Abstract: A solar cell system includes a number of P-N junction cells, a number of inner electrodes, a first collecting electrode, a second collecting electrode and a reflector. The number of the P-N junction cells is M. M is equal to or greater than 2. The M P-N junction cells are arranged from a first P-N junction cell to an Mth P-N junction cell along the straight line. The P-N junction cells are arranged in series along a straight line. The number of the inner electrodes is M?1. At least one inner electrode includes a carbon nanotube array. A photoreceptive surface is parallel to the straight line. A reflector is located on an emitting surface opposite to the photoreceptive surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention involve photovoltaic (PV) cells comprising a semiconducting nanorod-nanocrystal-polymer hybrid layer, as well as methods for fabricating the same. In PV cells according to this invention, the nanocrystals may serve both as the light-absorbing material and as the heterojunctions at which excited electron-hole pairs split.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for converting electromagnetic radiation, such as solar energy, into electric energy with increased efficiency when compared to conventional solar cells. One embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic (PV) device. The PV device comprises an absorber layer made of a compound semiconductor; and an emitter layer located closer than the absorber layer to a first side of the device. The PV device includes a p-n junction formed between the emitter layer and the absorber layer, the p-n junction causing a voltage to be generated in the device in response to the device being exposed to light at a second side of the device. Such innovations may allow for greater efficiency and flexibility in PV devices when compared to conventional solar cells.

Abstract: A photoelectric converter is disclosed. The photoelectric converter includes an electrode layer and a semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer is on the electrode layer. The semiconductor layer contains a chalcopyrite compound semiconductor. The semiconductor layer comprises a plurality of sub-layers. The plurality of sub-layers comprises a first sub-layer. The first sub-layer is located closest to the electrode layer. The first sub-layer has a first thickness smaller than an average thickness of the rest of the plurality of sub-layers.

Abstract: A thin film solar cell and process for forming the same. The solar cell includes a bottom electrode layer, semiconductor light absorbing layer, top electrode layer, and a protective moisture barrier layer. In some embodiments, the barrier layer is formed of a water-insoluble material. The barrier layer helps protect the top electrode layer from exposure and damage caused by water and oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solar cell flip chip package structure, comprising: a substrate having a first surface, a second surface and an opening extending from the first surface to the second surface; a conducting layer disposed on the first surface of the substrate; a solar cell flip chip bonded on the conducting layer; a transparent layer attached on the second surface of the substrate; and a storage space formed between the opening extending from the first surface to the second surface, the solar cell flip chip and the transparent layer.

Abstract: A package structure and a solar cell with the same are provided. The package structure includes a transparent package bulk and at least one structure capable of changing a direction of light. The structure is disposed within the transparent package bulk and at a distance from a surface of the transparent package bulk. When applied to a solar cell, the package structure can reduce gridline shading.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell includes texturing a front surface of a semiconductor substrate having a first conductive type dopant by using a dry etching method, forming an emitter layer by ion-implanting a second conductive type dopant into the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, forming a back passivation film on a back surface of the semiconductor substrate; and forming a first electrode electrically connected to the emitter layer and a second electrode being in partial contact with the back surface of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A solar cell, comprising: a doped silicon substrate, the silicon substrate comprising a front surface and a rear surface; a front phosphorous diffusion layer formed on the front surface; a front anti-reflective layer formed on the front phosphorous diffusion layer; a front metal electrode on the front surface in ohmic contact with the front phosphorous diffusion layer through the front anti-reflective layer; a rear passivation layer formed on the rear surface; a rear metal electrode in a pattern on the rear surface passing through the rear passivation layer; and a rear p+ diffusion area on the rear surface between the rear passivation layer and a boron-doped region of the silicon substrate, the rear p+ diffusion area surrounding the rear metal electrode.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a solar cell screen-printing composition is provided, comprising aluminum; and silicon; the percentage by mass of silicon lying in a range from 5% to 95% of the sum of the percentages by mass of silicon and aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention is a dye-sensitized solar cell that has a pair of electrodes that oppose each other, a sealing section that joins the pair of electrodes, an electrolyte that fills a cell space that is surrounded by the pair of electrodes and the sealing section, wherein the sealing section has a resin sealing section that contains a resin, the resin sealing section has a changing-thickness section, the thickness of which increases or decreases as a distance from the electrolyte is increased and which has an inclined face, and the resin sealing section comes into contact, along the inclined face of the changing-thickness section, with an electrode of the pair of electrodes that opposes the inclined face.

