Abstract: A tool stand includes a base, a post rotationally supported on the base, at least two trays rotationally supported on the post above the base, small wheels connected to the base, and large wheels connected to the lowermost one of trays so that the large wheels do not interfere with the rotation of the base relative to the post.

Abstract: This invention provides, among other things, a compact apparatus for transporting life support systems. In certain embodiments, the apparatus comprises a frame that is adapted to receive one or more components of a life-support system. Optionally, the frame may be configured such that it can be detachably secured to a transportable support member.

Abstract: Shelves and other load supporting panels are releasably mountable between pairs of uprights by sandwiching the rear ends of the panels between an upper, rear mounting bracket and a lower, forward mounting bracket at each end of the panels. Each pair of upper and lower mounting brackets are mounted to an upright so as to be in opposed facing relation to another pair of upper and lower mounting brackets or an adjacent upright. A protuberance on one mounting bracket of each pairs engages into a corresponding indentation on the panel to prevent the panel being inadvertently slid outwardly horizontally from its position cantilevered from between the uprights.

Abstract: A universal carrier for installation on vertical support profiles of a rack includes at least a base part and a telescoping part movable axially with respect to the base part, wherein 1) the telescoping part and the base part connect via a flexible element such that the telescoping part and the base part form a predetermined extension length of the universal carrier when the flexible element is relaxed and can be pushed together against a force of the flexible element, and 2) the flexible element can be fixed in a plurality of axial positions on the base part and/or on the telescoping part such that the extension length of the universal carrier can be adjusted by varying the axial position of the flexible element on the base part and/or on the telescoping part.

Abstract: A structural coupler for joining two storage racks of a mobile rack system. The coupler includes three separate components that are movable relative to each other to allow for relative movement between adjacent storage racks while providing the structural stability to prevent tipping of the storage racks. The coupler includes a coupling bracket that includes a pair of tabs that extend through open slots formed in a movement bracket and through receiving slots formed in a receiving bracket. A removable connector prevents separation of the coupler in the assembled condition while the size of the coupling tabs relative to the open slots allows the three components to move relative to each other. A series of individual couplers can be used along the height of the uprights that form part of each of the individual storage racks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a crane comprising: a lower body; an upper slewing body; a counterweight unit including a plurality of wheels to travel on the ground in a turning direction equal to a slewing direction of the upper slewing body while being suspended from the upper slewing body; a steering actuator for rotating each of the wheels around a steering-rotation center axis to change the steering angle; and a steering control device for controlling the steering actuator. The steering control device includes: a slewing-identification-signal receiving section which receives a slewing identification signal for identification of the slewing direction of the upper slewing body; and an actuator operating section operates the steering actuator to orient each of the wheels to the inside of a tangent line to an orbit of the wheel at the steering-rotation center axis, based on the identified slewing direction identified from the slewing identification signal.

Abstract: A manipulation apparatus that directs an operation of a drive device utilized in the movement of an object by changing a turning amount or reference direction of relative turning between a first housing and a second housing, wherein the first housing and second housing are in close proximity to each other along the turning axis of the relative turning, and each comprise an outer peripheral face having substantially the same diameter around the turning axis of the relative turning or having a substantially circular cross section perpendicular to the turning axis of the relative turning at this proximal position or nearby, and an indicator for indicating, in a mode that is visible by an operator, information related to the turning amount or turning direction of the relative turning is provided to each of the outer peripheral faces of the first housing and the second housing.

Abstract: A coupler head for a coupling arrangement is shown, which coupler head includes a coupler head housing (6) extending in a longitudinal direction from a first end (6a), attachable to a drawbar, to a second end (6b), which is arranged to carry a coupling interface between coupled rail vehicles, which coupler head housing houses mechanical coupling components (8,9) effective for automatic coupling to the corresponding components of a connecting coupling arrangement. The coupler head is characterized in that the coupler head housing has at least one notch (11, 11?) for a predetermined and primarily axial compression thereof with absorption of energy from a deforming compressive force that is applied to the coupler head in the longitudinal direction thereof. The coupler head has preferably at least one notch (11, 11?) for a predetermined folding of the coupler head housing.

