Abstract: An A/D conversion circuit includes a pulse transit circuit, first and second pulse transit position detection circuits, and a digital signal generation circuit. The first pulse transit position detection circuit detects a transit position of the pulse signal output from the pulse transit circuit and generates a logical signal according to the transit position. The second pulse transit position detection circuit detects the circling number of the pulse signal output from the pulse transit circuit and generates a logical signal according to the circling number. The digital signal generation circuit synthesizes the logical signals output from the first and second pulse transit position detection circuits and generates a digital signal according to a size of an analog signal VA.

Abstract: An SAR-ADC includes input and reference terminals, first and second capacitor sets, a dummy capacitor, a comparator, a switch, and a logic. The first and second capacitor sets include first and second capacitors, respectively. The first capacitor has a first capacitance. The second capacitor has a second capacitance. The dummy capacitor has a third capacitance. The comparator compares an output voltage with a ground voltage and outputs a digital output code in accordance with a difference between the output and ground voltages. The switch is connected among the first capacitors of the first and second capacitor sets, and the reference terminal. The logic turns the switch based on the digital output code. The input terminal is located between the first and second capacitors of the first capacitor set. The second capacitor of the first capacitor set is located between the first and second capacitors of the second capacitor set.

Abstract: The configurations and adjusting method of a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) are provided. The provided SAR ADC includes at least one capacitor with a first and a second terminals, and a plurality of bits, each of which is connected to the at least one capacitor, wherein the first terminal receives an input signal, and the second terminal selectively receives one of a first and a second reference voltages, and a first comparator receiving an adjustable third reference voltage and a first voltage value generated by the input signal, wherein a connection of the second terminal of each the capacitor of the capacitor array is switched when the first voltage value is larger than the third reference voltage.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a first capacitor system and a second capacitor system. Each capacitor system is removably coupled to the same portion of an analog to digital converter (ADC) and the same sensing circuit. Each capacitor system stores charge received through the sensing circuit when coupled to the sensing circuit and provides the charge received through the sensing circuit to the ADC for conversion into a digital value when coupled to the ADC. When the control signals are in a first state, the first capacitor system receives charge through the sensing circuit and the second capacitor system is coupled to the portion of the ADC. When the one or more control signals are in a second state, the second capacitor system is coupled to the sensing circuit to receive charge through the sensing circuit and the first capacitor system is coupled to the portion of the ADC.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting chaff is disclosed. The method includes receiving range profile data including a plurality of samples, determining an average power for a first group of samples of the range profile data and a second group of samples of the range profile data, comparing the average power for the first group of samples to a first threshold value and the average power for the second group of samples to a second threshold value, and identifying a chaff detection if an average power of at least one of the first and second groups of samples exceeds its respective threshold value. The system includes a computer readable medium and a processor in communication with the computer readable storage medium and configured to perform the receiving, determining, comparing and detecting steps.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a weather radar apparatus includes a transmitting/receiving unit configured to transmit a radar wave to an observation target and receive a reflected wave, a distribution unit configured to distribute a received signal of the reflected wave to a main path and at least another path, an extraction unit configured to extract, from a signal of the other path, an interference wave signal extracted from another radio station, and a removing unit configured to remove the interference wave signal extracted from a signal of the main path.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of sensor network localization through reconstruction of a radiation pattern with a characteristic value of an antenna depending on orientation thereof. The method can minimize errors using an antenna characteristic value and a signal strength depending on the orientation. In addition, the method can minimize errors using an artificial neural network to characterize a distorted radiation pattern of an antenna and using it for the localization of a triangulation method. Furthermore, the method can increases the localization rate even in a passive localization method by characterizing an asymmetric antenna radiation pattern and constructing the antenna characteristic through an artificial neural network.

Abstract: A frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) system includes a first memory receiving a clock signal and storing voltage digital values of I FMCW signals, a second memory receiving the clock signal and storing the voltage digital values of the Q FMCW signals, a first digital-to-analog converter (DAC) connected to the first memory and receiving the clock signal for converting the voltage digital values of the I FMCW signal to a first analog voltage, a second digital-to-analog converter (DAC) connected to the second memory and receiving the clock signal for converting the voltage digital values of the Q FMCW signal to a second analog voltage, an I low-pass filter connected to the first DAC smoothing the I FMCW signal and a Q low-pass filter connected to the second DAC smoothing the Q FMCW signal.