Abstract: The electric power generation efficiency of a photoelectric conversion device is improved by reducing an absorption loss of light at a back-surface electrode layer. The photoelectric conversion device includes photoelectric conversion units that convert light into electricity, a first zinc oxide layer (40a) formed on the photoelectric conversion units, a second zinc oxide layer (40b) which is formed on the first zinc oxide layer (40a) and to which aluminum and silicon are added, and a reflective metal layer (40c) formed on the second zinc oxide layer (40b).

Abstract: A solar cell includes a solar cell substrate. The solar cell substrate includes a semiconductor substrate, a surface of a p-type region and a surface of an n-type region exposed on a first principal surface of the solar cell substrate. The solar cell substrate includes a p-side electrode formed on the surface of the p-type region, and an n-side electrode formed on the surface of the n-type region. The semiconductor substrate includes linear grooves extending in a first direction on a surface on a first principal surface side. Each of the p-side electrode and the n-side electrode includes a linear portion extending in the first direction.

Abstract: A multilayer transparent electroconductive film is obtained by stacking a transparent electroconductive film (II) on a transparent electroconductive film (I), and in this structure, the transparent electroconductive film (I) contains one or more added elements selected from aluminum and gallium, and the content of the added elements is in a range represented by ?2.18×[Al]+1.74?[Ga]??1.92×[Al]+6.10. The transparent electroconductive film (II) contains one or more added elements selected from aluminum and gallium, and the content of the added elements is in a range represented by ?[Al]+0.30?[Ga]??2.68×[Al]+1.74. In this case, [Al] is the aluminum content expressed as the atomic ratio (%) Al/(Zn+Al) and [Ga] is the gallium content expressed as the atomic ratio (%) Ga/(Zn+Ga).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a solar cell and to a solar cell which can be produced accordingly. On a solar cell substrate, first a ridged texture, which may for example comprise pyramids produced by alkaline etching, is formed both on a front face and on a rear face of the solar cell substrate. Then an etching barrier layer is applied to the front face of the solar cell substrate. Next the texture on the rear face of, the solar cell substrate is smoothed by etching in an isotropically acting etching solution which for example contains acid, wherein the front face is protected by the etching barrier layer. Thus, ridged structures on the rear face can be avoided and in this way reflection can be increased and surface passivation can be improved, both of which can lead to an increased potential efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate for a solar cell, wherein a flat chamfered portion is formed on one corner of a silicon substrate having a square shape in a planar view, or a notch is formed on the corner or close to the corner. This invention makes it possible to easily check the position of the substrate and determine the direction of the substrate in a solar cell manufacturing step, and suppresses failures generated due to the direction of the substrate.

Abstract: A PV panel uses an array of small silicon sphere diodes (10-300 microns in diameter) connected in parallel. The spheres are embedded in an uncured aluminum-containing layer, and the aluminum-containing layer is heated to anneal the aluminum-containing layer as well as p-dope the bottom surface of the spheres. A phosphorus-containing layer is deposited over the spheres to dope the top surface n-type, forming a pn junction. The phosphorus layer is then removed. A conductor is deposited to contact the top surface. Alternatively, the spheres are deposited with a p-type core and an n-type outer shell. After deposition, the top surface is etched to expose the core. A first conductor layer contacts the bottom surface, and a second conductor layer contacts the exposed core. A liquid lens material is deposited over the rounded top surface of the spheres and cured to provide conformal lenses designed to increase the PV panel efficiency.

Abstract: A thin-film transistor according to the present disclosure is capable of balancing excellent on-characteristics and excellent off-characteristics, and in which the electrical characteristics are symmetric even when the source electrode and the drain electrode are switched. The thin-film transistor includes: a substrate; a gate electrode; a gate insulating layer; a crystalline silicon layer above the gate insulating layer above the gate electrode; a non-crystalline silicon layer above the gate insulating layer and on both sides of the crystalline silicon layer, having a thickness smaller than a thickness of the crystalline silicon layer; a channel protective layer above the crystalline silicon layer; and a source electrode and a drain electrode.