Abstract: A container includes a body including a base and a sidewall extending from the base, and a neck finish extending from the body and including a pour spout. The neck finish may include a lower portion adjacent to the body with a cylindrical outer surface and at least one closure engagement feature, and a non-cylindrical portion remote from the body with laterally opposed indents forming the pour spout. The container also may include at least one thickened wall portion extending radially inwardly to form an internal trough to direct flow of product toward the pour spout. The sidewall may include a spout indicator circumferentially corresponding to the pour spout.

Abstract: A cap having a first part with a piercing element and a second part has a chamber with a bottom seal. The chamber is configured to receive the piercing element. The piercing element pierces the bottom seal upon a rotation of the first and second parts with respect to each other.

Abstract: There is disclosed a composite novelty cap for enclosing a fluid container, the cap having a body constructed to mount within the interior portion of the cap to divide the container chamber into an upper and lower chamber, the body having a wall depending from and spaced from the interior portion of the cap. Depending wall is provided with a plurality of apertures to allow fluid communication between the upper and lower chambers. The body further includes an electronic capsule formed therein which contains an electronic body including a circuit board, switch means for activating the circuit, power source and lights. The electronic body is secured within the fluid tight electronic capsule. The assembly permits the user of the device to drink fluid from the container while simultaneously activating the electronics in order to light up both the upper and lower chambers of the container.

Abstract: A mold for forming a three-dimensional pattern, which can easily provide a three-dimensional surface shape to a molded article and minimize deformation, and a method for manufacturing an exterior material for a home appliance using the same are disclosed. The mold includes a mold section formed of a material, such as metal, Teflon, and rubber, and having a three-dimensional pattern on a molding surface thereof to provide a surface shape of a molded article; and a frame section formed of a material, such as glass or a metal honeycomb panel, and attached to an outer surface of the mold section to reinforce the mold section.

Abstract: An electronic component is provided on a substrate. A thin-film capacitor is attached to the substrate, the thin-film capacitor includes a pyrochlore or perovskite dielectric layer between a plurality of electrode layers, the electrode layers being formed from a conductive thin-film material. A reactive barrier layer is deposited over the thin-film capacitor. The reactive barrier layer includes an oxide having an element with more than one valence state, wherein the element with more than one valence state has a molar ratio of the molar amount of the element that is in its highest valence state to its total molar amount in the barrier of 50% to 100%. Optionally layers of other materials may intervene between the capacitor and reactive barrier layer. The reactive barrier layer may be paraelectric and the electronic component may be a tunable capacitor.

Abstract: A method for making a master disk for nanoimprinting patterned-media magnetic recording disks has patterns for both the data islands and the nondata regions. The method uses guided self-assembly of a block copolymer (BCP) to form patterns of generally radial lines and/or generally concentric rings as well as patterns of gap regions of one of the BCP components. The pattern of lines and/or rings have the BCP components aligned as lamellae perpendicular to the substrate, while the pattern of gap regions has the BCP components aligned as lamellae parallel to the substrate. One of the BCP components is removed, leaving the other BCP component as an etch mask to fabricate either the final master disk or two separate molds that are then used to fabricate the master disk.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for making a grating. The method includes the following steps. First, a substrate is provided. Second, a photoresist film is formed on a surface of the substrate. Third, a nano-pattern is formed on the photoresist film by nano-imprint lithography. Fourth, the photoresist film is etched to form a patterned photoresist layer. Fifth, a mask layer is covered on the patterned photoresist layer and the surface of the substrate exposed to the patterned photoresist layer. Sixth, the patterned photoresist layer and the mask layer thereon are removed to form a patterned mask layer. Seventh, the substrate is etched through the patterned mask layer by reactive ion etching, wherein etching gases includes carbon tetrafluoride (CF4), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and argon (Ar2). Finally, the patterned mask layer is removed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for making a grating. The method includes the following steps. First, a substrate is provided. Second, a patterned mask layer is formed on a surface of the substrate. Third, the substrate with the patterned mask layer is placed in a microwave plasma system. Fourth, a plurality of etching gases are guided into the microwave plasma system simultaneously to etch the substrate through three stages. The etching gas includes carbon tetrafluoride (CF4), argon (Ar2), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Finally, the patterned mask layer is removed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a negative photosensitive composition suitable for image-wise exposure and development as a negative photoresist comprising a negative photoresist composition and an inorganic particle material having an average particle size equal or greater than 10 nanometers, wherein the thickness of the photoresist coating film is less than 5 microns. The negative photoresist composition is selected from (1) a composition comprising (i) a resin binder, (ii) a photoacid generator, and (iii) a cross-linking agent; or (2) a composition comprising (i) a resin binder, (ii) optionally, addition-polymerizeable, ethylenically unsaturated compound(s) and (iii) a photoinitiator; or (3) a composition comprising (i) a photopolymerizable compound containing at least two pendant unsaturated groups; (ii) ethylenically unsaturated photopolymerizable polyalkylene oxide hydrophilic compound(s); and (iii) a photoinitiator.

