a stationary object. The system generates a blind-spot-detection signal when it determines that a stagnating vehicle is located in the blind spot.

Abstract: An electric moving body alarm sound control device that does not generate alarm sound more than necessary nor less than necessary is provided in electric moving bodies, such as hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, excellent in quietness. An electric moving body alarm sound control device comprises an electric moving body noise detection unit that detects noise the electric moving body generates by itself; an electric moving body noise level comparison determination unit that determines the noise level the electric moving body generates, based on the detection signal detected by the electric moving body noise detection unit; and an alarm sound volume level control unit that takes control of the volume level of alarm sound a sound-emitting unit emits, based on the determination result by the electric moving body noise level comparison determination unit.

Abstract: A wireless radio frequency switch controller that requires no batteries is disclosed, as is a method for interacting between the wireless radio frequency switch controller and a Bluetooth device. The wireless radio frequency switch controller taps into the existing garage door control wiring and uses capacitors to retain power (voltage and current), which is a form of energy harvesting. The Bluetooth device interaction causes a digital controlled switch such as a transistor, solid state switch, or electrochemical relay, which operates the desired garage door motor thereby opening and closing the garage door. Additionally, the wireless radio frequency switch controller may operate in conjunction with different parent systems such as thermostats, doorbells, security systems, or the like.

Abstract: A personal thermal monitor, comprising a thermally activated circuit configured to provide a first signal when an ambient temperature is greater than a first temperature, a switch in communication with said thermally activated circuit, a controller in communication with said switch and comprising an audible alarm.

Abstract: A receiver of an object finder includes an antenna to receive a signal from a transmitter associated with the receiver, a PIN diode having a first terminal coupled with the antenna, and having a resistance that increases as a current flows therethrough decreases, and vice versa, a variable resistor coupled with the first terminal of the PIN diode to control the amount of a current flowing into the PIN diode, and a radio frequency integrated circuit (RF IC) having a first pin electrically coupled with second terminal of the PIN diode to receive the signal from the antenna via the PIN diode.