Abstract: Methods are generally provided for adhering a support insert within a connection aperture defined in an encapsulating substrate of a photovoltaic device that has a first lead. The connection aperture generally has a perimeter defined by an aperture wall of the encapsulating substrate. The method can, in one particular embodiment, include threading the first lead through the connection aperture; and positioning a support insert within the connection aperture such that the first lead is still able to extend through the connection aperture. The support insert can generally define a channel within its construction that extends from a channel opening in the support insert to an exit port. An adhesive composition can be injected into the channel opening such that a first amount of the adhesive composition flows through the channel and out of the exit port to bond the support insert within the connection aperture.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an encapsulated flexible electronic device comprising a flexible electronic device, wherein the flexible electronic device is protected by a protective coating layer, a first cover sheet and a second cover sheet being made of patterned and developed dry photoresist films. The encapsulated flexible electronic device may be used to directly realize different type of electronic devices, such as smart sensor devices.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device comprising a substrate which has a porous first surface and a transparent conductive oxide layer located on a second surface opposite the first surface. A method of manufacturing the device is also described.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device includes a photoactive region disposed between and electrically connected to two electrodes where the photoactive region includes photoactive polymer-wrapped carbon nanotubes that create excitons upon absorption of light in the range of about 400 nm to 1400 nm.

Abstract: An ink for forming a compound semiconductor thin film is provided, which contains a binder includes a compound includes an S atom or an Se atom and metallic compound particles which are both dispersed in an organic solvent. A compound semiconductor thin film is formed by applying or printing the ink for forming a compound semiconductor thin film and heat-treating it. A solar cell is constituted, which has a light-absorbing layer formed of the compound semiconductor thin film.

Abstract: A fluid flow system is provided. The system includes a tank, a first manifold and a second manifold. The tank has a generally centralized portion and a sidewall. The tank extends from a lower portion to an upper portion to contain fluid therein. The first manifold is located adjacent the sidewall and has a first length extending from the lower portion to the upper portion. The first manifold defines at least in part a first opening extending along at least a portion of the first length permitting fluid flow therethrough. The first manifold is positioned to permit fluid to flow between the first manifold and the sidewall independent of the first opening. The second manifold is located about the centralized portion and has a second length extending from the lower portion to the upper portion. The second manifold defines a second opening extending along at least a portion of the second length permitting fluid flow therethrough.

Abstract: A gas valve assembly may include an electronic valve controller secured relative to a valve body. The electronic controller may be configured to count each operational cycle of the gas valve and maintain a cumulative count of the number of operational cycles experienced by the gas valve in a memory, such as a non-volatile memory. In some cases, the non-volatile memory may also store one or more operational cycle threshold values that may be retrieved and compared to the cumulative count of the number of operational cycles experienced by the gas valve. In some instances, where the cumulative count of the number of operational cycles experienced by the gas valve meets and/or exceeds the threshold number of operational cycles, the gas valve may be prevented from opening.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to valves, and more particularly, to gas valve assemblies. In one illustrative but non-limiting example, a valve assembly may include a valve body having an interior and an exterior, a valve or valve sealing member positioned in the valve body, a sensor element (e.g., a magnet and/or a ferrous core) secured relative to the valve sealing member and a sensor (e.g., a magnetic field sensor) positioned outside of the interior of the valve body. The valve sealing member may be movable between an opened position and a closed position, and the sense element may move with the valve sealing member. The sensor may be configured to detect a position of the valve sealing member and communicate that position to a valve controller.

Abstract: An apparatus for distributing a flow of a liquid descending in an inner space of a packed column includes: a collector to collect the flow of the liquid; a mixer below and vertically spaced apart from the collector to receive and mix the liquid collected; a first conduit to receive and transmit at least part of the liquid from a first sector of the collector to a first zone of the mixer; and a second conduit to receive and transmit at least part of the liquid from a second sector of the collector to a second zone of the mixer. A geometric center of the first sector of the collector is positioned circumferentially away from a geometric center of the first zone of the mixer and/or a geometric center of the collector's second sector is positioned circumferentially away from a geometric center of the mixer's second zone.

Abstract: Apparatus useful for at least one among filling, flooding and hydrotesting a subsea pipeline includes a control unit, pump and pump valve disposed upon a submersible skid. The control unit is capable of controlling operation of the pump and pump valve. At least one battery may be disposed upon or associated with the skid for powering the components on the skid.