Abstract: Provided is a mask blank which is used for manufacturing an imprinting mold and which may form a fine mold pattern with high pattern accuracy. A mask blank (10) includes a transparent substrate (1) and a thin film (2) contacted with a surface of the substrate. The thin film (2) includes a laminated film including an upper layer (4) which is composed of a material containing silicon (Si) or a material containing tantalum (Ta), and a lower layer (3) which is composed of a material containing at least one of hafnium (Hf) and zirconium (Zr) and containing substantially no oxygen.

Abstract: A stacked proportioning valve having a body with at least two sets of ports disposed at different positions along a longitudinal length of the body, each set of ports including at least three ports at different angular positions to couple to fluid conduits, a rotor disposed in the valve body has at least two sections stacked along the longitudinal length, each section comprising three fluid channels in longitudinal alignment with one of the sets of ports, and a drive shaft affixed to the rotor, the drive shaft to rotate the rotor over angular positions to fluidly couple together pairs of ports in each of the sets of ports synchronously as a function of the rotor's angular position. In embodiments a component of a plasma processing chamber, such as a plasma etch chamber is fluidly coupled by the stack proportioning valve to reservoirs of both a hot and cold chiller.

Abstract: Methods for etching a substrate are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method of etching a substrate may include generating a plasma by providing only a first RF signal having a first frequency and a first duty cycle; applying only a second RF signal to bias the plasma towards the substrate, wherein the second RF signal has the first frequency and a second duty cycle different than the first duty cycle; adjusting a phase variance between the first and second RF signals to control an ion energy distribution in the plasma; and etching the substrate with the plasma.

Abstract: An improved arc extinction apparatus that can be used in an improved DC switch apparatus includes a pair of magnetic field elements in the exemplary form of permanent magnets to apply Lorentz forces to the arcs. The magnetic fields are arranged in the vicinity of the air gaps that form between the ends of a pivoting conductor and a pair of contacts such that the system is optimized to extinguish an arc at one air gap when current is flowing through the conductor in a first direction and is further optimized to extinguish an arc at the other air gap when current is flowing in an opposite direction through the conductor. This is accomplished by providing a magnet at each air gap of the circuit, with the magnetic fields being oriented parallel with the pivot axis and having their north poles pointed in the same direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for electric arc welding, without a laser beam, one or more metal parts, in particular made of steel, including an aluminum surface coating, in particular a coating consisting of aluminum and silicon, using a protective gas, characterized in that the protective gas consists of a mixture of argon and/or helium, and additionally of nitrogen, in particular less than 30 volume % of nitrogen, typically 2 to 10 volume % of nitrogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hybrid laser/arc-welding method using an electric arc and a laser beam that are combined together within a single welding bath, to which molten metal is supplied by melting a filler wire, wherein the welding bath is provided on at least one steel part including an aluminum surface coating, and a protective gas is used, characterized in that the protective gas consists of at least one main compound selected from argon and helium, and of at least one additional compound selected from nitrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: A material processing system for a base material is provided. The system includes a feeder having a distal end proximate to a surface location of the base material. The feeder supplies a deposit material to the surface location. The deposit material has a width having a first side and a second side. A first laser is directed to the deposit material at the surface location. The first laser is directed across the width from the first side to the second side. A second laser is directed to a desired location within the width. A control system drives the process of cladding the deposit material. The control system includes a shape controller to control the movement of the secondary laser along the deposit material based on feedback from a sensor.