Abstract: A command and control system for analyzing target track positional information by comparing target location to pregenerated geographic information.

Abstract: A non-scanning radar for detecting and tracking multiple moving objects. The transmit antenna continuously illuminates the entire surveillance volume, which can even be omni-directional (hemispherical). Multiple receive antennas are employed, each covering part of the surveillance volume. Receivers are used in combination to measure angles of incidence via interferometry on objects that are resolved in range and Doppler. Very long processing times are used to compensate for the reduced antenna gain compared to any radar that scans. By continuously illuminating the surveillance volume, there is no hard limit to the number of objects that can be simultaneously tracked. The primary application for this technology is detection and tracking of such objects as bullets, artillery projectiles, mortar shells, and rockets, and determining the location of the weapon that fired them. Numerous other applications are also described.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer for a time base generator of a level measuring device which works according to the radar principle, with at least one first output for output of a first frequency signal, with at least one second output for output of a second frequency signal, and with a reference oscillator for producing a reference frequency signal, the first frequency signal and the second frequency signal having a small difference frequency relative to one another, the first frequency signal being producible by interaction of the reference oscillator with a direct digital synthesizer. The first frequency signal and second frequency signal can be generated with especially low noise by the second frequency signal being derived from the reference oscillator without interconnection of a direct digital synthesizer and the direct digital synthesizer being operated such that only a noise spectrum is produced which is at least partially minimized.

Abstract: An imaging array for sensing scene energy includes a plurality of sensors, a radiative noise source for radiating noise energy, a modulator for turning the radiative noise source on and off, and a coupling device for combining a first portion of the scene energy and a second portion of the noise energy to form a combined scene and noise energy for sensing by the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include a method for obtaining a calibration parameter for an antenna array. The antenna array comprises a first and a second radio module with respective associated antennas, wherein both radio modules comprise a main transmitter and a connected calibration receiver or both radio modules comprise a main receiver and a connected calibration transmitter. The method comprises: injecting a first calibration signal in the first radio module and measuring a first response to the first calibration in the first radio module. This injecting and measuring is repeated for all combinations of the first and second radio modules. Finally, a numerical value is calculated using the responses; a calibration parameter is calculated based on the calculated numerical value. Embodiments herein also include a corresponding antenna array, computer program and computer program product.

Abstract: A missile radar system includes a tapered radome covering a front face of a main antenna. A calibration antenna is the combination of a metal tip and an attached one or more radiating or excitation elements (monopole) on the tip. A narrow end (wedge) of the radome may aid in directing planar calibration waves toward the main antenna. The metal tip has a curved inner surface that acts, with the attached radiating element(s), as an aperture antenna. Signals are emitted from the calibration antenna back toward the front face of the main antenna. The signals pass from the tip/reflector to the front face of the main antenna through a substantially-metal-free and substantially-dielectric-free volume defined by the inner surface of the radome. The radar system allows for calibration of the antenna prior to launch and/or during flight of the missile.

Abstract: The method of generating an image in the form of a disc portion on a display, the disc portion comprising a center and a maximum radius defining a limit of the image generated, the disc portion comprising a plurality of angular sectors, each angular sector comprising a plurality of disjoint areas, each disjoint area of an angular sector being delimited by two circular arcs defined between two radii, and each disjoint area being called a “ring”, is characterized in that it comprises: a first step of selecting a ring, a second step of comparing the area of the ring with at least one predefined value, dubbed the grain, a third step of generating the image of the ring as a function of the result of the comparison, a fourth step of incrementing the next ring to be selected.

Abstract: The disclosed method and system is used to determine the position of a user device. The user device can receive data signals and/or carrier signals from orbiting space vehicles. These data signals can be used for positioning calculation and/or track maintenance of the user device. The disclosed method and system can account for time and frequency biases of the user device. For the track maintenance, a Kalman filter state estimator can be extended to include a velocity of the user device.