Abstract: A check valve comprising a valve housing, which comprises an inlet, an outlet, and a valve channel. The valve channel connects the inlet to the outlet and has a valve seat. The check valve further comprises a closure part, which cooperates with the valve seat, and a tappet bearing the closure part. An end of the tappet which is remote from the closure part bears a control piston, which together with a cylinder wall defines a control chamber, which is connected a control connection. The control chamber is connected to the valve channel by means of a connection channel.

Abstract: A process and device enabling accurate mass flow control is described. A mass flow controller can be re-specified corresponding to multiple types of actual process gases and multiple flow rate ranges, even after the mass flow controller has been shipped. Calibration gas data is derived using actual flow rate versus a flow rate setting signal to generate calibration gas data. Actual gas data is derived by measuring actual flow rate versus a flow rate setting signal for each actual gas and saving. Subsequently, prior to operating the mass flow rate control device, the characteristic data for an actual and the calibration gas characteristic data is recalled. The calibration gas characteristic data is then converted to controlled flow rate correction data based on the actual gas characteristic data that is saved to the control unit and the actual gas flow rate is corrected based on this controlled flow rate correction data.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to valves, and more particularly, to gas valve assemblies. In one example, a gas valve assembly may include a valve body with one or more valves movable between an opened position and a closed position, one or more valve actuators configured to operate the valves, and one or more pressure sensors to sense a pressure within a fluid path of the valve assembly. A valve controller may receive a measure related to a sensed pressure from the one or more pressure sensor(s). The valve controller may compare the received measure related to the sensed pressure to an overpressure threshold. In the event the measure related to the sensed pressure surpasses the overpressure threshold value, the valve controller may be configured to provide a signal that indicates an overpressure event has occurred.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to valves, and more particularly, to gas valve assemblies. In one example, the valve assembly may include a valve body with a fluid path, one or more valves or valve sealing members positioned across the fluid path, and one or more pressure sensors in fluid communication with a fluid path of the valve assembly. The valve assembly may include a valve controller in communication with the pressure sensors, where the valve controller may be configured to compare a measure related to a pressure sensed by the one or more pressure sensors to a pressure threshold value (e.g., a high pressure threshold value, a low pressure threshold value, or other pressure threshold value). If the measure surpasses the threshold value, the valve controller may provide a predetermined output signal indicating a pressure event has occurred, such as a high or low gas pressure event.

Abstract: A fluid system and method of operation provides flow force compensation and load sense functions. Each work circuit includes an actuator, a control valve, and a first valve. A valve element of a control valve includes main metering orifices sized and shaped to provide flow force compensation. A load sense check valve associated with a load pressure signal conduit is downstream of the load check valve. The load pressure signal conduit of each work circuit is in fluid communication with one another, and a greater of the load signal pressure of the work circuits is communicated to the load sense check valve of the other work circuit. The control valve associated the lesser load can permit flow forces to reduce the effective area of the orifice, which increases the pressure difference across the valve to maintain approximately constant flow to the actuator.

Abstract: An apparatus for regulating the flow of a fluid from a source to a target location comprises a housing defining a fluid inlet configured to communicate with a fluid source and a fluid outlet configured to communicate with a target location, and a flow path extending between the fluid inlet and fluid outlet. An inlet valve assembly is mounted in the flow path and comprises a valve seat and a valve member configured to cooperate with the valve seat to regulate flow through the flow path. A balance arrangement is provided and is configured to balance the effect of fluid pressure acting on the inlet valve assembly.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for controlling pressure in a process chamber having a continuous gas inlet flow and a continuous gas outlet flow comprising providing a pulsed valve at a gas outlet, a pressure gauge, and a programmable controller and varying the pulse rate of the pulsed valve, wherein either the open time or closed time, or both open and closed times, is lengthened or shortened, depending on whether the gauge pressure is above or below the programmed setpoint.