Abstract: A stud welding apparatus comprising a power supply including power electronics operable for supplying a variable welding voltage together with one of a pilot current and a welding current that is much larger than the pilot current; and a current measuring circuit operable for measuring the electrical current to the weld head; and an input circuit electrically connected between the power electronics and the power supply output, the input circuit including a first inductance, a first resistance, and a switch operable to bridge the first inductance and the first resistance; and a welding circuit electrically connected between the power supply output and the weld stud, the welding circuit having a welding circuit resistance and a welding circuit inductance, and the welding circuit inductance is much smaller than the first inductance of the input circuit; and a voltage measuring device is operable for measuring a voltage across the welding circuit.

Abstract: A method for feeding a component to a component holder and for joining the component onto a work piece in a joining direction, the method comprising the steps of: turning the component holder to a transfer position in which the component holder is aligned with a feed channel, wherein it is turned about an axis that is aligned transversely relative to the joining direction; feeding the component, through the feed channel, into the component holder; turning the component holder to a joining position; and performing a joining operation, including moving a slide bearing the component holder in the joining direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus (1) for the production of a welding seam or a three-dimensional structure (26) on a surface of a metallic work piece (14) with the help of a welding torch (7) for carrying out a welding process with a welding wire (9) guided in a welding torch (7), whereby an electric arc (13) is ignited between the welding wire (9) and the work piece (14), and for stabilising the electric arc (13) a laser (27?) for emitting a laser beam (27) with a maximum power of 2000W is arranged, with a point of impact being on that position of the work piece (14) where the welding seam or structure (26) is produced. An improvement of the stabilisation of the electric arc (13) is obtained if the laser (27?) is connected to a means (28) for the control of the laser (27?), which control means (28) is designed to activate the laser beam (27) prior to the ignition of the electric arc (13).

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, there are disclosed a laser repairing apparatus and a laser repairing method for a substrate. The laser repairing apparatus comprises: a laser emitter; and a light transmission sheet with a light-shielding pattern, wherein a laser emitted by the laser emitter is used to cut a superfluous remainder of an electrode on the substrate, the light transmission sheet is located between the laser emitter and the substrate, and as compared with a pattern of the electrode on the substrate, the light-shielding pattern on the light transmission sheet has the same shape and a size at a predetermined ratio.

Abstract: A method for processing workpieces with a laser processing machine including a laser processing head having a nozzle receiving member configured to receive a laser nozzle. The method includes holding a workpiece on a workpiece support plane of a workpiece support, transferring a laser nozzle between a nozzle magazine of a nozzle changing device located at a first side of the workpiece support and a nozzle receiving member of the laser processing head located at a second side of the workpiece support such that the laser nozzle is assembled on or disassembled from the nozzle receiving member, and moving the laser nozzle through a through-opening defined in the workpiece support along a transverse direction to the workpiece support.

Abstract: The welding contact tips presented herein include contoured inner bores that include a front inner bore section and a back inner bore section. In certain embodiments, the front inner bore section is approximately 0.3-0.6 inches long and includes an inner wall having a substantially constant inner diameter. The back inner bore section is configured to conform to the specific welding wire used with the welding contact tip. In particular, the back inner bore section includes an inner wall having an inner diameter that is substantially larger at an axial end of the welding contact tip than at an axial transition location where the front and back inner bore sections abut. As such, the welding contact area between the welding contact tip and the welding wire is enhanced in the front inner bore section, especially when the welding wire twists inside the contact tip and the welding torch.

Abstract: Thermal treatment method for a micromechanical horological component derived from the LIGA method and exhibiting very low thermal inertia, said method including the step which consists in locally heating one area of the micromechanical horological component to increase hardness by local phase modification, the component being heated for a sufficiently short time that only the locally heated area is affected by the thermal treatment, the phase of the untreated portions of the component remaining unchanged.

Abstract: This invention is about crimping-fixed electric heater via the Internet of Things (IOT), which includes a heater tube body to hold the heating elements of PTC and heat sinks that are attached to the heater tube. The heater tube is a long strip-shaped metal tube and has flanges attached to the upper surface and lower sides of this metal tube that forms grooves at the corner between these flanges and the upper/lower surface of the metal tube body. Inside the metal tube is a cavity to hold the PTC heating element with insulation layers are applied in the cavity. Heat sink is first placed on the left and right side of the heater tube, the flanges are folded to clamp the heat sink firmly to the heater tube.