Abstract: A method and system obtains precise survey-grade position data of target points in zones where precise GPS data cannot be obtained, due to natural or man-made objects such as foliage and buildings. The system comprises position measurement components such as a GPS receiver, together with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and an electronic distance meter (EDM) or an image capture device all mounted on a survey pole. The system and method obtains GPS data when outside the zone and uses the other position measurement systems, such as the IMU, inside the zone to traverse to a target point. The EDM or the image capture device may be used within or without the zone to obtain data to reduce accumulated position errors.

Abstract: A cinematic parameter computing method of a satellite navigation system, including: receiving signals at a receiving apparatus from a plurality of satellites; processing said signals to provide received data; computing a first cinematic parameter value of said receiving apparatus according to a first computational method using said received data; computing a second cinematic parameter value of said receiving apparatus according to a second computational method using said received data and computing a distance value representing a difference between said first and second cinematic parameter values. The distance value is compared with a reference value providing a comparison result data and selecting one of first and second computational methods based on said comparison result data.

Abstract: A navigation device configured to connect to any type of communication device, such as a two-way radio or a cellular phone. The navigation device includes a LCD display and a user input device. The navigation device displays on the LCD the relative distance and direction of other navigation devices relative to the navigation device, as well as the speed, distance traveled, current location, altitude, temperature of the other navigation devices. Also, the user interface allows the user to scroll through different menu options and display options of the LCD. The navigation device is additionally configured to send text messages to other navigation devices. The navigation device transmits three NMEA sentences allowing text messages, waypoint names and locations, speed, course, direction and altitude to be sent between navigation devices.

Abstract: A system and method for compensating for faulty satellite navigation measurements. A plurality of measurements in a system is received for a measurement epoch. A Kalman filter is used to calculate a state of the system for the measurement epoch based on the plurality of measurements, wherein the state of the system for the measurement epoch is calculated using a first closed-form update equation. A faulty measurement is detected in the plurality of measurements for the measurement epoch and a revised state of the system for the measurement epoch that compensates for the faulty measurement is calculated, using the calculated state of the system for the measurement epoch as an input to the revised state calculation, and using a revised closed-form update equation comprising the first closed-form update equation modified with respect to the faulty measurement.

Abstract: A system for determining a location of a receiver is disclosed. The system includes at least one transmitter transmitting one or more radio signals, respectively. The system also includes a receiver comprising a clock, a memory, and a processor configured to execute computer-executable instructions stored in the memory. The instructions makes the receiver operable to receive the radio signals, capture the radio signals as one or more received signal waveform, respectively, and store the received signal waveforms in the memory. The instructions also make the receiver operable to calculate one or more virtual transmitted waveforms based upon the received signal waveforms, respectively and determine, based upon the received signal waveforms and the virtual transmitted waveforms, a position of the receiver relative to the transmitters.

Abstract: A wireless internet with a plane antenna, the plane antenna comprises a plane, an import and an export antenna and plural radiators. The import antenna has a first and a second import line which connect with each other and an included angle is formed between the second and the first import line, the export antenna has a first and a second export line which connect with each other and the included angle is formed between the second and the first export line. The radiators are disposed between the import and the export antenna, each radiator having a first and a second conducting wire, a sharp part, a first and a second protruding fringe and a fillister. The radiators are divided into two symmetrically arranged teams. The connected angles between two neighboring radiators in the one of the teams are different.

Abstract: A monopole antenna is disposed on a substrate including a first surface and a second surface. The monopole antenna includes a feeding point, a radiation unit, and a reflecting element. The radiation unit is disposed on the first surface of the substrate, and includes a feeding section, a first radiation section, a second radiation section, and a third radiation section. The feeding section, the first radiation section, and the second radiation section are connected sequentially. The feeding point is electrically connected to the feeding section. The second radiation section and the feeding section are respectively placed at two sides of a longitudinal axis of the first radiation section. The third radiation section is electrically connected to the first radiation section. The reflecting element is disposed on the second surface of the substrate, and corresponds to a position of the second radiation section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an RF antenna structure that includes a planar structure and a loading plate, such that the planar structure is mounted between a ground plane and the loading plate to form an RF antenna. The loading plate may be about parallel to the ground plane and the planar structure may be about perpendicular to the loading plate and the ground plane. The loading plate may allow the height of the RF antenna structure above the ground plane to be relatively small. For example, the height may be significantly less than one-quarter of a wavelength of RF signals of interest. The planar structure may include two conductive matching elements to help increase the bandwidth of the RF antenna structure.