Abstract: A fuel line assembly for an aircraft comprises a ferrule assembly comprising a ferrule affixed to an isolation tube, which may be directly affixed to a fuel tube or affixed to an extension tube, which in turn, is affixed to the fuel tube. The ferrule assembly provides electrostatic discharge protection and lightning protection as the isolation tube maintains a separation distance from the ferrule and fuel tube, both of which are made from metal. The isolation tube is made from a dielectric material, but which may have conductive particles added to aid in the dissipation of an electrostatic charge. The electrical resistance through the isolation tube has a lower limit to arrest the flow of the induced lightning current through the assembly. The amount of lightning protection afforded can be configured. The ferrule assembly components may be affixed by using thermo-welding, adhesive, or mechanical pressure.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method of connecting at least two containers for enabling a transfer of liquid from one container to the other container, comprising the steps of: a) Depositing a first cassette including at least a first container on a first tray. The first container has a plurality of connecting means. b) Depositing a second cassette including a second container on a second tray. The cassettes or the containers include a data storage means. c) The data are read by respective data reading means. d) The data are processed and it is verified whether they match each other. e1) In case of a negative result, the second cassette is removed and the steps from step b) onwards are repeated. e2) In case of a positive verification result, the containers are connected. f) Removing the second cassette. g) Repeating steps b) to f) a plurality of times.

Abstract: A method for the sterile connection of pipes, consisting of: providing a first and a second pipe; a separating area of the first and second pipes is heated; both pipes are mechanically separated by exerting traction and/or shear force onto the pipes so that both pipes are respectively separated in the heated separating area; after the pipes are separated, a mechanical contact between the end of the first pipe section of the first pipe formed by the separation of the first pipe is established with the end of the first pipe section of the second pipe, formed by the separation of the second pipe, and mechanical contact is established such that the ends of the pipe sections still have, following heating when they come into mechanical contact with each other, a temperature such that they form a material fit connection without additional heating after separation.

Abstract: A packing mounting and removing device includes a packing mounting and removing rod, a rod support, a rod fixing nut, and a spiral line. The packing mounting and removing device includes a packing flange having a through hole, a gland bushing, a packing, and a lantern ring. A packing exchange method uses the same. By using the device it is not necessary to use any special equipment for removing the packing, and it is possible to mount and remove the packing without disassembling a driving section and a valve disc section. Therefore, it is possible to noticeably reduce time and cost required for the mounting and removing the packing.

Abstract: An apparatus for recirculating fuel vapors in a vehicle. The apparatus includes a filler head connected to a fuel vapor conduit and a tubular aspirator located within the filler head. The aspirator has at least one orifice in its side wall so that when fuel flows through the aspirator when the vehicle is refueled, a low pressure area that draws fuel vapors through the orifice and into the fuel flow within the aspirator is created.

Abstract: A valve for a fuel tank comprising a housing configured with a float chamber and a disk chamber being in flow communication through an intermediate flow path. The float chamber configured with a valve inlet which is in fluid communication with the fuel tank and a fluid inlet port into the intermediate flow path. The disk chamber configured with a fluid outlet port from said intermediate flow path and a valve outlet and the fluid inlet port is sealable by a sealing member of a float member axially displaceable within the float chamber to selectively facilitate fluid flow to or from the float chamber via the valve, and the fluid outlet port is sealable by a pressure holding member axially displaceable within the disk chamber to selectively facilitate fluid flow into or out of said fluid outlet port.

Abstract: Discharge apparatus for use with a pump the pump including a pump casing (32) and a discharge outlet (60). The apparatus comprises an adaptor (110) which includes a main body (112) which in use is operatively connected to the discharge outlet (60) and outlet pipework (200) through which material passes from the discharge outlet. The adaptor further includes a displacement device (132) operable to cause relative displacement of the adaptor body (112) and the discharge outlet (60).

Abstract: A latch device (12) for a hydraulic valve (10) is proposed. The latch device (12) comprises a housing (22) and a latch shaft (26), which is supported such that it can move in the housing (22). In order to create a latch device (12), independent of the hydraulic provisioning, the provision of at least one magnetizable ring beam arrangement (38), which is supported on the latch shaft (26), and an electric solenoid arrangement (40), located on the housing (22) around the ring beam arrangement (38) is also proposed, wherein by the supply of current to the solenoid arrangement (40), a positioning force can be produced on the ring beam arrangement (38). Furthermore, a hydraulic valve (10) with the corresponding latch device (12) and a hydraulic arrangement (92) for such a valve (10) are also proposed.