Abstract: A solar energy system comprising a defrosting module. The defrosting module includes a first light sensor configured to be located on a solar panel and to produce a first signal which is proportional to the intensity of sunlight reaching the solar panel. The defrosting module includes a second light sensor configured to be located proximate to the solar panel and configured to produce a second signal which is proportional to the intensity of ambient sunlight in the vicinity of the solar panel. The defrosting module includes a control circuit configured to compare the first signal and the second signal and to produce an activation signal when the difference between the first signal and the second signal reaches a threshold value, wherein the activation signal is configured to activate a heater module coupled to the solar panel.

Abstract: A thermal array system is provided. The system includes a first thermal element and a second thermal element connected between a first node and a second node. The first thermal element being activated and the second thermal element being deactivated by a first polarity of the first node relative to the second node. Further, the first thermal element being deactivated and the second thermal element being activated by a second polarity of the first node relative to the second node.

Abstract: Power feed connections and sauna heating panels include a power feed having a first insulated conductor electrically coupled to a first terminal and a second insulated conductor electrically coupled to a second terminal. The first and second terminals are electrically coupled with at least one heating element. In some cases the power feed includes a supply portion, a connection portion, and an extension portion. The extension portion has one or more conductors in a twisted configuration extending away from the first and second terminals. In some cases the power feed includes an extension conductor portion coupled to a return conductor portion in a twisted configuration. The extension portion extends away from a second terminal past a second connection point and the return portion returns back to and connects to the second connection point at the second terminal. Methods for providing power connections to heating panels are also provided.

Abstract: A seat cover heating system is based on joining a layer of heating material (2) to the textile material of a seat cover (1) using a rolling process, preferably intended for motor vehicle seats. The two components, the heating material layer and the textile cover, form a single unit. Once the unit has been cut to the shaped required for the area to be heated, electrical connectors (6) are incorporated during the process including the sewing of the remaining constituent parts of the textile cover (1) so that the area to be heated functions correctly.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus has a long chamber having an opening portion, a gas supply apparatus that supplies gas into the chamber, a spiral coil having a long shape in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the chamber, a high-frequency electric power supply connected to the spiral coil, a base material mounting table which is disposed opposite to the opening portion and holds a base material and a moving mechanism which is disposed in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the chamber and the longitudinal direction of the opening portion, and enables the chamber and the base material mounting table to relatively move perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal direction of the opening portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a human food and beverage utensil heater well system for use with liquid for utensil heating, comprising a well with a drain outlet and removable plug fitting to close the outlet, with a heating system to heat the well. Electrical components are adapted to operate the heating system. The well can be configured to fit for mounting with a top housing adapted to rest upon a counter. The plug fitting can have a handle to remove the plug. A faucet can be operated to fill the well. The plug fitting can have a conduit therethrough to connect with an overflow tube so that liquid flows through the tube and plug fitting to be discharged through the outlet and through a drain tube. In an embodiment, a well and heater system can have a valve associated with the well outlet to open or close flow therethrough.

Abstract: A system and method is provided. The system and method having at least three power nodes, wherein a thermal element is connected between each pair of power nodes.

Abstract: A system and method is provided. In one aspect, the system and method may calculate a time period for each mode of a plurality of modes. The system and method may index through each mode for the corresponding time period to provide power to the plurality of thermal elements according to the mode. In another aspect the system and method may index sequentially through each mode of a plurality of modes and apply power to an indexed mode while measuring an electrical characteristic of the thermal elements for the indexed mode.

Abstract: An electric heating apparatus includes a power module, an electric heating unit, and a switching unit. The power module is adapted to be electrically connected to a battery for outputting electric energy. The electric heating unit includes multiple electric heating components electrically connected to the power module tor receiving and converting the electric energy into thermal energy. The switching unit is electrically connected between the power module and the electric heating unit, and is operable to control electrical connection between the power module and each of the electric heating components. Accordingly, the electric heating unit generates the thermal energy with a constant output power.

Abstract: A system and method is provided. The system and method calculate target setpoints for each thermal element and index through each thermal element to provide power to the thermal element, sense an electrical characteristic of the thermal element, and determine if the thermal element exceeds a target setpoint for the thermal element based on the sensed electrical characteristic.