Abstract: Multiband antennas are disclosed that incorporate a high frequency antenna element connected to a low frequency antenna element by a choking circuit. The choking circuit couples the high frequency antenna element to the low frequency antenna at a low frequency band and decouples the high frequency antenna element at a high frequency band. The connection created by the choking circuit can be a direct connection or can be an indirect connection via coupling elements that are capactively coupled to the high frequency antenna element and/or the low frequency element to increase the bandwidth of the multiband antenna. One embodiment includes a high frequency antenna element including a feed, and a low frequency antenna element connected to the high frequency antenna element via a choking circuit.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a first conductive unit and a second conductive unit disposed such that a gap exists between the first component and the second component. The electronic device further includes one or more components disposed along the gap and configured to counteract one or more capacitance effects in the gap, wherein at least one of the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit represents a part of an antenna. By counteracting the capacitance effects in the gap, certain radiation attributes of the antenna, such as radiation efficiency, can be improved. The one or more components are also employed to counteract one or more capacitance effects in a slot of a conductive unit in an electronic device.

Abstract: An integrated resonator and dipole for generation of high power directional RF energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dual polarized radiating element for a cellular base station antenna, comprising a reflector surface for reflecting radiation energy, four radiating monopoles distributed around an aperture area, each radiating monopole comprising a footing protruding from said reflector surface and a flange located above the reflector surface and protruding from said footing radially towards the outside, the flanges from adjacent monopoles extending radially perpendicular to each other. The element further comprises four element feeds, each capacitively coupled to a respective monopole and protruding radially therefrom within the aperture area, and powering means connected to the element feeds.

Abstract: An improved antenna array has at least one first radiator device and at least one second radiator device and at least one third radiator device. The at least one first radiator device and the at least one second radiator device and the at least one third radiator device are arranged consecutively. The at least one dual-polarized radiator device radiates in both polarization planes (P1, P2). The at least one first radiator device radiates only in one polarization plane (P1 or P2). The at least one third radiator device radiates in one polarization plane (P2 or P1), which is aligned perpendicular to the polarization plane (P1 or P2) in which the at least one first radiator device radiates.

Abstract: An antenna feeding network, including at least one antenna feeding line, each antenna feeding line comprising a coaxial line having a central inner conductor and a surrounding outer conductor. The outer conductor (4) is made of an elongated tubular compartment (5) having an elongated opening (6) along one side of the compartment (5), and that the inner conductor (3) is suspended within the tubular compartment (5) by means of dielectric support means (7).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reflector 20; 30; 40 for use in an antenna 10; 50. The reflector 20; 30; 40 is arranged to be used as an earth plane of the antenna 10 and the reflector is corrugated to form current pockets. The reflector 20; 30; 40 comprises at least two separate parts 21, 22; 21, 22, 31, 32; 41, 42, and the parts are electrically coupled to each other to commonly form the earth plane of the antenna 10; 50. The invention also relates to an antenna including a reflector, and to a method for manufacturing a reflector.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a multi-band printed antenna, comprising: a grounding plane; and an antenna part, including a shorted arm electrically connected to the grounding plane, a folded arm connected to the shorted arm, and a feeding arm connected to the folded arm, feeding arm being for providing signals to the folded arm and shorted arm; wherein the folded arm includes at least one turning corner and provides at least two resonant frequencies according to the turning corner and the total length of the folded arm.

Abstract: An antenna element is formed by providing a radiation electrode on a base member made of a dielectric material. To protect the antenna element from external impact, a void is formed between a housing and the antenna element. This void is filled with a solid member. The relative permittivity of the solid member is equal to or higher than the relative permittivity of the housing, and equal to or lower than the relative permittivity of the base member. The solid member is formed as an elastic member.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are described for mounting objects to a structure, such as a wall or roof of a home. One embodiment is a mounting apparatus that includes a base configured to attach to a structure and mount an object to the structure. The apparatus further includes at least one load applying member attached to the base configured to apply a preload force to the structure. The load applying member includes a loading plate and a plurality of force applying members attached to the loading plate. The force applying members apply a preload force to a surface of the structure during mounting of the object to the structure.