Abstract: A combinatorial processing chamber is provided. The processing chamber includes a substrate support rotatable around a central axis. The substrate support has a plurality of subsections operable to be isolated from each other. The plurality of subsections has a rotatable support cell independently controllable from the substrate support. A vacuum source in fluid communication with a gap defined around a peripheral region of the substrate support is provided. The vacuum source is in fluid communication with a peripheral region of each rotatable support cell of the plurality of subsections.

Abstract: A Vehicle Running Board having Integral Water Tank and Pumping System. The device functions as a vehicle running board, and is aesthetically appealing by integrating with the overall body design. In addition, the device has a hollow interior compartment within which liquid, such as water, can be stored. Furthermore, the device includes an integrated, internal pump for providing a pressurized liquid source for utility purposes. One or more ends of the running board compartment may have a see-through window in order to visually verify the liquid level within the interior compartment. Non-skid material may be adhered or embossed on one or more top surfaces of the device in order to aid in safe ingress to and egress from the vehicle.

Abstract: A composite valve has a communication path, a second valve port and a pilot passage. First and second valve bodies are arranged to be moved up and down in the same direction, and are away from each other only at a predetermined distance. In the case that a lift amount of the second valve body for a small flow rate control is equal to or less than a predetermined amount, said pilot passage and a first valve port are respectively closed by a pilot valve body and the first valve body, thereby taking a small flow rate control state. In the case that the lift amount of said second valve body goes beyond said predetermined amount, said pilot valve body is moved up by the upward movement of a valve shaft to open said pilot passage, thereby taking a large flow rate control state.

Abstract: A compact two-way cartridge valve with combined flanged cover includes combined flanged covers, miniaturized pilot control assemblies and main stage of seated poppet valve, or combined flanged covers and main stage of seated poppet valve, or combined covers and miniaturized pilot assemblies and main stage of seated poppet valve. The present invention can overall realign all the two-way cartridge valve products currently on the market, and innovate new series of MINISO compact two-way cartridge valves in the specifications of 10 mm, 16 mm, 25 mm, 32 mm, and will change the quo-status of hydraulic drive and control system, that is the two-way cartridge valves currently are mainly used for large power or flow situations, and can make two-way cartridge valves applied for medium and small power or flow situations, which are the majority of the market in the hydraulic drive and control system.

Abstract: A pressure reducer assembly having a connection fitting for connecting the pressure reducer assembly to a pipe or other water containing element, the connection fitting having a housing with an opening, an inlet exposed to an inlet pressure, an outlet exposed to an outlet pressure, and a separating wall inside the housing for separating the inlet from the outlet and having an opening in the separating wall. A pressure reducer insert extends from the housing opening. The pressure reducer insert is designed in such a way that the pressure effective cross section of the pressure reducer insert which is exposed to the inlet pressure is essentially the same as the pressure effective cross section of the pressure reducer insert in the opening in the separating wall exposed to the inlet pressure. This allows the pressure reducer insert to be made of plastic material.

Abstract: A holder for at least one electrode, in particular a discharge electrode which is suitable for producing a corona discharge, in an exhaust-gas line, includes a body through which an exhaust gas can flow and at least one electric contact for the at least one electrode. Preferably, the at least one electric contact is integrated into the body. An apparatus for fixing at least one electric electrode in an exhaust-gas line is also proposed. The apparatus has at least one such holder and the apparatus has a particle separator disposed downstream in exhaust gas flow direction.

Abstract: A gas monitoring and oxygen supply control system, including a flame-proof and explosion proof housing; a gas monitoring sensor system enclosed in said housing, said sensor system including a sensor controller, a plurality of gas sensors, and a CPU; air sampling pipes in fluid communication with said gas sensors and with the atmospheres to be sampled; input sampling ports disposed on said air sampling pipes and exposed to the atmospheres to be sampled; at least one exhaust pipe for venting gases to a select atmosphere outside said housing; flame-proof port assemblies disposed through a wall of said housing separating said sensor system from an outside atmosphere and through which said air sampling pipes and said exhaust pipe are disposed; at least one pump operatively connected to said air sampling pipes so as to provide both suction and exhaust, said pump electronically connected to and controlled by said CPU; a plurality of valves disposed on said air sampling pipes and electronically coupled to and control