Abstract: A solder handling assembly comprises a heating portion, a casing, a variable resistor, a connecting member coupled to the variable resistor, and an elastic-resilient member movable from a first state to a second state. The connecting member is rotatable relative to the casing and is configured to adjust a resistor value of the variable resistor when the connecting member is rotated relative to casing. When the elastic-resilient member is in the first state, the connecting member is prevented from rotating relative to the casing. When the elastic-resilient member is in the second state, the connecting member can be rotated relative to the casing.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for induction sealing workpieces, in which a series of workpieces are conveyed along a path extending in a conveyance direction, and each workpiece is exposed to a first electromagnetic field generated by a first induction head and to a second electromagnetic field generated by a second induction head, each of the first and second electromagnetic fields inducing eddy currents through the entirety of each workpiece. Respective magnetic axes of the first and second induction heads are non-parallel to each other such that each workpiece is exposed to a plurality of differently oriented electromagnetic fields as the workpiece is conveyed along the path.

Abstract: A cooking system that utilizes vibration to improve the convenience of preparing food and the quality of the finished product. The system uses a vibrating device coupled to a cooking vessel with a pad and/or isolation blocks disposed between the vibrator and the vessel. The cooking system can be adapted to prepare specific foods in specific quantities, such as popcorn in pre-packaged containers.

Abstract: The reactive waste deactivation facility is designed to destroy explosives, propellants, and manufactured munitions items. The facility includes a plurality of armored deactivation bays. Two configurations can be used for these bays: a batch loading vertical bay and a continuous feed horizontal rotary bay. The armored deactivation bays are all enclosed within a common expansion chamber that is designed to collect waste gasses, dusts and residual wastes resulting from the deactivation of wastes that take place in the plurality of bays. The facility uses an electric induction heating coil for each bay to start the reactions. The facility may also include remotely operable waste feeding systems A waste collection and removal system is also provided which permits removal of residues from the individual reaction bays.

Abstract: A system and process for cooking a consumable food product for an accelerated time period is described. The a system and process for cooking a food product comprising selectively heating primarily the interior of a food product, and searing the exterior of the food product using a radiative oven, wherein the radiative oven operates at greater than 900° Fahrenheit and reaches the operating temperature from an ambient temperature in a duration that is less than 30 seconds. A vending machine including the system and process of cooking is also described.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for a flexible microwave package system is provided. The flexible microwave package system includes a front panel having a first sealing edge and an opposite second sealing edge and formed of at least a first outer layer adjacent an exterior of the flexible package. The system also includes a back panel having a first sealing edge and an opposite second sealing edge and formed of a perforated layer adjacent an interior of the flexible microwave package, an outer layer adjacent an exterior of the flexible package, and an absorbent layer extending from the first sealing edge to the second sealing edge between the perforated layer and the outer layer. The absorbent layer includes a layer of a nonwoven material. Adjacent edges of the front panel and the back panel are sealed together. Each layer contacts an adjacent layer without an intervening metallic layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water-based coating system that can be used to form durable, abrasion resistant, corrosion resistant, protective barriers on a wide range of substrates. The coating system is particularly effective for protecting metal-containing substrates, such as intermodal cargo containers, against corrosion. As an overview, the present invention provides water-based primer compositions suitable to form primer coats and topcoats on substrates. Desirably, the primer incorporates one or more chlorinated resins for excellent corrosion protection. These polymers not only provide excellent corrosion protection and but also show excellent adhesion to a wide range of substrate materials. The system also includes topcoat compositions enhance compatibility and adhesion to the primer and to provide enhanced application.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water-based coating and/or coating system that can be used to form sag resistant wet layers or coatings on a wide range of substrates. The coating system is particularly effective for protecting metal-containing substrates, such as intermodal cargo containers, against corrosion. As an overview, the present invention provides water-based compositions suitable to form primer coats on substrates. Desirably, the primer incorporates a high level of one or more CAS agents for excellent sag resistance while drying in a broad range of relative humidity environments. Alternatively, modifications can be made to control temperature and humidity during spray application and drying as a way to increase sag resistance of the coating.