Abstract: A method for controlling a portable device and which includes detecting one of a first unlock command for switching a state of a first display unit to an active state and maintaining a state of a second display unit in a locked state or a second unlock command for switching the state of the first display unit to the active state and switching the state of the second display unit to a ready-to-activate state; switching the states of the first and second display units to the active state and the ready-to-activate state, respectively, when the second unlock command is detected; detecting an unlock trigger; and switching the second display unit to the active state according to the detected unlock trigger.

Abstract: A method of controlling brightness, color, hue, color temperature, gamma response or contrast of at least one image for display on a multi-layer display device characterized by carrying out the steps of: receiving said at least one image(s) to be displayed, detecting the brightness, color, hue, color temperature, gamma response or contrast of said image(s) to be displayed, determining the transmissivity of each layer of the multi layer display device in the localized area of said image(s) to achieve the brightness, color, hue, color temperature, gamma response and/or contrast detected or received, communicating the determined transmissivity of each layer of the multi layer display device in the localized area of said image(s) to a display device or storage device. A software device designed to do the same and a display device which can be utilized to controlling brightness, color, hue, color temperature, gamma response or contrast of at least one image.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a position for an interstitial diffuser for use in a multi-component display is disclosed. Embodiments utilize a camera to capture images of visual output from one or more display screens of a multi-component display, where each image may be taken with an interstitial diffuser at a different position between the display screens. The images may be used to analyze the Moiré interference and blur of the visual output at each position of the diffuser. Moiré interference values for each diffuser position may be determined by processing images captured of the visual output while each display screen displays a white image. Blur values for each diffuser position may be determined by comparing images captured of the visual output with a reference image.

Abstract: A set of equipment items for an aircraft including a video transducer and at least two head-up display devices, wherein the video transducer and/or each HUD device is/are capable of defining the image to be projected by the HUD device on the basis of the display field of the HUD device and of one or more HUD/transducer errors, each HUD/transducer error being defined as being the difference between the HUD error of the corresponding HUD support around a direction and the transducer error around this same direction, the HUD error of an HUD support around a direction being the angular difference around this direction between the line of sight of the HUD support and a measuring reference line, and the transducer error around a direction being the angular difference around this direction between the line of sight of the transducer support and a measuring reference line.

Abstract: Methods and systems for operating a vehicular near-to-eye (NTE) display screen operable within an operational range limit are provided. An image is rendering on the NTE display screen within a predefined visibility range. The predefined visibility range is within the operational range limit. A luminance of at least a portion of the image is reduced in response to the NTE display screen being moved outside of the predefined visibility range and within the operational range limit.

Abstract: A head mount display includes: an image display unit at which an image is displayed; an arm that supports the image display unit while allowing an orientation of the image display unit to be adjusted; a mounting unit that supports the arm and is used to attach the head mount display to a user; and a protective member extending from the arm to range on an outer side relative to the image display unit to protect the image display unit. The image display unit is positioned between the head of the user, to which the mounting unit is attached, and the protective member.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing perceived color shift as a function of viewing angle is disclosed. One embodiment is a display device that includes a color light modulator and a color filter. The filter is configured to filter wavelengths of light that would be perceived as color shifted light when reflected by the modulator at an off-axis viewing angle. Another embodiment includes a color light modulator and a color light source configured to provide light having a spectral content that lacks the wavelengths that would be perceived as color shifted light by a view of the display at an off-axis viewing angle. Another embodiment are methods of making such display devices.

Abstract: Provided is a technique of a PDP device capable of preventing error display arising from changes in discharge characteristics in a reset period particularly due to a long-period operation. In the PDP device, a slope of a slope waveform in the reset period is changed corresponding to operation time of the PDP device. And, the slope waveform is made to have a configuration having a stepwise plurality of slopes in a predetermined reset period. For example, when the operation time becomes long, rising and falling slope waveforms of a reset waveform are configured by two steps, and a first slope thereof is made steeper than a slope before the change, and a second slope is made gentle than the slope before the change. When the operation become longer, the first slope is made further steeper and the subsequent second slope is made further gentler.

Abstract: A driving circuit including a plurality of light emitting control drivers includes an input terminal coupled to an initial driving line or a light emitting negative control line of a previous light emitting control driver, a first clock terminal and a second clock terminal that are electrically coupled to a first clock line and a first negative clock line that are phase-inverted, or a second clock line and a second negative clock line, respectively, and an output terminal and a negative output terminal adapted to generate an output signal and a negative output signal when receiving an input signal, a clock signal and a negative clock signal via the input terminal, the first clock terminal and the second clock terminal, respectively.

Abstract: In a display apparatus that includes an active matrix substrate on which multiple pixel circuits are disposed, each having a light emitting element, a drive transistor, a capacitor element connected between a gate terminal and the source terminal of the drive transistor, and a selection transistor, and a threshold voltage of the drive transistor is corrected by causing the capacitor element to hold the threshold voltage of the drive transistor, reverse bias voltages, each having a magnitude corresponding to a preset initial threshold voltage and a drive voltage of the drive transistor, the magnitude of the drive voltage being dependent on the amount of emission of the light emitting element, are supplied to the gate terminal of the drive transistor.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a plurality of pixels. Each pixel has a light emitting unit, a memory cell, and a driving circuit. The memory cell stores an image data. The driving circuit is electrically connected with the light emitting unit and the memory cell, and drives the light emitting unit according to the image data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light emitting device for preventing a cross-talk phenomenon and a pectinated pattern. The light emitting device includes data lines, scan lines, pixels and a discharging circuit. The data lines are disposed in a first direction, and the scan lines are disposed in a second direction different from the first direction. The pixels are formed in cross areas of the data lines and the scan lines. The discharging circuit discharges at least one data line to a first discharge voltage during a first sub-discharging time of a discharging time, and changes the first discharge voltage into a second discharge voltage during a second sub-discharging time of the discharging time. The light emitting device discharges data lines to discharge voltages corresponding to cathode voltage of pixels, and so cross-talk phenomenon and pectinated pattern is not occurred in the light emitting device.

Abstract: A display device, includes an active matrix display array including pixel circuits arranged in a matrix of columns and rows, each pixel circuit having a current-driven diode emissive element, and a plurality of thin film transistors for controlling the diode emissive element; a data line provided corresponding to each column of the matrix for supplying a data signal to a pixel circuit in the corresponding column; a data driver for controlling supply of the data signal to the data line; a select line provided corresponding to each row of the matrix for supplying a select signal to the pixel circuit in the corresponding row; and a gate driver for supplying the select signal to the select line; wherein the data signal is a digital signal indicating “1” or “0” as to whether or not to supply ON or drive current to the diode emissive element.

Abstract: A display apparatus capable of preventing electromagnetic noise. The display apparatus includes a substrate, a sealing member facing the substrate, a display unit arranged between the substrate and the sealing member, a driving chip arranged on the substrate to transmit an electrical signal to the display unit, a conductive cover layer covering the driving chip and a flexible circuit substrate including a conductive cover layer and signal line, the signal line being electrically connected to the driving chip.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel is disclosed that minimizes driving power consumption. The liquid crystal panel includes a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines defining pixel regions. Pixels are arranged in the pixel regions and respond to signals from corresponding gate lines, corresponding data lines, and previous pixels adjacent the data lines. Accordingly, since the swing width of the pixel voltage signals supplied to the data lines is reduced, the driving power consumption can be reduced and impulse type noise can be suppressed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided. The liquid crystal display device includes: a lower substrate having a first and a second common voltage supplying line, pixel regions defined by a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines and arranged in a matrix, and a plurality of common lines electrically connected to the second common voltage supplying line and arranged to be parallel to each of the gate lines; an upper substrate disposed to face the lower substrate and having a common electrode electrically connected to the first common voltage supplying line; a dot for electrically connecting the first common voltage supplying line and the common electrode; and a common voltage generator for generating a first and a second common voltage for independently supplying the first and the second common voltage to the first and the second common voltage supplying line.